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Introduction To Java

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Nabek Deresa
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7 views

Introduction To Java

Uploaded by

Nabek Deresa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 18

INTRODUCTION Chapter 1: part 2

TO JAVA
• Overview of Class
• Variables & Literals
• Data Types
Outline • Operators
• Input & Output
• Expressions & blocks
• Conditional Statements
• Looping Statements
• Array
• It follows CamelCase naming convention and must be
the same with the file name if it has public modifier

• Java application must contain a main method, since


Class Overview
execution starts from main method

• Syntax:
modifier [KW] class ClassName [KW] class/interface {
// fields
// constructors
// methods
}
• A variable is a reserved memory (storage area) used for
storing a value
• E.g int speedLimit = 80;

Variables & Literals • A variable only store a value that matches its data type
• Unlike constants a value in a variable can be changed

• Variable naming rules:

• Variables are case sensitive

• E.g. int age & int AGE are two different variables

• Variables must start with either a letter or an underscore, or


a dollar sign
• A variable name can not start with numbers
• Whitespace can’t be used
Variables & Literals
• Use meaningful name when declaring a variable
(recommended)
• Keywords can’t be used as variable name
• Literals are data used for representing fixed values like 1, 2.5.
‘F’

• Types of literals
Variables & Literals
• Boolean Literals

• Used to initialize Boolean data types


• e.g. boolean flag1 = true

• Integer Literals

• Is a numeric value without any fractional part


• Floating-point Literals

• Is a numeric literal that has a fractional part


Variables & Literals
• Character Literals

• Is a character enclosed inside single quotes

• String literals

• Is a sequence of characters enclosed inside double-quotes


•
• Specify the type of data that can Short
be stored inside a variable • Default value is 0

• Primitive data types • Uses 2 bytes to represent a


• Boolean number
Data Types • The default value is false • Char

• Uses 1 bit to represent true • 16-bit Unicode character


or false • The default value is ‘\u0000’
• Byte
• String (not a primitive)
• Default value is 0
• It represents array of
• Uses 8 bits to represent the character and found in
• Int • Double

• Default value is 0 • Default value is 0.0d

Data Types • Uses 4 bytes to represent a • Is a double-precision 64-bit


number floating-point
• Long • Float

• Default value is 0 • Default value is 0.0f

• Uses 8 bytes to represent a • Is a single-precision 32-bit


number floating-point
• Arithmetic operators (+, -, *, /, %)

• Relational operators (==, !=, >, <, >=, <=)


Operators • Logical operators (&&, ||, !)

• Instanceof (check if an object is a certain type) – return true or


false

• Ternary operator ( expression ? expression1 : expression2 )

• Example: 5 > 10 ? true : false


If (condition){
statement(s)
} else if (condition) {
statement(s)
} else {
statement(s)
Conditional Statements }

Switch(expression) {
Case value1:
code(s)
break;
default:
code(s)
}
1. write a program that checks if a number is odd or even

2. Write a program that takes a number between 1 and 7 and displays the
name of the weekday

3. Take three numbers from the user and print the greatest number

4. Write a Java program to find the number of days in a month


Exercise
5. Write a Java program that takes a single character from a user and prints
Vowel or Consonant, depending on the user input. If the user input is not a
letter (between a and z or A and Z), or is a string of length > 1, print an
error message.

6. Write a Java program that takes a year from a user and prints whether
that year is a leap year or not.
For loop
For (initialExpression; testExpression; updateExpression) {
statement(s)
}

Looping Statements
while loop
while (testExpression) {
statement(s)
}

Looping Statements
do…while loop
do {
statement(s)
} while(testExpression);

Looping Statements
• An array is a variable that can store multiple values of
same type
• Use the following syntax to declare an array
Array • DataType[] name = new DataType[size];

• An array can also be initialized during declaration

• DataType[] name = {val1, …, valn};

• To access element of an array use the name of the array


with its index
• 1. Create an array of number with a size of 10. Then write
a program that sorts the array in a ascending order. And
also write a program that searches a number from the
Exercise
array.
• 2. Using the array created in the previous question, write
a program that calculates average of the numbers in the
array
Thank you

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