x64dbg Documentation

x64dbg Documentation
Release 0.1
x64dbg
Dec 29, 2020

Contents
1 Suggested reads 1
1.1 What is x64dbg? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.3 GUI manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
1.4 Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
1.5 Developers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
1.6 Licenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261
2 Indices and tables 277
i
ii
CHAPTER 1
Suggested reads
If you came here because someone told you to read the manual, start by reading all sections of the introduction.
Contents:
1.1 What is x64dbg?
This is a x64/x32 debugger that is currently in active development.

The debugger (currently) has three parts:
• DBG
• GUI
• Bridge
DBG is the debugging part of the debugger. It handles debugging (using TitanEngine) and will provide data for the
GUI.
GUI is the graphical part of the debugger. It is built on top of Qt and it provides the user interaction.
Bridge is the communication library for the DBG and GUI part (and maybe in the future more parts). The bridge can
be used to work on new features, without having to update the code of the other parts.
1.2 Introduction
This section explains the basics of x64dbg. Make sure to fully read this!
Contents:
1
x64dbg Documentation, Release 0.1
1.2.1 Features
This program is currently under active development. It supports many basic and advanced features to ease debugging
on Windows.
Basic features
• Full-featured debugging of DLL and EXE files (TitanEngine Community Edition)

• 32-bit and 64-bit Windows support from Windows XP to Windows 10
• Built-in assembler (XEDParse/Keystone/asmjit)
• Fast disassembler (Zydis)
• C-like expression parser
• Logging
• Notes
• Memory map view
• Modules and symbols view
• Source code view
• Thread view
• Content-sensitive register view
• Call stack view
• SEH view
• Handles, privileges and TCP connections enumeration.
• Multi-datatype memory dump
• Dynamic stack view
• Executable patching
• Dynamically recognize modules and strings
• User database (JSON) for comments, labels, bookmarks, etc.
• Basic debug symbol (PDB) support
• Extendable, debuggable scripting language for automation
• Plugin support with growing API
• Basic anti-debugging
Advanced features
• Decompiler (snowman)
• Import reconstructor integrated (Scylla)
• Analysis
• Conditional breakpoints and tracing with great flexibility
• Collect data while tracing
2 Chapter 1. Suggested reads

GUI features
• Intuitive and familiar, yet new user interface

• IDA-like sidebar with jump arrows
• IDA-like instruction token highlighter (highlight registers, commands, etc.)
• Fully customizable color scheme and short-cut keys
• Control flow graph
• Integrated mnemonic and registers help
• Code folding
• Easy integration with custom tools (favourites menu)
1.2.2 Input
When using x64dbg you can often use various things as input.
Commands
Commands have the following format:
command arg1, arg2, argN
Variables
Variables optionally start with a $ and can only store one DWORD (QWORD on x64).
Registers
All registers (of all sizes) can be used as variables.
Remarks
• The variable names for most registers are the same as the names for them, except for the following registers:
• x87 Control Word Flag: The flags for this register is named like this: _x87CW_UM
• In addition to the registers in the architecture, x64dbg provides the following registers: CAX , CBX , CCX , CDX
, CSP , CBP , CSI , CDI , CIP. These registers are mapped to 32-bit registers on 32-bit platform, and to 64-bit
registers on 64-bit platform. For example, CIP is EIP on 32-bit platform, and is RIP on 64-bit platform. This
feature is intended to support architecture-independent code.
Memory locations
You can read/write from/to a memory location by using one of the following expressions:
• [addr] read a DWORD/QWORD from addr.
• n:[addr] read n bytes from addr.
1.2. Introduction 3
• seg:[addr] read a DWORD/QWORD from a segment at addr.

• byte:[addr] read a BYTE from addr.
• word:[addr] read a WORD from addr.
• dword:[addr] read a DWORD from addr.
• qword:[addr] read a QWORD from addr (x64 only).
Remarks
• n is the amount of bytes to read, this can be anything smaller than 4 on x32 and smaller than 8 on x64 when
specified, otherwise there will be an error.
• seg can be gs, es, cs, fs, ds, ss. Only fs and gs have an effect.
Flags
Debug flags (interpreted as integer) can be used as input. Flags are prefixed with an _ followed by the flag name. Valid
flags are: _cf, _pf, _af, _zf, _sf, _tf, _if, _df, _of, _rf, _vm, _ac, _vif, _vip and _id.
Numbers
All numbers are interpreted as hex by default! If you want to be sure, you can x or 0x as a prefix. Decimal numbers
can be used by prefixing the number with a dot: .123=7B.
Expressions
See the expressions section for more information.
Labels/Symbols
User-defined labels and symbols are a valid expressions (they resolve to the address of said label/symbol).
Module Data
DLL exports
Type GetProcAddress and it will automatically be resolved to the actual address of the function. To explicitly
define from which module to load the API, use: [module].dll:[api] or [module]:[api]. In a similar way
you can resolve ordinals, try [module]:[ordinal]. Another macro allows you to get the loaded base of a module.
When [module] is an empty string :GetProcAddress for example, the module that is currently selected in the
CPU will be used.
Loaded module bases
If you want to access the loaded module base, you can write: [module]:0, [module]:base,
[module]:imagebase or [module]:header.

RVA/File offset
If you want to access a module RVA you can either write [module]:0+[rva] or you can write
[module]:$[rva]. If you want to convert a file offset to a VA you can use [module]:#[offset]. When
[module] is an empty string :0 for example, the module that is currently selected in the CPU will be used.
Module entry points
To access a module entry point you can write [module]:entry, [module]:oep or [module]:ep. Notice that
when there are exports with the names entry, oep or ep the address of these will be returned instead.
Remarks
Instead of the : delimiter you can also use a . If you need to query module information such as
[module]:imagebase or [module]:entry you are advised to use a ? as delimiter instead: [module]?
entry. The ? delimiter does checking for named exports later, so it will still work when there is an export called
entry in the module.
Last words
Input for arguments can always be done in any of the above forms, except if stated otherwise.
1.2.3 Expressions
The debugger allows usage of basic expressions. Just type an expression in the command window and the result will
be displayed in the console. Apart from calculations, it allows quick variable changes using a C-like syntax.
Input
The basic input (numbers/variables) can be used as constants in expressions, see Input for more information.
Operators
You can use the following operators in your expression. They are processed in the following order:
1. parentheses/brackets: (1+2), [1+6] have priority over other operations.
2. unary minus/binary not/logical not: -1 (negative 1), ~1 (binary not of 1), !0 (logical not of 0).
3. multiplication/division: 2*3 (regular multiplication), 2`3 (gets high part of the multiplication), 6/3 (regular
division), 5%3 (modulo/remainder of the division).
4. addition/subtraction: 1+3 (addition), 5-2 (subtraction).
5. left/right shift/rotate: 1<<2 (shift left, shl for unsigned, sal for signed), 10>>1 (shift right, shl for unsigned, sal
for signed), 1<<<2 (rotate left), 1>>>2 (rotate right).
6. smaller (equal)/bigger (equal): 4<10, 3>6, 1<=2, 6>=7 (resolves to 1 if true, 0 if false).
7. equal/not equal: 1==1, 2!=6 (resolves to 1 if true, 0 if false).
8. binary and: 12&2 (regular binary and).
1.2. Introduction 5
9. binary xor: 2^1 (regular binary xor).

10. binary or: 2|8 (regular binary or).
11. logical and: 0&&3 (resolves to 1 if true, 0 if false).
12. logical or: 0||3 (resolves to 1 if true, 0 if false).
13. logical implication: 0->1 (resolved to 1 if true, 0 if false).
Quick-Assigning
Changing memory, a variable, register or flag can be easily done using a C-like syntax:
• a?=b where ? can be any non-logical operator. a can be any register, flag, variable or memory location. b can
be anything that is recognized as an expression.
• a++/a-- where a can be any register, flag, variable or memory location.
Functions
You can use functions in expressions. See Expression Functions for the documentation of these functions.
1.2.4 Expression Functions
You may use functions in an expression. The following functions are defined by the debugger:
GUI Interaction
• disasm.sel()/dis.sel() : Get the selected address in the disassembly view.

• dump.sel() : Get the selected address in the dump view.
• stack.sel() : Get the selected address in the stack view.
Source
• src.disp(addr) : Get displacement of addr relative to last source line.

• src.line(addr) : Get the source line number of addr.
Modules
• mod.party(addr) : Get the party number of the module addr. 0 is user module, 1 is system module.
• mod.base(addr) : Get the base address of the module addr.
• mod.size(addr) : Get the size of the module addr.
• mod.hash(addr) : Get the hash of the module addr.
• mod.entry(addr) : Get the entry address of the module addr.
• mod.system(addr) : True if the module at addr is a system module. False: module is a user module.
• mod.user(addr) : True if the module at addr is a user module. False: module is NOT a user module.
• mod.main() : Returns the base of the main module (debuggee). If this is a DLL it will return 0 until loaded.

• mod.rva(addr) : Get the RVA of addr. If addr is not inside a module it will return 0.
• mod.offset(addr) : Get the file offset of addr. If addr is not inside a module it will return 0.
• mod.isexport(addr) : True if addr is an exported function from a module.
Process Information
• peb() : Get PEB address.

• teb() : Get TEB address.
• tid() : Get the current thread ID.
General Purpose
• bswap(value) : Byte-swap value. For example, bswap(44332211) = 0x11223344.

• ternary(condition, val1, val2) : If condition is nonzero, return val1, otherwise return val2.
• GetTickCount() : Tick count of x64dbg.
Memory
• mem.valid(addr) : True if addr is a valid memory address.

• mem.base(addr) : Returns the base of the memory page of addr (can change depending on your memory
map mode).
• mem.size(addr) : Returns the size of the memory page of addr (can change depending on your memory
map mode).
• mem.iscode(addr) : True if addr is a page that is executable.
• mem.decodepointer(ptr) : Equivalent to calling the DecodePointer API on ptr, only works on
Vista+.
Disassembly
• dis.len(addr) : Get the length of the instruction at addr.

• dis.iscond(addr) : True if the instruction at addr is a conditional branch.
• dis.isbranch(addr) : True if the instruction at addr is a branch (jcc/call).
• dis.isret(addr) : True if the instruction at addr is a ret.
• dis.iscall(addr) : True if the instruction at addr is a call.
• dis.ismem(addr) : True if the instruction at addr has a memory operand.
• dis.isnop(addr) : True if the instruction at addr is equivalent to a NOP.
• dis.isunusual(addr) : True if the instruction at addr is unusual.
• dis.branchdest(addr) : Branch destination of the instruction at addr (what it follows if you press enter
on it).
• dis.branchexec(addr) : True if the branch at addr is going to execute.
• dis.imm(addr) : Immediate value of the instruction at addr.
1.2. Introduction 7
• dis.brtrue(addr) : Branch destination of the instruction at addr.

• dis.brfalse(addr) : Address of the next instruction if the instruction at addr is a conditional branch.
• dis.next(addr) : Address of the next instruction from addr.
• dis.prev(addr) : Address of the previous instruction from addr.
• dis.iscallsystem(addr) : True if the instruction at addr goes to a system module.
Trace record
• tr.enabled(addr) : True if the trace record is enabled at addr.

• tr.hitcount(addr) : Number of hits on the trace record at addr.
• tr.runtraceenabled() : True if run trace is enabled.
Byte/Word/Dword/Qword/Ptr
• ReadByte(addr),Byte(addr),byte(addr) : Read a byte from addr and return the value. Example:
byte(eax) reads a byte from memory location [eax].
• ReadWord(addr),Word(addr),word(addr) : Read a word (2 bytes) from addr and return the value.
• ReadDword(addr),Dword(addr),dword(addr) : Read a dword (4 bytes) from addr and return the
value.
• ReadQword(addr),Qword(addr),qword(addr) : Read a qword (8 bytes) from addr and return the
value (only available on x64).
• ReadPtr(addr),ReadPointer(addr),ptr(addr),Pointer(addr),pointer(addr) : Read a
pointer (4/8 bytes) from addr and return the value.
Functions
• func.start() : Return start of the function addr is part of, zero otherwise.
• func.end() : Return end of the function addr is part of, zero otherwise.
References
• ref.count() : Number of entries in the current reference view.

• ref.addr(index) : Get the address of the reference at index. Zero on failure.
Arguments
This assumes the return address is on the stack (eg you are inside the function).
• arg.get(index) : Gets the argument at index (zero-based).
• arg.set(index, value) : Sets the argument at index (zero-based) to value.

Exceptions
This is a set of functions to get information about the last exception. They can be used for exceptions breakpoints to
construct more advanced conditions.
• ex.firstchance() : Whether the last exception was a first chance exception.
• ex.addr() : Last exception address.
• ex.code() : Last exception code.
• ex.flags() : Last exception flags.
• ex.infocount() : Last exception information count (number of parameters).
• ex.info(index) : Last exception information, zero if index is out of bounds.
Plugins
Plugins can register their own expression functions. See the plugin documentation for more details.
1.2.5 Variables
This program supports variables. There are three types of variables:

• USER: Variables created by the user using the var command. These variables have no access restrictions.
• SYSTEM: Variables created by the system, that can be read and written, but cannot be deleted.
• READONLY: Variables created by the system, that can be read, but not written or deleted.
Reserved Variables
There are a few reserved variables:

• $res/$result: General result variable.
• $resN/$resultN: Optional other result variables (N= 1-4).
• $pid: Process ID of the debugged executable.
• $hp/$hProcess: Debugged executable handle.
• $lastalloc: Last result of the alloc command.
• $breakpointcondition : Controls the pause behaviour in the conditional breakpoint command.
• $breakpointcounter : The hit counter of the breakpoint, set before the condition of the conditional break-
point is evaluated.
• $breakpointlogcondition : The log condition of the conditional breakpoint. It cannot be used to control
the logging behavoiur.
1.2.6 Conditional Breakpoints
This section describes the conditional breakpoint capability in x64dbg.
1.2. Introduction 9
Operations overview
When a breakpoint is hit, x64dbg will do the following things:

• If the breakpoint is an exception breakpoint, set the system variable $breakpointexceptionaddress to
the exception address;
• Increment the hit counter;
• Set the system variable $breakpointcounter to the value of hit counter;
• If break condition is set, evaluate the expression (defaults to 1);
• If fast resume is set and break condition evaluated to 0:
– Resume execution of the debuggee (skip the next steps). This will also skip executing plugin callbacks and
GUI updates.
• If log condition is set, evaluate the expression (defaults to 1);
• If command condition is set, evaluate the expression (defaults to break condition);
• If break condition evaluated to 1 (or any value other than ‘0’):
– Print the standard log message; (if the breakpoint is set to be silent, standard log message is supressed.)
– Execute plugin callbacks.
• If log text is set and log condition evaluated to 1 (or any value other than ‘0’):
– Format and print the log text (see String Formatting).
• If command text is set and command condition evaluated to 1:
– Set the system variable $breakpointcondition to the break condition;
– Set the system variable $breakpointlogcondition to the log condition;
– Execute the command in command text;
– The break condition will be set to the value of $breakpointcondition. So if you modify this system
variable in the script, you will be able to control whether the debuggee would break.
• If break condition evaluated to 1 (or any value other than ‘0’):
– Break the debuggee and wait for the user to resume.
If any expression is invalid, the condition will be triggered (That is, an invalid expression as condition will cause the
breakpoint to always break, log and execute command).
Hit counter
A hit counter records how many times a breakpoint has been reached. It will be incremented unconditionally, even
if fast resume is enabled on this breakpoint. It may be viewed at breakpoint view and reset with ResetBreakpointHit-
Count.
Logging
The log can be formatted by x64dbg to log the current state of the program. See formatting on how to format the log
string.

Notes
You can set a conditional breakpoint with GUI by setting a software breakpoint(key F2) first, then right-click on the
instruction and select “Edit breakpoint” command from the context menu. Fill in the conditional expression and/or
other information as necessary, then confirm and close the dialog.
You should not use commands that can change the running state of the debuggee (such as run) inside the breakpoint
command, because these commands are unstable when used here. You can use break condition, command condition
or $breakpointcondition instead.
Examples
A conditional breakpoint which never breaks

break condition: 0 (Useful if you only want to execute command or log data, but not pause the debuggee)
A conditional breakpoint which breaks only if EAX and ECX both equal to 1
break condition: EAX==1 && ECX==1
A conditional breakpoint which breaks only if the first argument is 1
break condition: arg.get(0)==1
A conditional breakpoint which breaks only if EAX is a valid address
break condition: mem.valid(EAX)
A conditional breakpoint which breaks on the third hit
break condition: $breakpointcounter==3 or ($breakpointcounter%3)==0
A conditional breakpoint which breaks only if executed by the thread 1C0
break condition: tid()==1C0
Comparison with Conditional Tracing
A conditional breakpoint can only pause the debuggee when it is executed. It cannot pause the debuggee when the
breakpoint is not hit even if the condition is satisfied. If you don’t know where the condition will become true, try
conditional tracing instead!
See also
• Conditional Breakpoint Control

• Expressions
• Expression Functions
• String Formatting
1.2.7 Conditional Tracing
This section describes the conditional tracing capability in x64dbg.
1.2. Introduction 11
Operations overview
When a trace step is hit, x64dbg will do the following things:

• Increment the trace counter;
• Set the system variable $tracecounter to the value of trace counter;
• If break condition is set, evaluate the expression (defaults to 0);
• Execute plugin callbacks (allowing plugins to change the break condition);
• If log condition is set, evaluate the expression (defaults to 1);
• If command condition is set, evaluate the expression (defaults to break condition);
• If switch condition is set, evaluate the expression (defaults to 0)
• If log text is set and log condition evaluated to 1:
– Format and print the log text (see String Formatting). To redirect the log to a file use TraceSetLogFile.
• If command text is set and command condition evaluated to 1:
– Set the system variable $tracecondition to the break condition;
– Set the system variable $tracelogcondition to the log condition;
– Set the system variable $traceswitchcondition to the switch condition;
– Execute the command in command text;
– The break condition will be set to the value of $tracecondition. So if you modify this system variable
in the script, you will be able to control whether the debuggee would break.
– The switch condition will be set to the value of $traceswitchcondition. So if you modify this
system variable in the script, you will be able to control whether the step type is switched.
• If break condition evaluated to 1:
– Print the standard log message;
– Break the debuggee and wait for the user to resume.
• If switch condition evaluated to 1:
– Switch (invert) the step type. If you are tracing in it will switch to out (and the other way around). This
allows you to for example not trace into system module calls with the condition mod.party(dis.
branchdest(cip)) == 1 or not trace into certain calls.
In addition to the above operations, x64dbg also updates the run trace in the trace view and the trace record. The
updates to the run trace in the trace view and the trace record are performed every time the debuggee is paused or
traced, not just limited to conditional tracing.
Logging
The log can be formatted by x64dbg to log the current state of the program. See formatting on how to format the log
string. If you are looking for logging the address and disassembly of all instructions traced you can use {p:cip}
{i:cip}. To redirect the log to a file use TraceSetLogFile, or via the graphical dialog.
An alternative way to record all instruction traced in the trace view is by enabling run trace. Right click in the trace
view and click Start Run Trace, then start tracing.

Trace record
If you use one of the trace record-based tracing options such as TraceIntoBeyondTraceRecord, the initial evaluation of
break condition includes the type of trace record tracing that you specified. The normal break condition can be used
to break before the trace record condition is satisfied. If you want to include trace record in your condition for full
control, you can use the expression functions.
Notes
You can start a conditional tracing by “Trace over until condition”/”Trace into until condition” commands in the Debug
menu.
You should not use commands that can change the running state of the debuggee (such as run) inside the breakpoint
command, because these commands are unstable when used here. You can use break condition, command condition
or $tracecondition instead.
When you use Trace Over, the debuggee would not be paused inside the calls that has been stepped over, even if the
condition is true. Also other operations, such as logging and trace record, are not executed. This makes tracing faster,
but if these operations are desired you should use Trace Into.
See also
• Tracing
• Expressions
• Expression Functions
• String Formatting
1.2.8 String Formatting
This section explains the simple string formatter built into x64dbg.
The basic syntax is {?:expression} where ? is the optional type of the expression. The default type is x. To
output { or } in the result, escape them as {{ or }}.
Types
• d signed decimal: -3
• u unsigned decimal: 57329171
• p zero prefixed pointer: 0000000410007683
• s string pointer: this is a string
• x hex: 3C28A
• a address info: 00401010 <module.EntryPoint>
• i instruction text: jmp 0x77ac3c87
1.2. Introduction 13
Complex Type
{mem;size@address} will print the size bytes starting at address in hex.

{winerror@code} will print the name of windows error code(returned with GetLastError()) and the descrip-
tion of it(with FormatMessage). It is similar to ErrLookup utility.
{ntstatus@code} will print the name of NTSTATUS error code and the description of it(with
FormatMessage).
{ascii[;length]@address} will print the ASCII string at address with an optional length (in bytes).
{ansi[;length]@address} will print the ANSI string at address with an optional length (in bytes).
{utf8[;length]@address} will print the UTF-8 string at address with an optional length (in bytes).
{utf16[;length]@address} will print the UTF-16 string at address with an optional length (in words).
{disasm@address} will print the disassembly at address (equivalent to {i:address}).
{modname@address} will print the name of the module at address.
{bswap[;size]@value} will byte-swap value for a specified size (size of pointer per default).
Examples
• rax: {rax} formats to rax: 4C76

• password: {s:4*ecx+0x402000} formats to password: L"s3cret"
• {x:bswap(rax)} where rax=0000000078D333E0 formats to E033D37800000000 because of bswap
fun which reverse the hex value
• {bswap;4@rax} where rax=1122334455667788 formats to 88776655
Logging
When using the log command you should put quotes around the format string (log "{mem;8@rax}") to avoid
ambiguity with the ; (which separates two commands). See https://github.com/x64dbg/x64dbg/issues/1931 for more
details.
Plugins
Plugins can use _plugin_registerformatfunction to register custom string formatting functions. The syn-
tax is {type;arg1;arg2;argN@expression} where type is the name of the registered function, argN is
any string (these are passed to the formatting function as arguments) and expression is any valid expression.
1.2.9 Command line
x64dbg supports the following command line:

• 1 argument: x64dbg filename.exe will debug filename.exe.
• 2 arguments: x64dbg -p PID will attach to the process with PID PID.
• 2 arguments: x64dbg filename.exe cmdline will debug filename.exe with cmdline as com-
mand line.

• 3 arguments: x64dbg filename.exe cmdline currentdir will debug filename.exe with

cmdline as command line and currentdir as current directory.
1.2.10 Inability
This section gives a list of features currently not supported in x64dbg. You are always welcome to contribute to x64dbg
to help fixing them.
• Fine-grained memory breakpoint. Unlike other debuggers, memory breakpoint is supported only on a whole
memory page, but not on a subrange of the memory page.
• Search for non-English strings. Searching for non-English strings via the built-in strings search may not be able
to find all the non-English strings. Update: x64dbg now provides support for non-English strings through
a generic algorithm.
• Other pending issues at issues.x64dbg.com.
1.3 GUI manual
This section describes the usage of the program’s graphical interface.

Contents:
1.3.1 Menus
This section describes menus in the GUI.

Content:
File
The file menu contains the following entries:
Open
The Open action lets you open an executable to debug it. The file can be an EXE file or a DLL file.
The command for this action is InitDebug/initdbg/init.
Recent Files
The Recent Files submenu contains several entries that you previously debugged. It does not include any file that
cannot be debugged by the program.
The entries for this submenu can be found in the Recent Files section of the config INI file. You can edit that file
to remove entries.
1.3. GUI manual 15

Attach
Attach lets you attach to a running process. It will show a dialog listing the running processes, and allow you to choose
one to attach. Currently you can only attach to an executable that is of the same architecture as the program. (eg, you
cannot attach to a 64-bit process with x32dbg)
If you are debugging an executable, attaching to another process will terminate the previous debuggee.
The command for this action is AttachDebugger/attach.
Detach
This action will detach the debugger from the debuggee, allowing the debuggee to run without being controlled by the
debugger. You cannot execute this action when you are not debugging.
The command for this action is DetachDebugger/detach.
Import database
This allows you to import a database.

The relevant command for this action is dbload/loaddb.
Export database
This allows you to export an uncompressed database.

