Chapter 1

SUSTAINABLE
TOURISM
Learning Objectives
01 02
define sustainability, sustainable explain the principles of sustainable
development, and sustainable tourism;
tourism;
03 04
make a critique of the sustainable explain dimension of sustainable
paradigm; development
Sustainability
 "sustain" means "to cause to continue (as in existence or a
certain state, or in force, or intensity);
(sustainablemeasures.com)
 to keep up, especially without interruption diminution,

flagging, etc.; to prolong (Webster's New International
Dictionary)
 improving the quality of human life while living within the

carrying capacity of supporting eco-systems (IUCN, UNEP,
WWF)
Sustainable
Development
 development that meets the needs of the present generation
without compromising the ability of future generations to
meet their own needs. (Brundtland Commission)
 harmonious integration of a sound and viable economy,
responsible governance, social cohesion, and ecological
integrity, to ensure that development is a life-sustaining
process. (Philippine Agenda 21)
Sustainable Tourism
 the management of all resources in such a way that economic, social, and aesthetic
needs can be fulfilled while maintaining cultural integrity, essential ecological
processes, biological diversity, and life support systems."
 "tourism that takes full account of its current and future economic, social, and
environmental impacts, addressing the needs of visitors, the industry, the
environment, and host communities.
For tourism to be sustainable, it is essential for the following elements to be present:

(1) informed participation of relevant stakeholders,
(2) strong political leadership to ensure wide participation and consensus building,
(3) constant monitoring of impacts and adoption of preventive or corrective measures
when necessary,
(4) maintaining a high level of tourist satisfaction. and providing meaningful
experiences to the tourists, and
(5) raising the tourists' awareness about sustainability issues and sustainable
practices.
Principles of Sustainable Tourism
The 1995 World Conference on Sustainable Tourism held in Lanzarote, Canary
Islands, Spain, spelled out the principles of sustainable tourism as follows:
1. ecologically bearable, economically viable, and ethically and socially equitable for
local communities;
2. guarantees the sustainability of the resources on which it depends;
3. respects the fragile balances that characterize many tourist destinations, in
particular, small islands and environmentally sensitive areas;
4. considers its effects on the cultural heritage and traditional elements, activities, and
dynamics of each local community;
5. supports solidarity, mutual respect, and participation of public and private entities at
the local, national, regional, and international levels;
6. supports cultural, technological, and professional innovation; and integrated
planning and management approach;
7. adopts quality criteria for the preservation of the tourist destination, and the
satisfaction of tourists, as determined jointly with local communities;
Principles of Sustainable Tourism
8. is fully integrated into and contributes positively to local economic development;
9. helps improve the quality of life of all people and enriches the socio-cultural life of
each destination;
10. permits a more equitable distribution of the benefits and burdens of tourism;
11. protects environmentally and culturally vulnerable spaces from high-impact tourism
models;
12. promotes alternative and diversified forms of tourism;
13. promotes the creation of networks that will conduct research, and disseminate
information, and transfer knowledge on sustainable tourism technologies;
14. supports and promotes environmentally-compatible tourism management systems,
feasibility studies for the transformation of the sector, as well as the implementation
of demonstration projects and the development of international cooperation
programs; and
15. calls for the adoption and implementation of codes of conduct that creates
responsible tourism behavior.
SUSTAINABLE TOURISM PARADIGM IN
THE PHILIPPINES
1970’s 1980’s 1990’s

the focus had been on the motivation was saw the advent of
undifferentiated mass still economic but sustainable development as
tourism with tourism being a tourism development
managed like a paradigm
corporation
Tourism Act of 2009 (Republic Act 9593)
the [State]declares tourism as an indispensable element of the

national economy and an industry of national interest and importance,
which must be harnessed as an engine of socio-economic growth and
cultural affirmation to generate investment, foreign exchange, and
employment, and to continue to mold an enhanced sense of national
pride for all Filipinos (Chapter 1, Section 2).,
Framework for understanding the interaction of
the Three Dimensions of
Developments
Development is said to be..
 sustainable when all three dimensions are fulfilled in a balanced

manner.
 viable when there is a balance between environmental and
economic goals;
 equitable when there is a balance between economic and social
goals;
 Live-able/ bearable when there is a balance between environment
and social goals.
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SUSTAINABLE

 to keep up, especially without interruption diminution,

 improving the quality of human life while living within the

For tourism to be sustainable, it is essential for the following elements to be present:

1970’s 1980’s 1990’s

the [State]declares tourism as an indispensable element of the

 sustainable when all three dimensions are fulfilled in a balanced

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