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HEAT TREATMENT
- Heat Treatment process is a series of operations

involving the Heating and Cooling of meals in the solid
state.
- Its purpose is to change a mechanical properties so
that the metal will be more useful, servicable, and safe
for definite purpose.
- By heat treatment, a metal can be made harder,
stronger, and more resistant to impact, heat treatment
can also make a metal softer and more doctile.
TYPES OF HEAT TREATMENT
1. Annealing
2. Normalizing
3. Quenching 0r Hardening
4. Tempering
5. Surface Hardening
6. Austempering
7. Marquenching
8. Ausforming
1. Annealing
- It is the process for softening materials or to bring about
required changes in properties, such as machinability,
mechanical or electrical properties, or dimensional stability.
- The annealing process consists of heating the steel to or
near the critical temperature (temperature at which
crystalline phase change occurs) to make it suitable for
fabrication.
- A material can be annealed by heating it to a specific
temperature and the letting the material slowly cool to
room temperature in an oven.
- When an annealed part is allowed to cool in the furnace, it
is called a “full anneal” heat treatment.
2. Normalizing
- It is a type of heat treatment applicable to ferrous metals
only.
- It differs from annealing in that the metal is heated to a
higher temperature and then removed from the furnace for
air cooling.
- The purpose of normalizing is to remove the internal
stresses induced by heat treating, welding, casting, forging,
or machining.
- Normaliziing is used in some plate mills, in the production
of large forgings such as railroad wheels and axles, some
bar products. This process is less expensive than annealing.
3. Quenching or Hardening
- It is done to increase the strength and wear properties.
One of the pre-requisites for hardening is sufficient carbon
-and
To alloy content.
harden by quenching, a metal (usually steel or cast
iron) must be heated into the austentic crystal phase and
then quickly cooled.
- Depending on the alloy and other considerations, cooling
may be done with forved air or other gas, oil, polymer
dissolved in water, or brine.
- One drawback os using this method by itself is that the
metal becomes brittle. This treatment is typically followed
by a tempering process ro stress relieve the material and
minimize the brittleness problem.
4. Tempering
- Tempering is carried out by preheating previously
quenched or normalized steel to a temperature below the
critical range, holding, and then cooling to obtain the
desired mechanical
- Tempering is usedparts.
to reduce the brittleness of quenched
steel.
- The temperature chosen for the tempering proces directly
impacts the hardness of the work piece. The higher the
temperature in the tempering process, the lower the
hardness.
5. Surface Hardening
- It is the treatment of steel by heat or mechanical means
to increase the hardness of the outer surface while the core
remains relatively soft.
- Surface-hardened steel is also valued for its low and
superior flexibility in manufacturing.
- The oldest surface-hardenig method is carbunizing, in
which steel is placed at a high temperature for several
hours in a carbonaceous environment. The carbon diffusses
into the surface of the steel, rendering it harder.
6. Austempering
- It is a treatment that is applied to ferrous metals, most
notably steel and ductile iron.
- In steel, it produces a bainiter microstructure whereas in
cast iron, it produces a structure of acicular ferrite and high
carbon, stabilized austenite known as austeferrite.
- It is primary used to improve mechanical properties or
reduce / eliminate distortion.
7. Marquenching
- To overcome the restrictions of conventional quenching
and tempering, marquenching can be used.
- Martempering or marquenching permits the
transformation of Austenite to Martensite to take place at
the same time throughout the structure of the metal part.
- Residual stresses deveolped during marquenching are
lower than those developed during conventional quenching.
- Marquenching also reduces or eliminates susceptability to
cracking.
- Another advantage of marquenching in molten salts is the
control of surface carburizing or decarburizing.
8. Ausforming
- Ausforming, also known as LOW AND HIGH
THERMOMECHANICAL TREATMENTS is a method used to
increase teh hardness and stunornness of an alloy by
simultaneously tempering, rapid cooling, deforming, and
quenching to change its shape and refine the
microstructure.
THANK YOU!
SHORT QUIZ
1. It is a heat treatment that is applied to ferrous metals, most
2. It is a series of operations involving the Heating and Cooling
of meals in the solid state.
3. What do you call when an annealed part is allowed to cool in
the furnace?
4. It is the process for softening materials or to bring about
required changes in properties, such as machinability,
mechanical or electrical properties, or dimensional stability.
5. What is the drawback of quenching or hardening process?
6. It is a treatment that is applied to ferrous metals, most
SHORT QUIZ
7. What is the other term of Ausforming?
8. It is a method used to increase teh hardness and
stunornness of an alloy by simultaneously tempering, rapid
cooling, deforming, and quenching to change its shape and
refine the microstructure.
9. This process permits the transformation of Austenite to
Martensite to take place at the same time throughout the
structure of the metal part.
10.It is the treatment of steel by heat or mechanical means to
increase the hardness of the outer surface while the core
remains relatively soft.
ANSWER KEY
1. Austempering
2. Heat Treatment
3. Full Anneal
4. Annealing
5. The metal becomes brittle.
6. Austempering
7. LOW AND HIGH THERMOMECHANICAL TREATMENTS
8. Ausforming
9. Marquenching
10.Surface Hardening

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HEAT TREATMENT

- Heat Treatment process is a series of operations

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