The relevant command for this action is dbsave/savedb.
Patch file
Opens the patch dialog. You can view your patches and apply the patch to a file in the dialog.
Restart as Admin
It will restart x64dbg and the current debuggee with administrator privilege.
Exit
Terminate the debugger. If any process is being debugged by this program, they are going to be terminated as well.
Debug
This menu contains the following actions. You cannot use any of these menu items except “Restart” and “Command”
when you are not debugging.
Run
Execute the command run/go/r/g.

Run (Pass exceptions)
Execute the command erun/ego/er/eg.
Run (swallow exception)
Execute the command serun/sego.
Run until selection
Place a single-shoot software breakpoint at the selected instruction, and then execute the command run/go/r/g to run
the debuggee.
Run until expression
Enter an address. The debugger will then place a software breakpoint at that address, and then execute the command
run/go/r/g to run the debuggee.
Pause
Try to pause the debuggee when it is running, or try to stop animation. The command for this action is pause.
Restart
Execute the command InitDebug/initdbg/init with the most recent used file.
Close
Execute the command StopDebug/stop/dbgstop.
Change Command Line
Display the current command line arguments of the debuggee in a dialog, and allow you to change it. The command
line arguments will be saved in the database for later use.
Step Into
Execute the command StepInto/sti.
Step Into (pass exceptions)
Execute the command eStepInto/esti.
1.3. GUI manual 17

Step Into (swallow exception)
Execute the command seStepInto/sesti.
Step Into (source)
Step into, until another source line is reached. The command for this menu entry is TraceIntoConditional
src.line(cip) && !src.disp(cip).
Trace into until condition
Enter an expression. The debugger will execute the command TraceIntoConditional/ticnd. Also see Expressions for
the legal expression format.
Animate into
Execute StepInto/sti command at a steady frequency automatically.
Step Over
Execute the command StepOver/step/sto/st.
Step Over (pass exceptions)
Execute the command eStepOver/estep/esto/est.
Step Over (swallow exception)
Execute the command seStepOver/sestep/sesto/sest.
Step Over (source)
Step over, until another source line is reached. The command for this menu entry is TraceOverConditional
src.line(cip) && !src.disp(cip).
Run to User Code
Execute the command RunToUserCode/rtu.
Trace over until condition
Enter an expression. The debugger will execute the command TraceOverConditional/tocnd. Also see Expressions for
the legal expression format.

Animate over
Execute StepOver/step/sto/st command at a steady frequency automatically.
Execute till return
Step over the instructions, until the current instruction pointed to by EIP or RIP is ret instruction.
The command for this action is StepOut/rtr.
Execute till return (pass exceptions)
Step over the instructions, until the current instruction pointed to by EIP or RIP is ret instruction. This instruction
passes first-chance exceptions to the debuggee but swallows second-chance exceptions.
The command for this action is eStepOut/ertr.
Skip next instruction
Execute the command skip.
Animate command
Pop up a dialog to enter a command, and execute that command at a steady frequency.
Trace Record
Undo last instruction
Execute the command InstrUndo.
Command
Set focus to the command box at the bottom of the window, so that you can enter a command to execute.
Hide debugger (PEB)
Execute the command HideDebugger/dbh/hide.
Plugins
This menu includes all the available plugin menus. When you install a plugin, it may register a menu here. You can
refer to the documentation of the plugin for more information.
1.3. GUI manual 19

Scylla
Launch scylla.
Favourites
This menu is customizable. When you click “Manage Favourite Tools” menu entry, a dialog will appear. You can add
your custom tools to the menu, and also assign hotkeys to them. By default the path of the tool or script will appear in
the menu, but if you set description of it, the description will appear in the menu instead.
• If you add %PID% in the command line of a tool, it will be replaced with the (decimal) PID of the debuggee (or
0 if not debugging).
• If you add %DEBUGGEE% it will add the (unquoted) full path of the debuggee.
• If you add %MODULE% it will add the (unquoted) full path of the module currently in the disassembly.
• If you add %-????-% it will perform String Formatting on whatever you put in place of ????. Example:
%-{cip}-% will be replaced with the hex value of cip.
Currently, three types of entries may be inserted into this menu: Tool, Script and Command.
See also:
You can also add entries to this menu via the following commands:
AddFavouriteCommand
AddFavouriteTool
AddFavouriteToolShortcut/SetFavouriteToolShortcut
Options
The options menu contains the following entries:
Preferences
Show the Settings dialog. You can modify various settings in the dialog.
Appearance
Show the Appearance dialog. You can customize the color scheme or font in the dialog.
Shortcuts
Show the Shortcuts dialog. You can customize the shortcut keys for most of the operations.
Customize Menus
Show the “Customize menus” dialog. You can click on the nodes to expand the corresponding menu and check or
uncheck the menu items. Checked item will appear in “More commands” section of the menu, to shorten the menu
displayed. You can check all menu entries that you don’t use.

Topmost
Keep the main window above other windows(or stop staying topmost).
Reload style.css
Reload style.css file. If this file is present, new color scheme specified in this file will be applied.
Set Initialization Script
Set a initialization script globally or for the debuggee. If a global initialization script is specified, it will be executed
when the program is at the system breakpoint or the attach breakpoint for every debuggee. If a per-debuggee initializa-
tion script is specified, it will be executed after the global initialization script finishes. You can clear the script setting
by clearing the file path and click “OK” in the browse dialog.
Import settings
Import settings from another configuration file. The corresponding entries in the configuration file will override the
current configuration, but the missing entries will stay unmodified.
Languages
Allow the user to choose a language for the program. “American English - United States” is the native language for
the program.
Help
This section describes the help menu.
Calculator
Show a calculator that can perform expression evaluation, hex to decimal conversion and more.
Check for updates
Connect to the server to query if an updated version of this software is available.
Donate
Donate to the developer team.
Blog
Visit the official blog.
1.3. GUI manual 21

Report Bug
Report a bug about this software.
Manual
The article you are reading.
FAQ
View the solution of some frequently asked question.
About
Information about this software.
Generate crash dump
Generate an exception to generate a crash dump. This may help if the software encounters a deadlock. You can submit
this crash dump to the developer team to help them fix the bug.
1.3.2 Views
This section describes the usage of the views in the user interface.
Content:
CPU
This view is the main view. It includes the registers view, the disassembly view, the dump view and the watch view,
the stack view, and the info box.
Graph
Graph view contains the control flow graph. When you use graph command or context menu in the disassembly view
(Default hotkey G), it will show the control flow graph here.
There are two modes to show the control flow graph: Normal mode and overview mode.
In overview mode, the program will draw all the control flow graph within the window area, but not output the
disassembly. When the first instruction is traced when trace record is enabled on this memory page, the whole basic
block will be shown in a different color (Default is green).
The graph view is now part of CPU view.

Log
This view includes all the log messages. When an address is output in the log message, it will be shown as a hyperlink.
You can click on it to follow it in disassembly or in dump, depending on its memory access rights.
The log view has the following context menu:
Clear
Clear the log view.
Select All
Select all the text of the log.
Copy
Copy the selected text.
Save
Save the log to a text file.
Disable Logging/Enable Logging
Disables or enables log output. When the logging is disabled, no more messages will output to the log.
Auto scroll
Enables or disables auto-scrolling. When enabled, the log view will scroll to the bottom as new log messages are
coming in.
Redirect Log
Redirect log message to a file. If you enable this feature, all the messages will be saved to a UTF-16 encoded text file.
The message will be saved to the text file no matter whether logging is enabled.
Disable Log Redirection
This menu entry is valid only if the log redirection is active. It stops log redirection.
1.3. GUI manual 23

Notes
Notes view have two text fields to edit, one globally and one for the debuggee. Any text entered here will be saved,
and will be restored in future debugging sessions, so the user can make notes conveniently. Global notes will be stored
in “notes.txt” under the working directory. Debuggee notes will be stored in the debug database. You cannot edit
per-debuggee notes while not debugging.
Call Stack
Call stack view displays the call stack of the current thread. It has 6 columns.
Address is the base address of the stack frame.
To is the address of the code that is going to return to.
From is the probable address of the routine that is going to return.
Size is the size of the call stack frame, in bytes.
Comment is a brief description of the call stack frame.
Party describes whether the procedure that is going to return to, is a user module or a system module.
When Show suspected call stack frame option in the context menu in call stack view is active, it will search through
the entire stack for possible return addresses. When it is inactive, it will use standard stack walking algorithm to get
the call stack. It will typically get more results when Show suspected call stack frame option is active, but some of
which may not be actual call stack frames.
Trace
Trace view is a view in which you can see history of stepped instructions. This lets you examine the details of each
instruction stepped when you are stepping manually or tracing automatically, or view a trace history previously saved.
This functionality must be enabled explicitly from trace view or CPU view. It features saving all the instructions,
registers and memory accesses during a trace.
You can double-click on columns to perform quick operation:
• Index: follow in disassembly.
• Address: toggle RVA display mode.
• Opcode: toggle breakpoint.
• Disassembly: follow in disassembly.
• Comments: set comments.
Start Run Trace
To enable trace logging into trace view, you first enable it via “Start Run Trace” menu. It will pop up a dialog
allowing you to save the recorded instructions into a file. The default location of this file is in the database directory.
Once started, every instruction you stepped or traced will appear immediately in Trace view. Instructions executed
while the debuggee is running or stepping over will not appear here.
Stop Run Trace
This menu can stop recording instructions.

Close
Close current trace file and clear the trace view.
Close and delete
Close current trace file and clear the trace view, and also delete current trace file from disk.
Open
Open a trace file to view the content of it. It can be used when not debugging, but it is recommended that you debug
the corresponding debuggee when viewing a trace, as it will be able to render the instructions with labels from the
database of the debuggee. The debugger will show a warning if you want to load a trace file which is not recorded
from currently debugged executable.
Recent files
Open a recent file to view the content of it.
Search
Constant
Search for the user-specified constant in the entire recorded trace, and record the occurances in references view.
Memory Reference
Search for memory accesses to the user-specified address.
Toggle Auto Disassembly Scroll
When turned on, the disassembly view in the CPU view will automatically follow the EIP or RIP of selected instruction
in trace view.
1.3.3 Settings
This section describes the settings dialog and each setting in the dialog. All the settings with “*” mark do not take
effect until next start.
Contents:
Events
This page contains a list of debug events. You can specify whether the program should pause when the debug events
happen.
1.3. GUI manual 25

System Breakpoint
This event happens when the process is being initialized but have not begun to execute user code yet.
TLS Callbacks
Set a single-shoot breakpoint on the TLS callbacks when a module is loaded to pause at the TLS callback.
Entry Breakpoint
Set a single-shoot breakpoint on the entry of the EXE module to pause at the entry point.
DLL Entry
Set a single-shoot breakpoint on the entry of the DLL module to pause at the entry point.
Attach Breakpoint
This event happens when the process is successfully attached.
Thread Entry
Set a single-shoot breakpoint on the entry of the thread when a thread is about to run.
DLL Load
Pause when a DLL is mapped to the address space.
DLL Unload
Pause when a DLL is unmapped from the address space.
Thread Start
Pause when a new thread is about to run.
Thread End
Pause when a thread has exited.
Debug Strings
Pause when a debug string is emitted by the debuggee.

Exceptions
This page contains a list of ignored exceptions. When a listed first-chance exception occurs, x64dbg will pass that
exception to the debuggee without pausing.
Add Range
You can specify a range of exception codes to ignore. The input is hexadecimal.
Delete Range
Delete an ignored exception range, so that it will not be ignored.
Add Last
Add the last exception to the list.
GUI
This section describes various settings in the GUI tab.
Show FPU registers as little endian
Some FPU registers, especially SSE and AVX registers, are usually used to perform parallel computation. Using little
endian helps to correspond floating point numbers to their index in memory arrays. However, big endian representation
are more familiar to most users. This option can set whether FPU registers are shown as little endian or as big endian.
You also edit the FPU registers in the endianness set here.
Save GUI layout and column orders
Allow column order, width and layout of some views, to be saved in the config file. Note that not all views support
this option. Currently, this option has not been implemented in the CPU view.
Don’t show close dialog
Do not show the close dialog when the debugger exits.
Show PID in HEX
Show PID in hexadecimal in the attach dialog. If not set, it will use decimal, just like in the Task Manager.
Enable Load/Save Tab Order
Allow x64dbg to load and save tab order. If not set, x64dbg will always use the default tab order.
1.3. GUI manual 27

Show Watch Labels in Side Bar
When you add a watched variable in the watch view, a label with the name of the watched variable can appear in the
side bar of the disassembly view if the address is in the sight. They just look like labels for registers. This label might
help you understand the operation and progress of a self modifying routine. If disabled, no labels will be added in the
side bar for watched variables.
Do not call SetForegroundWindow
When a debug event occurs, x64dbg will focus itself so you can view the state of the debuggee. In some circumstances
this might not be desired. This option can be used to tell x64dbg not to focus itself when a debug event occurs.
Show RVA addresses in graph view
When enabled in graph view the offset addresses are shown in front of the disassembly.
Graph zoom mode
Allows to zoom graph view by holding and turning the mousewheel up and down. Note: Press G on the CPU tab press
G to open graph view
Show exit confirmation dialog
When enabled the dialog “The debuggee is still running and will be terminated if you exit. Do you really want to
exit?” is shown when you exit x64dbg but it’s still attached to some process for debugging.
Disable auto completion in goto dialog
Here you can turn of the auto completion that will suggest words as soon you start typing in the “Enter expression”
dialog. Go to/expression from the right click context menu will bring up the “Enter expression” dialog. Note: That
stting will be handy in case there are delays when typing.
Show ASCII/Unicode in address dump mode
When enabled the column “ASCII” is added to the dump panels. Furthermore the view mode(right click) must be set
to “Address” to see this effect. Note: The column “ASCII” must not be hidden. Right click on column header to bring
up the ‘Edit column’ dialog to check. ^^ Note from the doc contributor: However please don’t ask why there is an
option here when there is also that ‘Edit column’ dialog that does nearly the same thing.
Other settings
These settings do not appear in settings dialog, nor can they be changed in x64dbg GUI elsewhere, but can be modified
by editing the INI configuration file.

Engine
AnimateInterval
If set to a value of milliseconds, animation will proceed every specified milliseconds.

Update: This setting has been added into settings dialog, and previous lower limit of 20ms has been removed.
MaxSkipExceptionCount
If set (default is 10000), during a run that ignores first-chance exceptions(example, erun), it will only ignore that
specified number of first-chance exceptions. After that the debuggee will pause when one more first-chance exception
happens. If set to 0 first-chance exceptions will always be ignored during such runs.
Gui
NonprintReplaceCharacter
If set to a Unicode value, dump view will use this character to represent nonprintable characters, instead of the default
”.”
NullReplaceCharacter
If set to a Unicode value, dump view will use this character to represent null characters, instead of the default ”.”
Misc
AnimateIgnoreError
Set to 1 to ignore errors while animating, so animation will continue when an error in the animated command occurs.
NoSeasons
Set to 1 to disable easter eggs and Christmas icons.
1.3.4 Dialogs
This sections describes the dialogs in x64dbg graphical user interface.

Contents:
Entropy
This dialog contains a graph that displays the entropy changing trend of selected data.
The height of each point represents the entropy of a continous 128-byte data block. The data blocks are sampled
evenly over the selected buffer. The base address differences between the neighbouring sampled data blocks are the
same. If the selected buffer is over 38400 bytes (300*128), there will be gaps between sampled data blocks. If the
1.3. GUI manual 29

selected buffer is less than 38400 bytes, the data blocks will overlap. If the selected buffer is less than 128 bytes (size
of a data block), then the data block size will be set to half the buffer size.
1.3.5 Translate the x64dbg
The x64dbg GUI is currently available in multiple languages. The launcher is available in both English and Chinese.
You can choose the UI language in the Options menu.
You can contribute your translations at http://translate.x64dbg.com
1.3.6 Tips
This section contains some useful tips about the user interface of this program.
Modules view
The modules view is inside the symbols view.
Relative Addressing
If you double-click the address column, then relative addressing will be used. The address column will show the
relative address relative to the double-clicked address.
Tables
You can reorder and hide any column by right-clicking, middle-clicking or double-clicking on the header. Alterna-
tively, you can drag one column header to another one to exchange their order.
Highlight mode
Don’t know how to hightlight a register? Press Ctrl+H (or click “Highlight mode” menu on the disassembly view).
When the red border is shown, click on the register(or command, immediate or any token), then that token will be
hightlighted with an underline.
Middle mouse button
In disassembly view, pressing middle mouse button will copy the selected address to the clipboard.
Select the entire function or block
You can select the entire function by double-clicking on the checkbox next to the disassembly. This checkbox can also
be used to fold the block into a single line.
Note: when you select only 1 instruction, or if the function is not analyzed, the checkbox might not appear. In this
case, please select the instruction you want to fold first.

Code page
You can use the codepage dialog(in the context menu of the dump view) to select a code page. UTF-16LE is the
codepage that matches windows unicode encoding. You can use UTF-16LE code page to view strings in a unicode
application.
Change Window Title
You can rename the windows of x64dbg by renaming “x64dbg.exe” or “x32dbg.exe” to another name, if the debuggee
doesn’t support running in a system with a window or process named as such. You should also rename the “x64dbg.ini”
or “x32dbg.ini” to keep it the same name as the debugger.
Search for strings
You can use the following methods to search for string:

• Search for / Pattern: you will be asked to provide a string to search, and x64dbg will search for it and display
the results in the references view.
• Search for / Strings references: x64dbg will search all pointers that look like an ANSI or Unicode string and
display the results in the references view. Older versions of x64dbg supports only Latin strings, while latest
x64dbg version supports non-English languges through a generic algorithm that may or may not work well
in your language. If you need to search for strings in other languages better, please install appropriate
plugins.
• Search for / Constant: search for a constant that is the first DWORD/QWORD of the string.
1.3.7 Unusual instructions
Unusual instructions are the instruction which is either privileged, invalid, have no use in ordinary applications, or
make attempts to access sensitive information.
To notify the user of their existence, unusual instructions are usually special-colored in the disassembly.
The following instructions are considered unusual:
• All privileged instructions (including I/O instructions and RDMSR/WRMSR)
• RDTSC,RDTSCP,RDRAND,RDSEED
• CPUID
• SYSENTER and SYSCALL
• UD2 and UD2B
1.4 Commands
This is the documentation of x64dbg commands.

FAQ:
• Please note that all integer constants are represented in hex. For example, after executing the following com-
mand, $i will be 256 (0x100): mov $i, 100 . This also means a variable cannot begin with letters from A
to F.
1.4. Commands 31
• Throughout this documentation, [arg1] (argument with a square bracket) represents an optional argument.
arg1 (argument without a square bracket) represents an mandatory argument. “[” and “]” represent memory
reference operation in expression evaluation for the argument. If you don’t want to refer to the content in the
memory pointer, don’t add “[” and “]”.
• For commands with two or more arguments, a comma (,) is used to separate these arguments. Do not use a
space to separate the arguments.
• x64dbg only supports integer in expressions. Strings, Floating point numbers and SSE/AVX data is not sup-
ported. Therefore you cannot use [eax]=="abcd" operator to compare strings. Instead, you can compare
the first DWORD/QWORD of the string, or use an appropriate plugin which provides such feature.
• The “==” operator is used to test if both operands are equal. The “=” operator is used to transfer the value of the
expression to the destination.
Contents:
1.4.1 General Purpose
This section contains various commands that are used for calculations etc.
Content:
inc
Increase a value.
arguments
arg1 Destination.
result
This command does not set any result variables.
dec
Decrease a value.
arguments
arg1 Destination.
result
add
Add two values.

arguments
arg1 Destination.
arg2 Source.
result
sub
Subtract two values.
arguments
arg1 Destination.
arg2 Source.
result
mul
Multiply two values.
arguments
arg1 Destination.
arg2 Source.
result
div
Devide two values.
arguments
arg1 Destination.
arg2 Source.
1.4. Commands 33
result
and
Binary AND two values.
arguments
arg1 Destination.
arg2 Source.
result
or
Binary OR two values.
arguments
arg1 Destination.
arg2 Source.
result
xor
Binary XOR two values.
arguments
arg1 Destination.
arg2 Source.
result

neg
Negate a value.
arguments
arg1 Destination.
result
not
Binary NOT a value.
arguments
arg1 Destination.
result
bswap
Perform a bswap operation.
arguments
arg1 Destination.
result
rol
Binary ROL a value.
arguments
arg1 Destination.
arg2 Source.
1.4. Commands 35
result
ror
Binary ROR a value.
arguments
arg1 Destination.
arg2 Source.
result
shl/sal
Binary SHL/SAL (signed/unsigned shift left) a value.
arguments
arg1 Destination.
arg2 Source.
result
shr
Binary SHR (unsigned shift right) a value.
arguments
arg1 Destination.
arg2 Source.
result

sar
Binary SAR (signed shift right) a value.
arguments
arg1 Destination.
arg2 Source.
result
push
Push a value on the stack.
arguments
arg1 The value to push on the stack.
result
pop
Pop a value from the stack.
arguments
[arg1] The destination. When not specified it will just increase CSP.
result
test
Binary TEST a value.
1.4. Commands 37
arguments
arg1 Value to test.

arg2 Tester.
result
This command sets the internal variables $_EZ_FLAG and $_BS_FLAG. $_EZ_FLAG is set to 1 when arg1 & arg2
== 0. $_BS_FLAG is always set to 0.
cmp
This command compares two expressions. Notice that when you want to check for values being bigger or smaller, the
comparison arg1>arg2 is made. If this evaluates to true, the $_BS_FLAG is set to 1, meaning the value is bigger. So
you test if arg1 is bigger/smaller than arg2.
arguments
arg1 First expression to compare.

arg2 Second expression to compare.
result
This command sets the internal variables $_EZ_FLAG and $_BS_FLAG. They are checked when a branch is per-
formed.
mov/set
Set a variable.
arguments
arg1 Variable name (optionally prefixed with a $) to set. When the variable does not exist, it will be created.
arg2 Value to store in the variable. If you use #11 22 33# it will write the bytes 11 22 33 in the process
memory at arg1.
result
1.4.2 Debug Control
Contents:

InitDebug/initdbg/init
Initializes the debugger. This command will load the executable (do some basic checks), set breakpoints on TLS
callbacks (if present), set a breakpoint at the process entry point and break at the system breakpoint before giving back
control to the user.
arguments
arg1 Path to the executable file to debug. If no full path is given, the GetCurrentDirectory API will be called
to retrieve a full path. Use quotation marks to include spaces in your path.
[arg2] Commandline to create the process with.
[arg3] Current folder (passed to the CreateProcess API).
result
This command will give control back to the user after the system breakpoint is reached. It will set $pid and
$hp/$hProcess variables.
StopDebug/stop/dbgstop
Terminate the current debuggee and stop debugging it.
arguments
This command has no arguments.
result
AttachDebugger/attach
Attach the debugger to a running process.
arguments
arg1 Process Identifier (PID) of the running process.

