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Introduction To Java

JAV BASICS

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manya shrivastava
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© © All Rights Reserved
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18 views

Introduction To Java

JAV BASICS

Uploaded by

manya shrivastava
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1.

Introduction to Java
Object-Oriented Language: Java is designed around the principles of
object-oriented programming (OOP).
Platform Independence: Java runs on the Java Virtual Machine (JVM),
allowing it to be platform-independent ("Write Once, Run Anywhere"). Rich
API: Java provides a comprehensive standard library for various tasks.
2. Basic Syntax
Classes and Objects: Everything in Java is associated with classes and
objects.

java
Copy code class Dog {
void bark () {
System.out.println("Woof!");
}
}

Dog myDog = new Dog(); myDog.bark() ;

Main Method: The entry point of a Java application. java


Copy code
public static void main(String[] args) {
// code
}
3. Data Types
Primitive Types: int, char, double, boolean, etc.
Reference Types: Objects, arrays, etc.
4. Control Structures Conditional Statements: if, switch.
Loops: for, while, do-while.
5. Object-Oriented Concepts
Encapsulation: Bundling data and methods that operate on that data.
Inheritance: Mechanism for creating a new class using properties of an
existing class.
Polymorphism: Ability to perform a single action in different ways
(method overloading and overriding).
Abstraction: Hiding complex implementation details and showing only
essential features.
6. Exception Handling
Use try, catch, finally blocks to handle exceptions and errors
gracefully.
java
Copy code try {
// risky code
} catch (ExceptionType e) {
// handle exception } finally {
// cleanup code

}
7. Collections Framework
List: Ordered collection (e.g., ArrayList).
Set: Unordered collection (e.g., HashSet).
Map: Key-value pairs (e.g., HashMap).
8. Java Development Tools
JDK (Java Development Kit): Essential for developing Java applications. IDE
(Integrated Development Environment): Popular choices include IntelliJ IDEA,
Eclipse, and NetBeans.
9. Common Libraries and Frameworks
Spring: For building enterprise applications.
Hibernate: For ORM (Object-Relational Mapping).
JUnit: For testing Java applications.
10. Java 8 Features
Lambda Expressions: Enable functional programming.
Streams API: For processing sequences of elements.
Optional Class: To avoid null references.
11. Best Practices Follow naming conventions.
Write clean and maintainable code.
Use version control (e.g., Git).
Keep learning and stay updated with the latest Java features.
This should give you a solid foundation in Java basics! If you have specific
topics you want to dive deeper into, let me know!12. Advanced Object-
Oriented Concepts
Interfaces: Define methods that must be implemented by classes. They can be
used to achieve abstraction and multiple inheritance.

java
Copy code
interface Animal {
void sound();
}

class Cat implements Animal { public void sound() {


System.out.println("Meow") ;
}
}
Abstract Classes: Classes that cannot be instantiated and may contain
abstract methods (methods without a body).

java
Copy code
abstract class Vehicle {
abstract void start();
}

class Car extends Vehicle { void start() {


System.out.println("Car started");
}
}
13. Java Memory Management
Garbage Collection: Automatic memory management that reclaims memory from
objects no longer in use.
Heap vs. Stack: Heap is used for dynamic memory allocation, while stack is
for static memory allocation (method calls and local variables).
14. Java Concurrency
Threads: Java supports multithreading, allowing multiple threads to run
concurrently.
java
Copy code
class MyThread extends Thread { public void run() {
System.out.println("Thread running");
}
}
MyThread t = new MyThread(); t. start () ;
Synchronization: Used to control access to shared resources, preventing
thread interference.
java
Copy code
synchronized void method() {
// synchronized code
}
15. Java Streams and Functional Programming
Streams: A new abstraction introduced in Java 8 to process sequences of
elements. Support operations like map, filter, and reduce.
java
Copy code
List<String> names = Arrays.asList("John", "Jane", "Jack");
names.stream().filter(name ->
name.startsWith("J")).forEach(System.out::println);
Lambda Expressions: Provide a clear and concise way to represent one method
interfaces (functional interfaces).
java
Copy code
Runnable r = () -> System.out.println("Hello, Lambda!");
16. Java Annotations
Annotations provide metadata about the program. Commonly used annotations
include @Override, @Deprecated, and custom annotations.
java
Copy code @Override
public void myMethod() {
// overridden method
}
17. Java I/O (Input/Output)
File Handling: Use java.io and java.nio.file packages for reading and writing
files.
java
Copy code
Files.write(Paths.get("file.txt"), "Hello, World!".getBytes());
Serialization: Converting an object into a byte stream to save it to a file
or transmit it.
java
Copy code
ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(new
FileOutputStream("object.dat") ); oos.writeObject(myObject);
18. Java Networking
Sockets: Allow communication between machines over the network. java
Copy code
ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(8080);
Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();
19. Testing in Java
JUnit: A framework for writing and running tests. Useful for unit
testing.
java
Copy code @Test
public void testAddition() { assertEquals(5, 2 + 3);
}
20. Best Practices and Design Patterns
SOLID Principles: Guidelines for designing software that is easy to manage
and extend.
Common Design Patterns:
Singleton: Ensures a class has only one instance.
Factory Method: Defines an interface for creating objects.
Observer: Defines a one-to-many dependency between objects.
21. Java Development Tools and Environment
Build Tools: Maven and Gradle are popular for dependency management and build
automation.
Version Control: Familiarity with Git for version control is essential for
collaboration.
22. Java Frameworks and Ecosystem
Spring Framework: Widely used for building enterprise applications; offers
features like dependency injection and aspect-oriented programming.
Java EE (Jakarta EE): A set of specifications that extend the Java SE with
specifications for enterprise features such as distributed computing and web
services.
23. Java Best Practices
Keep methods short and focused (Single Responsibility Principle).
Use meaningful variable and method names.
Document code with comments and Javadoc.
Write unit tests for critical code paths.
Refactor regularly to improve code quality.
24. Future of Java
Continuous updates bring new features and enhancements (e.g., Project
Loom for lightweight concurrency, Project Panama for native code
interoperability).

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