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Lecture+ 2 Map Interpretation

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Prince Realer
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15 views

Lecture+ 2 Map Interpretation

Uploaded by

Prince Realer
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LECTURE 2

Definition and Concepts


of Cartography
Objective(s)

By the of this lecture students should be able to:


• Classify the maps into the various types
• State the functions of maps
MAP
• ‘a representation, usually on a
plane surface, of all or part of the
earth or some other body showing
a group of features in terms of
their relative size and position’
(Thrower, 1996)

• Simply a representation of all or part of


the earth on a piece of paper
Classification of maps
• Maps can be classified according:
1. Scale
2. Communication objective

• Scale
• The proportion or ratio between distances on the
map and those of reality (i.e. distances on the
ground) is called the map scale.
Classification of maps
• Scale
• Maps are classified according to scale as:
• Large scale: represents a small portion of the Earth’s
surface but shows a great amount of detail (e.g.
Topographic maps, city street maps, town plans)
• Comparatively little reduction is involved and
features such as buildings and their dimensions are
shown with considerable magnitude
• More information can be put on large scale maps
• A smaller area is mapped (usually section of a town)
• Note: there are no sharp limits. However generally,
large scale maps have scales greater than or equal to
1:50,000
Classification of maps

• A large
scale
map
(street
map of
a
county
in US)
Classification of maps
• Small scale: represent large portions of the Earth’s
surface but are not able to show much detail
• Here, great reduction is employed. In this case,
features are most often magnified so they can be
seen.
• Less information can be shown
• Large areas are mapped (usually countries or
larger)
• Note: there are no sharp limits. However generally,
medium scale maps are between 1:50,000 to
1:250,000 and small scale maps less than 1:250,000
Classification of maps
SMALL SCALE MAP
(Map of Africa)
Classification of maps
• Note: scale can be relative
i.e. 1:4000 is larger than 1:10000
Classification of maps
• Communicative objective
• Maps are classified here as:
• General maps: show both natural and human-made
features such as coastlines, lakes, rivers, boundaries,
settlements, roads, rail lines, and others.
• They portray the spatial association of a selection of
diverse geographical phenomena, e.g. topographical maps.
• In these maps, no feature is seen as being more important
than the other, that is, all features are treated with equal
importance.
Classification of maps
• General maps
Classification of maps
• Communicative objective
• Thematic maps: illustrate the geographical
distribution of a particular theme or
phenomenon.
• They show a particular theme connected
with a specific geographic area.
• Qualitative thematic maps simply show the
location or spatial distribution of a
phenomenon, a quality of the phenomenon.
Classification of maps
• Communicative objective
• Thematic maps:
• Quantitative thematic maps display aspects
of numerical data associated with the
phenomenon shown.
• common thematic of maps include
landforms, aspects of climate (annual
precipitation or temperatures, atmospheric
pressure), vegetation and soil types,
demographics, industry/manufacturing,
average annual incomes and grain
production.
Classification of maps
• Thematic maps:
Temperature
Classification of maps
• Subject matter and function
• It is useful also to group maps on the basis of
their subject matter and function. Several
important categories may be recognised.

• Cadastral maps show geographical relationships


among various land parcels. They are common today
and they record and show property boundaries. A
principal use of cadastral maps is to provide a basis
on which to assess taxes.
Classification of maps
• Cadastral maps
Classification of maps
• Subject matter and function
• Plans are detailed maps showing buildings,
roadways, boundary lines visible on the ground, and
administrative boundaries. Plans of urban areas are
likely to be very large scale.
Classification of maps
• Plan
Classification of maps
• Subject matter and function
• Charts are various kinds of maps, such as used
by the mariners at sea, called nautical charts, and
those used by the Pilots, called aeronautical
charts. Charts range in scale from large-scale,
such as air approach and mariner’s harbour
charts, to small-scale planning charts.
• Others related to function road map, political
map, tourist map, etc.
Classification of maps
• Charts
Functions of the map
• The map facilitates the recording and storing of spatial
information. This allows for temporal analysis.
• It serves as a convenient means of reducing the size
and complexity of the world to our normal range of
vision and understanding.
• Some maps serve mobility and navigation needs
• Some are designed for analytical purposes involving
measuring and computing, e.g. measurement of
distances, and calculation of areas.
• Maps could be used to summarize voluminous
statistical data and, thereby assist in spatial forecasting
and spotting trends and also stimulate spatial thinking.
• Maps are sometimes used to visualize what otherwise
would be invisible.
Conclusion
• In this lecture
• We have learned classifying the maps into
different types
• We have also learned about functions of Maps

Thanks you very much

Enjoy the rest of the day

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