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    Lecture1 U5

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    Arul Selvam P

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Lecture1 U5

    Uploaded by

    Arul Selvam P
    2 views15 pages

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    Lecture1_u5

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    2 views15 pages

    Lecture1 U5

    Uploaded by

    Arul Selvam P

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    You are on page 1of 15

    Model Development and

    Evaluation

    Unit-5
    Model Development and Evaluation with
    Python
    Model Development
    • In this section, we will develop several models
    that will predict the price of the car using the
    variables or features. This is just an estimate
    but should give us an objective idea of how
    much the car should cost.
    Model Development and Evaluation with
    Python
    Some questions we want to ask in this kernel
    1. do I know if the dealer is offering fair value for my
    trade-in?
    2. do I know if I put a fair value on my car?

    • Data Analytics, we often use Model Development to help


    us predict future observations from the data we have.
    • A Model will help us understand the exact relationship
    between different variables and how these variables are
    used to predict the result.
    Model Development and Evaluation with
    Python
    Setup
    import pandas as pd
    import numpy as np
    import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
    from IPython.display import display
    from ipywidgets import interact, interactive, fixed,
    interact_manual, widgets
    Model Development and Evaluation with
    Python
    from google.colab import
    drivedrive.mount('/content/drive')

    Output:
    Mounted at /content/drive
    Model Development and Evaluation with Python

    df = pd.read_csv('/content/drive/MyDrive/dataanalysis/auto_clean.csv')
    df.head()

    Output:
    Model Development and Evaluation with
    Python
    1. Linear Regression
    • One example of a Data Model that we will be
    using is Simple Linear Regression.
    • Simple Linear Regression is a method to help us
    understand the relationship between two
    variables:
    i. The predictor/independent variable (X)
    ii. The response/dependent variable (that we
    want to predict)(Y)
    Model Development and Evaluation with
    Python
    • The result of Linear Regression is a linear
    function that predicts the response
    (dependent) variable as a function of the
    predictor (independent) variable.
    Y : Response Variable
    X : Predictor Variables
    Model Development and Evaluation with
    Python
    Linear function:
    • a refers to the intercept of the regression
    line0, in other words: the value of Y when X is
    0
    • b refers to the slope of the regression line, in
    other words: the value with which Y changes
    when X increases by 1 unit
    Model Development and Evaluation with
    Python
    • Lets load the modules for linear regression
    from sklearn.linear_model import LinearRegression

    • Create the linear regression object


    lm = LinearRegression()
    Lm

    Output:
    Model Development and Evaluation with
    Python
    How could Highway-mpg help us predict car price?
    For this example, we want to look at how highway-mpg can help
    us predict car price. Using simple linear regression, we will
    create a linear function with "highway-mpg" as the predictor
    variable and the "price" as the response variable.

    X = df[['highway-mpg']]
    Y = df['price']
    Model Development and Evaluation with
    Python
    • Fit the linear model using highway-mpg.
    lm.fit(X,Y)
    Output:

    • We can output a prediction


    Yhat = lm.predict(X)
    Yhat[0:5]
    Output:
    array([16236.50464347, 16236.50464347, 17058.23802179,
    13771.3045085 , 20345.17153508])
    Model Development and Evaluation with
    Python
    • What is the value of the intercept (a)?
    lm.intercept_
    Output:
    38423.3058581574

    • What is the value of the Slope (b)?


    lm.coef_
    Output:
    array([-821.73337832])
    Model Development and Evaluation with
    Python
    • What is the final estimated linear model we get?
    • As we saw above, we should get a final linear model with the
    structure:

    Yhat=a+bX
    • Plugging in the actual values we get:
    • price = 38423.31 - 821.73 x highway-mpg
    Model Development and Evaluation with
    Python
    Reference:

    • https://www.kaggle.com/code/fazilbtopal/model-
    development-and-evaluation-with-python

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