[arg2] Handle to an Event Object to signal (this is for internal use only).
[arg3] Thread Identifier (TID) of the thread to resume after attaching (this is for internal use only).
result
This command will give control back to the user after the system breakpoint is reached. It will set $pid and
$hp/$hProcess variables.
1.4. Commands 39
DetachDebugger/detach
Detach the debugger from the currently-debugged process.
arguments
results
run/go/r/g
Free the lock and allow the program to run.
arguments
[arg1] When specified, place a single-shot breakpoint at this location before running.
results
erun/ego/er/eg
Free the lock and allow the program to run, passing all first-chance exceptions to the debuggee.
arguments
results
serun/sego
Free the lock and allow the program to run, swallowing the current exception, skipping exception dispatching in
the debuggee.
arguments

results
pause
Pause the debuggee or stop animation if animation is in progress.
arguments
result
DebugContinue/con
Set debugger continue status.
arguments
[arg1] When set (to anything), the exception will be handled by the program. Otherwise the exception will be
swallowed.
result
StepInto/sti
Single Step (using Trap-Flag).
arguments
[arg1] The number of steps to take. If not specified 1 is used.
result
eStepInto/esti
Single Step (using Trap-Flag), passing all first-chance exceptions to the debuggee.
1.4. Commands 41
arguments
result
seStepInto/sesti
Single Step (using Trap-Flag), swallowing the current exception, skipping exception dispatching in the debuggee.
arguments
result
StepOver/step/sto/st
Step over calls. When the instruction at EIP/RIP isn’t a call, a StepInto is performed.
arguments
results
eStepOver/estep/esto/est
Step over calls, passing all first-chance exceptions to the debuggee. When the instruction at EIP/RIP isn’t a call, a
eStepInto is performed.
arguments
result

seStepOver/sestep/sesto/sest
Step over calls, swallowing the current exception, skipping exception dispatching in the debuggee. When the
instruction at EIP/RIP isn’t a call, a eStepInto is performed.
arguments
result
StepOut/rtr
Return from function by calling StepOver until the current instruction is a RET.
arguments
[arg1] The number of times to step out. If not specified 1 is used.
result
eStepOut/ertr
Return from function by calling eStepOver until the current instruction is a RET. This command passes all first-chance
exceptions to the debuggee.
arguments
[arg1] The number of times to step out. If not specified 1 is used.
result
skip
Skip the next instruction. This command swallows the current exception (if present). Useful if you want to continue
after an INT3 command.
1.4. Commands 43
arguments
[arg1] The number of instructions to skip. If not specified 1 is used.
result
InstrUndo
Undo last instruction stepped. This command is only valid if some instructions are stepped in. Stepping over, running
or tracing will clear the history context.
arguments
results
1.4.3 Breakpoint Control
This section contains breakpoint control (set/delete/enable/disable) commands.

Context:
SetBPX/bp/bpx
Set an INT3 (SHORT/LONG) or UD2 breakpoint and optionally assign a name to it.
arguments
arg1 Address to put a breakpoint on. This can be an API name.

[arg2] Name of the breakpoint, use quotation marks to include spaces. This name can be used by the EnableBPX,
DisableBPX and DeleteBPX functions as alias, but is mainly intended to provide a single line of information about
the currently-hit breakpoint. When arg2 equals to a valid type (arg3) the type is used and arg2 is ignored.
[arg3] Breakpoint type. Can be one of the following options in random order: “ss” (single shot breakpoint), “long”
(CD03), “ud2” (0F0B) and “short” (CC). You can combine the “ss” option with one of the type options in one string.
Example: “SetBPX 00401000,”entrypoint”,ssud2” will set a single shot UD2 breakpoint at 00401000 with the name
“entrypoint”. When specifying no type or just the type “ss” the default type will be used. Per default this equals to the
“short” type. You can change the default type using the “SetBPXOptions” command.
result
This command does not any result variables.

DeleteBPX/bpc/bc
Delete a breakpoint set using the SetBPX command.
arguments
[arg1] Name or address of the breakpoint to delete. If this argument is not specified, all breakpoints will be deleted.
result
EnableBPX/bpe/be
Enable a breakpoint set using the SetBPX command.
arguments
[arg1] Name or address of the breakpoint to enable. If this argument is not specified, all breakpoints will be enabled.
result
DisableBPX/bpd/bd
Disable a breakpoint set using the SetBPX command.
arguments
[arg1] Name or address of the breakpoint to disable. If this argument is not specified, all breakpoints will be
disabled.
result
SetHardwareBreakpoint/bph/bphws
Set a hardware breakpoint (using debug registers).
1.4. Commands 45
arguments
arg1 Address of the hardware breakpoint.

[arg2] Hardware breakpoint type. Can be either ‘r’ (readwrite), ‘w’ (write) or ‘x’ (execute). When not specified,
‘x’ is assumed.
[arg3] Hardware breakpoint size. Can be either ‘1’, ‘2’, ‘4’ or ‘8’ (x64 only). Per default, ‘1’ is assumed. The
address you’re putting the hardware breakpoint on must be aligned to the specified size.
result
DeleteHardwareBreakpoint/bphc/bphwc
Delete a hardware breakpoint set using the SetHardwareBreakpoint command.
arguments
[arg1] Name or address of the hardware breakpoint to delete. If this argument is not specified, all hardware break-
points will be deleted.
result
EnableHardwareBreakpoint/bphe/bphwe
Enable a previously disabled hardware breakpoint.
arguments
[arg1] Address of the hardware breakpoint to enable. If this argument is not specified, as many as possible hardware
breakpoints will be enabled.
result
DisableHardwareBreakpoint/bphd/bphwd
Disable a hardware breakpoint.

arguments
[arg1] Address of the hardware breakpoint to disable. If this argument is not specified, all hardware breakpoints
will be disabled.
result
SetMemoryBPX/membp/bpm
Set a memory breakpoint (GUARD_PAGE) on the whole memory region the provided address is in.
arguments
arg1 Address of or inside a memory region that will be watched.

[arg2] 1/0 restore the memory breakpoint once it’s hit? When this value is not equal to ‘1’ or ‘3’, it’s assumed to be
arg3. This means “bpm eax,r” would be the same command as: “bpm eax,0,r”.
[arg3] Breakpoint type, it can be ‘a’ (read+write+execute) ‘r’ (read), ’w’ (write) or ‘x’ (execute). Per default, it’s
‘a’ (read+write+execute)
result
DeleteMemoryBPX/membpc/bpmc
Delete a memory breakpoint set using the SetMemoryBPX command.
arguments
[arg1] Name or (base) address of the memory breakpoint to delete. If this argument is not specified, all memory
breakpoints will be deleted.
result
EnableMemoryBreakpoint/membpe/bpme
Enable a previously disabled memory breakpoint.
1.4. Commands 47
arguments
[arg1] Address of the memory breakpoint to enable. If this argument is not specified, all memory breakpoints will
be enabled.
result
DisableMemoryBreakpoint/membpd/bpmd
Disable a memory breakpoint.
arguments
[arg1] Address of the memory breakpoint to disable. If this argument is not specified, all memory breakpoints will
be disabled.
result
LibrarianSetBreakpoint/bpdll
Set a singleshoot breakpoint on DLL load/unload.
arguments
arg1 DLL Name to break on.

[arg2] a means on load and unload, l means on load, u means on unload. When not specified, x64dbg will break
on both load and unload.
[arg3] When specified, the breakpoint will be singleshoot. When not specified the breakpoint will not be removed
after it has been hit.
result
LibrarianRemoveBreakpoint/bcdll
Remove a DLL breakpoint.
arguments
arg1 DLL Name to remove the breakpoint from.

result
LibrarianEnableBreakpoint/bpedll
Enable a DLL breakpoint set using the LibrarianSetBreakpoint command.
arguments
[arg1] DLL Name of the DLL breakpoint to enable. If this argument is not specified, all DLL breakpoints will be
enabled.
result
LibrarianDisableBreakpoint/bpddll
Enable a DLL breakpoint set using the LibrarianSetBreakpoint command.
arguments
[arg1] DLL Name of the DLL breakpoint to disable. If this argument is not specified, all DLL breakpoints will be
disabled.
result
SetExceptionBPX
Set an exception breakpoint. If an exception breakpoint is active, all the exceptions with the same chance and code
will be captured as a breakpoint event and will not be handled by the default exception handling policy.
arguments
arg1 Exception name or code of the new exception breakpoint

[arg2] Chance. Set to first/1 to capture first-chance exceptions, second/2 to capture second-chance exceptions,
all/3 to capture all exceptions. Default value is first.
result
This command does not any result variables.
1.4. Commands 49
DeleteExceptionBPX
Delete an exception breakpoint set using the SetExceptionBPX command.
arguments
[arg1] Name, exception name or code of the exception breakpoint to delete. If this argument is not specified, all
exception breakpoints will be deleted.
result
EnableExceptionBPX
Enable an exception breakpoint set using the SetExceptionBPX command.
arguments
[arg1] Name, exception name or code of the exception breakpoint to enable. If this argument is not specified, all
exception breakpoints will be enabled.
result
DisableExceptionBPX
Disable an exception breakpoint set using the SetExceptionBPX command.
arguments
[arg1] Name, exception name or code of the exception breakpoint to enable. If this argument is not specified, all
exception breakpoints will be disabled.
result
bpgoto
Configure the breakpoint so that when the program reaches it, the program will be directed to a new location. It is
equivallent to the following commands:

SetBreakpointCondition arg1, 0
SetBreakpointCommand arg1, "CIP=arg2"
SetBreakpointCommandCondition arg1, 1
SetBreakpointFastResume arg1, 0
arguments
arg1 The address of the breakpoint.

arg2 The new address to execute if the breakpoint is reached.
results
bplist
Get a list of breakpoints. This list includes their state (enabled/disabled), their type, their address and (optionally) their
names.
arguments
result
This command does not set any result variables. A list entry has the following format:
STATE:TYPE:ADDRESS[:NAME]
STATEcan be 0 or 1. 0 means disabled, 1 means enabled. Only singleshoot and ‘normal’ breakpoints can be disabled.
TYPEcan be one of the following values: BP, SS, HW and GP. BP stands for a normal breakpoint (set using the
SetBPX command), SS stands for SINGLESHOT, HW stands for HARDWARE and GP stand for Guard Page, the
way of setting memory breakpoints.
ADDRESSis the breakpoint address, given in 32 and 64 bits for the x32 and x64 debugger respectively.
NAMEis the name assigned to the breakpoint.
SetBPXOptions/bptype
Set the default type for the “SetBPX” command.
arguments
arg1 Default type. This can be “short” (CC), “long” (CD03) or “ud2” (0F0B). Type default type affects both NOR-
MAL and SINGLESHOT breakpoints.
1.4. Commands 51
result
1.4.4 Conditional Breakpoint Control
This section describes commands that can be used to set various advanced properties of breakpoints.
Contents:
SetBreakpointName/bpname
Sets the name of a software breakpoint. It will be displayed in the breakpoints view and in the log when the breakpoint
is hit.
arguments
arg1 The address of an existing software breakpoint.

[arg2] The name of the breakpoint (empty when not specified).
result
SetBreakpointCondition/bpcond/bpcnd
Sets the software breakpoint condition. When this condition is set, it is evaluated every time the breakpoint hits and
the debugger would stop only if condition is not 0.
arguments

[arg2] The condition expression.
result
SetBreakpointLog/bplog/bpl
Sets log text when a software breakpoint is hit. When log condition is not specified, it will always be logged regardless
of the break condition, otherwise it will be logged when the logging condition is satisfied.

arguments

[arg2] The log format string (see introduction/formatting).
result
SetBreakpointLogCondition/bplogcondition
Sets the logging condition of a software breakpoint. When log condition is not specified, log text always be logged
regardless of the break condition, otherwise it will be logged when the logging condition is satisfied.
arguments

[arg2] The logging condition (default condition when not specified).
result
SetBreakpointCommand
Sets the command to execute when a software breakpoint is hit. If the command condition is not specified, it will be
executed when the debugger breaks, otherwise it will be executed when the condition is satisfied.
arguments

[arg2] The command (empty when not specified).
result
SetBreakpointCommandCondition
Sets the command condition of a software breakpoint. When command condition is not specified, the command will
be executed when the debugger would break, otherwise it will be executed when the condition is satisfied.
1.4. Commands 53
arguments

[arg2] The command condition (default condition when not specified).
result
SetBreakpointFastResume
Sets the fast resume flag of a software breakpoint. If this flag is set and the break condition doesn’t evaluate to break,
no GUI, plugin, logging or any other action will be performed, except for incrementing the hit counter.
arguments

[arg2] The fast resume flag. If it is 0 (default), fast resume is disabled, otherwise it is enabled
result
SetBreakpointSingleshoot
Sets the singleshoot flag of a software breakpoint. If this flag is set the breakpoint will be removed on the first hit.
arguments

[arg2] The singleshoot flag. If it is 0 (default), singleshoot is disabled, otherwise it is enabled
result
SetBreakpointSilent
Sets the silent flag of a software breakpoint. If this flag is set, the default log message will not appear. User-defined
log is not affected.

arguments

[arg2] The silent flag. If it is 0 (default), silent is disabled, otherwise it is enabled
result
GetBreakpointHitCount
Gets the hit counter of a software breakpoint.
arguments
result
$result will be set to the current value of the hit counter.
ResetBreakpointHitCount
Resets the hit counter of a software breakpoint.
arguments

[arg2] The new hit count (zero when not specified).
result
SetHardwareBreakpointName/bphwname
Sets the name of a hardware breakpoint. It will be displayed in the breakpoints view and in the log when the breakpoint
is hit.
arguments
arg1 The address of an existing hardware breakpoint.

1.4. Commands 55
result
SetHardwareBreakpointCondition/bphwcond
Sets the hardware breakpoint condition. When this condition is set, it is evaluated every time the breakpoint hits and
arguments

result
SetHardwareBreakpointLog/bphwlog
Sets log text when a hardware breakpoint is hit. When log condition is not specified, it will always be logged regardless
arguments

result
SetHardwareBreakpointLogCondition/bphwlogcondition
Sets the logging condition of a hardware breakpoint. When log condition is not specified, log text always be logged
arguments


result
SetHardwareBreakpointCommand
Sets the command to execute when a hardware breakpoint is hit. If the command condition is not specified, it will be
arguments

result
SetHardwareBreakpointCommandCondition
Sets the command condition of a hardware breakpoint. When command condition is not specified, the command will
arguments

result
SetHardwareBreakpointFastResume
Sets the fast resume flag of a hardware breakpoint. If this flag is set and the break condition doesn’t evaluate to break,
arguments

1.4. Commands 57
result
SetHardwareBreakpointSingleshoot
Sets the singleshoot flag of a hardware breakpoint. If this flag is set the breakpoint will be removed on the first hit.
arguments

result
SetHardwareBreakpointSilent
Sets the silent flag of a hardware breakpoint. If this flag is set, the default log message will not appear. User-defined
arguments

result
GetHardwareBreakpointHitCount
Gets the hit counter of a hardware breakpoint.
arguments
result

ResetHardwareBreakpointHitCount
Resets the hit counter of a hardware breakpoint.
arguments

result
SetMemoryBreakpointName/bpmname
Sets the name of a memory breakpoint. It will be displayed in the breakpoints view and in the log when the breakpoint
is hit.
arguments
arg1 The address of an existing memory breakpoint.

result
SetMemoryBreakpointCondition/bpmcond
Sets the memory breakpoint condition. When this condition is set, it is evaluated every time the breakpoint hits and
arguments

result
SetMemoryBreakpointLog/bpmlog
Sets log text when a memory breakpoint is hit. When log condition is not specified, it will always be logged regardless
1.4. Commands 59
arguments

result
SetMemoryBreakpointLogCondition/bpmlogcondition
Sets the logging condition of a memory breakpoint. When log condition is not specified, log text always be logged
arguments

result
SetMemoryBreakpointCommand
Sets the command to execute when a memory breakpoint is hit. If the command condition is not specified, it will be
arguments

result
SetMemoryBreakpointCommandCondition
Sets the command condition of a memory breakpoint. When command condition is not specified, the command will

arguments

result
SetMemoryBreakpointFastResume
Sets the fast resume flag of a memory breakpoint. If this flag is set and the break condition doesn’t evaluate to break,
arguments

result
SetMemoryBreakpointSingleshoot
Sets the singleshoot flag of a memory breakpoint. If this flag is set the breakpoint will be removed on the first hit.
arguments

result
SetMemoryBreakpointSilent
Sets the silent flag of a memory breakpoint. If this flag is set, the default log message will not appear. User-defined
1.4. Commands 61
arguments

result
GetMemoryBreakpointHitCount
Gets the hit counter of a memory breakpoint.
arguments
result
ResetMemoryBreakpointHitCount
Resets the hit counter of a memory breakpoint.
arguments

result
SetLibrarianBreakpointName
Sets the name of a librarian breakpoint. It will be displayed in the breakpoints view and in the log when the breakpoint
is hit.
arguments
arg1 The DLL name.


result
SetLibrarianBreakpointCondition
Sets the librarian breakpoint condition. When this condition is set, it is evaluated every time the breakpoint occurs and
arguments
arg1 The DLL name.

result
SetLibrarianBreakpointLog
Sets log text when a librarian breakpoint is hit. When log condition is not specified, it will always be logged regardless
arguments
arg1 The DLL name.

result
SetLibrarianBreakpointLogCondition
Sets the logging condition of a librarian breakpoint. When log condition is not specified, log text always be logged
arguments
arg1 The DLL name.

1.4. Commands 63
result
SetLibrarianBreakpointCommand
Sets the command to execute when a librarian breakpoint is hit. If the command condition is not specified, it will be
arguments
arg1 The DLL name.

result
SetLibrarianBreakpointCommandCondition
Sets the command condition of a librarian breakpoint. When command condition is not specified, the command will
arguments
arg1 The DLL name.

result
SetLibrarianBreakpointFastResume
Sets the fast resume flag of a librarian breakpoint. If this flag is set and the break condition doesn’t evaluate to break,
arguments
arg1 The DLL name.


result
SetLibrarianBreakpointSingleshoot
Sets the singleshoot flag of a librarian breakpoint. If this flag is set the librarian breakpoint will be removed on the
first hit.
arguments
arg1 The DLL name.

result
SetLibrarianBreakpointSilent
Sets the silent flag of a librarian breakpoint. If this flag is set, the default log message will not appear. User-defined
arguments
arg1 The DLL name.

result
GetLibrarianBreakpointHitCount
Gets the hit counter of a librarian breakpoint.
arguments
arg1 The DLL name.
result
1.4. Commands 65
ResetLibrarianBreakpointHitCount
Resets the hit counter of a librarian breakpoint.
arguments
arg1 The DLL name.

result
SetExceptionBreakpointName
Sets the name of an exception breakpoint. It will be displayed in the breakpoints view and in the log when the
breakpoint is hit.
arguments
arg1 The name, exception name or code of the exception breakpoint.

result
SetExceptionBreakpointCondition
Sets the exception breakpoint condition. When this condition is set, it is evaluated every time the exception occurs
(chance must match) and the debugger would stop only if condition is not 0.
arguments

result
SetExceptionBreakpointLog
Sets log text when an exception breakpoint is hit. When log condition is not specified, it will always be logged

arguments

result
SetExceptionBreakpointLogCondition
Sets the logging condition of an exception breakpoint. When log condition is not specified, log text always be logged
arguments

result
SetExceptionBreakpointCommand
Sets the command to execute when an exception breakpoint is hit. If the command condition is not specified, it will
be executed when the debugger breaks, otherwise it will be executed when the condition is satisfied.
arguments

result
SetExceptionBreakpointCommandCondition
Sets the command condition of an exception breakpoint. When command condition is not specified, the command will
1.4. Commands 67
arguments

result
SetExceptionBreakpointFastResume
Sets the fast resume flag of an exception breakpoint. If this flag is set and the break condition doesn’t evaluate to break,
arguments

result
SetExceptionBreakpointSingleshoot
Sets the singleshoot flag of an exception breakpoint. If this flag is set the exception breakpoint will be removed on the
first hit.
arguments

result
SetExceptionBreakpointSilent
Sets the silent flag of an exception breakpoint. If this flag is set, the default log message will not appear. User-defined

arguments

result
GetExceptionBreakpointHitCount
Gets the hit counter of an exception breakpoint.
arguments
result
ResetExceptionBreakpointHitCount
Resets the hit counter of an exception breakpoint.
arguments
arg1 The name, exception code or name of the exception breakpoint.

result

See also:
Conditional Breakpoints
1.4.5 Tracing
Contents:
TraceIntoConditional/ticnd
Trace the program by StepInto, until the specified condition is satisfied, or maximum number of steps reached.
1.4. Commands 69
arguments
arg1 The condition used. When this is evaluated to be a value other than 0, tracing will stop.
[arg2] The maximum step count to trace before the debugger gives up.
results
TraceOverConditional/tocnd
Trace the program by StepOver, until the specified condition is satisfied, or maximum number of steps reached.
arguments
arg1 The condition used. When this is evaluated to be a value other than 0, tracing will stop.
[arg2] The maximum step count to trace before the debugger gives up.
results
TraceIntoBeyondTraceRecord/tibt
Perform StepInto until the program reaches somewhere outside the trace record. This is similar to ticnd tr.
hitcount(cip)==0&&arg1, arg2 except that it achieves higher performance by avoiding the expression func-
tion invocation.
Usage example: If you want to find out the forking point of the program when different inputs are provided, first
enable or re-enable trace record to clean trace record data. Then you trace while input A is provided. Finally you
provide input B and execute TraceIntoBeyondTraceRecord command. The program will be paused where the
instruction is never executed before.
arguments
[arg1] The break condition of tracing. When this condition is satisfied, tracing will stop regardless of EIP/RIP
location. If this argument is not specified then tracing will be unconditional.
[arg2] The maximun steps before the debugger gives up. If this argument is not specified, the default value will be
50000.
result

TraceOverBeyondTraceRecord/tobt
Perform StepOver until the program reaches somewhere outside the trace record.
arguments
50000.
result
TraceIntoIntoTraceRecord/tiit
Perform StepInto until the program reaches somewhere inside the trace record.
arguments
50000.
result
TraceOverIntoTraceRecord/toit
Perform StepOver until the program reaches somewhere inside the trace record.
arguments
50000.
result
1.4. Commands 71
RunToParty
Run the program until the program reaches somewhere belonging to the party number. This works by putting tempo-
rary memory breakpoints on all memory pages with matching party number.
arguments
arg1 The party number. This value cannot be an expression. Note: 0 is user module, 1 is system module.
results
see also
RunToUserCode
RunToUserCode/rtu
Run until user code is reached. It is equivallent to RunToParty 0.
arguments
results
TraceSetLog/SetTraceLog
Change the trace log text and condition during tracing. See Conditional Tracing for more information.
arguments
[arg1] Log text. If not specified the current text/condition is cleared.

[arg2] Log condition. If not specified the default condition is used.
results
TraceSetCommand/SetTraceCommand
Change the trace command text and condition during tracing. See Conditional Tracing for more information.

arguments
[arg1] Command text. If not specified the current text/condition is cleared.

[arg2] Command condition. If not specified the default condition is used.
results
TraceSetLogFile/SetTraceLogFile
Redirect the trace log to a file.
arguments
arg1 File name to redirect the trace log to. This file will be cleared and overwritten when the trace starts. This does
nothing if you don’t set the log text!
results
StartRunTrace/opentrace
Start recording a run trace with a specified file. The file will also be opened in the trace view. Note you need to use
TraceIntoConditional or other command to actually trace the program.
arguments
arg1 The file name. Default file extension “trace32” or “trace64” is not added automatically.
result
StopRunTrace/tc
Stops recording a run trace and closes file.
arguments
1.4. Commands 73
result
1.4.6 Thread Control
Contents:
createthread[,threadcreate,newthread,threadnew]
Create a new thread at the specified entry.
arguments
arg1 The entry of the new thread.

[arg2] The argument of the new thread. If the argument is not specified, the default argument is 0.
results
$result will be set to the thread id of the new thread.
switchthread/threadswitch
Switch the internal current thread to another thread (resulting in different callstack + different registers displayed).
arguments
[arg1] ThreadId of the thread to switch to (see the Threads tab). When not specified, the main thread is used.
result
suspendthread/threadsuspend
Suspend a thread in the debuggee.
arguments
[arg1] ThreadId of the thread to suspend (see the Threads tab). When not specified, the main thread is used.
result

resumethread/threadresume
Resume a thread in the debuggee.
arguments
[arg1] ThreadId of the thread to resume (see the Threads tab). When not specified, the main thread is used.
result
killthread/threadkill
Kill a thread in the debuggee.
arguments
[arg1] ThreadId of the thread to kill (see the Threads tab). When not specified, the main thread is used.
[arg2] Thread exit code. When not specified, 0 will be used.
result
suspendallthreads/threadsuspendall
Suspend all threads in the debuggee.
arguments
result
resumeallthreads/threadresumeall
Resume all threads in the debuggee.
arguments
1.4. Commands 75
result
setthreadpriority/setprioritythread/threadsetpriority
Set thread priority in the debuggee.
arguments
arg1 ThreadId of the thread to change the priority of (see the Threads tab).
arg2 Priority value, this can be the integer of a valid thread priority (see MSDN) or one of the following values:
“Normal”, “AboveNormal”, “TimeCritical”, “Idle”, “BelowNormal”, “Highest”, “Lowest”.
result
setthreadname/threadsetname
Set thread name (only for the debugger, nothing changes in the debuggee).
arguments
arg1 ThreadId of the thread to change the priority of (see the Threads tab).
arg2 New thread name. Leave empty to remove the current name.
result
1.4.7 Memory Operations
This section contains commands to manipulate memory inside the debuggee.

