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Data Structures Python

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5 views

Data Structures Python

Uploaded by

believezhou200
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 32

Python

Control Structures
INTRODUCTION
• Programs are written for the solution to the
real world problems.
• A language should have the ability to control
the flow of execution so that at different
intervals different statements can be
executed.
• A language which supports the control
structures is called a structured
programming language
TYPES OF CONTROL STRUCTURES

A Structured programming is an important


feature of a programming language which comprises
following logical structure:

1. SEQUENCE

2. SELECTION

3. ITERATION OR LOOPING

4. BRANCHING OR JUMPING STATEMENTS


SEQUENCE SELECTION ITERATION

CONDITIONAL AND ITERATIVE


STATEMENTS
2. SELECTION

A selection statement causes the program control


to be transferred to a specific flow based upon
whether a certain condition is true or not.
CONDITIONAL CONSTRUCT – if else STATEMENT
CONDITIONAL CONSTRUCT – if else STATEMENT

Conditional constructs (also known as if statements)


provide a way to execute a chosen block of code based
on the run-time evaluation of one or more Boolean
expressions.

In Python, the most general form of a conditional is


written as follows:

Contd.. Next Slide


CONDITIONAL CONSTRUCT – if else STATEMENT

: Colon Must

if first condition:
first body
elif second condition:
second body
elif third condition:
third body
else:
fourth body
CONDITIONAL CONSTRUCT – if else STATEMENT

FLOW CHART

False
Condition ? Statement 1 Statement 2

Main True
Body
Statement 1

else
Statement 2 body
CONDITIONAL CONSTRUCT – if else STATEMENT

Each condition is a Boolean expression, and each body


contains one or more commands that are to be
executed conditionally.

If the first condition succeeds, the first body will be


executed; no other conditions or bodies are evaluated in
that case.
EXAMPLES – if STATEMENT

else is missing,
it is an optional
statement

OUT PUT
EXAMPLE – if else STATEMENT

: Colon Must

else is
used

OUT PUT
Python Data
Structures
Built in Types

• Lists
• Tuples
• Sets
• Dictionaries
Terms We'll Use

• Data structure-A way of organizing or storing


information.
• Ordered-The data structure has the elements
stored in an ordered sequence
• Mutable-The contents of the data structure can
be changed.
• Immutable-The contents of the data structure
cannot be changed.
Lists
• An ordered group of items

• Does not need to be the same type

– Could put numbers, strings or donkeys in the same list

– List contain items separated by a comma, and enclosed within


square brackets[]. They are mutable.

• List notation

– A = [1,”This is a list”, c, Donkey(“Kong”)]


Methods of Lists
• List.append(x)
– adds an item to the end of the list

• List.extend(L)
– Extend the list by appending all in the given list L

• List.insert(I,x)
– Inserts an item at index I

• List.remove(x)
– Removes the first item from the list whose value is x
Examples of other methods
• a = [66.25, 333, 333, 1, 1234.5] //Defines List
– print (a.count(333), a.count(66.25), a.count('x') ) //calls method
– 2 1 0 //output

• a.reverse() //Reverses order of list


– print (a.reverse()) //Prints reversed list
– [1234.5, 1, 333, 333, 66.25] //Output

• print(a.sort())
– [ 1, 66.25, 333, 333, 1234.5] //Output

• a.index(333)
– print(a.index(333)) //Returns the first index where the given value appears
– 1//output

• print(a[0]) Output?????????
• print(a[1:3]) Output???????
Tuples
Tuples are ordered, immutable collections of
elements.

The only difference between a tuple and a list is


that once a tuple has been made, it can't be
changed!

Tuples contain items separated by a comma, and are enclosed


in parenthesis.
Making a tuple:
a = (1, 2, 3)
Examples
a = (66.25, 333, 333, 1, 1234.5) //Defines Tuple

• print(a) //Prints tuple a


– 66.25, 333, 333, 1, 1234.5 //Output

• a.index(333)
– print(a.index(333) )//Returns the first index where the given value
appears
– 1 //output

• print(a[0])Output?????????

• print(a[0:3]) Output???????

• print(a+a) Output ???????


Tuples So Far
Why would you want a tuple?

Sometimes it's important that the contents of


something not be modified in the future.

Instead of trying to remember that you shouldn't't


modify something, just put it in a tuple.
Sets
A set is an unordered collection of elements where
each element must be unique. Attempts to add
duplicate elements are ignored.
Sets
Creating a set:
mySet = set(['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'])
Or:
myList = [1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3]
mySet2 = set(myList)
Note that in the second example, the set
would consist of the elements ??????
Sets
Things we can do with a set:

mySet = set(['a‘])

# Add an element:
mySet.add(‘e')
print(mySet)
mySet.add(‘a')
print(mySet)
Output ???????????

#Remove an element:
mySet.remove('b')
print(mySet)
Output ????????????
Sets
There is also support for combining sets.
Returns a new set with all the elements from both
sets:
mySet.union(someOtherSet)
Returns a new set with elements that were in both
sets:
mySet.intersection(someOtherSet)
Tons more methods can be found here:
https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/datastructures.html
Dictionaries
Lists can be viewed as a structure that map
indexes to values.

If I make the list:

myList = ['a', 'b', 'c']

I have created a mapping from 0 to 'a', 1 to 'b',


and so on. If I put in 0, I'll get 'a' back.
Dictionaries
Dictionaries let use whatever kind of keys we
want!
Instead of having 1 correspond to 'b', I can have
"hello" correspond to 'b'.
Before: Now I
can do things like:
0  'a' "Hello"
 'a'
1  'b'
1  'b'
2  'c'
3.3  'c'
Dictionaries
myDict = {}

Keys are enclosed in single quotes (‘’)


plus a colon separated by a comma.

Values are enclosed in double quotes if


they are strings. (“”)

e.g.

myDict ={‘student’: “John”, ‘age’: 20}


Dictionaries
When you look up something in a dictionary, the
thing you're putting in (like the index in a list) is
called a key.

What we get out is called a value. A dictionary


maps keys to values.

myDict["hello"] = 10
^ ^
Key Value
Dictionaries
If we want to get just the keys, or just the values,
there's a function for that!

listOfKeys = myDict.keys()

listOfValues = myDict.values()
Dictionaries
e.g
dict= {‘name’: “Rise”, ‘code’:8, ‘dept’: “CS”}
Determine the Output of the following:

print(dict[‘name’])

print(dict)

print(dict.values())

print(dict.keys())
Dictionaries
Homework

Imagine you have a bunch of university students,


and you're storing their grades in all their classes.

Use a dictionary to look up grades by name:

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