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    Chapter 1-Computer Languages

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    ashwini.k

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    Chapter 1-Computer Languages

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    ashwini.k
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    4 views18 pages

    Chapter 1-Computer Languages

    Uploaded by

    ashwini.k

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 18

    COMPUTER LANGUAGES

    Ashwini K S
    INTRODUCTION
     To explain the computer about how to perform a task, the
    computer programmer writes a set of instructions and it
    is called a program.
     Hence “ A set of instructions written to perform a
    particular task is called a program”
     “Process of writing the program is called
    programming”
     A set of programs written to instruct a computer is
    called the software.
     These programs are written in any computer language.
    TYPES OF COMPUTER LANGUAGES
    FIRST GENERATION LANGUAGE
     It is also known as binary or machine language.
     These binary languages are mostly based on 0&1.

     These languages are quite difficult to understand.

     To develop a program in first generation language is a


    complicated task.
     It is machine dependent language.

     It is also known as low level language (lll).

     The programs written on binary language get executed


    very fast.
    ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
    Advantages Disadvantages

     Fast execution of  Difficult to debug


    program  Machine dependent
     Uses less memory
    SECOND GENERATION LANGUAGE
     These languages are also belong to the category of low
    level language (lll).
     Second generation language were also known as
    assembly language.
     The binary digits o&1 were replaced by some special
    codes known as Mnemonics eg:-sub = -,
    add=+,div=/,sav=save.
     This language is machine dependent language.
    ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
    Advantages Disadvantages

     Uses English words.  Machine dependent


     Easy to locate errors.  Time consuming
    THIRD GENERATION LANGUAGES
     They are also known as high level language (HLL).
     In this the commands written are in simple English
    language.
     Third generation language were portable.

     As the commands written are in simple language so


    special software were develop which are known as
    Language processor.
     For example:-LOGO, PASCAL,COBOL,JAVA etc….
    FEATURES
     it is user friendly
     Machine independent

     Uses English words and mathematical operators.


    FORTH GENERATION LANGUAGES
     As 3rd generation languages were based on certain syntax
    ,which a programmer has to follow during developing a
    program which is known as procedural language.
     To overcome from this problem fourth generation
    language were evolved.
     These programs were written in non-procedural way

     For example SQL, Wave, Python etc…


    FEATURES
     Its more programmer friendly.
     Needs less efforts.

     Possess high speed execution

     Enhances the programming efficiency.


    FIFTH GENERATION LANGUAGES
     5th generation languages are advanced high level
    languages.
     These languages are used in AI research

     Here the language develops the program solution by


    itself.
     The program has to dictate the problem and how the
    solution should look like.
     These languages are still in development.

     Examples of 5GL are Prolog,OPS5 and Mercury.


    TRANSLATORS
    ASSEMBLER

     An assembler translates Assembly language program


    into machine language program.
     The program written in assembly language is called
    source code
     Converted program is called object code
    COMPILER
     A compiler is a program that takes program written high
    level language and translates it into machine language.
     The action of translating the high-level programming
    language code is called compiling.
     The computer takes the program written by user and first
    cheeks for mistakes.
     If there are mistakes , it will show them and then user
    has to correct all the mistakes.
     In computer language mistakes are called errors.

     If there are no mistakes/errors then it converts it into


    computer machine language in one attempt .
    INTERPRETER

     Interpreter is also a program which converts source


    program into machine code/object code.
     Interpreter method of conversion is different from
    compiler.
     It analyses the source program line by line .

     Here the a line of program is analysed, object code is


    created.

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