Contents:
alloc
Allocate memory in the debuggee (using VirtualAllocEx). The memory is allocated with
PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE protection.

arguments
[arg1] Size of the memory to allocate. When not specified, a default size of 0x1000 is used.
[arg2] Address to allocate the memory at. Unspecified or zero means a random address.
result
This command sets $result to the allocated memory address. It also sets the $lastalloc variable to the allocated memory
address when VirtualAllocEx succeeded.
Fill/memset
Set memory of the debuggee to a specified byte.
arguments
arg1 Memory address to start setting bytes.

arg2 Value (byte) to set memory with.
[arg3] Size to set. When not specified the rest of the page is used.
result
memcpy
Copy memory in the context of the debuggee, without applying patches.
arguments
arg1 Destination address.

arg2 Source address.
arg3 Size to copy.
result
This command sets $result to the total amount of bytes written at the destination. The condition $result ==
arg3 is true if all memory was copied.
free
Free memory in the debuggee (using VirtualFreeEx).
1.4. Commands 77
arguments
[arg1] Address of the memory to free. When not specified, the value at $lastalloc is used.
result
This command sets $result to 1 if VirtualFreeEx succeeded, otherwise it’s set to 0. $lastalloc is set to zero when the
address specified is equal to $lastalloc.
getpagerights/getpagerights/getrightspage
Get the rights of a memory page.
arguments
arg1 Memory Address of page (it fix the address if this arg is not the top address of a page).
result
setpagerights/setpagerights/setrightspage
Change the rights of a memory page.
arguments
arg1 Memory Address of page (it fix the address if this arg is not the top address of a page).
arg2 New Rights, this can be one of the following values: “Execute”, “ExecuteRead”, “ExecuteReadWrite”, “Ex-
ecuteWriteCopy”, “NoAccess”, “ReadOnly”, “ReadWrite”, “WriteCopy”. You can add a G at first for add PAGE
GUARD. example: “GReadOnly”. Read the MSDN for more info.
result
savedata
Save a memory region to disk.

arguments
arg1 The filename. If you use :memdump: as name it will save a file as memdump_pid_addr_size.bin in the
x64dbg directory. You can use String Formatting here.
arg2 The address of the memory region.
arg3 The size of the memory region.
results
1.4.8 Operating System Control
This section contains the commands that can be used to control certain properties managed by the operating system.
Content:
DisablePrivilege
Revoke the privilege.
arguments
arg1 The name of the privilege. Example: SeDebugPrivilege
results
EnablePrivilege
Permit the privilege.
arguments
arg1 The name of the privilege. Example: SeDebugPrivilege
results
GetPrivilegeState
Query whether the privilege is enabled on the debuggee.
1.4. Commands 79
arguments
arg1 The name of the privilege. Example: SeDebugPrivilege.
results
This command sets $result to 1 if the privilege is disabled on the debuggee, 2 or 3 if the privilege is enabled on
the debuggee, 0 if the privilege is not found in the privilege collection of the token of the debuggee or something is
wrong with the API.
handleclose/closehandle
Close a remote handle so that its system resources can be released.
arguments
arg1 The handle value of the handle, in the context of the debuggee.
results
1.4.9 Watch Control
This section describes the commands that control the watch view.
Contents:
AddWatch
Add a watch item.
arguments
arg1 The expression to watch.

[arg2] The data type of the watch item. uint displays hexadecimal value, int displays signed decimal value,
ascii displays the ASCII string pointed by the value. unicode displays the Unicode string pointed by the value.
uint is the default type.
results
This command sets $result value to the id of the watch item.
DelWatch
Delete a watch item.

arguments
arg1 The id of the watch item to delete.
result
SetWatchdog
Set the watchdog mode of a watch item.
arguments
arg1 The id of the watch item.

[arg2] The watchdog mode. Possible values:
• disabled : Watchdog is disabled.
• changed : Watchdog is triggered when the value is changed.
• unchanged : Watchdog is triggered when the value is not changed.
• istrue : Watchdog is triggered when the value is not 0.
• isfalse : Watchdog is triggered when the value is 0.
When this argument is not specified, the mode will be set to “changed” if the current watchdog mode is “disabled”,
otherwise watchdog will be disabled.
results
SetWatchExpression
Change the expression of an existing watch item.
arguments
arg1 The id of the watch item.

arg2 The new expression to watch.
arg3 The new data type of the watch item.
results
1.4. Commands 81
SetWatchName
Rename a watch item.
arguments
arg1 The id of the watch item to rename.

arg2 The new name.
results
CheckWatchdog
Evaluate all the watch items, trigger or reset watchdog when appropiate.
arguments
results
This command set $result to 1 if any watchdog is triggered, 0 otherwise.
1.4.10 Variables
This section contains commands that can manipulate variables.

Contents:
var/varnew
Declare a new variable.
arguments
arg1 Variable name (will be prefixed with ‘$’ if not done).

[arg2] Initial variable value (see console input for details).
result

vardel
Delete a user-defined variable.
arguments
arg1 Name of the variable to delete ($ will be prepended when not present).
result
varlist
Get a list of all variables and their values.
arguments
[arg1] Filter (USER, SYSTEM, READONLY).
result
1.4.11 Searching
This section contains commands that are used to search data.

Contents:
find
Find a pattern in a memory page. If you want to find all occurrences of a pattern in a memory page use findall.
arguments
arg1 The address to start searching from. Notice that the searching will stop when the end of the memory page this
address resides in has been reached. This means you cannot search the complete process memory without enumerating
the memory pages first. If you want to find all occurrences of a pattern in the entire memory map use findallmem.
arg2 The byte pattern to search for. This byte pattern can contain wildcards (?) for example: EB0?90??8D. You
can use String Formatting here.
[arg3] The size of the data to search in. Default is the size of the memory region.
1.4. Commands 83
result
The $result variable is set to the virtual address of the address that matches the byte pattern. $result will be 0
when the pattern could not be matched.
findall
Find all occurrences of a pattern in a memory page.
arguments
arg1 The address to start searching from. Notice that the searching will stop when the end of the memory page this
address resides in has been reached. This means you cannot search the complete process memory without enumerating
the memory pages first. You can use findallmem to search for a pattern in the whole memory.
result
$result is set to the number of occurrences.
examples
Search for all occurrences a pattern in the memory page CIP is residing:
findall mem.base(cip), "0FA2 E8 ???????? C3"
Search for all occurences of the value of cax in the stack memory page:
findall mem.base(csp), "{bswap@cax}"
findallmem/findmemall
Find all occurrences of a pattern in the entire memory map.
arguments
arg1 The address to start searching from.

[arg3] The size of the data to search in. Default is the entire memory map.
result
$result is set to the number of occurrences.

findasm/asmfind
Find assembled instruction.
arguments
arg1 Instruction to look for (make sure to use quoted “mov eax, ebx” to ensure you actually search for that instruc-
tion). You can use String Formatting here.
[arg2] Address of/inside a memory page to look in. When not specified CIP will be used.
result
The $result variable is set to the number of references found.
findguid/guidfind
Find references to GUID. The referenced GUID must be registered in the system, otherwise it will not be found.
arguments
[arg1] The base of the memory range. If not specified, RIP or EIP will be used.
[arg2] The size of the memory range.
[arg3] The region to search. 0 is current region (specified with arg1 and arg2). 1 is current module (the module
specified with arg1). 2 is all modules.
results
Set $result to 1 if any GUID is found, 0 otherwise.
reffind/findref/ref
Find references to a certain value.
arguments
arg1 The value to look for.

[arg3] The size of the data to search in.
result
1.4. Commands 85
reffindrange/findrefrange/refrange
Find references to a certain range of values.
arguments
arg1 Start of the range (will be included in the results when found).
[arg2] End of range (will be included in the results when found). When not specified the first argument will be
used.
result
refstr/strref
Find referenced text strings.
arguments
[arg1] Address of/inside a memory page to find referenced text strings in. When not specified CIP will be used.
result
The $result variable is set to the number of string references found.
modcallfind
Find all inter-modular calls.
arguments
[arg1] Address of/inside a memory page to find inter-modular calls in. When not specified EIP/RIP will be used.
result
The $result variable is set to the number of inter-modular calls found.

setmaxfindresult/findsetmaxresult
Set the maximum number of occurences found.
arguments
arg1 The maximum number of occurences. The default value is 5000.
results
1.4.12 User Database
This section contains commands that manipulate the user database (comments, labels and bookmarks).
dbsave/savedb
Save a program database from memory to disk.
arguments
[arg1] Path to save the database to. If not specified your current program database is used.
result
dbload/loaddb
Load a program database from disk in memory.
arguments
[arg1] Path to load the database from. If specified your current data will not be automatically cleared (import). If
not specified all your data will be cleared and the current program database is reloaded from disk.
result
dbclear/cleardb
Clear the program database from memory (not from disk).
1.4. Commands 87
arguments
result
commentset/cmt/cmtset
Set a comment.
arguments
arg1 Address to set the comment at (preferably inside a module).

arg2 Comment text.
result
commentdel/cmtc/cmtdel
Delete a comment.
arguments
arg1 Address of the comment to delete.
result
commentlist
List user-defined comments in reference view.
arguments
result
$resultwill be set to the number of user-defined comments.

commentclear
Delete all comments in all modules.
arguments
result
labelset/lbl/lblset
Set a label.
arguments
arg1 Address to set the label at (preferably inside a module).

arg2 Label text. You can use String Formatting here.
result
labeldel/lblc/lbldel
Delete a label.
arguments
arg1 Address of the label to delete.
result
labellist
List user-defined labels in reference view.
arguments
1.4. Commands 89
result
$resultwill be set to the number of user-defined labels.
labelclear
Delete all labels in all modules.
arguments
result
bookmarkset/bookmark
Set a bookmark.
arguments
arg1 Address to set the bookmark at (preferably inside a module).
result
bookmarkdel/bookmarkc
Delete a bookmark.
arguments
arg1 Address of the bookmark to delete.
result
bookmarklist
List user-defined bookmarks in reference view.

arguments
result
$resultwill be set to the number of user-defined bookmarks.
bookmarkclear
Delete all bookmarks in all modules.
arguments
result
functionadd/func
Add a function.
arguments
arg1 Function range start.

arg2 Function range end.
result
functiondel/funcc
Delete a function.
arguments
arg1 Address inside the function range to delete.
result
1.4. Commands 91
functionlist
List user-defined functions in reference view.
arguments
result
$resultwill be set to the number of user-defined functions.
functionclear
Delete all functions in all modules.
arguments
result
argumentadd
Add a argument.
arguments
arg1 argument range start.

arg2 argument range end.
result
argumentdel
Delete a argument.
arguments
arg1 Address inside the argument range to delete.

result
argumentlist
List user-defined arguments in reference view.
arguments
result
$resultwill be set to the number of user-defined arguments.
argumentclear
Delete all arguments in all modules.
arguments
result
1.4.13 Analysis
This section contains commands that are used for analysis.

Contents:
analyse/analyze/anal
Do function analysis.
arguments
result
1.4. Commands 93
exanalyse/exanalyze/exanal
Do exception directory analysis. This kind of analysis doesn’t work on 32-bit executables.
arguments
results
cfanalyze/cfanalyse/cfanal
Do control flow analysis in the module selected in the disassembly view.
arguments
results
analyse_nukem/analyze_nukem/anal_nukem
Do function analysis using nukem’s algorithm.
arguments
result
analxrefs/analx
Do xrefs analysis in the module selected in the disassembly view.
arguments

results
analrecur/analr
Do single function analysis.
arguments
arg1 The base address of the function to analyze.
results
analadv
Do function analysis, embedded data analysis and xref analysis.
arguments
results
virtualmod
Tell the debugger to treat a memory range as a virtual module.
arguments
arg1 the user-supplied module name.

arg2 the base of the memory range.
[arg3] the size of the memory range.
result
1.4. Commands 95
symdownload/downloadsym
Attempt to download a symbol from a Symbol Store.
arguments
[arg1] Module name (with or without extension) to attempt to download symbols for. When not specified, an
attempt will be done to download symbols for all loaded modules.
[arg2] Symbol Store URL. When not specified, the default store will be used.
result
symload/loadsym
Attempt to load a symbol from disk.
arguments
arg1 Module name (with or without extension) to attempt to load symbols for.
arg2 Path to the symbol file.
[arg3] Force load. Set to 1 to skip symbol validation.
result
symunload/unloadsym
Unload a symbol.
arguments
arg1 Module name (with or without extension) to unload symbols from.
result
imageinfo
Output the image information for a module. The information describes the Characteristics and DLL Characteristics
fields in the PE header structure.

arguments
[arg1] The base of the module. If not specified the module at CIP will be used.
results
GetRelocSize/grs
Get the correct size of a relocation table. This is useful while unpacking and restoring the original relocation table.
arguments
arg1 The address of the relocation table to analyze.
results
The found size of the relocation table is stored in $result.
exhandlers
Print all exception handlers, including SEH(StructuredExceptionHandler), VEH(VectoredExceptionHandler),

VCH(VectoredContinueHandler) and UnhandledExceptionFilter, into the log.
arguments
This command has no arguments
results
exinfo
Print the EXCEPTION_DEBUG_INFO structure from the last exception.

Sample output:
EXCEPTION_DEBUG_INFO:
dwFirstChance: 1
ExceptionCode: 80000001 (EXCEPTION_GUARD_PAGE)
ExceptionFlags: 00000000
ExceptionAddress: 00007FFE16FB1B91 ntdll.00007FFE16FB1B91
NumberParameters: 2
ExceptionInformation[00]: 0000000000000008
ExceptionInformation[01]: 00007FFE16FB1B91 ntdll.00007FFE16FB1B91
1.4. Commands 97
arguments
This command has no arguments
results
traceexecute
Tell the debugger that an address has been traced.
arguments
arg1 The address.
result
1.4.14 Types
This section contains commands that are used to manipulate data types.
Contents:
DataUnknown
Mark data at address as Unknown.
arguments
arg1 The address you want to mark.

[arg2] Size (in bytes) to mark, when not set this defaults to 1.
result
DataByte/db
Mark data at address as Byte.

arguments

result
DataWord/dw
Mark data at address as Word.
arguments

result
DataDword/dw
Mark data at address as Dword.
arguments

result
DataFword
Mark data at address as Fword.
arguments

1.4. Commands 99
result
DataQword/dq
Mark data at address as Qword.
arguments

result
DataTbyte
Mark data at address as Tbyte.
arguments

result
DataOword
Mark data at address as Oword.
arguments

result

DataMmword
Mark data at address as Mmword.
arguments

result
DataXmmword
Mark data at address as Xmmword.
arguments

result
DataYmmword
Mark data at address as Ymmword.
arguments

result
DataFloat/DataReal4/df
Mark data at address as Float.
1.4. Commands 101

arguments

result
DataDouble/DataReal8
Mark data at address as Double.
arguments

result
DataLongdouble/DataReal10
Mark data at address as Long double.
arguments

result
DataAscii/da
Mark data at address as Ascii.
arguments


result
DataUnicode/du
Mark data at address as Unicode.
arguments

result
DataCode/dc
Mark data at address as Code.
arguments

result
DataJunk
Mark data at address as Junk.
arguments

result
1.4. Commands 103

DataMiddle
Mark data at address as Middle.
arguments

result
AddType
Add a type alias.
arguments
arg1 An existing type.

arg2 The new type alias.
result
AddStruct
Add a new struct.
arguments
arg1 The type name of the struct.
result
AddUnion
Add a new union.

arguments
arg1 The type name of the union.
result
AddMember
Add a new member to the end of a struct/union.
arguments
arg1 The type name of the struct/union (parent).

arg2 The type of the new member.
arg3 The name of the new member.
[arg4] The array size. A value greater than zero will make this member an array.
[arg5] Offset from the start of the structure, only use this for implicitly padded structures. Overlapping with other
members is not allowed.
result
AppendMember
Add a new member to the end of the last manipulated struct/union.
arguments
arg1 The type of the new member.

arg2 The name of the new member.
[arg3] The array size. A value greater than zero will make this member an array.
[arg4] Offset from the start of the structure, only use this for implicitly padded structures. Overlapping with other
members is not allowed.
result
1.4. Commands 105

AddFunction
Add a new function.
arguments
arg1 The type name of the function.

arg2 The return type.
[arg3] Calling convention, choose between cdecl, stdcall, thiscall and delphi.
[arg4] Set to nonzero to mark this function as noreturn.
result
AddArg
Add a new argument to the end of a function.
arguments
arg1 The type name of the function (parent).

arg2 The type of the new argument.
arg3 The name of the new argument.
result
AppendArg
Add a new argument to the end of the last manipulated function.
arguments
arg1 The type of the new argument.

arg2 The name of the new argument.
result

SizeofType
Get the size of a type.
arguments
arg1 Name of the type.
result
This command will set $result to the size of the type.
VisitType
Visit a type and print its members.
arguments
arg1 The type to visit.

[arg2] Address to print from. If not specified (or zero) the type will be printed without values.
[arg3] Maximum pointer resolution depth (default is 0). This can be used to also display structures (and values)
pointed to by members of the type you are visiting.
result
ClearTypes
Clear all types.
arguments
[arg1] The owner to clear. Leave this empty unless you know what you’re doing.
result
RemoveType
Remove a type.
1.4. Commands 107

arguments
arg1 The type to remove.
result
EnumTypes
Enumerate all types.
arguments
result
LoadTypes
Load types from a JSON file.
arguments
arg1 The path to the JSON file. The owner of the loaded types will be the filename of the JSON file. Any types
previously defined with this owner will be removed.
result
ParseTypes
Parse and load types from a header file.
arguments
arg1 The path to the header file. The owner of the loaded types will be the filename of the header file. Any types
previously defined with this owner will be removed.
result

1.4.15 Plugins
This section contains debugger-embedded plugin commands.

Contents:
StartScylla/scylla/imprec
Start the Scylla plugin auto-selecting the currently debugged DLL/EXE and EIP/RIP as entry point.
arguments
result
plugload/pluginload/loadplugin
Load a plugin.
arguments
arg1 Name of the plugin.
result
plugunload/pluginunload/unloadplugin
Unload a plugin.
arguments
arg1 Name of the plugin.
result
1.4. Commands 109

1.4.16 Script Commands
This section contains various commands that are only used or available in a scripting context. Commands that also
exist in a non-scripting context have priority.
Contents:
call
A call works exactly the same as an uncondentional branch, but it places it’s address on the script stack.
arguments
arg1 The label to jump to.
result
invalid
Invalid command to throw an error message. This command will halt the script execution.
arguments
result
error
Show an error message and terminate the script.
arguments
arg1 The error message to show.
result

Jxx/IFxx
There are various branches that can react on the flags set by the cmp (and maybe other) command(s):
• unconditional branch - jmp/goto
• branch if not equal - jne/ifne(q)/jnz/ifnz
• branch if equal - je/ife(q)/jz/ifz
• branch if smaller - jb/ifb/jl/ifl
• branch if bigger - ja/ifa/jg/ifg
• branch if bigger/equal - jbe/ifbe(q)/jle/ifle(q)
• branch if smaller/equal - jae/ifae(q)/jge/ifge(q)
arguments
arg1 The label to jump to.
result
log
Put information in the log.
arguments
[arg1] Format string (see String Formatting). When not specified, a newline will be logged. When using a for-
mat string it is recommended to use quotes to avoid ambiguity with the ; (command separator): ``log "{mem;
8@rax}"``.
result
msg
Display a message box.
arguments
arg1 Message box text. You can use String Formatting here.
1.4. Commands 111

result
msgyn
Display a message box, asking the user to answer yes or no.
arguments
arg1 Message box text. You can use String Formatting here.
result
The $result variable will be set to 1 when the user answered yes. Otherwise it’s set to 0.
pause
Halt the script execution. The user can resume the script after this command.
arguments
result
printstack[,logstack]
Print the stack trace in the log.
arguments
result
ret
When called without an entry on the stack, this command will end the script and set the script IP to the first line. When
‘call’ was executed before, ret will return from that call.

arguments
result
scriptload
Load a script file.
arguments
arg1 Script file to load.
result
scriptdll/dllscript
Execute a script DLL.
arguments
arg1 The filename and path of the script DLL. If a full path is not provided x64dbg will look in the scripts
directory for the DLL.
results
This command does not set any result variables. However, the script DLL may set any variable.
remarks
A script DLL is a DLL that exports either AsyncStart() or Start() function.

If the DLL exports AsyncStart() function, then x64dbg will call this function on a separate thread. If the DLL
exports Start() function, then x64dbg will call this function on the current thread, blocking any further com-
mand execution until the script DLL finishes execution. If both AsyncStart() and Start() are exported, only
AsyncStart() will be executed. Any return value of AsyncStart() and Start() will not be used by x64dbg.
After AsyncStart() or Start() finishes, the script DLL will be unloaded from the process.
scriptcmd
Execute a command in the context of a running script.
1.4. Commands 113

arguments
Unlike other commands this command forwards everything after scriptcmd directly to the command processor.
For example scriptcmd add rax, 0x1245 will execute the command add rax, 0x1234.
result
example
This command can be used in combination with SetBreakpointCommand to execute scripts on breakpoint callbacks:
fn_addr = module.dll:$0x1234 // module.dll RVA 0x1234

bp fn_addr
SetBreakpointCommand fn_addr, "scriptcmd call mycallback"
// make sure the script is not unloaded
mycallback:
log "fn({arg.get(0)}, {arg.get(1)})"
ret
1.4.17 GUI
This section describes the commands that control various portions of the GUI.
Contents:
disasm/dis/d
Disassemble at a certain position.
arguments
[arg1] The address to disassemble at. When not specified, there will be disassembled at CIP.
result
dump
Dump at a certain position.

arguments
arg1 The address to dump at.
result
sdump
Dump the stack at a certain position.
arguments
[arg1] The address to dump at (must be inside the thread stack range). If not specified, csp will be used.
result
memmapdump
Follow an address in the memory map.
arguments
arg1 The address to follow.
result
graph
Graph the control flow of function in the graph view.
arguments
[arg1] The address of the function. The default value is EIP or RIP. [arg2] Options. If it contains “force” the
graph will be reanalyzed, if it contains “silent” no messages will be printed on the console.
results
1.4. Commands 115

guiupdateenable
Enables GUI update after guiupdatedisable is executed.
arguments
[arg0] If not 0, tells the debugger to update its GUI immediately.
result
guiupdatedisable
Disable GUI update. This can speed up script execution.
arguments
result
setfreezestack
Set if the stack should be frozen.
arguments
arg1 ‘0’ for unfrozen, ‘1’ for frozen.
result
refinit
Initialize reference view for command usage.
arguments
[arg1] The title of the new reference view. You can use String Formatting here.

result
refadd
Add an entry to the reference view. You need to call ‘refinit’ before using refadd.
arguments
arg1 Address to put in the reference view.

arg2 Text to put after the address. You can use String Formatting here.
result
reget
Retrieve the address of a reference.
arguments
arg1 Zero-based index of the reference address to retrieve.
result
The $result variable will be set to the address of the requested reference (zero on failure).
EnableLog/LogEnable
Enable the log output.
arguments
results
DisableLog/LogDisable
Disable the log output. New log messages will not be appended to the log view, but they will still be saved in the log
file if log redirection is enabled in the log view.
1.4. Commands 117

arguments
results
ClearLog/cls/lc/lclr
Clear the log window.
arguments
result
AddFavouriteTool
Add a tool in the favourites menu.

Note: You can use %PID% in the path. This special placeholder will be replaced by the PID of the debuggee before
the tool is launched.
arguments
arg1 The path of the tool.

[arg2] The optional description of the tool. When this is set, it is displayed in the menu instead of the full path.
results
AddFavouriteCommand
Add a command in the favourites menu.
arguments
arg1 The command to add.

