Globalization and Human Development

GLOBALIZATION AND
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT:
AN OVERVIEW
Different Perspectives on a Globalized World
 Based on the literature on globalization there are

four waves of theoretical discourse to the analysis
of this social phenomena (Martell 2010, Berry
2011).The hyperglobalist approach represents the
first wave. It is focused on the idea of globalization
as economic transformation and conceives
globalization the inevitable emergence of a single
global capitalist market economy. It covers both a
neoclassical and Marxist perspective.
 The skeptical approach disputes the reality of

globalization as a structural change is the second
wave. For this approach, the world is not globalized
nor globalizing; globalization does not exist.
Countries or nations have the influential power to
counter the effects of globalization.
 Transformationalism or the geographical approach

represents the third wave. It posits that globalization
is the inevitable creation of a social space where
culture is homogenous and trade is liberalized.
When is access cheap enough to connect the world?
- It should already be clear to us that

technological innovations exponentially
increased the flow and access to information
around the world. Now the question is how to
connect the world more efficiently and
affordably.
- The Internet, arguably one of the most

transformational technological innovations in
human history, has definitely contributed to how
the world is connected. Although in the last four
years internet growth has slowed down and by
early 2016, only an estimated 44 percent of the
world’s population are connected to the global
digital economy. Therefore, strictly speaking the
rest of the world (56%) is not yet connected to
the World Wide Web. Is it just the cost or price to
connect or something more?
There are 3 critical and interdependent markets
I. The Connectivity Market

- seeks to provide affordable and reliable
internet access.
ii. The Content Market
- seeks to create relevant uses or
reasons for people to go online
iii. The Retail Market
- helps people discover the Internet and
how vast it is. It also acts as the sales and
service arm of the Internet industry.
Can We End Global Poverty by Tomorrow?
I. Technology used in the right way

may very well end global poverty.
The following are four technologies

that may help end global poverty.
1. Blockchain
2. Smart Survey boxes
3. Genetically Modified Crops
4. Video Games
I. History
Improving people’s well-being

and enlarging their freedoms
and opportunities is the process
of Human Development. It is
about having true freedom to
choose and decide on who we
want to be, what to do and how
to live our lives.
Global Governance
Involve 8 goals and represent a holistic approach

to development with targets in the areas of
economic, social, health, education, gender and the
environment.
These are:
1. Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
2. Achieve universal primary education
3. Promote gender equality and
empowering women
4. Reduce child mortality
5. Improve maternal health
6. Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other
diseases
7. Ensure environmental sustainability
8. Develop a global partnership for
development
Aid and Philanthropy
In order for aid and philanthropy to succeed it

needs an infrastructure or an environment that
possess 5 main features:
1. A legal framework that empowers

2. A tax structure that provides
incentives
3. An accountability system that
builds confidence in philanthropy
and civil society
4. Sufficient institutional capacity to
implement effective activities
5. Enough resources to undertake
activities
Global Flatteners and Unflatteners
There’s 10 Flatteners
‘TheWorld is Flat: A Brief History of the

Twenty-First Century’, a book by Thomas
Friedman (2007) where he proposes and emphasizes
that due to certain events and developments the world
is becoming flat.
1. The coming down of the Berlin Wall on

11th September 1989 (Beck, 2000) is the first flattener
is. The Cold War has ended and countries, companies
and individuals are able to join the economic
mainstream - capitalism.
2. Netscape going public (Beck, 2000) and

introducing new tools such as web browsers and the
Internet.
3. “the existence of a wide range of

software standards that allows every
individual to do more using their computers
(Boudreaux, 2008)”.
4. ability to upload information and

content from the computer onto a network is
the fourth force is (Boudreaux, 2008). Through open
source software like Wikipedia and YouTube every
individual can be an actual contributor or creator of
new information.
5. Outsourcing (Eriksen, 2007) Third party

sub-contracting to cut costs and increase efficiency
have been the trend for more and more companies.
6. Offshoring (Eriksen, 2007).

When the production plant of a
company is moved from one
country to another it is called
offshoring.
7. Supply chaining (Holmes, 2008)

Supply chaining is increasing the
connection between suppliers to
retailers to consumers.
8. Insourcing (Holmes, 2008). This

happen when one company hires
another company to handle their supply
chain. .
9. Informing (Scholte, 2005). It deals with

the easy access of obtaining information
specifically provided by the World Wide
Web through its various search engines
10. The steroids (Waters, 2001)

According to Friedman there are three
types of steroids.
There are also 7 unflatteners which does not make

the word flat or that which creates an imbalance.
These are:
Poverty – main cause of global inequality, as long as

it exists there will be no flat world
USA vs. World Economy – the world is generally
dependent on the US Dollar creating an imbalance in
world economy
Half flat world – this is when local governments fail
which could be due to corrupt officials or
mismanaged governments
Middle East – the never-ending wars in the Middle
East and the threat of terrorism worldwide could set-
up walls in different countries
There are also 7 unflatteners which does not make

the word flat or that which creates an imbalance.
These are:
Digital Divide – people are either connected to the

internet or not, and this creates the division and
imbalance
Suppression – suppression from within the family,
culture, or governments
Tribalization – a strong cultural and personal identity
could lead to misunderstanding and when taken to
the extreme could lead to wars.
Thank For
Listening

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GLOBALIZATION AND

 Based on the literature on globalization there are

 The skeptical approach disputes the reality of

 Transformationalism or the geographical approach

- It should already be clear to us that

- The Internet, arguably one of the most

I. The Connectivity Market

I. Technology used in the right way

The following are four technologies

Improving people’s well-being

Involve 8 goals and represent a holistic approach

In order for aid and philanthropy to succeed it

1. A legal framework that empowers

‘TheWorld is Flat: A Brief History of the

1. The coming down of the Berlin Wall on

2. Netscape going public (Beck, 2000) and

3. “the existence of a wide range of

4. ability to upload information and

5. Outsourcing (Eriksen, 2007) Third party

6. Offshoring (Eriksen, 2007).

7. Supply chaining (Holmes, 2008)

8. Insourcing (Holmes, 2008). This

9. Informing (Scholte, 2005). It deals with

10. The steroids (Waters, 2001)

There are also 7 unflatteners which does not make

Poverty – main cause of global inequality, as long as

There are also 7 unflatteners which does not make

Digital Divide – people are either connected to the

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