COMPUTER

LITERACY
TESDA
COMMUNITY BASED
TRAINING
RONIEL NAGA POGADO - TRAINER
This 5-day Computer Literacy Training
includes the following:

1. Computer Basics
2. Word Processing
3. Electronic Spreadsheet
4. Presentation Package
 What is a computer?

A computer is an electronic device that

manipulates information, or data. It has the ability
to store, retrieve, and process data. You probably
already know that you can use a computer to type
documents, send email, play games, and browse
the Web. You can also use it to edit or create
spreadsheets, presentations, and even videos.
 SYSTEM UNIT
A typical desktop computer consists of
a computer system unit, a keyboard, a
mouse, and a monitor. The computer
system unit is the enclosure for all the
other main interior components of a
computer.

It is also called the computer case,

computer chassis, or computer tower.
Cases are typically made of steel or
aluminum, but plastic can also be used.
 Processor
The central processing unit (CPU), also called a processor,
is located inside the computer case on the motherboard. It is
sometimes called the brain of the computer, and its job is to
carry out commands. Whenever you press a key, click the
mouse, or start an application, you're sending instructions to
the CPU.

The CPU is generally a two-inch ceramic square with

a silicon chip located inside. The chip is usually about the
size of a thumbnail. The CPU fits into the
motherboard's CPU socket, which is covered by the heat
sink, an object that absorbs heat from the CPU.

A processor's speed is measured in megahertz (MHz), or

millions of instructions per second; and gigahertz (GHz), or
billions of instructions per second. A faster processor can
execute instructions more quickly. However, the actual
speed of the computer depends on the speed of many
different components—not just the processor.
System Board /MotherBoard
The motherboard is the
computer's main circuit board.
It's a thin plate that holds the
CPU, memory, connectors for
the hard drive and optical drives,
expansion cards to control the
video and audio, and
connections to your computer's
ports (such as USB ports). The
motherboard connects directly or
indirectly to every part of the
computer.
 Power Supply

The power supply unit in a

computer converts the
power from the wall outlet to
the type of power needed by
the computer. It sends
power through cables to the
motherboard and other
components.
Hard Disk Drive (HDD)
The hard drive on your computer is where
the software is installed, and it's also where
your documents and other files are stored.
The hard drive is long-term storage, which
means the data is still saved even if you
turn the computer off or unplug it.

When you run a program or open a file, the

computer copies some of the data from
the hard drive onto the RAM. When
you save a file, the data is copied back to
the hard drive.

The faster the hard drive is, the faster your

computer can start up and load programs.
Memory RAM (Random Access Memory)
RAM is your system's short-term memory. Whenever
your computer performs calculations, it temporarily
stores the data in the RAM until it is needed.

This short-term memory disappears when the computer

is turned off. If you're working on a document,
spreadsheet, or other type of file, you'll need to save it
to avoid losing it. When you save a file, the data is
written to the hard drive, which acts as long-term
storage.

RAM is measured in megabytes (MB) or gigabytes

(GB). The more RAM you have, the more things your
computer can do at the same time. If you don't have
enough RAM, you may notice that your computer is
sluggish when you have several programs open.
Because of this, many people add extra RAM to their
computers to improve performance.
Video Card/Graphics Card
The video card is responsible
for what you see on the monitor.
Most computers have a GPU
(graphics processing unit) built
into the motherboard instead of
having a separate video card. If
you like playing graphics-intensive
games, you can add a faster video
card to one of the expansion
slots to get better performance
 Monitor
The monitor works with a video card, located
inside the computer case, to display images
and text on the screen. Newer monitors
usually have LCD (liquid crystal display)
or LED(light-emitting diode) displays. These
can be made very thin, and they are often
called flat-panel displays.

Older monitors use CRT (cathode ray tube)

displays. CRT monitors are much larger and
heavier, and they take up more desk space.
Most monitors have control buttons that allow
you to change your monitor's display
settings, and some monitors also have built-
in speakers.
 Keyboard
The keyboard is one of the
primary ways we communicate
with the computer and enter
data. There are many different
types of computer keyboards,
including wired, wireless,
ergonomic, and multimedia.
Although there may be
differences in the location of
some keys or features,
keyboards are very similar and
allow you to accomplish
basically the same tasks.
 The mouse is a peripheral that is known as
Mouse a pointing device. It lets you point to objects on
the screen, click on them, and move them.

There are two main types of mice: optical and

mechanical. The optical mouse uses an
electronic eye to detect movement and is
easier to clean. The mechanical mouse uses a
rolling ball to detect movement. Generally, a
mechanical mouse is less expensive, although
it may require regular cleaning to keep it
working properly.

Traditionally, a mouse connects to the

computer using a USB or PS/2 connection.
However, you can also buy a wireless mouse,
which can reduce clutter on your desktop.
Those are the basic components and all
processing can be done with processor together
with OS or Operating System.
Those are the basic components and all processing can be done with
processor together with OS or Operating System.

An operating system is the most important software that runs on a

computer. It manages the computer's memory, processes, and all
of its software and hardware. It also allows you
to communicate with the computer without knowing how to speak
the computer's language. Without an operating system, a
computer is useless.
If we group all components, there are so-called input and
output components.

Input - Input: this is the process of entering data and

programs into the computer system.
EX: mouse, keyboard, touch screen, touch pen.