[arg2] The optional shortcut key for the command.

results
AddFavouriteToolShortcut/SetFavouriteToolShortcut
Set the shortcut key for an existing favourite tool.
arguments
arg1 The full path of an existing favourite tool.

arg2 The shortcut key for it.
results
FoldDisassembly
Fold the disassembly within the specified range.
arguments
arg1 The start address of the range.

arg2 The length of the range.
results
1.4.18 Miscellaneous
This section contains all commands that do not directly fit in another section.
Contents:
chd
Change current directory (SetCurrentDirectory).
arguments
arg1 Path of a directory to change to.
1.4. Commands 119

result
zzz/doSleep
Halt execution for some time (equivalent of calling kernel32.Sleep).
arguments
[arg1] Time (in milliseconds) to sleep. If not specified this is set to 100ms (0.1 second). Keep in mind that input is
in hex per default so Sleep 100 will actually sleep 256 milliseconds (use Sleep .100 instead).
result
HideDebugger/dbh/hide
Hide the debugger from (very) simple detection methods. The PEB will be modified so that
IsDebuggerPresent() will return false.
arguments
result
loadlib
Load a DLL into debugged program memory.
arguments
arg1 The name/path of the module to load.
result
The $result variable will be set to the address of the loaded library.
asm
Assemble an instruction.

arguments
arg1 Address to place the assembled instruction at.

arg2 Instruction text. You can use String Formatting here.
[arg3] When specified the remainder of the previous instruction will be filled with NOPs.
result
$result will be set to the assembled instruction size. 0 on failure.
gpa
Get the address of an export inside a DLL.
arguments
arg1 Export name.

[arg2] DLL name.
result
The $resultvariable is set to the export address. When the export is not found, $resultwill be set to 0.
setjit/jitset
Set the Just-In-Time Debugger in Windows. In WIN64 systems there are two JIT entries: one for a x32 debugger and
other for a x64 debugger. In a WIN64 system when a x32 process crash: Windows attach the x32 debugger stored in
the x32-JIT entry.
Important notes:
• Its possible change the x32-JIT entry from the x64 debugger (using the x32 arg).
• Its possible change the x64-JIT entry from the x32 debugger ONLY if the x32 debugger its running in a WIN64
System (using the x64 arg).
arguments
Without arguments: Set the current debugger as JIT.

arg1
1. oldsave: Set the current debugger as JIT and save the last JIT entry.
2. restore: Set the old JIT entry stored as JIT and remove it from debugger db.
3. old (without arg2): Set the old JIT entry stored as new JIT.
4. old (with arg2): Set the arg2 as old JIT entry stored.
5. x32: Set the arg2 as new x32-JIT entry.
1.4. Commands 121

6. x64: Set the arg2 as new x64-JIT entry.
result
getjit/jitget
Get the Just-In-Time Debugger in Windows. In WIN64 systems there are two JIT entries: one for a x32 debugger and
other for a x64 debugger. In a WIN64 system when a x32 process crash: Windows attach the x32 debugger stored in
the x32-JIT entry.
Important notes:
• Its possible get the x32-JIT entry from the x64 debugger (using the x32 arg).
• Its possible get the x64-JIT entry from the x32 debugger ONLY if the x32 debugger its running in a WIN64
System (using the x64 arg).
arguments
Without arguments: Get the current JIT debugger.

arg2
1. old: Get the old JIT entry stored.
2. x32: Get the x32-JIT entry.x64: Get the x64-JIT entry.
result
getjitauto/jitgetauto
Get the Auto Just-In-Time Debugger FLAG in Windows. if this flag value its TRUE Windows runs the debugger
without user confirmation when a process crash. In WIN64 systems there are two JIT AUTO FLAG entries: one for
a x32 debugger and other for a x64 debugger. In a WIN64 system when a x32 process crash with AUTO FLAG =
FALSE: Windows confirm before attach the x32 debugger stored in the x32-JIT entry.
Important notes:
• Its possible get the x32-JIT AUTO FLAG entry from the x64 debugger (using the x32 arg).
• Its possible get the x64-JIT AUTO FLAG entry from the x32 debugger ONLY if the x32 debugger its running
in a WIN64 System (using the x64 arg).
arguments
without args: Get current JIT entry FLAG.

arg1
1. x32: Get the x32-JIT AUTO FLAG.

2. x64: Get the x64-JIT AUTO FLAG.
result
setjitauto/jitsetauto
Set the Auto Just-In-Time Debugger FLAG in Windows. if this flag value its TRUE Windows runs the debugger
without user confirmation when a process crash. In WIN64 systems there are two JIT AUTO FLAG entries: one for
a x32 debugger and other for a x64 debugger. In a WIN64 system when a x32 process crash with AUTO FLAG =
FALSE: Windows confirm before attach the x32 debugger stored in the x32-JIT entry.
Important notes:
• Its possible set the x32-JIT AUTO FLAG entry from the x64 debugger (using the x32 arg).
• Its possible set the x64-JIT AUTO FLAG entry from the x32 debugger ONLY if the x32 debugger its running in
a WIN64 System (using the x64 arg).
arguments
arg1
1. 1/ON: Set current JIT entry FLAG as TRUE.
2. 0/FALSE: Set current JIT entry FLAG as FALSE.
3. x32: Set the x32-JIT AUTO FLAG TRUE or FALSE. It needs an arg2: can be ON/1 or OFF/0.
4. x64: Set the x64-JIT AUTO FLAG TRUE or FALSE. It needs an arg2: can be ON/1 or OFF/0.
result
getcommandline/getcmdline
It gets the actual command line.
arguments
result
setcommandline/setcmdline
It changes the command line data.
1.4. Commands 123

arguments
arg1 New command line.
result
mnemonichelp
Output the detailed help information about an assembly mnemonic to the log.
arguments
arg1 the mnemonic name
result
mnemonicbrief
Output the brief help information about an assembly mnemonic to the log.
arguments
arg1 the mnemonic name
result
config
Get or set the configuration of x64dbg. It can also be used to load and store configuration specific to the script in the
configuration file of x64dbg.
arguments
arg1 Section name of the INI file.

arg2 Key name of the INI file.
[arg3] Optional new value of the configuration. If this argument is set to a number, it will be stored in the con-
figuration file and $result is not updated. If this argument is not set, the current configuration will be read into
$result.

results
This command sets $result to the current configuration number if arg3 is not set.
1.5 Developers
The x64dbg can be automated and extended in various ways: by the use of x64dbg script, scriptdll/dllscript, a script
written in a language provided by a scripting plugin, or an x64dbg plugin.
This section contains documentation intended to help developers to write code related to this program.
Contents:
1.5.1 Plugins
This section describes various plugin functions for x64dbg.

You can install plugins by copying the *.dp32 (x32 plugins) or *.dp64 (x64 plugins) to the ‘plugins’ directory.
Contents:
The basics
This page covers the basic principles of plugin development for x64dbg. See the plugin page for example plugins and
templates.
Exports
A plugin has at least one export. This export must be called pluginit. See the PLUG_INITSTRUCT and the plugin
headers for more information. The other valid exports are:
plugstop called when the plugin is about to be unloaded. Remove all registered commands and callbacks here.
Also clean up plugin data.
plugsetup Called when the plugin initialization was successful, here you can register menus and other GUI-related
things.
CB* Instead of calling _plugin_registercallback, you can create a CDECL export which has the name of the
callback. For example when you create an export called CBMENUENTRY, this will be registered as your callback for
the event CB_MENUENTRY. Notice that you should not use an underscore in the export name.
CBALLEVENTS An export with the name CBALLEVENTS will get every event registered to it. This is done prior to
registering optional other export names.
Definitions
Initialization exports.
extern "C" __declspec(dllexport) bool pluginit(PLUG_INITSTRUCT* initStruct);

extern "C" __declspec(dllexport) bool plugstop();
extern "C" __declspec(dllexport) void plugsetup(PLUG_SETUPSTRUCT* setupStruct);
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Callback exports. Make sure to only export callbacks that you actually use!
extern "C" __declspec(dllexport) void CBINITDEBUG(CBTYPE cbType, PLUG_CB_INITDEBUG*

˓→info);
extern "C" __declspec(dllexport) void CBSTOPDEBUG(CBTYPE cbType, PLUG_CB_STOPDEBUG*

˓→info);
extern "C" __declspec(dllexport) void CBEXCEPTION(CBTYPE cbType, PLUG_CB_EXCEPTION*

˓→info);
extern "C" __declspec(dllexport) void CBDEBUGEVENT(CBTYPE cbType, PLUG_CB_DEBUGEVENT*

˓→info);
extern "C" __declspec(dllexport) void CBMENUENTRY(CBTYPE cbType, PLUG_CB_MENUENTRY*

˓→info);
Notes
The following coding guide are helpful to make your plugin more complaint.
Character encoding
x64dbg uses UTF-8 encoding everywhere it accepts a string. If you are passing a string to x64dbg, ensure that it is
converted to UTF-8 encoding. This will help to reduce encoding errors.
Functions
This section contains information about the _plugin_ prefixed functions exported by x64dbg.
Contents:
_plugin_debugpause
This function returns debugger control to the user. You would use this function when you write an unpacker that needs
support from x64dbg (for example in development). Calling this function will set the debug state to ‘paused’ and it
will not return until the user runs the debuggee using the run command .
void _plugin_debugpause();
Parameters
This function has no parameters.
Return Values
This function does not return a value.
_plugin_debugskipexceptions
This function returns sets if the debugger should skip first-chance exceptions. This is useful when creating unpackers
or other plugins that run the debuggee.

void _plugin_debugskipexceptions(
bool skip //skip flag
);
Parameters
skip Flag if we need to skip first-chance exceptions or not.
Return Values
_plugin_logprintf
This function prints a message to the log window.
void _plugin_logprintf(
const char* format, //format string
... //additional arguments
);
Parameters
format Format string that has the same specifications as printf.

... Additional arguments (when needed by the format string).
Return Values
_plugin_logputs
This function prints a single line to the log window.
void _plugin_logputs(
const char* text //text to print
);
Parameters
text Piece of text to put to the log window. This text can contain line breaks.
Return Values
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_plugin_menuadd
This function adds a new child menu to a menu.
int _plugin_menuadd(
int hMenu, //menu handle to add the new child menu to
const char* title //child menu title
);
Parameters
hMenu Menu handle from a previously-added child menu or from the main plugin menu.
title Menu title.
Return Values
Returns the child menu handle (unique), -1 on failure.
_plugin_menuaddentry
This function adds a menu entry to a menu.
bool _plugin_menuaddentry(
int hMenu, //menu handle to add the new child menu to
int hEntry, //plugin-wide identifier for the menu entry
const char* title //menu entry title
);
Parameters
hEntry A plugin-wide identifier for the menu entry. This is the value you will get in the
PLUG_CB_MENUENTRY callback structure.
title Menu entry title.
Return Values
Returns true when the entry was added without problems, false otherwise.
_plugin_menuaddseparator
bool _plugin_menuaddseparator(
int hMenu //menu handle to add the separator to
);

Parameters
Return Values
Returns true on success.
_plugin_menuclear
This function removes all entries and child menus from a menu. It will not remove the menu itself.
bool _plugin_menuclear (
int hMenu //menu handle of the menu to clear
);
Parameters
Return Values
_plugin_menuentryseticon
This function sets an icon to a menu entry.
void _plugin_menuentryseticon (
int pluginHandle, //plugin handle
int hEntry, //handle of the menu entry
const ICONDATA* icon //icon data
);
Parameters
pluginHandle Handle of the calling plugin.

hEntry Menu handle from a previously-added child menu or from the main plugin menu.
icon Icon data. See bridgemain.h for a definition.
Return Values
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_plugin_menuentrysetchecked
This function sets the checked state of a menu entry. Notice that this function sets a menu item as checkable and thus
it will toggle per default on click. If you want different behavior, make sure to call this function on every click with
your desired state.
void _plugin_menuentrysetchecked (
int hEntry, //handle of the menu entry
bool checked //new checked state
);
Parameters

hEntry Menu handle from a previously-added child menu or from the main plugin menu.
checked New checked state.
Return Values
_plugin_menuseticon
This function sets an icon to a menu.
void _plugin_menuseticon (
int hMenu, //handle of the menu
const ICONDATA* icon //icon data
);
Parameters
icon Icon data. See bridgemain.h for a definition.
Return Values
_plugin_registercallback
This function registers an event callback for a plugin. Every plugin can have it’s own callbacks for every event. It is
not possible to have multiple callbacks on the same event.

void _plugin_registercallback(
CBTYPE cbType, //event type
CBPLUGIN cbPlugin //callback function
);
Parameters

cbType The event type. This can be any of the following values:
CB_INITDEBUG , //callbackInfo: PLUG_CB_INITDEBUG*
CB_STOPDEBUG , //callbackInfo: PLUG_CB_STOPDEBUG*
CB_CREATEPROCESS , //callbackInfo: PLUG_CB_CREATEPROCESS*
CB_EXITPROCESS , //callbackInfo: PLUG_CB_EXITPROCESS*
CB_CREATETHREAD , //callbackInfo: PLUG_CB_CREATETHREAD*
CB_EXITTHREAD , //callbackInfo: PLUG_CB_EXITTHREAD*
CB_SYSTEMBREAKPOINT , //callbackInfo: PLUG_CB_SYSTEMBREAKPOINT*
CB_LOADDLL , //callbackInfo: PLUG_CB_LOADDLL*
CB_UNLOADDLL , //callbackInfo: PLUG_CB_UNLOADDLL*
CB_OUTPUTDEBUGSTRING , //callbackInfo: PLUG_CB_OUTPUTDEBUGSTRING*
CB_EXCEPTION , //callbackInfo: PLUG_CB_EXCEPTION*
CB_BREAKPOINT , //callbackInfo: PLUG_CB_BREAKPOINT*
CB_PAUSEDEBUG , //callbackInfo: PLUG_CB_PAUSEDEBUG*
CB_RESUMEDEBUG , //callbackInfo: PLUG_CB_RESUMEDEBUG*
CB_STEPPED , //callbackInfo: PLUG_CB_STEPPED*
CB_ATTACH , //callbackInfo: PLUG_CB_ATTACHED*
CB_DETACH , //callbackInfo: PLUG_CB_DETACHED*
CB_DEBUGEVENT , //callbackInfo: PLUG_CB_DEBUGEVENT*
CB_MENUENTRY , //callbackInfo: PLUG_CB_MENUENTRY*
CB_WINEVENT , //callbackInfo: PLUG_CB_WINEVENT*
CB_WINEVENTGLOBAL , //callbackInfo: PLUG_CB_WINEVENTGLOBAL*
CB_LOADDB , //callbackInfo: PLUG_CB_LOADSAVEDB*
CB_SAVEDB , //callbackInfo: PLUG_CB_LOADSAVEDB*
CB_FILTERSYMBOL , //callbackInfo: PLUG_CB_FILTERSYMBOL*
CB_TRACEEXECUTE , //callbackInfo: PLUG_CB_TRACEEXECUTE*
cbPlugin Callback with the following typdef:
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void CBPLUGIN(
CBTYPE bType //event type (useful when you use the same function for multiple events
void* callbackInfo //pointer to a structure of information (see above)
);
Return Values
_plugin_registercommand
This function registers a command for usage inside scripts or the command bar.
bool _plugin_registercommand(
const char* command, //command name
CBPLUGINCOMMAND cbCommand, //function that is called when the command is executed
bool debugonly //restrict the command to debug-only
);
Parameters

command Command name.
cbCommand Callback with the following typedef:
bool CBPLUGINCOMMAND(
int argc //argument count (number of arguments + 1)
char* argv[] //array of arguments (argv[0] is the full command, arguments start at
˓→argv[1])
);
debugonly When set, the command will never be executed when there is no target is being debugged.
Return Values
This function returns true when the command was successfully registered, make sure to check this, other plugins may
have already registered the same command.
_plugin_unregistercallback
This plugin unregisters a previously set callback. It is only possible to remove callbacks that were previously set using
_plugin_registercallback.
bool _plugin_unregistercallback(
CBTYPE cbType //callback type to remove
);

Parameters

cbType The event type. This can be any of the following values:
• CB_INITDEBUG,
• CB_STOPDEBUG,
• CB_CREATEPROCESS,
• CB_EXITPROCESS,
• CB_CREATETHREAD,
• CB_EXITTHREAD,
• CB_SYSTEMBREAKPOINT,
• CB_LOADDLL,
• CB_UNLOADDLL,
• CB_OUTPUTDEBUGSTRING,
• CB_EXCEPTION,
• CB_BREAKPOINT,
• CB_PAUSEDEBUG,
• CB_RESUMEDEBUG,
• CB_STEPPED,
• CB_ATTACH,
• CB_DETACH,
• CB_DEBUGEVENT,
• CB_MENUENTRY,
• CB_WINEVENT,
• CB_WINEVENTGLOBAL
Return Values
This function returns true when the callback was removed without problems.
_plugin_unregistercommand
This function removes a command set by a plugin. It is only possible to remove commands that you previously
registered using _plugin_registercommand.
bool _plugin_unregistercommand(
const char* command //command name
);
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Parameters

command Command name.
Return Values
This function returns true when the callback was removed without problems.
_plugin_waituntilpaused
Wait until the debugger paused.

bool _plugin_waituntilpaused();
Parameters
This function does not have any arguments.
Return Values
This command returns true if the debuggee is still active, returns false if the debuggee has stopped running.
_plugin_hash
This function allows you to hash some data. It is used by x64dbg in various places.
bool _plugin_hash(
const void* data, //data to hash
duint size //size (in bytes) of the data to hash
);
Parameters
data Data to hash

size Size (in bytes) of the data to hash.
Return Values
Returns the hash.
Structures
This section describes the various plugin SDK structures.

Contents:

PLUG_INITSTRUCT
This structure is used by the only needed export in the plugin interface:
struct PLUG_INITSTRUCT
{
//data provided by the debugger to the plugin.
[IN] int pluginHandle; //handle of the plugin
//data provided by the plugin to the debugger (required).

[OUT] int sdkVersion; //plugin SDK version, use the PLUG_SDKVERSION define for
˓→this
[OUT] int pluginVersion; //plugin version, useful for crash reports

[OUT] char pluginName[256]; //plugin name, also useful for crash reports
};
PLUG_SETUPSTRUCT
This structure is used by the function that allows the creation of plugin menu entries:
struct PLUG_SETUPSTRUCT
{
//data provided by the debugger to the plugin.
[IN] HWND hwndDlg; //GUI window handle
[IN] int hMenu; //plugin menu handle
[IN] int hMenuDisasm; //plugin disasm menu handle
[IN] int hMenuDump; //plugin dump menu handle
[IN] int hMenuStack; //plugin stack menu handle
};
Callback Structures
This section describes the various plugin SDK callback structures.

These structures are used inside event callbacks (registered using _plugin_registercallback).
Notice that the pointer ‘void* callbackInfo’ is never NULL, but the members of the various structures can be NULL.
Also remember that you cannot use any of the provided pointers out of the callback function scope.
In general AVOID time-consuming operations inside callbacks, do these in separate threads.
You can register a callback with _plugin_registercallback function. The type definition for the callbacks is:
void CBPLUGIN(
CBTYPE bType //event type (useful when you use the same function for multiple events
void* callbackInfo //pointer to a structure of information (see below)
);
Contents:
PLUG_CB_INITDEBUG
Called on debug initialization, useful to initialize some variables:
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struct PLUG_CB_INITDEBUG
{
const char* szFileName;
};
PLUG_CB_STOPDEBUG
Called when the debugging has been stopped, useful to reset some variables:
struct PLUG_CB_STOPDEBUG
{
void* reserved;
};
PLUG_CB_CREATEPROCESS
Called after process creation (in the debug loop), after the initialization of the symbol handler, the database file and
setting breakpoints on TLS callbacks / the entry breakpoint:
struct PLUG_CB_CREATEPROCESS
{
CREATE_PROCESS_DEBUG_INFO* CreateProcessInfo;
IMAGEHLP_MODULE64* modInfo;
const char* DebugFileName;
PROCESS_INFORMATION* fdProcessInfo;
};
PLUG_CB_EXITPROCESS
Called after the process exits (in the debug loop), before the symbol handler is cleaned up:
struct PLUG_CB_EXITPROCESS
{
EXIT_PROCESS_DEBUG_INFO* ExitProcess;
};
PLUG_CB_CREATETHREAD
Called after thread creation (in the debug loop), after adding the thread to the internal thread list, before breaking the
debugger on thread creation and after setting breakpoints on the thread entry:
struct PLUG_CB_CREATETHREAD
{
CREATE_THREAD_DEBUG_INFO* CreateThread;
DWORD dwThreadId;
};

PLUG_CB_EXITTHREAD
Called after thread termination (in the debug loop), before the thread is removed from the internal thread list, before
breaking on thread termination:
struct PLUG_CB_EXITTHREAD
{
EXIT_THREAD_DEBUG_INFO* ExitThread;
DWORD dwThreadId;
};
PLUG_CB_SYSTEMBREAKPOINT
Called at the system breakpoint (in the debug loop), after setting the initial dump location, before breaking the debugger
on the system breakpoint:
struct PLUG_CB_SYSTEMBREAKPOINT
{
void* reserved;
};
PLUG_CB_LOADDLL
Called on DLL loading (in the debug loop), after the DLL has been added to the internal library list, after setting the
DLL entry breakpoint:
struct PLUG_CB_LOADDLL
{
LOAD_DLL_DEBUG_INFO* LoadDll;
IMAGEHLP_MODULE64* modInfo;
const char* modname;
};
PLUG_CB_UNLOADDLL
Called on DLL unloading (in the debug loop), before removing the DLL from the internal library list, before breaking
on DLL unloading:
struct PLUG_CB_UNLOADDLL
{
UNLOAD_DLL_DEBUG_INFO* UnloadDll;
};
PLUG_CB_OUTPUTDEBUGSTRING
Called on a DebugString event (in the debug loop), before dumping the string to the log, before breaking on a debug
string:
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struct PLUG_CB_OUTPUTDEBUGSTRING
{
OUTPUT_DEBUG_STRING_INFO* DebugString;
};
PLUG_CB_EXCEPTION
Called on an unhandled (by the debugger) exception (in the debug loop), after setting the continue status, after locking
the debugger to pause:
struct PLUG_CB_EXCEPTION
{
EXCEPTION_DEBUG_INFO* Exception;
};
PLUG_CB_BREAKPOINT
Called on a normal/memory/hardware breakpoint (in the debug loop), after locking the debugger to pause:
struct PLUG_CB_BREAKPOINT
{
BRIDGEBP* breakpoint;
};
PLUG_CB_PAUSEDEBUG
Called after the debugger has been locked to pause (in the debug loop), before any other callback that’s before pausing
the debugger:
struct PLUG_CB_PAUSEDEBUG
{
void* reserved;
};
PLUG_CB_RESUMEDEBUG
Called after the debugger has been unlocked to resume (outside of the debug loop:
struct PLUG_CB_RESUMEDEBUG
{
void* reserved;
};
PLUG_CB_STEPPED
Called after the debugger stepped (in the debug loop), after locking the debugger to pause:

struct PLUG_CB_STEPPED
{
void* reserved;
};
PLUG_CB_ATTACH
Called before attaching to a process:
struct PLUG_CB_ATTACH
{
DWORD dwProcessId;
};
PLUG_CB_DETACH
Called before detaching from the process:
struct PLUG_CB_DETACH
{
PROCESS_INFORMATION* fdProcessInfo;
};
PLUG_CB_DEBUGEVENT
Called on any debug event, even the ones that are handled internally.
Avoid doing stuff that takes time here, this will slow the debugger down a lot!:
struct PLUG_CB_DEBUGEVENT
{
DEBUG_EVENT* DebugEvent;
};
PLUG_CB_MENUENTRY
Called when a menu entry created by the plugin has been clicked, the GUI will resume when this callback returns:
struct PLUG_CB_MENUENTRY
{
int hEntry;
};
PLUG_CB_WINEVENT
Called before TranslateMessage and DispatchMessage Windows functions (PreTranslateMessage).

Avoid calling user32 functions without precautions here, there will be a recursive call if you fail to take countermea-
sures:
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struct PLUG_CB_WINEVENT
{
MSG* message;
long* result;
bool retval; //only set this to true if you want Qt to ignore the event.
};
PLUG_CB_WINEVENTGLOBAL
Called before TranslateMessage and DispatchMessage Windows functions (PreTranslateMessage).

