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Week 3 4 Numerical System

This document discusses different numerical systems including decimal, binary, octal, and hexadecimal. It provides examples of each system and how they are represented using digits. It also describes how to convert between the different systems using either division or subtraction for decimal to binary, grouping digits for other conversions, and assigning place values to each digit group.

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mahmmod.saeed
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
19 views

Week 3 4 Numerical System

This document discusses different numerical systems including decimal, binary, octal, and hexadecimal. It provides examples of each system and how they are represented using digits. It also describes how to convert between the different systems using either division or subtraction for decimal to binary, grouping digits for other conversions, and assigning place values to each digit group.

Uploaded by

mahmmod.saeed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Numerical Systems

Mr. Mohammed Salam


(CMPE 103) 3
Week 3-4
Fall 2023/24
Introduction to computer

Numbering
System
What is • is a writing system for expressing numbers; that is,
a mathematical notation for representing numbers of a
numbering given set, using digits or other symbols in a consistent
manner.
system
Decimal Binary
Examples
of
numbering
System Octal Hexadecimal
Decimal
Numberin
g system
Decimal
Numbering system
• Decimal number system, also called Hindu-Arabic,
or Arabic, number system, in mathematics,
positional numeral system employing 10 as the base
What is • This is the type of numerical systems which we use it in
Decimal our life. It is easiest way for humans to understand
• requiring 10 different numerals, the digits
Numberin • 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
g system 7 8 9
Decimal
Numberin
g system
What
is
this?
changing the
light to
Fluorescent
light
• is a number expressed in the base-2 numeral
system or binary numeral system, which uses only two
Binary symbols: typically "0" (zero) and "1" (one). Mostly
used it mathematics and digital electronics
Numberin • 0
• 1
g system
• is a number expressed in the base-8 numeral
system or Octal numeral system, which uses eight
symbols: form 0 to 7 Mostly used it mathematics
Octal numeral and digital electronics
• Each digit represented by 3 bits
system • 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
7
• is a number expressed in the base-16 numeral
system or Hexadecimal numeral system, which
uses 16 symbols: form 0 to F Mostly used it
Hexadecima mathematics and digital electronics

l • Each digit represented by 4 bits


1 2 6
• 0 3 4 5
system
numeral 7 8 9
A B C D E F
10 11 12 13 14 15
Converting the
systems
• To convert binary to decimal there are two major ways
How to convert 1. Division
Decimal to 2. subtraction

Binary
Divisio
n

• Device the decimal number by 2 and take the reminder


• Why dividing by 2?
• Because it is converting from base 10 to base 2, that is why it must be divided by 2
Division
Cont…
Subtraction
• Write down the bellow numbers
7 26 25 24 23 22 21 20
• 28 2
• 256 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
• Subtract the decimal number with the biggest number in the list that will give
positive result
• For example your number is 156, which is between 256 and 128.
• 156-128= 28, 28 is between 32 and 16 , 28-16=12….. Till the result will be zero
• For those which have been used in the subtraction put 1 and the others
• put
2560 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
128
• 01 0 0 1 1 1 0 0
Subtraction
Cont…
How to convert Binary to
Decimal
• Write down the binary number
• Fir example 10011011
• Then write the following umbers above it
• 256 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
128
•• 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1
And the numbers which are above 1s and ignore the ones over 0s
• 128+16+8+2+1=155
How to convert Octal to
Binary
• As it is mentioned before octal represented by 3 bits because the
biggest number in octal is 7 and seven written 111 in binary
• Write down the Octal number
• for example 615
• separate between numbers 6 1 5
• For each number write 4 2 1
• Then convert the numbers separately into binary
• 6 1 5
• 421 421 421
• 110 001 1 0 1 =110001101
How to convert Binary to
Octal
• Write down the binary number
• For example 110001101
• Separate make them groups of 3 digits 110|001|101
• If the last group in the left was less than 2 digits make it 3 by adding zeroes
• for example 1110101 = 001|110|101
• Write down 4 2 1 above each group
• 421 421 421
• 110|001|101
• Add the number above digit 1s for each group separately
• 421 421 421
• 110|001|101
• 4+2|1 |4+1
• 6 1 5= 615
How to convert Hexadecimal to
Binary
• As it is mentioned before octal represented by 4 bits because the
biggest number in octal is 16 and seven written 1111 in binary
• Write down the Octal number
• for example F35
• separate between numbers F 3 5
• For each number write 8 4 2 1
• Then convert the numbers separately into binary
• F 3 5
• 8421 8421 8421
• 1111 0011 0 1 0 1 =111100110101
How to convert Binary to
Hexadecimal
• Write down the binary number
• For example 111100110101
• Separate make them groups of 4 digits 1111|0011|0101
• If the last group in the left was less than 2 digits make it 4 by adding zeroes
• for example 0111100101 = 0010|1110|0101
• Write down 8 4 2 1 above each group
• 8421 8421 8421
• 1111|0011|0101
• Add the number above digit 1s for each group separately
• 8421 8421 8421
• 1111|0011|0101
• 8+4+2+1|2+1|4+1
• 15(F) 3 5= F35
Useful Mind
Map
Hexadecimal

Binary Decimal

Octal
Source
Norton, P. (no date) Computer Fundamentals. Mcgraw Hill.

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