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    Longitudinal Static Stability

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    recyclemechanics21

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    Longitudinal Static Stability

    Uploaded by

    recyclemechanics21
    3 views11 pages

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

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    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    3 views11 pages

    Longitudinal Static Stability

    Uploaded by

    recyclemechanics21

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 11

    Longitudinal

    Static Stability

    Kenneth D. Caringal
    Pitching Moment Equation and Trim
    Most aircraft being symmetrical about the centerline,
    moderate changes in angle of attack will have little
    or no influence upon the yaw or roll. This permits
    the stability and control analysis to be divided into
    longitudinal (pitch only) and lateral-directional (roll
    and yaw) analysis.

    This figure shows the major contributors to aircraft


    pitching moment about the e.g., including the wing,
    tail, fuselage, and engine contributions.
    Pitching Moment Equation and Trim
    The wing pitching-moment contribution includes the
    lift through the wing aerodynamic center and the
    wing moment about the aerodynamic center.
    Remember that the aerodynamic center is defined as
    the point about which pitching moment is constant
    with respect to angle of attack. This constant
    moment about the aerodynamic center is zero only if
    the wing is uncambered and untwisted.
    The aerodynamic center is typically at 25% of the
    MAC in subsonic flight.
    Pitching Moment Equation and Trim
    Another wing moment term is the change in pitching
    moment due to flap deflection. Flap deflection also
    influences the wing lift, adding to that term. Flap
    deflection has a large effect upon downwash at the
    tail

    Drag of the wing and tail produces some pitching


    moment,. but these values are negligibly small. Also,
    the pitching moment of the tail about its
    aerodynamic center is small and can be ignored.
    Pitching Moment Equation and Trim
    On the other hand the long moment arm of the tail
    times its lift produces a very large moment that is
    used to trim and control the aircraft. While this
    figure shows tail lift upward, under many conditions
    the tail lift will be downward to counteract the wing
    pitching moment.
    The fuselage and nacelles produce pitching moments
    that are difficult to estimate without wind-tunnel
    data. These moments are influenced by the upwash
    and downwash produced by the wing.
    Pitching Moment Equation and Trim
    On the other hand the long moment arm of the tail
    times its lift produces a very large moment that is
    used to trim and control the aircraft. While this
    figure shows tail lift upward, under many conditions
    the tail lift will be downward to counteract the wing
    pitching moment.
    The fuselage and nacelles produce pitching moments
    that are difficult to estimate without wind-tunnel
    data. These moments are influenced by the upwash
    and downwash produced by the wing.
    Pitching Moment Equation and Trim
    A canard aircraft has a "negative" tail moment-arm
    that should be applied in the equations that follow. If
    an aircraft is tailless, the wing flap must be used for
    trim and control. Due to the short moment arm of
    such a control, the trim drags will be substantially
    higher for off-design e.g. locations. .
    The fuselage and nacelles produce pitching moments
    that are difficult to estimate without wind-tunnel
    data. These moments are influenced by the upwash
    and downwash produced by the wing.
    Pitching Moment Equation and Trim
    A canard aircraft has a "negative" tail moment-arm
    that should be applied in the equations that follow. If
    an aircraft is tailless, the wing flap must be used for
    trim and control. Due to the short moment arm of
    such a control, the trim drags will be substantially
    higher for off-design e.g. locations. .
    The fuselage and nacelles produce pitching moments
    that are difficult to estimate without wind-tunnel
    data. These moments are influenced by the upwash
    and downwash produced by the wing.
    Pitching Moment Equation and Trim
    The engine produces three contributions to pitching
    moment. The obvious term is the thrust times its
    vertical distance from the e.g. Less obvious is the
    vertical force Fp produced at the propeller disk or
    inlet front face due to the turning of the freestream
    airflow. Also, the propwash Jet induced flowfield
    will influence the effective angle of attack of the tail
    and possibly the wing.
    Thank
    You

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