Avoid calling user32 functions without precautions here, there will be a recursive call if you fail to take countermea-
sures.
This function is global, so it also captures hotkeys (see Qt documentation). In Qt5 this function is almost never called,
use PLUG_CB_WINEVENT instead.
struct PLUG_CB_WINEVENTGLOBAL
{
MSG* message;
bool retval; //only set this to true if you want Qt to ignore the event.
};
PLUG_CB_LOADSAVEDB
Load or save data to database. Data is retrieved or stored or retrieved in a JSON format:
Two constants are defined in the _plugins.h file for the loadSaveType:
PLUG_DB_LOADSAVE_DATA PLUG_DB_LOADSAVE_ALL
struct PLUG_CB_LOADSAVEDB
{
json_t* root;
int loadSaveType;
};
PLUG_CB_FILTERSYMBOL
Called before a symbol is emitted to the automatic labels. Set retval to false if you want to filter the symbol.
struct PLUG_CB_FILTERSYMBOL
{
const char* symbol;
bool retval;
};
PLUG_CB_TRACEEXECUTE
Called during conditional tracing. Set the stop member to true to stop tracing.

struct PLUG_CB_TRACEEXECUTE
{
duint cip;
bool stop;
};
1.5.2 Functions
This section describes functions in the bridge. Many are currently undocumented, help if you can!
Contents:
Bridge Functions
This section contains information about the Bridge functions of x64dbg.

Please note: Bridge functions are handled by x64dbg and should not normally be called by any third party
program or plugin - they are included for documentation purposes.
Contents:
BridgeAlloc
Function description.
void* BridgeAlloc(
size_t size // memory size to allocate
);
Parameters
size Memory size (in bytes) to allocate.
Return Value
Returns a pointer to the memory block allocated. If an error occurs allocating memory, then x64dbg is closed down.
Example
auto ptr = (char*)BridgeAlloc(128);

//do something with ptr
BridgeFree(ptr);
Related functions
• BridgeFree
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BridgeFree
void BridgeFree(
void* ptr // pointer to memory block to free
);
Parameters
ptr Pointer to memory block to free
Return Value
Example
auto ptr = (char*)BridgeAlloc(128);

//do something with ptr
BridgeFree(ptr);
Related functions
• BridgeAlloc
BridgeGetDbgVersion
Internal function, don’t use!
int BridgeGetDbgVersion();
Parameters
Return Value
Return an integer value representing the version of the x64dbg.
Example
int version = BridgeGetDbgVersion();

Related functions
• List of related functions
BridgeInit
Initializes the Bridge, defines the .ini file used for x64dbg and loads the main GUI and Debug functions. Internal
function, don’t use!
const wchar_t* BridgeInit();
Parameters
Return Value
Returns 0 if successful, otherwise a string indicating the error that occured.
Example
Example code.
Related functions
BridgeSettingFlush
Flush the settings stored in memory to disk.
bool BridgeSettingFlush();
Parameters
Return Value
This function returns true if successful or false otherwise.
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Example
Example code.
Related functions
• BridgeSettingGet
• BridgeSettingGetUint
• BridgeSettingSet
• BridgeSettingSetUint
• BridgeSettingRead
BridgeSettingGet
Reads a string file from the settings.
bool BridgeSettingGet(
const char* section, // ini section name to read
const char* key, // ini key in the section to read
char* value // string to hold the value read
);
Parameters
section Section name to read.

key Key in the section to read.
value Destination buffer. Should be of MAX_SETTING_SIZE.
Return Value
Example
Example code.
Related functions

BridgeSettingGetUint
Reads an integer from the settings.
bool BridgeSettingGetUint(
const char* section, // ini section name to write to
const char* key, // ini key in the section to write
duint* value // an integer variable to hold the value read
);
Parameters

value Destination value.
Return Value
Example
Example code.
Related functions
BridgeSettingRead
Read the settings from disk (INI file).
bool BridgeSettingRead(
int* errorLine // line that error occurred on
);
Parameters
errorLine Line that error occurred on.
Return Value
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Example
Example code.
Related functions
BridgeSettingSet
Writes a string value to the settings.

bool BridgeSettingSet(
char* value // string value to write
);
Parameters
section Section name to write to.

key Key in the section to write.
value New setting value.
Return Value
Example
Example code.
Related functions
BridgeSettingSetUint
Reads an integer from the settings.

bool BridgeSettingSetUint(
duint value // an integer variable to write
);

Parameters

value New value.
Return Value
Example
Example code.
Related functions
BridgeStart
Function definition.
Parameters
param1 Parameter description.
Return Value
Return value description.
Example
Example code.
Related functions
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Debug Functions
This section contains information about debug functions of x64dbg.

Contents:
DbgArgumentAdd
This function will add an argument to the specified address range.
bool DbgArgumentAdd(duint start, duint end);
Parameters
start first address of the argument range.

end last address of the argument range.
Return Value
The function return TRUE if argument is successfully setted or FALSE otherwise.
Example
if(DbgArgumentAdd(0x00401000, 0x00401013))
GuiAddLogMessage("Argument successfully setted\r\n");
else
GuiAddLogMessage("Argument couldn't be set\r\n");
Related functions
• DbgArgumentDel
• DbgArgumentGet
• DbgArgumentOverlaps
DbgArgumentDel
This function deletes a previous setted argument at the specified address.
bool DbgArgumentDel(duint addr);
Parameters
addr Address of the argument to delete.

Return Value
The function return TRUE if argument is successfully deleted or FALSE otherwise.
Example
if(DbgArgumentDel(0x00401013))
GuiAddLogMessage("Argument successfully deleted\r\n");
else
GuiAddLogMessage("Argument couldn't be deleted\r\n");
Related functions
• DbgArgumentAdd
• DbgArgumentGet
DbgArgumentGet
This function gets the boundaries of the given argument location as start and end addresses.
bool DbgArgumentGet(duint addr, duint* start, duint* end);
Parameters
addr Address of the argument to fetch.

start Pointer to a duint variable that will hold the start address of the argument.
end Pointer to a duint variable that will hold the end address of the argument.
Return Value
The function return TRUE if the start and end addresses are found or FALSE otherwise. If TRUE, the variables start
and end will hold the fetched values.
Example
duint start;
duint end;
std::string message;
if(DbgArgumentGet(0x00401000, &start, &end))

{
sprintf_s(message.c_str(), MAX_PATH, "Argument range: %08X-%08X\r\n", start, end);
GuiAddLogMessage(message);
}
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else
{
GuiAddLogMessage("Argument start and end addresses couldn't be get\r\n");
}
Related functions
• DbgArgumentAdd
• DbgArgumentDel
DbgArgumentOverlaps
Parameters
Return Value
Example
Example code.
Related functions
DbgAssembleAt
Parameters

Return Value
Example
Example code.
Related functions
DbgClearAutoBookmarkRange
Parameters
Return Value
Example
Example code.
Related functions
DbgClearAutoCommentRange
Parameters
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Return Value
Example
Example code.
Related functions
DbgClearAutoFunctionRange
Parameters
Return Value
Example
Example code.
Related functions
DbgClearAutoLabelRange
Parameters

Return Value
Example
Example code.
Related functions
DbgClearBookmarkRange
Parameters
Return Value
Example
Example code.
Related functions
DbgClearCommentRange
Parameters
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Return Value
Example
Example code.
Related functions
DbgClearLabelRange
Parameters
Return Value
Example
Example code.
Related functions
DbgCmdExec
Execute the command on the command processing thread.
bool DbgCmdExec(const char* cmd);
Parameters
cmd The command string in UTF-8 encoding

Return Value
true if the command is sent to the command processing thread for asynchronous execution, false otherwise.
Example
DbgCmdExec("run");
Related functions
• DbgCmdExecDirect
DbgCmdExecDirect
Execute the command on the calling thread.
bool DbgCmdExecDirect(const char* cmd)
Parameters
cmd The command string in UTF-8 encoding
Return Value
true if the command is executed successfully, false otherwise.
Example
DbgCmdExecDirect("run");
Related functions
• DbgCmdExec
DbgDelEncodeTypeRange
Parameters
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Return Value
Example
Example code.
Related functions
DbgDelEncodeTypeSegment
Parameters
Return Value
Example
Example code.
Related functions
DbgDisasmAt
Parameters

Return Value
Example
Example code.
Related functions
DbgDisasmFastAt
Parameters
Return Value
Example
Example code.
Related functions
DbgExit
Used by x64dbg GUI to send exit signal to debugger and close the debugger.
void DbgExit()
Parameters
No parameters
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Return Value
No return value.
Example
Example code.
Related functions
DbgFunctionAdd
Parameters
Return Value
Example
Example code.
Related functions
DbgFunctionDel
Parameters

Return Value
Example
Example code.
Related functions
DbgFunctionGet
Parameters
Return Value
Example
Example code.
Related functions
DbgFunctionOverlaps
Parameters
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Return Value
Example
Example code.
Related functions
DbgFunctions
Parameters
Return Value
Example
Example code.
Related functions
DbgGetArgTypeAt
Parameters

Return Value
Example
Example code.
Related functions
DbgGetBookmarkAt
Parameters
Return Value
Example
Example code.
Related functions
DbgGetBpList
Parameters
1.5. Developers 161

Return Value
Example
Example code.
Related functions
DbgGetBpxTypeAt
Parameters
Return Value
Example
Example code.
Related functions
DbgGetBranchDestination
Parameters

Return Value
Example
Example code.
Related functions
DbgGetCommentAt
Parameters
Return Value
Example
Example code.
Related functions
DbgGetEncodeSizeAt
Parameters
1.5. Developers 163

Return Value
Example
Example code.
Related functions
DbgGetEncodeTypeAt
Parameters
Return Value
Example
Example code.
Related functions
DbgGetEncodeTypeBuffer
Parameters

Return Value
Example
Example code.
Related functions
DbgGetFunctionTypeAt
Parameters
Return Value
Example
Example code.
Related functions
DbgGetLabelAt
Parameters
1.5. Developers 165

Return Value
Example
Example code.
Related functions
DbgGetLoopTypeAt
Parameters
Return Value
Example
Example code.
Related functions
DbgGetModuleAt
Parameters

Return Value
Example
Example code.
Related functions
DbgGetRegDump
Parameters
Return Value
Example
Example code.
Related functions
DbgGetStringAt
Parameters
1.5. Developers 167

Return Value
Example
Example code.
Related functions
DbgGetThreadList
Parameters
Return Value
Example
Example code.
Related functions
DbgGetTimeWastedCounter
Parameters

Return Value
Example
Example code.
Related functions
DbgGetWatchList
Parameters
Return Value
Example
Example code.
Related functions
DbgGetXrefCountAt
Parameters
1.5. Developers 169

Return Value
Example
Example code.
Related functions
DbgGetXrefTypeAt
Parameters
Return Value
Example
Example code.
Related functions
DbgInit
Parameters

Return Value
Example
Example code.
Related functions
DbgIsBpDisabled
Parameters
Return Value
Example
Example code.
Related functions
DbgIsDebugging
Determines if the debugger is currently debugging an opened file or attached process.
bool DbgIsDebugging();
Parameters
1.5. Developers 171

Return Value
This function returns true if x64dbg is currently debugging, or false otherwise.
Example
if(!DbgIsDebugging())
{
GuiAddLogMessage("You need to be debugging to use this option!\n");
return false;
}
.data
szMsg db "You need to be debugging to use this option!",13,10,0 ; CRLF
.code
Invoke DbgIsDebugging
.IF eax == FALSE
Invoke GuiAddLogMessage, Addr szMsg
.ENDIF
Related functions
• DbgIsRunning
DbgIsJumpGoingToExecute
Parameters
Return Value
Example
Example code.
Related functions

DbgIsRunLocked
Parameters
Return Value
Example
Example code.
Related functions
DbgIsRunning
Parameters
Return Value
Example
Example code.
Related functions
1.5. Developers 173

DbgIsValidExpression
Parameters
Return Value
Example
Example code.
Related functions
DbgLoopAdd
Parameters
Return Value
Example
Example code.
Related functions

DbgLoopDel
Parameters
Return Value
Example
Example code.
Related functions
DbgLoopGet
Parameters
Return Value
Example
Example code.
Related functions
1.5. Developers 175

DbgLoopOverlaps
Parameters
Return Value
Example
Example code.
Related functions
DbgMemFindBaseAddr
Returns the baseaddress and size of a specific module
duint DbgMemFindBaseAddr(
duint addr,
duint* size
);
Parameters
addr Virtual address which is in a specific module. size Pointer, which will, on success, hold the module size.
Return Value
On success, returns the virtual address of a specific module. On failure, it will return 0.
Example
Example code.

Related functions
• DbgMemGetPageSize
DbgMemGetPageSize
Parameters
Return Value
Example
Get page base and size of selected instruction.
SELECTIONDATA sel; // Define Address the slected line in the Disassembly

˓→window ( begin , End )
GuiSelectionGet(GUI_DISASSEMBLY, &sel); // Get the value of sel(begin addr , End
˓→addr )
duint pagesize = DbgMemGetPageSize(sel.start); // get the page size of the

˓→section from the selected memory addr
//Or use the following statement to get page base and size in one call.
duint sctionbase = DbgMemFindBaseAddr(sel.start, &pagesize); // get the base of
˓→this section ( begin addr of the section )
Related functions
DbgMemIsValidReadPtr
Parameters
1.5. Developers 177

Return Value
Example
Example code.
Related functions
DbgMemMap
Parameters
Return Value
Example
Example code.
Related functions
DbgMemRead
bool DbgMemRead(
duint va,
void* dest,
duint size
);

Parameters
va Virtual address to source dest Pointer to pre allocated buffer of size size size Number of bytes that should be
read
Return Value
Example
// read user selected data from disassembly window

SELECTIONDATA sel;
GuiSelectionGet(GUI_DISASSEMBLY, &sel);
uint16_t size = sel.end - sel.start + 1;
uint8_t* dest = new uint8_t[size];
bool success = DbgMemRead(sel.start, dest, size);
// on success, the selected data is stored in dest
Related functions
DbgMemWrite
Parameters
Return Value
Example
Example code.
Related functions
1.5. Developers 179

DbgMenuEntryClicked
Parameters
Return Value
Example
Example code.
Related functions
DbgModBaseFromName
Parameters
Return Value
Example
Example code.
Related functions

DbgReleaseEncodeTypeBuffer
Parameters
Return Value
Example
Example code.
Related functions
DbgScriptAbort
Parameters
Return Value
Example
Example code.
Related functions
1.5. Developers 181

DbgScriptBpGet
Parameters
Return Value
Example
Example code.
Related functions
DbgScriptBpToggle
Parameters
Return Value
Example
Example code.
Related functions

DbgScriptCmdExec
Parameters
Return Value
Example
Example code.
Related functions
DbgScriptGetBranchInfo
Parameters
Return Value
Example
Example code.
Related functions
1.5. Developers 183

DbgScriptGetLineType
Parameters
Return Value
Example
Example code.
Related functions
DbgScriptLoad
Parameters
Return Value
Example
Example code.
Related functions

DbgScriptRun
Parameters
Return Value
Example
Example code.
Related functions
DbgScriptSetIp
Parameters
Return Value
Example
Example code.
Related functions
1.5. Developers 185

DbgScriptStep
Parameters
Return Value
Example
Example code.
Related functions
DbgScriptUnload
Parameters
Return Value
Example
Example code.
Related functions

DbgSetAutoBookmarkAt
Parameters
Return Value
Example
Example code.
Related functions
DbgSetAutoCommentAt
Set an auto comment at the given address.
bool DbgSetAutoCommentAt(duint addr, const char* text)
Parameters
addr The address to comment.

text The auto comment in UTF-8 encoding.
Return Value
true if the function is successful, false otherwise.
Example
DbgSetAutoCommentAt(DbgValFromString("dis.sel()"), "This is the currently selected

˓→instruction");
1.5. Developers 187

Related functions
• DbgSetCommentAt
• DbgSetAutoLabelAt
• DbgSetAutoBookmarkAt
• DbgSetLabelAt
• DbgSetBookmarkAt
DbgSetAutoFunctionAt
Parameters
Return Value
Example
Example code.
Related functions
DbgSetAutoLabelAt
Parameters
Return Value

Example
Example code.
Related functions
DbgSetBookmarkAt
Parameters
Return Value
Example
Example code.
Related functions
DbgSetCommentAt
Set a comment at the given address.
bool DbgSetCommentAt(duint addr, const char* text)
Parameters
addr The address to comment.

text The comment in UTF-8 encoding.
1.5. Developers 189

Return Value
true if the function is successful, false otherwise.
Example
DbgSetCommentAt(DbgValFromString("dis.sel()"), "This is the currently selected

˓→instruction");
Related functions
• DbgSetAutoCommentAt
• DbgSetAutoLabelAt
• DbgSetAutoBookmarkAt
• DbgSetLabelAt
• DbgSetBookmarkAt
DbgSetEncodeType
Parameters
Return Value
Example
Example code.
Related functions

DbgSetLabelAt
Parameters
Return Value
Example
Example code.
Related functions
DbgSettingsUpdated
Parameters
Return Value
Example
Example code.
Related functions
1.5. Developers 191

DbgStackCommentGet
Parameters
Return Value
Example
Example code.
Related functions
DbgSymbolEnum
Parameters
Return Value
Example
Example code.
Related functions

DbgSymbolEnumFromCache
Parameters
Return Value
Example
Example code.
Related functions
DbgValFromString
Evaluate the expression.
duint DbgValFromString(const char* string);
Parameters
string The expression to evaluate in UTF-8 encoding.
Return Value
The value of the expression.
Example
eip = DbgValFromString("cip");
Related functions
• DbgValToString
1.5. Developers 193

DbgValToString
Set the variable to the value.
bool DbgValToString(const char* string, duint value);
Parameters
string The name of the thing to set in UTF-8 encoding.

value The value to set.
Return Value
true if the value was set successfully, false otherwise.
Example
DbgValToString("eax", 1);
Related functions
• DbgValFromString
DbgWinEvent
Parameters
Return Value
Example
Example code.

Related functions
DbgWinEventGlobal
Parameters
Return Value
Example
Example code.
Related functions
DbgXrefAdd
Parameters
Return Value
Example
1.5. Developers 195

Example code.
Related functions
DbgXrefDelAll
Parameters
Return Value
Example
Example code.
Related functions
DbgXrefGet
Parameters
Return Value

Example
Example code.
Related functions
GUI Functions
This section contains information about the Graphical User Interface GUI functions of x64dbg.
Contents:
GuiAddLogMessage
Adds a message to the log. The message will be shown in the log window and on the status bar at the bottom of
x64dbg.
void GuiAddLogMessage(
const char* msg // string containg message to add to log
);
Parameters
msg String containing the message to add to the log. Ensure that a carriage line and return feed are included with the
string for it to properly display it. Encoding is UTF-8.
Return Value
Example
GuiAddLogMessage("This text will be displayed in the log view.\n");
.data
szMsg db "This text will be displayed in the log view",13,10,0 ; CRLF
.code
Invoke GuiAddLogMessage, Addr szMsg
Related functions
• GuiLogClear
• GuiAddStatusBarMessage
1.5. Developers 197

GuiAddQWidgetTab
Parameters
Return Value
Example
Example code.
Related functions
GuiAddRecentFile
Parameters
Return Value
Example
Example code.
Related functions

GuiAddStatusBarMessage
Shows text in the statusbar, which can be used to inform the user.
void GuiAddStatusBarMessage(const char* msg);
Parameters
msg String containing the message to add to the status bar.
Return Value
Example
GuiAddStatusBarMessage("This text will be displayed in the statusbar.");
Related functions
• GuiAddLogMessage
GuiAutoCompleteAddCmd
Parameters
Return Value
Example
Example code.
Related functions
1.5. Developers 199

GuiAutoCompleteClearAll
Parameters
Return Value
Example
Example code.
Related functions
GuiAutoCompleteDelCmd
Parameters
Return Value
Example
Example code.
Related functions

GuiCloseQWidgetTab
Parameters
Return Value
Example
Example code.
Related functions
GuiDisasmAt
Parameters
Return Value
Example
Example code.
Related functions
1.5. Developers 201

GuiDisplayWarning
Shows a warning dialog with title text and main message text.
void GuiDisplayWarning(const char* title, const char* text)
Parameters
Return Value
Example
GuiDisplayWarning("Warning!", "Operation cannot be reversed.");
Related functions
• GuiAddStatusBarMessage
GuiDumpAt
Parameters
Return Value
Example
Example code.

Related functions
GuiDumpAtN
Parameters
Return Value
Example
Example code.
Related functions
GuiExecuteOnGuiThread
Parameters
Return Value
Example
1.5. Developers 203

Example code.
Related functions
GuiFocusView
Parameters
Return Value
Example
Example code.
Related functions
GuiGetDebuggeeNotes
Returns into a variable a pointer to a string containing notes and information that a user has made relating to the target
being debugged (the debuggee). The function GuiGetGlobalNotes can be used to get the global notes stored by a user.
void GuiGetDebuggeeNotes(char** text)
Parameters
text A variable that will contain a pointer to a buffer on return. The pointer returned points to a string that will
contain the notes for the debuggee.
Return Value
This function does not return a value. The string containing the notes is returned via the pointer supplied via the text
parameter.

Example
char* text = nullptr;

GuiGetDebuggeeNotes(&text);
if(text)
{
// do something with text
}
Related functions
• GuiSetDebuggeeNotes
• GuiGetGlobalNotes
• GuiSetGlobalNotes
GuiGetDisassembly
Parameters
Return Value
Example
Example code.
Related functions
GuiGetGlobalNotes
Returns into a variable a pointer to a string containing global notes and information that a user has made. The function
GuiGetDebuggeeNotes can be used to get the local notes stored by a user for the target being debugged (the debuggee).
void GuiGetGlobalNotes(char** text)
1.5. Developers 205

Parameters
text A variable that will contain a pointer to a buffer on return. The pointer returned points to a string that will
contain the global notes.
Return Value
This function does not return a value. The string containing the notes is returned via the pointer supplied via the text
parameter.
Example
char* text = nullptr;

GuiGetGlobalNotes(&text);
if(text)
{
// do something with text
}
Related functions
• GuiGetDebuggeeNotes
GuiGetLineWindow
Parameters
Return Value
Example
Example code.

Related functions
GuiGetWindowHandle
Obtains the main window handle for x64dg.
HWND GuiGetWindowHandle();
Parameters
Return Value
Returns the main window handle for x6dbg as a HWND variable
Example
hWnd = GuiGetWindowHandle();
Related functions
GuiGraphAt
Parameters
Return Value
Example
Example code.
1.5. Developers 207

Related functions
GuiIsUpdateDisabled
Returns the status of the internal update flag, which can be disabled via GuiUpdateDisable function or enabled vis the
GuiUpdateEnable function.
bool GuiIsUpdateDisabled()
Parameters
Return Value
Returns a boolean value indicating if the internal update flag is set to disabled. If it is set to disabled the value is TRUE
otherwise updates are enabled and the value is FALSE.
Example
bool bUpdate = GuiIsUpdateDisabled();
Related functions
• GuiUpdateAllViews
• GuiUpdateArgumentWidget
• GuiUpdateBreakpointsView
• GuiUpdateCallStack
• GuiUpdateDisable
• GuiUpdateDisassemblyView
• GuiUpdateDumpView
• GuiUpdateEnable
• GuiUpdateGraphView
• GuiUpdateMemoryView
• GuiUpdatePatches
• GuiUpdateRegisterView
• GuiUpdateSEHChain
• GuiUpdateSideBar
• GuiUpdateThreadView

• GuiUpdateTimeWastedCounter
• GuiUpdateWatchView
• GuiUpdateWindowTitle
GuiLoadGraph
Parameters
Return Value
Example
Example code.
Related functions
GuiLoadSourceFile
Parameters
Return Value
1.5. Developers 209

Example
Example code.
Related functions
GuiLogClear
Clears the log window of all text.
void GuiLogClear();
Parameters
Return Value
Example
GuiLogClear();
Related functions
GuiMenuAdd
int GuiMenuAdd(int hMenu, const char* title)
Parameters
hMenu Menu handle from a previously-added menu or from the main menu.
title A const char repesenting the text title of the menu item to be added.

