NATURAL

DISASTERS
By-Jiya Shah
What is a natural
disaster

 • A natural disaster is a catastrophic occurrence brought on by Earth's natural
processes. These occurrences have the potential to seriously harm property,
take lives, and interfere with daily routines. Events like earthquakes,
hurricanes, tornadoes, floods, wildfires, and tsunamis are examples of natural
catastrophes.
• a sudden and terrible event in nature (such as a hurricane, tornado, or flood)
that usually results in serious damage and many deaths

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Earthquake

 What is an earthquake
• An earthquake is a sudden, strong shaking of the ground that is frequently
brought on by tectonic plate movement(convergent). The tectonic plates,
which split the Earth's crust into several large and small sections, are in a state
of perpetual motion. An earthquake may occur as a result of the release of
energy in the form of seismic waves along the boundary of these plates when
the stress there exceeds the strength of the rocks.

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 Place, Magnitude, Impact
• Place: Haiti's Port-au-Prince
• Magnitude: 7.0
• Impact: On January 12, 2010, an earthquake occurred that left Port-au-Prince,
the country's capital, and the surrounding territories completely destroyed.
An estimated 230,000 people died as a result of the magnitude 7.0
earthquake, and millions more were injured and left homeless. The nation's
road system, hospitals, and building stock were all severely damaged. A
humanitarian crisis confronted the already destitute country, prompting
international help efforts to be undertaken. Haiti's efforts to recover and
rebuild are still being impacted by the earthquake's aftereffects.

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Volcano

 What is a Volcano
• A volcano is a geological feature on the Earth's surface that is characterized by
the eruption of magma, ash, and gases from beneath the Earth's crust.
Volcanoes can take various forms, including cones, domes, and calderas, and
they can be found in different tectonic settings, such as convergent plate
boundaries, divergent plate boundaries, and hotspots. At a convergent plate
boundary, one plate dives or “subducts” beneath the other, resulting in a
variety of earthquakes and a line of volcanoes on the overriding plate

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 Place, Magnitude, Impact
• Place: The Philippine island of Luzon is home to Mount Pinatubo.
• Magnitude: With a Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) of 6, the 1991 eruption was
classified as extremely explosive.
• Impact: Among the strongest eruptions of the 20th century was this one.
Thousands of people had to be evacuated from the nearby areas as a result,
and the ash cloud impacted global climate patterns by rising high into the
atmosphere. A caldera was created by the volcanic activity, and ecosystems,
agriculture, and infrastructure were all destroyed by the ashfall. Although
there was a large immediate impact, the number of fatalities was reduced
thanks to the monitoring and evacuation operations.

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Cyclone

 What is a Cyclone
• A cyclone is a large-scale atmospheric system characterized by the rotation of
air around a low-pressure center. Cyclones can be classified into different
types based on their location and intensity. In various regions, they are known
as hurricanes (Atlantic and eastern Pacific), typhoons (northwestern Pacific),
or tropical cyclones (southwestern Pacific and Indian Ocean).

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 Place, Magnitude, Impact
• Location: In May 2020, Cyclone Amphan made landfall in portions of
Bangladesh and India.
• Magnitude: Amphan's sustained wind speeds exceeded 115 knots, or 133 miles
per hour, placing it in the highest category as a super cyclonic storm.
• Impact: One of the fiercest cyclones to ever be recorded in the Bay of Bengal
was Cyclone Amphan. Aside from causing extensive flooding, the cyclone's
storm surge and intense rains also seriously damaged homes, crops, and
communication networks. Millions of people were evacuated before of the
storm, which reduced the number of fatalities compared to what may have
happened in the absence of adequate planning. Cyclone Amphan had a
significant impact on the impacted areas despite these attempts,
demonstrating the destructive potential of strong cyclones.

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Drought

 What is a Drought
• A drought is a prolonged period of abnormally low precipitation, leading to
water shortages, reduced soil moisture, and adverse impacts on ecosystems,
agriculture, and human activities.

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 Place, Magnitude, Impact
• Location: In May 2020, Cyclone Amphan made landfall in portions of
Bangladesh and India.
• Magnitude: Amphan's sustained wind speeds exceeded 115 knots, or 133 miles
per hour, placing it in the highest category as a super cyclonic storm.
• Impact: One of the fiercest cyclones to ever be recorded in the Bay of Bengal
was Cyclone Amphan. Aside from causing extensive flooding, the cyclone's
storm surge and intense rains also seriously damaged homes, crops, and
communication networks. Millions of people were evacuated before of the
storm, which reduced the number of fatalities compared to what may have
happened in the absence of adequate planning. Cyclone Amphan had a
significant impact on the impacted areas despite these attempts,
demonstrating the destructive potential of strong cyclones.

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Flood

 What is a Flood
• A flood is an overflow of water onto normally dry land, often caused by heavy
rainfall, rapid snowmelt, storm surge, or the failure of dams or levees.
Flooding can lead to widespread damage, displacement of people, and loss of
life.

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 Place, Magnitude, Impact
• Location: The Mississippi River Basin in the United States was the main area
impacted by the flood.
• Magnitude: One of the worst river floods in American history, the 1927 flood
happened.
• Impact: The Mississippi River swelled as a result of the winter and spring of
1927's heavy precipitation and snowmelt. Numerous states saw widespread
flooding as a result of the failure of levees along the river. Numerous
industries, including agriculture, commerce, and industry, were negatively
impacted economically, and hundreds of thousands of people were
displaced. African American communities were disproportionately
impacted by the flood, which had a profound social and demographic
impact on the affected areas. The creation of the current network of levees
and dams along the Mississippi River as well as modifications to federal
laws were brought about by the Great Mississippi Flood of 1927 .

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