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Module 3 - File System

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private bravo
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
10 views

Module 3 - File System

Uploaded by

private bravo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 25

UNIX

File System

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Module objectives

After completing this module you will be able to:


• Describe the structure of a typical UNIX File System
• Navigate around a UNIX File System
• Manage files and directories within your home directory
• List attributes of a UNIX file
• Use wildcards to perform tasks on multiple files
• Explain how UNIX controls access to files and directories

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File System

File System

Files and Directories

Wildcards

Permissions

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File System

• Typical UNIX File System structure

/ - root

bin dev etc home usr

User1 – the home directory of


user 1 ~
User2

file1 file2 directory1

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File System

File System

Files and Directories

Wildcards

Permissions

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Files and Directories

• There are three types of files

Regular files
• Contain data, text or program instructions

Directories
• Stores special and regular files

Special files
• Provide access to hardware. For example printers, hard
disks and other devices

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Files and Directories

• Directories

Home Directory ~
• holds users files
/home/judy.marshall

Current Directory - current location


• can be displayed using pwd
• can be referenced by . in commands

Parent Directory - directory above the current directory


• can be referenced by .. in commands

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Files and Directories

• Absolute and relative paths

Absolute path
• specifies the path of a file or directory regardless of the
current location
/var/log/mail

Relative path
• specifies the path of a file or directory which is relative to
the current location
statistics
./statistics
../mail/statistics

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Files and Directories

• Directories

ls /var or ls –l /var/mail or tree /var/tmp

mkdir dirname or mkdir dir2 dir3


mkdir -p dira/dirb

cd dirname or cd .. or cd ~

rmdir dirname (empty directories only)

rm -r dir2

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Files and Directories

• Files

touch filename

cat /etc/passwd

more /etc/passwd or less /etc/passwd

head /etc/passwd or tail /etc/passwd

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Files and Directories

• Files

cp filename newfilename

mv salesFile dir3/2019Sales
mv file1 file2 file3 dira

rm filename

wc /etc/passwd

file /etc/passwd or file /bin/ls

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Files and Directories

• All Files including hidden files

ls -a

• Reverse order

ls -r

• Recursive list

ls -R

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Files and Directories

• Files - inode

ls –i

inode holds information on files such as:


• User and group ownership
• File size
• Access mode (read, write and execute)
• Access times
• Position on disk
• Type of file (regular files, directories)

• Files – long format

ls –l
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Files and Directories
• inode and Long format

ls –il /examples
User
Group Name
Size

411365 drwxrwxr-x 2 root root 4096 Mar 4 2013 dir1


411369 -rwxrwxr-x 1 root root 385 Mar 4 2013 englishMonarchs
393238 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 123 Mar 8 2013 file1
411364 -rwxrwxr-x 1 root root 428 Mar 4 2013 lionsInTheStreet
393236 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 5 Mar 8 2013 lname -> file1
411368 -rw-r--r-- 2 root root 112 Mar 8 2013 name1
411368 -rw-r--r-- 2 root root 112 Mar 8 2013 name2

Hard Links Symbolic Link


inode Number Date last modified
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File System

File System

Files and Directories

Wildcards

Permissions

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Wildcards (Globbing)

• What is globbing?

• Globbing refers to file and directory pattern expansion

• The shell will interpret wildcards and expand them with


matching files before running the command

• Useful to perform a command on several files with similar


names

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Wildcards (Globbing)

• Metacharacters in globbing

* Match zero or more characters

? Match one character

[] Match anything in the [ ] for 1 character position

[a-e] The – is a range separator. This will match a to e

[!0-9] ! = negate. This will match anything except 0 to 9

\ Escape the metacharacter and treat them as a literal

ls .*rc or wc /etc/pa*

ls /dev/tty[0-9] or ls /dev/tty*[0-9]

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File System

File System

Files and Directories

Wildcards

Permissions

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Permissions

• Every file in UNIX has access permissions

Read - r
• read, print and copy

Write - w
• write

Execute - x
• executes files or change into a directory

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Permissions

• Permissions are defined for three types of users

User – owner of the file

Group – users in the same group

Other – the rest of the world

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Permissions

• Permissions are defined for three types of users

ls -l
drwxr-xr-x 2 trainee users 4096 2011-10-25 12:38 dir3

drwxr-xr-x file type: (d) means directory


dash (-)
means regular file
file t
drwxr-xr-x user (owner) permissions

drwxr-xr-x group permissions

drwxr-xr-x others permissions

A dash (-) means no permission for that function


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Permissions

• There are two ways of changing permissions


• Symbolic or Octal mode
• Both use the chmod command Reference Meaning

u Owner

g Group

o Other

a all

chmod u+x dir3/filename


chmod o-r dir3

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Permissions
Octal Text Meaning

• There are two ways of changing permissions 4 r Read


• Symbolic or Octal mode
2 w Write
• Both use the chmod command
1 x Execute

0 No
Permissions
6 rw- Read and
(4+2) write

chmod 751 dir3/filename


chmod 750 dir3

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Questions?

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Module objectives

Now you completed this module you should be able to:


• Describe the structure of a typical UNIX File System
• Navigate around a UNIX File System
• Manage files and directories within your home directory
• List 4 attributes of a UNIX file
• Explain how UNIX controls access to files and directories
• Use wildcards to perform tasks on multiple files

fdmgroup.com

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