Return Value
Returns the menu handle (unique), or -1 on failure.
Example
hNewMenu = GuiMenuAdd(hMenu, &szMenuTitle);
Related functions
• GuiMenuAddEntry
• GuiMenuAddSeparator
• GuiMenuClear
• GuiMenuSetEntryIcon
• GuiMenuSetIcon
Note: Plugin developers should make use of the plugin functions provided:
• _
• _
• _
• _
• _
• _
GuiMenuAddEntry
This function adds a menu entry to a menu.
int GuiMenuAddEntry(int hMenu, const char* title)
Parameters
title A const char repesenting the text title of the menu item to be added.
Return Value
Returns the menu handle (unique), or -1 on failure.
1.5. Developers 211

Example
hNewMenuEntry = GuiMenuAddEntry(hMenu, &szMenuEntryText);
Related functions
• GuiMenuAdd
• GuiMenuClear
• GuiMenuSetIcon
• _
• _
• _
• _
• _
• _
GuiMenuAddSeparator
Adds a menu separator to a menu.
void GuiMenuAddSeparator(int hMenu)
Parameters
Return Value
Example

GuiMenuAddEntry(hNewMenu, &szMenuEntry1Text);
GuiMenuAddSeparator(hNewMenu);

Related functions
• GuiMenuAdd
• GuiMenuAddEntry
• GuiMenuClear
• GuiMenuSetIcon
• _
• _
• _
• _
• _
• _
GuiMenuClear
This function removes all entries and child menus from a menu. It will not remove the menu itself.
void GuiMenuClear(int hMenu)
Parameters
Return Value
Example

GuiMenuClear(hMenuNew);
Related functions
• GuiMenuAdd
• GuiMenuAddEntry
1.5. Developers 213

• GuiMenuSetIcon
• _
• _
• _
• _
• _
• _
GuiMenuSetEntryIcon
Sets an icon for a specified menu entry.
void GuiMenuSetEntryIcon(int hEntry, const ICONDATA* icon)
Parameters
hEntry Parameter description.

icon
Return Value
Example
ICONDATA rocket;
rocket.data = icon_rocket;
rocket.size = sizeof(icon_rocket);
GuiMenuSetEntryIcon(hNewMenuEntry,&rocket);
Related functions
• GuiMenuAdd
• GuiMenuAddEntry
• GuiMenuClear
• GuiMenuSetIcon
• _

• _
• _
• _
• _
• _
GuiMenuSetIcon
Sets an icon for a specified menu.
void GuiMenuSetIcon(int hMenu, const ICONDATA* icon)
Parameters
icon
Return Value
Example
ICONDATA rocket;
rocket.data = icon_rocket;
rocket.size = sizeof(icon_rocket);
GuiMenuSetIcon(hMenuDisasm,&rocket);
Related functions
• GuiMenuAdd
• GuiMenuAddEntry
• GuiMenuClear
• _
• _
• _
• _
1.5. Developers 215

• _
• _
GuiReferenceAddColumn
Adds a column to the current Reference View instance.
void GuiReferenceAddColumn(int width, const char* title);
Parameters
width An integer indicating the width of the column to add.

title A const char representing the column’s title name to add.
Return Value
Example
GuiReferenceAddColumn(8,&sztitle);
Related functions
• GuiReferenceDeleteAllColumns
• GuiReferenceGetCellContent
• GuiReferenceGetRowCount
• GuiReferenceInitialize
• GuiReferenceReloadData
• GuiReferenceSetCellContent
• GuiReferenceSetCurrentTaskProgress
• GuiReferenceSetProgress
• GuiReferenceSetRowCount
• GuiReferenceSetSearchStartCol
• GuiReferenceSetSingleSelection
GuiReferenceDeleteAllColumns
Removes all columns from the current Reference View instance.

void GuiReferenceDeleteAllColumns();
Parameters
Return Value
Example
GuiReferenceDeleteAllColumns();
Related functions
• GuiReferenceAddColumn
GuiReferenceGetCellContent
Retrieves the data stored in a specified cell in the current Reference View instance, based on the supplied row and
column parameters.
char* GuiReferenceGetCellContent(int row, int col)
Parameters
row An integer representing the row for the cell for which the data is fetched.
col An integer representing the column for the cell for which the data is fetched.
1.5. Developers 217

Return Value
The return value is a pointer to a char representing the data (typically a string) that was stored at the specified
row/column of the current Reference View instance. NULL if there was no data or the row/column specified was
incorrect.
Example
Data = GuiReferenceGetCellContent(0,0);
Related functions
GuiReferenceGetRowCount
Gets the total rows count in the current Reference View instance.
int GuiReferenceGetRowCount()
Parameters
Return Value
Returns an integer value representing the total rows in the current Reference View instance.
Example

int iTotalRows = GuiReferenceGetRowCount();
Related functions
GuiReferenceInitialize
Initializes and creates a new instance of a Reference View. A new tab will appear under Reference Views entitled as
per the name parameter. Columns can be added to this instance via the GuiReferenceAddColumn function. Rows can
be inserted by using the GuiReferenceSetRowCount function and data for each cell (row and column) can be added
via the GuiReferenceSetCellContent function. See the appropriate functions for more details.
void GuiReferenceInitialize(const char* name)
Parameters
name A const char representing the text string to name the Reference View instance.
Return Value
Example
GuiReferenceInitialize("Code Caves");
1.5. Developers 219

Related functions
GuiReferenceReloadData
Reloads (refreshes) the data in the current Reference View instance.
void GuiReferenceReloadData();
Parameters
Return Value
Example
GuiReferenceReloadData();
Related functions

GuiReferenceSetCellContent
Sets a specified cell’s data content in the Reference View based on the supplied row and column parameters.
void GuiReferenceSetCellContent(int row, int col, const char* str);
Parameters
row integer representing the row to set data for.

col integer representing the column to set data for.
str const char* representing the string data to set at the row, col specified.
Return Value
Example
const char szRefStart = "Start";

const char szRefFinish = "Finish";
const char szRefType = "Type";
GuiReferenceInitialize("Some Information"); // Add Reference View Header Title
GuiReferenceAddColumn(2 * sizeof(DWORD),&szRefStart); // Add column Name
GuiReferenceAddColumn(2 * sizeof(DWORD),&szRefFinish); // Add column Name
GuiReferenceAddColumn(8,&szRefType); // Add column Name
GuiReferenceSetRowCount(2); // add 2 rows
int iRow = 0;
GuiReferenceSetCellContent(iRow,0,&szCodeCaveStartAddress); // add start address
GuiReferenceSetCellContent(iRow,1,&szCodeCaveFinishAddress); // add finish address
GuiReferenceSetCellContent(iRow,2,&szNop); // add type
iRow = iRow + 1; // Increment rows
// get variables to convert to strings (szCodeCaveStartAddress,
˓→szCodeCaveFinishAddress etc)
// add to next row's columns
Notes
The Reference View must be initialized beforehand, and any columns required added before adding any rows and
setting data for them.
1.5. Developers 221

Ensure you increment the row counter after you have set all data for all columns in a particular row, otherwise you
will just overwrite any data you have set previously.
GuiReferenceSetRowCount needs to be called before setting cell contents - to update the reference view with a total
count of rows, for example to add 5 rows: GuiReferenceSetRowCount(5), if you then decide to add another row later
on then you would specify GuiReferenceSetRowCount(6)
Ideally you will use some variable that is incremented to automatically keep track of total rows added.
Related functions
GuiReferenceSetCurrentTaskProgress
Sets the percentage bar and some status text in the current Reference View instance. This can indicate to the user that
an operation is taking place, e.g. searching/sorting.
void GuiReferenceSetCurrentTaskProgress(int progress, const char* taskTitle);
Parameters
progress An integer representing the value of the percentage bar.

taskTitle A const char representing a text string to indicate status or progress to the user.
Return Value
Example

GuiReferenceSetCurrentTaskProgress(0,"Starting Search, Please Wait...");

// do something
GuiReferenceSetCurrentTaskProgress(50,"Searching, Please Wait...");
// do something else
GuiReferenceSetCurrentTaskProgress(100,"Finished Searching.");
// finished
Related functions
GuiReferenceSetProgress
Sets the progress bar in the Reference View instance to a specific percentage value. This can be used to indicate to the
user an operation is occurring, e.g. searching/sorting etc.
void GuiReferenceSetProgress(int progress);
Parameters
progress An integer representing the percentage value to set the progress bar to.
Return Value
Example
GuiReferenceSetProgress(0);
// do something
// do something else
1.5. Developers 223

// tell user operation has ended
Related functions
GuiReferenceSetRowCount
Sets the total number of rows that the Reference View will contain.
void GuiReferenceSetRowCount(int count);
Parameters
count integer representing the total number of rows that the current Reference View will contain.
Return Value
Example
GuiReferenceSetRowCount(5);
Related functions

GuiReferenceSetSearchStartCol
Sets the search starting column in the current Reference View instance.
void GuiReferenceSetSearchStartCol(int col);
Parameters
col An integer representing the 0 based column to use for searching.
Return Value
Example
GuiReferenceSetSearchStartCol(1);
Related functions
1.5. Developers 225

GuiReferenceSetSingleSelection
Sets the currently selected row in the Reference View instance.
void GuiReferenceSetSingleSelection(int index, bool scroll);
Parameters
index integer representing the row index to set the current selection to.
scroll a boolean value indicating if the selected index should be scrolled into view if it is not currently.
Return Value
Example
GuiReferenceSetSingleSelection(0,true);
Related functions
GuiRegisterScriptLanguage

Parameters
Return Value
Example
Example code.
Related functions
GuiRepaintTableView
Parameters
Return Value
Example
Example code.
Related functions
GuiScriptAdd
1.5. Developers 227

Parameters
Return Value
Example
Example code.
Related functions
GuiScriptClear
Parameters
Return Value
Example
Example code.
Related functions

GuiScriptEnableHighlighting
Parameters
Return Value
Example
Example code.
Related functions
GuiScriptError
Parameters
Return Value
Example
Example code.
Related functions
1.5. Developers 229

GuiScriptMessage
Parameters
Return Value
Example
Example code.
Related functions
GuiScriptMsgyn
Parameters
Return Value
Example
Example code.
Related functions

GuiScriptSetInfoLine
Parameters
Return Value
Example
Example code.
Related functions
GuiScriptSetIp
Parameters
Return Value
Example
Example code.
Related functions
1.5. Developers 231

GuiScriptSetTitle
Parameters
Return Value
Example
Example code.
Related functions
GuiSelectionGet
Gets the currently selected line (or lines) of the specified GUI view and returns the information as start and end
addresses into a SELECTIONDATA variable.
bool GuiSelectionGet(int hWindow, SELECTIONDATA* selection)
Parameters
hWindow an integer representing one of the following supported GUI views: GUI_DISASSEMBLY, GUI_DUMP,
GUI_STACK.
selection a SELECTIONDATA structure variable that stores the start and end address of the current selection.
Return Value
Return TRUE if successful or FALSE otherwise.
Example
SELECTIONDATA sel;
GuiSelectionGet(GUI_DISASSEMBLY, &sel)
sprintf(msg, "%p - %p", sel.start, sel.end);

Related functions
• GuiSelectionSet
GuiSelectionSet
Sets the currently selected line (or lines) of the specified GUI view based on the start and end addresses stored in a
SELECTIONDATA variable.
bool GuiSelectionSet(int hWindow, const SELECTIONDATA* selection)
Parameters
hWindow an integer representing one of the following supported GUI views: GUI_DISASSEMBLY, GUI_DUMP,
GUI_STACK.
selection a SELECTIONDATA structure variable that stores the start and end address of the current selection.
Return Value
Return TRUE if successful or FALSE otherwise.
Example
SELECTIONDATA sel;
GuiSelectionGet(GUI_DISASSEMBLY, &sel)
sel.end += 4; //expand selection
GuiSelectionSet(GUI_DISASSEMBLY, &sel)
Related functions
• GuiSelectionGet
GuiSetDebuggeeNotes
Sets the notes of the target being debugged (the debuggee), based on the text variable passed to the function. The text
variable is a pointer to a string containing the information to set as the debuggee’s notes.
void GuiSetDebuggeeNotes(char** text)
Parameters
text A variable that contains a pointer to a string that contains the text to set as the debuggee notes.
1.5. Developers 233

Return Value
Example
const char* text = json_string_value(json_object_get(root, "notes"));

GuiSetDebuggeeNotes(text);
Related functions
GuiSetDebugState
Parameters
Return Value
Example
Example code.
Related functions
GuiSetGlobalNotes
Sets the global notes, based on the text variable passed to the function. The text variable is a pointer to a string
containing the information to set as the global notes.

void GuiSetGlobalNotes(char** text)
Parameters
text A variable that contains a pointer to a string that contains the text to set as the global notes.
Return Value
Example
notesFile = String(szProgramDir) + "\\notes.txt";

String text;
if(!FileExists(notesFile.c_str()) || FileHelper::ReadAllText(notesFile, text))
GuiSetGlobalNotes(text.c_str());
Related functions
GuiSetLastException
Parameters
Return Value
Example
Example code.
1.5. Developers 235

Related functions
GuiShowCpu
Switches the focus and view of the GUI to the main disassembly window (CPU tab)
void GuiShowCpu();
Parameters
Return Value
Example
GuiShowCpu();
Related functions
GuiShowQWidgetTab
Parameters
Return Value
Example
Example code.

Related functions
GuiStackDumpAt
Parameters
Return Value
Example
Example code.
Related functions
GuiSymbolLogAdd
void GuiSymbolLogAdd(const char* message);
Parameters
message String containing the message to add to the symbol log. Ensure that a carriage line and return feed are
included with the string for it to properly display it. Encoding is UTF-8.
Return Value
1.5. Developers 237

Example
GuiSymbolLogAdd(&szMsg);
Related functions
• GuiSymbolLogClear
• GuiSymbolRefreshCurrent
• GuiSymbolSetProgress
• GuiSymbolUpdateModuleList
GuiSymbolLogClear
void GuiSymbolLogClear();
Parameters
Return Value
Example
GuiSymbolLogClear();
Related functions
• GuiSymbolLogAdd
GuiSymbolRefreshCurrent
Refreshes the symbol view list of symbols and exports.
void GuiSymbolRefreshCurrent();

Parameters
Return Value
Example
GuiSymbolRefreshCurrent();
Related functions
• GuiSymbolLogAdd
GuiSymbolSetProgress
Sets the progress bar in the symbol view based on the integer value supplied. This can be used to convey to the user
an operation and how close it is to completion, for example with searches.
void GuiSymbolSetProgress(int percent);
Parameters
percent an integer representing the percentage to set for the progress bar.
Return Value
Example
GuiSymbolSetProgress(50);
1.5. Developers 239

Related functions
• GuiSymbolLogAdd
GuiSymbolUpdateModuleList
Refreshes the symbol view modules list.
void GuiSymbolUpdateModuleList(int count, SYMBOLMODULEINFO* modules)
Parameters
count An integer representing the number of symbol module’s to update.

modules A SYMBOLMODULEINFO variable that will hold the symbol module information.
Return Value
Example
// Build the vector of modules

std::vector<SYMBOLMODULEINFO> modList;
if(!SymGetModuleList(&modList))
{
GuiSymbolUpdateModuleList(0, nullptr);
return;
}
// Create a new array to be sent to the GUI thread

size_t moduleCount = modList.size();
SYMBOLMODULEINFO* data = (SYMBOLMODULEINFO*)BridgeAlloc(moduleCount *
˓→sizeof(SYMBOLMODULEINFO));
// Direct copy from std::vector data

memcpy(data, modList.data(), moduleCount * sizeof(SYMBOLMODULEINFO));
// Send the module data to the GUI for updating

GuiSymbolUpdateModuleList((int)moduleCount, data);
Related functions
• GuiSymbolLogAdd

GuiUnregisterScriptLanguage
Parameters
Return Value
Example
Example code.
Related functions
GuiUpdateAllViews
Refreshes the contents of all opened views (tabs)
void GuiUpdateAllViews();
Parameters
Return Value
1.5. Developers 241

Example
GuiUpdateAllViews();
Related functions
• GuiUpdateEnable
• GuiIsUpdateDisabled
GuiUpdateArgumentWidget
Refreshes the contents of the arguments widget.
void GuiUpdateArgumentWidget();
Parameters
Return Value

Example
GuiUpdateArgumentWidget();
Related functions
• GuiUpdateEnable
GuiUpdateBreakpointsView
Refreshes the contents of the breakpoints view.
void GuiUpdateBreakpointsView();
Parameters
Return Value
1.5. Developers 243

Example
GuiUpdateBreakpointsView();
Related functions
• GuiUpdateEnable
GuiUpdateCallStack
Refreshes the contents of the call stack widget.
void GuiUpdateCallStack();
Parameters
Return Value

Example
GuiUpdateCallStack();
Related functions
• GuiUpdateEnable
GuiUpdateDisable
Sets and internal variable to disable the update of views. To re-enable updating after processing or performing some
operation, use the GuiUpdateEnable function.
void GuiUpdateDisable();
Parameters
Return Value
1.5. Developers 245

Example
GuiUpdateDisable();
Related functions
• GuiUpdateEnable
GuiUpdateDisassemblyView
Refreshes the contents of the disassembly view (CPU tab).
void GuiUpdateDisassemblyView();
Parameters
Return Value

Example
GuiUpdateDisassemblyView();
Related functions
• GuiUpdateEnable
GuiUpdateDumpView
Refreshes the contents of the dump views.
void GuiUpdateDumpView();
Parameters
Return Value
1.5. Developers 247

Example
GuiUpdateDumpView();
Related functions
• GuiUpdateEnable
GuiUpdateEnable
Sets an internal variable to enable (or re-enable if previously disabled via GuiUpdateDisable) the refresh of all views.
The updateNow parameter can be used to force the update straight away, otherwise the updates of views will continue
as per normal message scheduling, now that they have been enabled with GuiUpdateEnable.
void GuiUpdateEnable(bool updateNow);
Parameters
updateNow is a boolean value indicating if the update of all views should occur straight away.
Return Value

Example
GuiUpdateEnable(bool updateNow);
Related functions
• GuiUpdateEnable
GuiUpdateGraphView
Refreshes the contents of the Graph view.
void GuiUpdateGraphView();
Parameters
Return Value
1.5. Developers 249

Example
GuiUpdateGraphView();
Related functions
• GuiUpdateEnable
GuiUpdateMemoryView
Refreshes the contents of the memory view.
void GuiUpdateMemoryView();
Parameters
Return Value

Example
GuiUpdateMemoryView();
Related functions
• GuiUpdateEnable
GuiUpdatePatches
Refreshes the contents of the patches.
void GuiUpdatePatches();
Parameters
Return Value
1.5. Developers 251

Example
GuiUpdatePatches();
Related functions
• GuiUpdateEnable
GuiUpdateRegisterView
Refreshes the contents of the registers view.
void GuiUpdateRegisterView();
Parameters
Return Value

Example
GuiUpdateRegisterView();
Related functions
• GuiUpdateEnable
GuiUpdateSEHChain
Refreshes the contents of the SEH Chain.
void GuiUpdateSEHChain();
Parameters
Return Value
1.5. Developers 253

Example
GuiUpdateSEHChain();
Related functions
• GuiUpdateEnable
GuiUpdateSideBar
Refreshes the contents of the Sidebar.
void GuiUpdateSideBar();
Parameters
Return Value

Example
GuiUpdateSideBar();
Related functions
• GuiUpdateEnable
GuiUpdateThreadView
Refreshes the contents of the threads view.
void GuiUpdateThreadView();
Parameters
Return Value
1.5. Developers 255

Example
GuiUpdateThreadView();
Related functions
• GuiUpdateEnable
GuiUpdateTimeWastedCounter
Refreshes the time wasted counter.
void GuiUpdateTimeWastedCounter();
Parameters
Return Value

Example
GuiUpdateTimeWastedCounter();
Related functions
• GuiUpdateEnable
GuiUpdateWatchView
Refreshes the contents of the watchdog view.
void GuiUpdateWatchView();
Parameters
Return Value
1.5. Developers 257

Example
GuiUpdateWatchView();
Related functions
• GuiUpdateEnable
GuiUpdateWindowTitle
Updates the x64dbg window title with a string to be appended to the title text. Typically the string is a filename.
void GuiUpdateWindowTitle(const char* filename)
Parameters
filename a const char variable to be appended to the x64dbg title bar.
Return Value

Example
GuiUpdateWindowTitle("");
GuiUpdateWindowTitle(szFileName);
Related functions
• GuiUpdateEnable
1.5.3 x64dbg trace file format specification
x64dbg trace file is a binary file that contains all information about program execution. Each trace file is composed of
3 parts: Magic word, JSON header and binary trace blocks. x64dbg trace file is little-endian.
Magic word
Every trace file will begin with 4 bytes, “TRAC” (encoded in ASCII).
Header
Header is located after header at offset 4. It is composed of a 4-byte length field, followed by a JSON blob. The JSON
blob might not be null-terminated and might not be aligned to 4-byte boundary.
1.5. Developers 259

Binary trace blocks
Binary trace data is immediately after header without any padding and might not be aligned to 4-byte boundary. It is
defined as a sequence of blocks. Currently, only block type 0 is defined.
Every block is started with a 1-byte type number. This type number must be 0, which means it is a block that describes
an instruction traced.
If the type number is 0, then the block will contain the following data:
struct {
uint8_t BlockType; //BlockType is 0, indicating it describes an instruction
˓→execution.
uint8_t RegisterChanges;
uint8_t MemoryAccesses;
uint8_t BlockFlagsAndOpcodeSize; //Bitfield
DWORD ThreadId;
uint8_t Opcode[];
uint8_t RegisterChangePosition[];
duint RegisterChangeNewData[];
uint8_t MemoryAccessFlags[];
duint MemoryAccessAddress[];
duint MemoryAccessOldData[];
duint MemoryAccessNewData[];
};
RegisterChanges is a unsigned byte that counts the number of elements in the array
RegisterChangePosition and RegisterChangeNewData.
MemoryAccesses is a unsigned byte that counts the number of elements in the array MemoryAccessFlags.
BlockFlagsAndOpcodeSize is a bitfield. The most significant bit is ThreadId bit. When this bit is set,
ThreadId field is available and indicates the thread id which executed the instruction. When this bit is clear, the
thread id that executed the instruction is the same as last instruction, so it is not stored in file. The least 4 significant
bits specify the length of Opcode field, in number of bytes. Other bits are reserved and set to 0. Opcode field
contains the opcode of current instruction.
RegisterChangePosition is an array of unsigned bytes. Each element indicates a pointer-sized integer in struct
REGDUMP that is updated after execution of current instruction, as an offset to previous location. The absolute index
is computed by adding the absolute index of previous element +1 (or 0 if it is first element) with this relative index.
RegisterChangeNewData is an array of pointer-sized integers that contains the new value of register, that is
recorded before the instruction is executed. REGDUMP structure is given below.
typedef struct
{
REGISTERCONTEXT regcontext;
FLAGS flags;
X87FPUREGISTER x87FPURegisters[8];
unsigned long long mmx[8];
MXCSRFIELDS MxCsrFields;
X87STATUSWORDFIELDS x87StatusWordFields;
X87CONTROLWORDFIELDS x87ControlWordFields;
LASTERROR lastError;
//LASTSTATUS lastStatus; //This field is not supported and not included in trace
˓→file.
} REGDUMP;

For example, ccx is the second member of regcontext. On x64 architecture, it is at byte offset 8 and on x86 ar-
chitecture it is at byte offset 4. On both architecture, it is at index 1 and cax is at index 0. Therefore, when
RegisterChangePosition[0] = 0, RegisterChangeNewData[0] contains the new value of cax. If
RegisterChangePosition[1] = 0, RegisterChangeNewData[1] contains the new value of ccx, since
the absolute index is computed by 0+0+1=1. The use of relative indexing helps achieve better data compression if
a lossless compression is then applied to trace file, and also allow future expansion of REGDUMP structure without
increasing size of RegisterChanges and RegisterChangePosition beyond a byte. Note: the file reader
can locate the address of the instruction using cip register in this structure.
x64dbg will save all registers at the start of trace, and every 512 instructions(this number might be changed in
future versions to have different tradeoff between speed and space). A block with all registers saved will have
RegisterChanges=172 on 64-bit platform and 216 on 32-bit platform. This allows x64dbg trace file to be
randomly accessed. x64dbg might be unable to open a trace file that has a sequence of instruction longer than an
implementation-defined limit without all registers saved.
MemoryAccessFlags is an array of bytes that indicates properties of memory access. Currently, only bit 0 is
defined and all other bits are reserved and set to 0. When bit 0 is set, it indicates the memory is not changed(This could
mean it is read, or it is overwritten with identical value), so MemoryAccessNewData will not have an entry for this
memory access. The file reader may use a disassembler to determine the true type of memory access.
MemoryAccessAddress is an array of pointers that indicates the address of memory access.
MemoryAccessOldData is an array of pointer-sized integers that stores the old content of memory.
MemoryAccessNewData is an array of pointer-sized integers that stores the new content of memory.
1.6 Licenses
Licenses:
1.6.1 License of x64dbg
GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE

Version 3, 29 June 2007
THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN MODIFIED
Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. http://fsf.org/ Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verba-
tim copies of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
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1.6. Licenses 261

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The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and modification follow.
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“Copyright” also means copyright-like laws that apply to other kinds of works, such as semiconductor masks.
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“Licensees” and “recipients” may be individuals or organizations.
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liable for infringement under applicable copyright law, except executing it on a computer or modifying a private copy.
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To “convey” a work means any kind of propagation that enables other parties to make or receive copies. Mere interac-
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The Corresponding Source need not include anything that users can regenerate automatically from other parts of the
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The Corresponding Source for a work in source code form is that same work.
1. Treatment of plugins
This license does not affect plugins, i.e., dynamically linked libraries, that use the provided plugin interface mechanism
of x64dbg for contibuting additional features to the x64dbg project and can only be run from x64dbg. In fact you are
allowed to create and share (non-)commercial, non-standalone closed-source plugins for x64dbg under your own
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1.6. Licenses 265

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If you add terms to a covered work in accord with this section, you must place, in the relevant source files, a statement
of the additional terms that apply to those files, or a notice indicating where to find the applicable terms.
Additional terms, permissive or non-permissive, may be stated in the form of a separately written license, or stated as
exceptions; the above requirements apply either way.
1. Termination.
You may not propagate or modify a covered work except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt
otherwise to propagate or modify it is void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License (including
any patent licenses granted under the third paragraph of section 11).