Output - This is the process of producing results from

the data for getting useful information. like, monitor o
screen, speakers, at printer.
HARDWARE & SOFTWARE
Hardware is any part of your computer that has a physical
structure, such as the keyboard or mouse. It also
includes all of the computer's internal parts, which
you can see in the image below.
Software is any set of instructions that tells the hardware
what to do. It is what guides the hardware and tells
it how to accomplish each task. Some examples of
software include web browsers, games, and word
processors. Below, you can see an image of
Microsoft PowerPoint, which is used to create
presentations.
DIFFERENT TYPES OF COMPUTERS
Desktop Computers Many people use desktop
computers at work, home, school,
or the library. They can be small,
medium, or large in style, and they
usually sit on a desk. Once you add
a monitor, mouse, and keyboard,
you have what is typically known as
a desktop computer.
Laptop Computer The second type of computer you may be
familiar with is a laptop computer, or a
laptop. Laptops are battery- or AC-powered
personal computers that are more portable
than desktop computers, allowing you to
use them almost anywhere.

Because a laptop is smaller than a desktop,

it's more difficult to access its internal
components. This means you may not be
able to upgrade them as easily as a
desktop.
Tablet computers or tablets—are handheld computers that are
even more portable than laptops. Instead of
a keyboard or touchpad, tablets use a touch-
sensitive screen for typing and navigation.
The iPad is an example of a tablet.

Tablets can't necessarily do anything a

laptop or a desktop can do, so you may still
want a desktop or laptop to run programs or
create documents. But if you just want to be
able to play games, check email and social
media, or stream music and videos, a tablet
may be a good computer replacement.
Server is a computer that serves up information
to other computers on a network. Many
businesses have file servers employees
can use to store and share files. A server
can look like a regular desktop
computer, or it can be much larger.
Servers also play an important role in
making the Internet work: They are
where webpages are stored. When you
use your browser to click a link, a web
server delivers the page you requested.
OTHER TYPES OF COMPUTERS
Mobile Phones: Many mobile phones can do a lot of things
computers can do, such as browsing the Internet and playing
games. These phones are often called smartphones.

.
Game consoles: A game console is a specialized kind of
computer that is used for playing video games. Although they are
not as fully featured as desktop computers, many newer
consoles, such as the Nintendo Wii, allow you to perform
nongaming tasks like browsing the Web.
TVs: Many TVs now include applications—or apps—that let you
access various types of online content. For example, you can
view your Facebook News Feed or watch streaming movies
PCS AND MACS
PC: This type of computer began with the original IBM PC that
was introduced in 1981. Other companies began creating
similar computers, which were called IBM PC Compatible (often
shortened to PC). Today, this is the most common type of
personal computer, and it typically includes the Microsoft
Windows operating system.
Mac: The Macintosh computer was introduced in 1984, and it was
the first widely sold personal computer with a graphical user
interface, or GUI (pronounced gooey). All Macs are made by one
company, Apple Inc., and they almost always use the Mac OS X
operating system.
OPERATING SYSTEM
Operating System is the most important software that runs on a
computer. It manages the computer's memory, processes, and
all of its software and hardware. It also allows you to
communicate with the computer without knowing how to speak
the computer's language. Without an operating system, a
computer is useless.
THE OPERATING SYSTEM'S JOB

Your computer's operating system (OS) manages all of the software and hardware on
the computer. Most of the time, there are many different computer programs running at
the same time, and they all need to access your computer's central processing unit
(CPU), memory, and storage. The operating system coordinates all of this to make sure
each program gets what it needs.

TYPES OF OPERATING SYSTEMS

Operating systems usually come preloaded on any computer you buy. Most people use
the operating system that comes with their computer, but it's possible to upgrade or
even change operating systems.
The three most common operating systems for personal computers are Microsoft
Windows, Apple Mac OS X, and Linux.
Operating System's Graphic User Interface GUI

Windows 7 Apple Mac

Microsoft Windows Microsoft created the Windows operating system
in the mid-1980s. Over the years, there have been many different
versions of Windows, but the most recent ones are Windows 8
(released in 2012), Windows 7 (2009), and Windows Vista (2007).
Windows comes preloaded on most new PCs, which helps to make it
the most popular operating system in the world.
Mac OS X
Mac OS is a line of operating systems created by Apple. It comes
preloaded on all new Macintosh computers, or Macs. All of the recent
versions are known as OS X (pronounced O-S Ten), and the specific
versions include Yosemite (released in 2014), Mavericks (2013), Mountain
Lion (2012), Lion (2011), and Snow Leopard (2009). Apple also offers a
version called Mac OS X Server, which is designed to be run on servers.
Linux (pronounced LINN-ux) is a family of open-source operating systems,
which means they can be modified and distributed by anyone around the
world. This is different from proprietary software like Windows, which can only
be modified by the company that owns it (Microsoft). The advantages of Linux
are that it is free, and there are many different distributions—or versions—you
can choose from. Each distribution has a different look and feel, and the most
popular ones include Ubuntu, Mint, and Fedora.
OPERATING SYSTEMS FOR MOBILE DEVICES
The operating systems we've been talking about were designed to run on desktop
or laptop computers. Mobile devices such as phones, tablet computers, and MP3
players are different from desktop and laptop computers, so they run operating
systems that are designed specifically for mobile devices.

Examples of mobile operating systems include Apple iOS, Windows Phone, and
Google Android. In the screenshot below, you can see Apple iOS running on an
iPad.
THANK YOU