Number System

Aptitude Training
Quantitative Aptitude
Number System
RIZVI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING Guidance for Competitive Examination

Number System
Why It is important?
Generally placement test on quantitative aptitude will

contain at least 30% questions on number systems.
This topic is main and foundation for placement

preparation.
Practicing problems on numbers systems not only

helps in improving your speed but also provides a
strong base for solving other quantitative aptitude
sections like Time and Speed, HCF and LCM, averages,
percentage and so many

Types of Numbers
• Natural No-N={ 1,2,3,4…………………………..}

• Whole No.-W={0,1,2,3……………………………}
• Integers-Z={……-2,-1,0,1,2,3……….}
• Rational No-Q={ No of type p/q where q is
not equal to zero and p and q are integers)
• Irrational No. I-{ Nos which are not rational
nos.}

Some Basics
Even Numbers - n / 2 = 0 where n is counting number;
[0,2,4,...]
Odd Numbers - n / 2 ≠ 0 where n is counting
number; [1,3,5,...]
Prime Numbers - Numbers which is divisible
by themselves only apart from 1.
Composite Numbers - Non-prime numbers > 1. For
example, 4,6,8,9 etc.
1 is neither a prime number nor a composite number.
2 is the only even prime number.
Co-Primes Numbers - Two natural
numbers are co-primes if their H.C.F. is 1. For
example, (2,3), (4,5) are co-primes.
 The greatest number of ‘n’ digits will have ‘n’ 9s straightaway
The smallest number of ‘n’ digits has 1 as the leftmost digit
and the rest all the digits are zeroes
Divisibility Tests
A Number is divisible by
2 - if the last digit is even (0,2,4,6,8)
3 - if the sum of the digits is divisible by 3
4 - if the last two digits form a number divisible by 4
5 - if the last digit is 0 or 5
6 - if the number is divisible by both 2 and 3
8 - if the number formed by the last three digits will be divisible by 8
9 - if the sum of the digits of the number is divisible by 9

10 - if the last digit is 0
11 - if the difference between the sum of the alternate digits of the
number should be 0 or 11
12 - If the number is divisible by both 3 and 4, it is also divisible by 12.

Let us practice
1. Find the largest four number digit that is divisible by 4
a.9996 b.9997 c.9994 d.9993
Explanation:-A Number is divisible by 4 if the
Ans- 9996
last two digits form a number divisible by 4
2. Which digits should come in place of @ and # if the

number 62684@# is divisible by both 8 and 5?
a.4,0 b.0,4 c.4,4 d. none Ans-4,0
Explanation:-Since the given number is divisible by 5, so 0 or 5 must
come in place of #.But, a number ending with 5 is never divisible by
8.So, 0 will replace #.Now, the number formed by the last three digits
is 4@0, which becomes divisible by 8, if @ is replaced by 4.Hence,
digits in place of @ and # are 4 and 0 respectively.

Some Tricks on Division
1.If a number n is divisible by two co-primes
numbers a, b then n is divisible by ab.
2.(a-b) always divides (an - bn) if n is a natural
number.
3.(a+b) always divides (an - bn) if n is an even
number.
4.(a+b) always divides (an + bn) if n is an odd
number.
Division Algorithm
When a number is divided by another number
then
Dividend = (Divisor x Quotient) + Reminder
RIZVI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS II
Let us practice
On dividing a number by 342, 47 is the remainder. What will be
remainder if same number is divided by 18?
a)11 b) 6 c) 8 d) 2 Ans-11
Explanation: Let's quotient is a and given number be b. b = 342a
+ 47 = (18 x 19)a + 36 + 11 = (18 x 19)a + (18 x 2) + 11 = 18 x (19a
+ 2) + 11 Thus, if same number is divided by 18, remainder will
be 11. We've used following formulae here:
Dividend = (Divisor x Quotient) + Reminder
What is the common factor in (4743 + 4343) and (4747 + 4347)

a)47-43 b)47+43 c)47^43+43^43 d)47^47+43^47
Explanation Ans-47+43
an + bn is divisible by a + b if n is an odd number.
∴ each number is divisible by (47 + 43)

Basic Formulas
(a + b)(a - b) = (a2 - b2)

(a + b)2 = (a2 + b2 + 2ab)
(a - b)2 = (a2 + b2 - 2ab)
(a + b + c)2 = a2 + b2 + c2 + 2(ab + bc + ca)
(a3 + b3) = (a + b)(a2 - ab + b2)
(a3 - b3) = (a - b)(a2 + ab + b2)
(a3 + b3 + c3 - 3abc) = (a + b + c)(a2 + b2 + c2 - ab - bc - ac)
When a + b + c = 0, then a3 + b3 + c3 = 3abc
(a + b)n = an + (nC1)an-1b + (nC2)an-2b2 + … + (nCn-1)abn-1 + bn