However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your license from a particular copyright holder is reinstated (a)
provisionally, unless and until the copyright holder explicitly and finally terminates your license, and (b) permanently,
if the copyright holder fails to notify you of the violation by some reasonable means prior to 60 days after the cessation.
Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is reinstated permanently if the copyright holder notifies you
of the violation by some reasonable means, this is the first time you have received notice of violation of this License
(for any work) from that copyright holder, and you cure the violation prior to 30 days after your receipt of the notice.
Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate the licenses of parties who have received copies or
rights from you under this License. If your rights have been terminated and not permanently reinstated, you do not
qualify to receive new licenses for the same material under section 10.
1. Acceptance Not Required for Having Copies.
You are not required to accept this License in order to receive or run a copy of the Program. Ancillary propagation
of a covered work occurring solely as a consequence of using peer-to-peer transmission to receive a copy likewise
does not require acceptance. However, nothing other than this License grants you permission to propagate or modify
any covered work. These actions infringe copyright if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by modifying or
propagating a covered work, you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so.
1. Automatic Licensing of Downstream Recipients.
Each time you convey a covered work, the recipient automatically receives a license from the original licensors, to run,
modify and propagate that work, subject to this License. You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third
parties with this License.
An “entity transaction” is a transaction transferring control of an organization, or substantially all assets of one, or sub-
dividing an organization, or merging organizations. If propagation of a covered work results from an entity transaction,
each party to that transaction who receives a copy of the work also receives whatever licenses to the work the party’s
predecessor in interest had or could give under the previous paragraph, plus a right to possession of the Corresponding
Source of the work from the predecessor in interest, if the predecessor has it or can get it with reasonable efforts.
You may not impose any further restrictions on the exercise of the rights granted or affirmed under this License. For
example, you may not impose a license fee, royalty, or other charge for exercise of rights granted under this License,
and you may not initiate litigation (including a cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that any patent claim
is infringed by making, using, selling, offering for sale, or importing the Program or any portion of it.
1. Patents.
A “contributor” is a copyright holder who authorizes use under this License of the Program or a work on which the
Program is based. The work thus licensed is called the contributor’s “contributor version”.
A contributor’s “essential patent claims” are all patent claims owned or controlled by the contributor, whether already
acquired or hereafter acquired, that would be infringed by some manner, permitted by this License, of making, using,
or selling its contributor version, but do not include claims that would be infringed only as a consequence of further
modification of the contributor version. For purposes of this definition, “control” includes the right to grant patent
sublicenses in a manner consistent with the requirements of this License.
Each contributor grants you a non-exclusive, worldwide, royalty-free patent license under the contributor’s essential
patent claims, to make, use, sell, offer for sale, import and otherwise run, modify and propagate the contents of its
contributor version.
In the following three paragraphs, a “patent license” is any express agreement or commitment, however denominated,
not to enforce a patent (such as an express permission to practice a patent or covenant not to sue for patent infringe-
ment). To “grant” such a patent license to a party means to make such an agreement or commitment not to enforce a
patent against the party.
If you convey a covered work, knowingly relying on a patent license, and the Corresponding Source of the work is
not available for anyone to copy, free of charge and under the terms of this License, through a publicly available
network server or other readily accessible means, then you must either (1) cause the Corresponding Source to be so
available, or (2) arrange to deprive yourself of the benefit of the patent license for this particular work, or (3) arrange,
1.6. Licenses 267

in a manner consistent with the requirements of this License, to extend the patent license to downstream recipients.
“Knowingly relying” means you have actual knowledge that, but for the patent license, your conveying the covered
work in a country, or your recipient’s use of the covered work in a country, would infringe one or more identifiable
patents in that country that you have reason to believe are valid.
If, pursuant to or in connection with a single transaction or arrangement, you convey, or propagate by procuring
conveyance of, a covered work, and grant a patent license to some of the parties receiving the covered work authorizing
them to use, propagate, modify or convey a specific copy of the covered work, then the patent license you grant is
automatically extended to all recipients of the covered work and works based on it.
A patent license is “discriminatory” if it does not include within the scope of its coverage, prohibits the exercise of,
or is conditioned on the non-exercise of one or more of the rights that are specifically granted under this License.
You may not convey a covered work if you are a party to an arrangement with a third party that is in the business
of distributing software, under which you make payment to the third party based on the extent of your activity of
conveying the work, and under which the third party grants, to any of the parties who would receive the covered work
from you, a discriminatory patent license (a) in connection with copies of the covered work conveyed by you (or copies
made from those copies), or (b) primarily for and in connection with specific products or compilations that contain the
covered work, unless you entered into that arrangement, or that patent license was granted, prior to 28 March 2007.
Nothing in this License shall be construed as excluding or limiting any implied license or other defenses to infringe-
ment that may otherwise be available to you under applicable patent law.
1. No Surrender of Others’ Freedom.
If conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or otherwise) that contradict the conditions of
this License, they do not excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot convey a covered work so as to
satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence
you may not convey it at all. For example, if you agree to terms that obligate you to collect a royalty for further
conveying from those to whom you convey the Program, the only way you could satisfy both those terms and this
License would be to refrain entirely from conveying the Program.
1. Use with the GNU Affero General Public License.
Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, you have permission to link or combine any covered work with a
work licensed under version 3 of the GNU Affero General Public License into a single combined work, and to convey
the resulting work. The terms of this License will continue to apply to the part which is the covered work, but the
special requirements of the GNU Affero General Public License, section 13, concerning interaction through a network
will apply to the combination as such.
1. Revised Versions of this License.
The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of the GNU General Public License from
time to time. Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to address new
problems or concerns.
Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program specifies that a certain numbered version of
the GNU General Public License “or any later version” applies to it, you have the option of following the terms and
conditions either of that numbered version or of any later version published by the Free Software Foundation. If the
Program does not specify a version number of the GNU General Public License, you may choose any version ever
published by the Free Software Foundation.
If the Program specifies that a proxy can decide which future versions of the GNU General Public License can be
used, that proxy’s public statement of acceptance of a version permanently authorizes you to choose that version for
the Program.
Later license versions may give you additional or different permissions. However, no additional obligations are im-
posed on any author or copyright holder as a result of your choosing to follow a later version.
1. Disclaimer of Warranty.

THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW.
EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES
PROVIDE THE PROGRAM “AS IS” WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IM-
PLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE
OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE
COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
1. Limitation of Liability.
IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING WILL ANY COPY-
RIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MODIFIES AND/OR CONVEYS THE PROGRAM AS PER-
MITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDEN-
TAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PRO-
GRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE
OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE
WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF
THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
1. Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16.
If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided above cannot be given local legal effect according
to their terms, reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates an absolute waiver of all civil
liability in connection with the Program, unless a warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a copy of the
Program in return for a fee.
END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest possible use to the public, the best way to achieve
this is to make it free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest to attach them to the start of each source file to
most effectively state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the “copyright” line and a pointer to
where the full notice is found.
<one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.>
Copyright (C) <year> <name of author>
This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify

it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,

but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode:
<program> Copyright (C) <year> <name of author>

This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
1.6. Licenses 269

This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it

under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
The hypothetical commands show w' andshow c’ should show the appropriate parts of the General Public License.
Of course, your program’s commands might be different; for a GUI interface, you would use an “about box”.
You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school, if any, to sign a “copyright disclaimer”
for the program, if necessary. For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see http:
//www.gnu.org/licenses/.
The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into proprietary programs. If your
program is a subroutine library, you may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the
library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General Public License instead of this License. But first,
please read http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html.
1.6.2 TitanEngine Update
GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE

This version of the GNU Lesser General Public License incorporates the terms and conditions of version 3 of the GNU
General Public License, supplemented by the additional permissions listed below.
1. Additional Definitions.
As used herein, “this License” refers to version 3 of the GNU Lesser General Public License, and the “GNU GPL”
refers to version 3 of the GNU General Public License.
“The Library” refers to a covered work governed by this License, other than an Application or a Combined Work as
defined below.
An “Application” is any work that makes use of an interface provided by the Library, but which is not otherwise based
on the Library. Defining a subclass of a class defined by the Library is deemed a mode of using an interface provided
by the Library.
A “Combined Work” is a work produced by combining or linking an Application with the Library. The particular
version of the Library with which the Combined Work was made is also called the “Linked Version”.
The “Minimal Corresponding Source” for a Combined Work means the Corresponding Source for the Combined
Work, excluding any source code for portions of the Combined Work that, considered in isolation, are based on the
Application, and not on the Linked Version.
The “Corresponding Application Code” for a Combined Work means the object code and/or source code for the
Application, including any data and utility programs needed for reproducing the Combined Work from the Application,
but excluding the System Libraries of the Combined Work.
1. Exception to Section 3 of the GNU GPL.
You may convey a covered work under sections 3 and 4 of this License without being bound by section 3 of the GNU
GPL.
1. Conveying Modified Versions.
If you modify a copy of the Library, and, in your modifications, a facility refers to a function or data to be supplied
by an Application that uses the facility (other than as an argument passed when the facility is invoked), then you may
convey a copy of the modified version:

a) under this License, provided that you make a good faith effort to ensure that, in the event an Application does not
supply the function or data, the facility still operates, and performs whatever part of its purpose remains meaningful,
or
b) under the GNU GPL, with none of the additional permissions of this License applicable to that copy.
1. Object Code Incorporating Material from Library Header Files.
The object code form of an Application may incorporate material from a header file that is part of the Library. You
may convey such object code under terms of your choice, provided that, if the incorporated material is not limited to
numerical parameters, data structure layouts and accessors, or small macros, inline functions and templates (ten or
fewer lines in length), you do both of the following:
a) Give prominent notice with each copy of the object code that the Library is used in it and that the Library and its
use are covered by this License.
b) Accompany the object code with a copy of the GNU GPL and this license document.
1. Combined Works.
You may convey a Combined Work under terms of your choice that, taken together, effectively do not restrict mod-
ification of the portions of the Library contained in the Combined Work and reverse engineering for debugging such
modifications, if you also do each of the following:
a) Give prominent notice with each copy of the Combined Work that the Library is used in it and that the Library and
its use are covered by this License.
b) Accompany the Combined Work with a copy of the GNU GPL and this license document.
c) For a Combined Work that displays copyright notices during execution, include the copyright notice for the Library
among these notices, as well as a reference directing the user to the copies of the GNU GPL and this license document.
d) Do one of the following:
0) Convey the Minimal Corresponding Source under the terms of this

License, and the Corresponding Application Code in a form
suitable for, and under terms that permit, the user to
recombine or relink the Application with a modified version of
the Linked Version to produce a modified Combined Work, in the
manner specified by section 6 of the GNU GPL for conveying
1) Use a suitable shared library mechanism for linking with the

Library. A suitable mechanism is one that (a) uses at run time
a copy of the Library already present on the user's computer
system, and (b) will operate properly with a modified version
of the Library that is interface-compatible with the Linked
Version.
e) Provide Installation Information, but only if you would otherwise be required to provide such information under
section 6 of the GNU GPL, and only to the extent that such information is necessary to install and execute a modified
version of the Combined Work produced by recombining or relinking the Application with a modified version of the
Linked Version. (If you use option 4d0, the Installation Information must accompany the Minimal Corresponding
Source and Corresponding Application Code. If you use option 4d1, you must provide the Installation Information in
the manner specified by section 6 of the GNU GPL for conveying Corresponding Source.)
1. Combined Libraries.
You may place library facilities that are a work based on the Library side by side in a single library together with other
library facilities that are not Applications and are not covered by this License, and convey such a combined library
under terms of your choice, if you do both of the following:
1.6. Licenses 271

a) Accompany the combined library with a copy of the same work based on the Library, uncombined with any other
library facilities, conveyed under the terms of this License.
b) Give prominent notice with the combined library that part of it is a work based on the Library, and explaining where
to find the accompanying uncombined form of the same work.
1. Revised Versions of the GNU Lesser General Public License.
The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of the GNU Lesser General Public License
from time to time. Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to address
new problems or concerns.
Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Library as you received it specifies that a certain num-
bered version of the GNU Lesser General Public License “or any later version” applies to it, you have the option
of following the terms and conditions either of that published version or of any later version published by the Free
Software Foundation. If the Library as you received it does not specify a version number of the GNU Lesser General
Public License, you may choose any version of the GNU Lesser General Public License ever published by the Free
Software Foundation.
If the Library as you received it specifies that a proxy can decide whether future versions of the GNU Lesser General
Public License shall apply, that proxy’s public statement of acceptance of any version is permanent authorization for
you to choose that version for the Library.
1.6.3 Zydis
The MIT License (MIT)

Copyright (c) 2018 Florian Bernd Copyright (c) 2018 Joel Höner
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documen-
tation files (the “Software”), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use,
copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom
the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the
Software.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED “AS IS”, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED,
INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PAR-
TICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT
HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFT-
WARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
1.6.4 XEDParse
GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE

This version of the GNU Lesser General Public License incorporates the terms and conditions of version 3 of the GNU
General Public License, supplemented by the additional permissions listed below.
1. Additional Definitions.

As used herein, “this License” refers to version 3 of the GNU Lesser General Public License, and the “GNU GPL”
refers to version 3 of the GNU General Public License.
“The Library” refers to a covered work governed by this License, other than an Application or a Combined Work as
defined below.
An “Application” is any work that makes use of an interface provided by the Library, but which is not otherwise based
on the Library. Defining a subclass of a class defined by the Library is deemed a mode of using an interface provided
by the Library.
A “Combined Work” is a work produced by combining or linking an Application with the Library. The particular
version of the Library with which the Combined Work was made is also called the “Linked Version”.
The “Minimal Corresponding Source” for a Combined Work means the Corresponding Source for the Combined
Work, excluding any source code for portions of the Combined Work that, considered in isolation, are based on the
Application, and not on the Linked Version.
The “Corresponding Application Code” for a Combined Work means the object code and/or source code for the
Application, including any data and utility programs needed for reproducing the Combined Work from the Application,
but excluding the System Libraries of the Combined Work.
1. Exception to Section 3 of the GNU GPL.
You may convey a covered work under sections 3 and 4 of this License without being bound by section 3 of the GNU
GPL.
1. Conveying Modified Versions.
If you modify a copy of the Library, and, in your modifications, a facility refers to a function or data to be supplied
by an Application that uses the facility (other than as an argument passed when the facility is invoked), then you may
convey a copy of the modified version:
a) under this License, provided that you make a good faith effort to ensure that, in the event an Application does not
supply the function or data, the facility still operates, and performs whatever part of its purpose remains meaningful,
or
b) under the GNU GPL, with none of the additional permissions of this License applicable to that copy.
1. Object Code Incorporating Material from Library Header Files.
The object code form of an Application may incorporate material from a header file that is part of the Library. You
may convey such object code under terms of your choice, provided that, if the incorporated material is not limited to
numerical parameters, data structure layouts and accessors, or small macros, inline functions and templates (ten or
fewer lines in length), you do both of the following:
a) Give prominent notice with each copy of the object code that the Library is used in it and that the Library and its
use are covered by this License.
b) Accompany the object code with a copy of the GNU GPL and this license document.
1. Combined Works.
You may convey a Combined Work under terms of your choice that, taken together, effectively do not restrict mod-
ification of the portions of the Library contained in the Combined Work and reverse engineering for debugging such
modifications, if you also do each of the following:
a) Give prominent notice with each copy of the Combined Work that the Library is used in it and that the Library and
its use are covered by this License.
b) Accompany the Combined Work with a copy of the GNU GPL and this license document.
c) For a Combined Work that displays copyright notices during execution, include the copyright notice for the Library
among these notices, as well as a reference directing the user to the copies of the GNU GPL and this license document.
1.6. Licenses 273

d) Do one of the following:
0) Convey the Minimal Corresponding Source under the terms of this

License, and the Corresponding Application Code in a form
suitable for, and under terms that permit, the user to
recombine or relink the Application with a modified version of
the Linked Version to produce a modified Combined Work, in the
manner specified by section 6 of the GNU GPL for conveying
1) Use a suitable shared library mechanism for linking with the

Library. A suitable mechanism is one that (a) uses at run time
a copy of the Library already present on the user's computer
system, and (b) will operate properly with a modified version
of the Library that is interface-compatible with the Linked
Version.
e) Provide Installation Information, but only if you would otherwise be required to provide such information under
section 6 of the GNU GPL, and only to the extent that such information is necessary to install and execute a modified
version of the Combined Work produced by recombining or relinking the Application with a modified version of the
Linked Version. (If you use option 4d0, the Installation Information must accompany the Minimal Corresponding
Source and Corresponding Application Code. If you use option 4d1, you must provide the Installation Information in
the manner specified by section 6 of the GNU GPL for conveying Corresponding Source.)
1. Combined Libraries.
You may place library facilities that are a work based on the Library side by side in a single library together with other
library facilities that are not Applications and are not covered by this License, and convey such a combined library
under terms of your choice, if you do both of the following:
a) Accompany the combined library with a copy of the same work based on the Library, uncombined with any other
library facilities, conveyed under the terms of this License.
b) Give prominent notice with the combined library that part of it is a work based on the Library, and explaining where
to find the accompanying uncombined form of the same work.
1. Revised Versions of the GNU Lesser General Public License.
The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of the GNU Lesser General Public License
from time to time. Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to address
new problems or concerns.
Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Library as you received it specifies that a certain num-
bered version of the GNU Lesser General Public License “or any later version” applies to it, you have the option
of following the terms and conditions either of that published version or of any later version published by the Free
Software Foundation. If the Library as you received it does not specify a version number of the GNU Lesser General
Public License, you may choose any version of the GNU Lesser General Public License ever published by the Free
Software Foundation.
If the Library as you received it specifies that a proxy can decide whether future versions of the GNU Lesser General
Public License shall apply, that proxy’s public statement of acceptance of any version is permanent authorization for
you to choose that version for the Library.
1.6.5 asmjit
Copyright (c) 2008-2017, Petr Kobalicek

This software is provided ‘as-is’, without any express or implied warranty. In no event will the authors be held liable
for any damages arising from the use of this software.

Permission is granted to anyone to use this software for any purpose, including commercial applications, and to alter
it and redistribute it freely, subject to the following restrictions:
1. The origin of this software must not be misrepresented; you must not claim that you wrote the original software.
If you use this software in a product, an acknowledgment in the product documentation would be appreciated
but is not required.
2. Altered source versions must be plainly marked as such, and must not be misrepresented as being the original
software.
3. This notice may not be removed or altered from any source distribution.
1.6.6 jansson
Copyright (c) 2009-2018 Petri Lehtinen petri@digip.org

Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documen-
tation files (the “Software”), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use,
copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom
the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the
Software.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED “AS IS”, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED,
INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PAR-
TICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT
HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFT-
WARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
1.6.7 LZ4
LZ4 Library Copyright (c) 2011-2014, Yann Collet All rights reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided that the
following conditions are met:
• Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following
disclaimer.
• Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the follow-
ing disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS “AS IS” AND
ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WAR-
RANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN
NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDI-
RECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS;
OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER
IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN
ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
DAMAGE.
1.6. Licenses 275

1.6.8 Snowman Licensing Information
Snowman uses source code of multiple projects and, as a whole, is licensed under the terms of the GNU General
Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, version 3 or any later version. In addition, you can use
all the code and changes contributed to the project and not explicitly copyrighted otherwise, e.g., by a note in a commit
message, under the following terms.
Copyright (c) 2010 Yegor Derevenets <yegor.derevenets@gmail.com> All rights reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided that the
following conditions are met:
• Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following
disclaimer.
• Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the follow-
ing disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
• Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote
products derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS “AS IS” AND
ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WAR-
RANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN
NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDI-
RECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS;
OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER
IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN
ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
DAMAGE.

CHAPTER 2
Indices and tables
• genindex
• modindex
• search
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2 Indices and tables 277

1.1 What is x64dbg?

This is a x64/x32 debugger that is currently in active development.

• Full-featured debugging of DLL and EXE files (TitanEngine Community Edition)

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• Intuitive and familiar, yet new user interface

Commands have the following format:

command arg1, arg2, argN

All registers (of all sizes) can be used as variables.

• seg:[addr] read a DWORD/QWORD from a segment at addr.

See the expressions section for more information.

Loaded module bases

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Module entry points

9. binary xor: 2^1 (regular binary xor).

1.2.4 Expression Functions

• disasm.sel()/dis.sel() : Get the selected address in the disassembly view.

• src.disp(addr) : Get displacement of addr relative to last source line.

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• peb() : Get PEB address.

• bswap(value) : Byte-swap value. For example, bswap(44332211) = 0x11223344.

• mem.valid(addr) : True if addr is a valid memory address.

• dis.len(addr) : Get the length of the instruction at addr.

• dis.brtrue(addr) : Branch destination of the instruction at addr.

• tr.enabled(addr) : True if the trace record is enabled at addr.

• ref.count() : Number of entries in the current reference view.

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This program supports variables. There are three types of variables:

There are a few reserved variables:

1.2.6 Conditional Breakpoints

This section describes the conditional breakpoint capability in x64dbg.

When a breakpoint is hit, x64dbg will do the following things:

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A conditional breakpoint which never breaks

Comparison with Conditional Tracing

• Conditional Breakpoint Control

1.2.7 Conditional Tracing

This section describes the conditional tracing capability in x64dbg.

When a trace step is hit, x64dbg will do the following things:

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1.2.8 String Formatting

{mem;size@address} will print the size bytes starting at address in hex.

• rax: {rax} formats to rax: 4C76

1.2.9 Command line

x64dbg supports the following command line:

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• 3 arguments: x64dbg filename.exe cmdline currentdir will debug filename.exe with

1.3 GUI manual

This section describes the usage of the program’s graphical interface.

This section describes menus in the GUI.

The file menu contains the following entries:

1.3. GUI manual 15

This allows you to import a database.

This allows you to export an uncompressed database.

Execute the command run/go/r/g.

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Run (Pass exceptions)

Execute the command erun/ego/er/eg.