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Class 11 Chapter 3 Python Fundamentals

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58 views

Class 11 Chapter 3 Python Fundamentals

Uploaded by

sidharthshah1209
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 64

Ch.

3: Python
Fundamentals
You’ll be learning about Python’s Basic
like
• Character set,
• Tokens,
• Expressions,
• Statements,
• simple input and output
Character Set
• Character set is a set of valid character that a language can
recognize.
• Represent
• any letters  A-Z, a-z
• digit or symbols.  0=9
• Special symbols  +_*/(){}[]=!% _
Tokens
• In a passage of text, individual words and punctuation marks
are called Tokens.
• Another words we can say Lexical units.
Python has following Tokens:
• Keywords
• Identifiers
• Literals
• Operators
• punctuations
1. keywords
• Keywords are the words that convey a special meaning to the
language interpreter.
• Contain following keywords:
• False, in, is, or, pass, while, for, not, try etc…
2. Identifiers
• Identifiers are fundamentals building blocks of a program and
are used as the general terminology for the names given to
different parts of a program
• Variables, object, classes, functions, lists, dictionaries etc…
Following are some valid identifiers
• Myfile,
• date123,
• _as,
• aSDF234
Following are some invalid identifiers
• DATE-IS
• 25th
• Break
• My.myname
3. Literals / values
• Literals are data items that have a fixed value.
• we can say as a constant value.
Several kinds of Literals
• String literals
• Numeric literals
• Boolean literals
• Special literal None
String Literals
• A string literals is a sequence of characters surrounded by
quotes.
• There are two types of string literals
• Single-line
• multiline
• Ex:

• a=“Alchemy
• Surat”
• Print(a)

• o\p: Error
• A=“Alchemy\
• Surat”
• Print(a)

• o\p: Alchemy Surat


• a= “”” Welcome
To
Alchemy
School”””
• Print(a)
o\p:
Welcome
To
Alchemy
school
• a= “”” Welcome \
• to\
• Alchemy \
• School \
• Surat”””
• Print(a)
o\p:
Welcome to Alchemy School Surat
Numeric Literals
• Int
• Float
• complex
(1)Integer Literals
• Integer constant must have at least one digit and must not
contain any decimal point.it may contain + or – sign.
• Decimal integer  Ex: 123, +87, -56
• Octal Integer  only digit 0-7 Ex: (12)8
• Hexadecimal Integer  contain 1-9 and A to F Ex: (B) 16
(2) Floating point literals
• Floating point is also called real literals.
• Fraction part  Ex: 2.0, -13.5, .3
• Exponent part  Ex: 152E5, -0.17E4
Boolean Literals
• True
• false
Special literal None
• Python has one special literals, which is None.
• It is used to indicate absence of value.
Operators:
• Operators are tokens hat trigger some computation when
applied to variable and the objects in an expression.
• Variables and object to which the computation is applied, are
called operands.
• So an operator requires some operands to work upon.
Unary Operator
• + unary plus
• - unary minus

• Ex: a=4 Ex: a=4


• print(a) print(-a)

• o\p: 4 o\p: -4
Binary Operator
• Arithmetic  +,-,*,/
• Bitwise & , ^ , |
• Shift  >>,<<
• Identity  is, is not
• Relational  >,<,<=,>=,!=
• Assignment  =,+=, *=,-=
• Logical  And, Or
• Membership  in, not in
Punctuator
• Punctuator are symbols that are used in programming
languages to organize sentence structures.

• Ex: ‘ “ \ () [] {} @ , : . ; ` =
Barebones of a Python Program
Various components like:
• Expressions
• Statements
• Comments
• Function
• Block and indentation
Expressions:
• Any expressions is any legal combination of symbols that
represents a value.
• Ex: 25, x + 10, c>6 etc..
Statements:

• A statement is a programming instruction that does something.


• While an expressions is evaluated, a statements is executes.
• Ex:
• a=10
• b=15
• if a>b:
• print(“a is higher no.")
• else:
• print(“b is higher no.")
Comments:
• Comments are the additional readable information to clarify the
source code.
• Ex:
• # this is my first program.
Multi-line comments:
• ‘’’ this is my first page
Its include some statements
And some functions’’’
Function:
• A function is a code that has a name and it can be reused by
specifying its name in the program.
• Ex:
• Def functionname()
• def seeyou():
print("jignesh")
Seeyou()
Blocks and Indentation
• A group of statements which are part of another statement or a function are
called block or code of block or suite in python.
• a=10
• b=a-3
• print(a+b)
• if b>5:
• print("option 1")
• print("b is higher no.")
• else:
• print("Option 2")
• print("a is higher no.")
Multiple assignments
• Assigning same value to multiple variables
• a=b=c=25
• Assigning multiple value to multiple variables
• x,y = 5,10  correct
• x,y,z=5,10  incorrect
Variables and assignments
• A variable in Python represents named location that refers to a
value and whose values can be used and processed during
program run.
• Ex:
• a=5
• abc=“Jignesh”

• a=5  correct
• 5=a  incorrect
Variable Definition
• A variable is created when you first assign a value to it.
• X=10
• Print(X)
Dynamic typing:
• A variable is defined by assigning to it some value.
• A=10
• Print(A)
• A=15
• Print(A)
Type()
• A=10
• Type(A)
• <class int>
Simple input and output:
• To get input from user interactively, you can use built in function
input().

• Ex:
• a=input(“what is your name?”)
• print(a)

• o\p:
What is your name? Jignesh
jignesh
• The input() function always returns a value of string type.

• Type(a)

• o\p: str
• Ex:

• b=input(“enter any number:”)


• print(b)

• o\p:
• Enter any number: 5

• type(b)
• o\p: str
Reading numbers:
• String values cannot be used for arithmetic or other numeric
operations.
• You need to have values of numeric types int or float.
• Python offers two functions: int() and float() to be used with input() to
convert the values received through input() into int and float types.

• a=int(input(“enter your age:”))


• print(a)

• o\p: enter your age: 15


• type(a)
• o\p: int
Possible errors when reading numeric

values:
• a= int(input(“Enter any number:”))
• Print(a)

• o\p: enter any number: 15.5

• o\p: error
• a= float(input(“Enter any number:”))
• Print(a)

• o\p: enter any number: 15.5 abc

• o\p: error
Features of print statements
• It auto-converts the items to strings.
• It inserts spaces between items automatically because the
default value of sep argument is space(‘’).
Ex: print(“my”, “name”, “is”)

o\p: my name is

Ex: print("hello","hi how are you",sep=“surat")


o\p: hellosurathihow are you
• print(“Alchemy”, end=” ”)
• print(“Surat”)

• o\p: Alchemy Surat


• a=5
• b=10
• c=a+b
• print("total value of",a,"and",b ,"is",c)
Assignment Questions
• How are keywords different from Identifiers?
• Keywords is a word having special meaning reserved by
programming language.
• Ex: input, False, True etc..
• Identifiers are fundamentals building blocks of a program and
are used as the general terminology for the names given to
different parts of a program
• Ex: value1, a, b, etc..
• What are the literals in Python?
• Literals means constants.
• Data items never change their value during a program run.
• How many types of strings are supported in python?
• Single line string
• Multi line string
• Identify the types of literals.
• 45.34
• 67
• ‘true’
• ‘abc4’
• What is the error in following Python Program.
• print(“enter value i:”,a)
• Value of a is not define.
• Write down Python program to find out area of the square.
• r=5
a=r*r
print(“the area of the square is:”, a)

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