Chapter Iii

GEN ED 9
The Life and Works of Jose Rizal
NUEVA ECIJA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES

Chapter 3
Rizal’s Life: Rizal’s Family,
Childhood, and Ealy Education
Don Francisco Mercado
• Francisco Engracio Rizal Mercado y Alejandro
• Born on May 11, 1818, in Biñan, Laguna; Died
on January 5, 1898.
• Farmer and tenant of a Dominican estate in
Calamba.
• Known for being hardworking, responsible, and
a man of few words.
• He taught Rizal the value of education and
perseverance, often saying, "It is better to die
than to live without honor."
Dona Teodora Alonso
• Teodora Morales Alonso Realonda y Quintos
• Born on November 9, 1827; Died on August 16,
1911.
• Came from a well-off family in Manila; was highly
educated.
• She was Rizal's first teacher, nurturing his
intellectual and creative abilities. She introduced
him to the world of literature.
• Imprisoned unjustly by the Spanish authorities,
showing strength and resilience that deeply
Jose’s Siblings
1. Saturnina (Neneng): The eldest, who acted as a
second mother to Rizal.
2. Paciano: The only brother, a revolutionary figure, and
Rizal’s mentor.
3. Narcisa (Sisa): Helped finance Rizal’s education in
Europe.
4. Olympia (Ypia): Closest to Rizal in age, died young.
5. Lucia: Married Mariano Herbosa, who was denied a
Christian burial due to his association with Rizal.
Jose’s Siblings
6. Maria (Biang): Close confidante of Rizal.
7. Concepcion (Concha): Died at three, her death
deeply affected Rizal.
8. Josefa (Panggoy): A member of the Katipunan.
9. Trinidad (Trining): Custodian of Rizal’s last poem "Mi
Último Adiós.“
10.Soledad (Choleng): The youngest, married
Pantaleon Quintero.
THE SURNAME “RIZAL”
• Original Surname: Mercado,
a common surname in the
Philippines.
• Reason for Change:
Advised by a Spanish
provincial governor, Narciso
Claveria, to use the surname
"Rizal" (from "ricial," meaning
"green fields") to avoid
trouble with the authorities.
RIZAL’S BIRTH
• Date: June 19, 1861
• Place: Calamba, Laguna
• Family Status: Rizal was born into a well-
respected and wealthy family.
• Early Signs of Genius: By the age of three, Rizal
was already able to read and write, showing
remarkable intelligence and curiosity.
• Baptism: Baptized on June 22, 1861, by Father
Rufino Collantes, with Pedro Casanas as his
godfather.
THE CHILD OF A PHENOM
• 3 years old – Don Francisco built a nipa cottage for
Pepe
• The nocturnal walk in the town
• Daily Angelus prayer in their home
• Concha died of sickness in 1865
• 5 years old – Pepe learned to read the Spanish family
Bible
• Pepe started to make pencil sketches and mold in
clay and wax objects
• 6 years old – his sisters laughed at him for spending
much time making clay and wax images
THE CHILD OF A PHENOM
• 7 years old – his father provided him the exciting
experience of riding casco
• 8 years old – he had written a drama
• Young Pepe also interested in magic
• Other influences involved his three uncles – Tio Jose
Alberto, Tio Manuel, and Tio Gregorio
The Story of the Moth
• A story told by Doña Teodora about a young moth
that disobeyed its mother’s warnings and flew too
close to the flame, resulting in its death.
• Moral Lesson: The story taught Rizal about the
consequences of imprudence and the value of
caution.
• Rizal’s Reflection: He later recalled the story,
saying that the moth's fate deeply impacted him,
symbolizing the martyrdom he was destined to face.
Education in Calamba
• Doña Teodora was his first teacher, teaching him
reading, writing, and arithmetic.
• Subjects Studied: Reading, writing, religion,
arithmetic, and the basics of Spanish.
• Influence of Calamba: The natural beauty of
Calamba and his observations of social injustices
around him sparked his intellectual curiosity.
• First School: Attended a small private school in
Calamba, where he learned the basics.
Education in Binan
• Teacher: Maestro Justiniano Aquino Cruz, a strict
and knowledgeable educator.
• Challenges: Rizal faced bullying and the struggle of
adjusting to a new environment.
• Achievements: Despite the challenges, he excelled
in his studies, particularly in Latin and Spanish.
• Duration: Rizal studied in Biñan from 1870 to 1871
before moving to Manila.

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GEN ED 9

The Life and Works of Jose Rizal

NUEVA ECIJA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES

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