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Data Processing - NUMBER SYSTEMS

The concept of number systems

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progyzzle
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18 views

Data Processing - NUMBER SYSTEMS

The concept of number systems

Uploaded by

progyzzle
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 34

1

NUMBER
SYSTEMS

Data Processing
Week III
By the end of the lesson, you
OBJECTIVES should be able to
2

• Explain the technique of


number systems
• identify the four types of
number systems used in
computing
• convert numeric values from
decimal to binary and vice
versa.
• Convert from binary to
Number System • Decimal number
system is the most
common number
A technique system
to represent • Other popular
and work number systems
with include binary,
numbers octal, hexadecimal
number system.
Decimal numerical quantity
can be represented
A base using these 10
10 number
digits.
system
having 10 • It is also called
digits from denary
0 to 9. • It is the most
common number
three numbers would be
Decimal different.
• In 734, value of 7 is 7
If we have hundreds or 700 or 7 ×
three 100 or 7 × 102
numbers : • In 971, value of 7 is 7
734, 971 tens or 70 or 7 × 10 or 7
and 207. × 101
• In 207, value of 7 is 7
units or 7 or 7 × 1 or 7 ×
0
Each digit has a value based
Decimal on its position called place
value.
The value of the position
If we have increases by 10 times as we
three move from right to left in the
numbers : number.
734, 971 The weightage of each
and 207. position can be represented
as follows –
Decimal
• For example, the value
of 786 is
= 7 x 102 + 8 x 101 + 6 x
100
Example:
= 700 + 80 + 6
Decimal
• Calculate the value of
991
Exercise
• Calculate the value of
4033
• Each binary digit is
Binary also called a bit.
• Binary number
Has only two system is also
digits namely positional value
‘0’ system.
(representing
• Each digit is
‘off’) and ‘1’
multiplied by the
(representing
‘on’). appropriate power of
two based on its
position
Binary
equivalent of this
Binary number is sum of
Has only two product of each digit
digits namely with its positional
‘0’ value.
(representing 110102 = 1×24 +
‘off’) and ‘1’ 1×23 + 0×22 + 1×21 +
(representing
0×20
‘on’).
= 16 + 8 + 0 + 2 + 0
Binary
• For example, (101101) in decimal
2

is
= 1 x 25 + 0 x 2 4 + 1 x 23 + 1 x
22 + 0 x 21 + 1 x 20
mple
= 1 x 32 + 0 x 16 + 1 x 8 + 1 x 4
+0x2+1x1
= 32 + 8 + 4 + 1
= (45)10
Binary
• Calculate the decimal value of the
following:
• (110010)2
cise
• (100011)2
UNITS OF DATA MEASUREMENT

• Machine language is binary.


• Bit and Byte are the units to measure
data.
UNITS OF DATA MEASUREMENT

• BITS
The term ‘bit’ is a contraction of the words
‘binary’ and ‘digit’.
• It is the smallest unit of memory or
instruction that can be given or stored on a
computer.
• A bit is either a 0 or a 1. The number
‘101101’ is a 6-bit number as it has 6 binary
digits (0s and 1s).
UNITS OF DATA MEASUREMENT

Byt
• A group of 8 bits like 01100001 is 2 bytes.
e
• One kilobyte is a collection of 1000 bytes.
• A word or letter like ‘A’ or ‘G’ is worth 8
bits or 2 bytes.
• One thousand bytes make up a kilobyte
(one thousand letters approximately).
• 1024 kilobytes form a Megabyte (Mb).
Here is a chart for memory capacity
Computer memory conversion.
• Bit(b) {0=off,1=on}
Computer • 1 byte (B) = 8 bits
memory is • 1 Kilobytes (KB) = 1024 B
measured • 1 Megabyte (MB) = 1024 KB
in terms of • 1 Gigabyte (GB) = 1024 MB
how many • 1 Terabyte (TB) = 1024 GB
bits it can • 1 Exabyte (EB) = 1024 PB
store. • 1 zettabyte (ZB) = 1024 EB
• 1 Yottabyte = 1024 ZB
Octal • Octal number
The Octal
system is also a
number positional value
system has system with where
eight digits – 0,
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 each digit has its
and 7 value expressed in
powers of 8.
Octal

The Octal
number
system has
eight digits – 0,
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
and 7
Octal

The Octal
• For example, (24)8 in
number
system has decimal is
eight digits – 0, • = 2×81+4×80
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 • = (20)10
and 7
• When working with large
Hexadecimal digital systems, such as
computers, it is common
The hex is base to find binary numbers
16. It is a consisting of 8, 16 and
system used to even 32 digits which
represent large makes it difficult to both
binary read and write without
numbers. producing errors
especially when working
with lots of 16 or 32-bit
binary numbers.
Hexadecimal
• One common way of overcoming this
problem is to arrange the binary numbers
into groups or sets of four bits (4-bits).
• These groups of 4-bits uses another type
of numbering system also commonly used
in computer and digital systems called
Hexadecimal Numbers.
• Each Hexadecimal
Hexadecimal
number can be
The hex is base represented using
16. It is a only 4 bits, with
system used to each group of bits
represent large having a distinct
binary values between 0000
numbers. (for 0) and 1111 (for
F = 15 = 8+4+2+1)
Hexadecimal
Hexadecimal example 25

• Given hexadecimal number is 7CF.


• In hexadecimal system,
• 7=7
• C = 12
• F = 15
• To convert this into a decimal number system, multiply each
digit with the powers of 16 starting from units place of the
number.
• 7CF = (7 × 162) + (12 × 161) + (15 × 160)
• = (7 × 256) + (12 × 16) + (15 × 1)
• = 1792 + 192 + 15
= 199910
Number system relationship
• ASCII is a 7-bit code that
ASCII has 128 (27) possible
The American codes. Besides numerical
data, the computer must be
Standard Code
able to handle alphabets,
for Information punctuation marks,
Interchange is mathematical operators
the most widely and special symbols that
used form the complete
alphanumeric character set of English
code. language.
• A computer
ASCII
understands only
The American numeric values,
Standard Code whatever the number
for Information system used. So all
Interchange is
characters must have
the most widely
a numeric equivalent
used
alphanumeric called the
code. alphanumeric code.
ASCII – Character to binary
Classwork
• Using
alphanumeric
code, write down
your first and last
name.
ISCII
• . IISCII was
ISCII stands for developed to
Indian Script support Indian
Code for languages on
Information
Interchange computer.
Unicode • Each character or
symbol is
Unicode is an
assigned a unique
international coding numeric value,
system designed to
be used with largely within the
different language
scripts.
framework of
ASCII
33

QUESTIONS???
Home work 34

1 Convert 1001102
and 11011002 to its
decimal equivalent

2
Convert 4118 and
3268 to its decimal
equivalent.

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