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    Water Resources

    Uploaded by

    Anuj Kumar

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Water Resources

    Uploaded by

    Anuj Kumar
    5 views9 pages

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

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    PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

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    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    5 views9 pages

    Water Resources

    Uploaded by

    Anuj Kumar

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 9

    Water resources

    Water is a renewable
    resource
    ¾ earth surface
    is covered with
    water It can be renewed
    through the hydrological
    cycle
    2.5% Fresh
    96.5 in Ocean
    water

    70% Glacier & Surface run off


    Ice caps and rainwater
    Reasons for Water Scarcity

    1. Large and growing population leads to greater demands for water and
    unequal access to it.
    2. Due to urbanisation the density of population increased .
    3. Due to changes in lifestyles , people started to consume more water for their
    daily needs as Free flow water for bathing,cooking and washing , car wash
    etc
    4. Water resources are being exploited to expand agriculture.
    5. Increasing industries has made matters worse by exerting pressure on
    existing freshwater resources.
    6. Contamination of the natural water resources by industries and other waste .
    Hydraulic structures in Ancient INdia
    In the 1st century BC Sringaverapura near Allahabad had sophisticated water
    harvesting system channeling the flood water of the river ganga

    During the time of Chandragupta Maurya,dams lakes and irrigation systems were
    extensively built.

    Evidences of sophisticated irrigation works have also been found in Kalinga,


    Nagarjunakonda, Bennur, Kolhapur etc.

    In the 11th century, Bhopal Lake one of the largest artificial lakes of its time was built

    In the 14th century a tank in Hauz Khas, Delhi was constructed by Iltutmish for
    supplying water to Siri Fort
    Dam is a barrier built across flowing
    water that obstructs,directs or retards Traditionally dams were built to impound
    rivers and rainwater for later use
    the flow often creating a reservoir,lake
    Today dams are built for irrigation
    or impoundment purpose,electricity generation,domestic
    and industrial uses and fish breeding.

    In Sutlej-Beas basin
    Bhakra nangal dam
    Main purpose:
    Hydroelectricity
    Irrigation

    In Mahanadi basin
    Hirakud dam
    Main purpose
    Water conservation
    Flood Control
    Multipurpose River Project
    Traditionally dams were built to impound rivers and rainwater for later use
    Today dams are built for irrigation ,electricity generation, domestic water supply
    industrial uses ,recreational, flood control and fish breeding.

    Bhakra Nagal dam Sutlej basin Electricity/irrigation

    Hirkud Dam Mahanadi Flood control


    Opposition of Dam
    Regulating and damming of water affect the natural flow
    of water

    Difficult for aquatic fauna to migrate The dams that were constructed
    Poorer habitat for aquatic life to control floods have triggered
    floods due to sedimentation
    Resulting in rockier stream beds

    Lead to social movements like Narmada Bachao


    Andolan and the Tehri Dam Andolan

    Local people often have to give up their livelihood and are


    not benefited from such projects

    Irrigation pattern changes

    Water intensive farming takes place leading to salinity of


    water

    Leads to Inter state disputes

    Most of the objective of the projects are failed to achieve


    Rainwater harvesting
    People had in-depth knowledge of rainfall regimes and soil types and developed wide ranging
    techniques to harvest rainwater, groundwater, river water and flood water in keeping with the local
    ecological conditions and their water needs.

    ● In hill and mountainous regions, people built diversion channels like the ‘guls or ‘kuls’ of the
    Western Himalayas for agriculture.
    ● In the flood plains of Bengal, people developed inundation channels to irrigate their fields.
    ● Rooftop rainwater harvesting was commonly practised to store drinking water, particularly in
    Rajasthan.
    ● In arid and semi-arid regions, agricultural fields were converted into rainfed storage structures
    that allowed the water to stand and moisten the soil

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