Let us practice
Which of the following is the output of (578 x 578 x 578 + 432 x
432 x 432) / (578 x 578 - 578 x 432 + 432 x 432) ?
a)2000 b)4000 c)3000 d)1000
Explanation Ans-1000
Let's have a = 578, b = 432
Now expression is (a3 + b3) / (a2 - ab + b2) = a + b
= 578 + 432 = 1000
(a3 + b3 = (a + b)(a2 - ab + b2))
Which of the following is the output of ((964 + 578)2 + (964 -
578)2) /(964 x 964 + 578 x 578) ?
a)4 b)6 c)8 d)2 Ans-2
Explanation
Let's have a = 964, b = 578 Now expression is ((a + b)2 + (a - b)2) / (a2 +
b2) = (a2 + b2 + 2ab + (a2 + b2 - 2ab)) / (a2 + b2) = (a2 + b2 + 2ab + a2 + b2 -
2ab) / (a2 + b2) = 2(a2 + b2) / (a2 + b2) = 2

Basic Formulas for A.P
If An A.P. with first term a and common difference d is given as-
a, (a+d), (a+2d), (a+3d), ..... a, (a+d), (a+2d), (a+3d) ,.....

Then the formula to calculate its nth term will be – Tn = a + (n−1) * d.
The sum of n terms of this A.P.
Sn = (n2) * [2a +(n − 1) * d]Sn = (n2) ∗ (first term + last term).
1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + … + n = n(n + 1)/2
(1² + 2² + 3² + ….. + n²) = n ( n + 1 ) (2n + 1)/6
(1³ + 2³ + 3³ + ….. + n³) = (n(n + 1)/2)²
Sum of first n even numbers=n(n+1)

Sum of first n odd numbers= n^2

Let us practice
What is the sum of this series 1 + 1 + 2 + 8 + 3+ 27 + 4 + 64 +_______10
+ 1000?
a) 308 b) 3008 c) 3800 d) 3080
Explanation
Here, we are given a combination of two series
(1 + 2 + 3 + 4 +.....................+10) + (1 + 8 + 27 + 64 +............+1000)
= (1 + 2 + 3 + 4 +.....................+10) + (13 +23 +33 +43 +.................+103)
(10(10+1)/2) + ((10 × 11)/2)2 = 3080.
1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + … + n = n(n + 1)/2
(1³ + 2³ + 3³ + ….. + n³) = (n(n + 1)/2)²

Let us practice
How many numbers from 10 to 50 are exactly divisible by 3?
a) 13 b)12 c)14 d)11
Ans-13
Explanation
Use formula Tn=a+(n-1)d and here 48 is the last number
which is divible by 3 in 10-50 and 12 is the first number which
is divisible by 3 so a=12and Tn=48
d= 3 so substitute in formula.

Some problems with quick
tricks
1.What is the output of 6894 x 99 ?
Explanation:
6894 x 99 = 6894 x (100 - 1) = 6894 x 100 - 6894 x 1 = 689400 -
6894 = 682506
Explanation:
43986 x 625 = 43986 x 54 = 43986 x (10/2)4 = (43986 x 104) / 24 =
439860000 / 16 = 27491250
Explanation:
1496 x 1496 = 14962 = (1500-4)2 = 15002 + 42 - 2 x
1500 x 4 = 2250000 + 16 - 12000 = 2238016
Conclusion
The essence of mathematics is not to

make simple things complicated, but
to make complicated things simple.
Stan Gudder

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Aptitude Training

RIZVI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING Guidance for Competitive Examination

Generally placement test on quantitative aptitude will

This topic is main and foundation for placement

Practicing problems on numbers systems not only

RIZVI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING Guidance for Competitive Examination

• Natural No-N={ 1,2,3,4…………………………..}

RIZVI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING Guidance for Competitive Examination

9 - if the sum of the digits of the number is divisible by 9

12 - If the number is divisible by both 3 and 4, it is also divisible by 12.

RIZVI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING Guidance for Competitive Examination

2. Which digits should come in place of @ and # if the

RIZVI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING Guidance for Competitive Examination

What is the common factor in (4743 + 4343) and (4747 + 4347)

RIZVI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING Guidance for Competitive Examination

(a + b)(a - b) = (a2 - b2)

RIZVI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS II

RIZVI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING Guidance for Competitive Examination

a, (a+d), (a+2d), (a+3d), ..... a, (a+d), (a+2d), (a+3d) ,.....

The sum of n terms of this A.P.

Sn = (n2) * [2a +(n − 1) * d]Sn = (n2) ∗ (first term + last term).

Sum of first n even numbers=n(n+1)

RIZVI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS II

RIZVI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING Guidance for Competitive Examination

RIZVI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING Guidance for Competitive Examination

The essence of mathematics is not to

RIZVI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING Guidance for Competitive Examination

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