Grade 11 ICT Short Note: UNIT One

Grade 11 ICT Short Note th
UNIT one
Information system and its applications
1.1 . Data , Information , Knowledge and Wisdom
Data is raw facts that cannot give meaning on its own. it is a representation of what
we see and perceive using things like letters and numbers.
data is recorded and stored using numbers, texts, and images.
1.1.2 Information
Information is data processed in a meaningful way to the end users.
Registering daily sales data may not give meaning.
But when we aggregate daily sales data by weeks of the month, it becomes
information as it shows whether the sales are
Increasing or decreasing.
1.1.3 Knowledge
Knowledge is an understanding which is acquired by further processing and
integrating different sets of information. It includes both understanding and skill.
Knowledge is the capability to think and act to solve a problem or accomplish a given
task.
1.1.4 Wisdom
Wisdom is the ability to make wise decisions and judgments using one’s knowledge.
It is the highest level of human understanding.

Wisdom is like love, intelligence, and politeness in that it is a good thing to have.
1.1.5 The Difference between Data, Information, Knowledge, and Wisdom
Data, information, knowledge, and wisdom can be hierarchically arranged where data is placed
at the bottom and wisdom is placed at the top of the pyramid.
2.Introduction to information System
An information system (IS) is a set of interrelated components working together to collect,

process, store, and disseminate information to potential users
1.2.2 Components of IS
Information systems can be viewed as having five major components: hardware, software,
data/information, people, and procedure. The functions of each component are explained below.
Hardware
Hardware includes digital devices that are required to perform core information system functions
such as data storage, data processing, and communication.
Communication among disparate parts of an information systems is facilitated
Software
Software is a set of instructions that commands the computer hardware to do something.
It includes the operating system, the Database Management System
(DBMS), application software, anti-virus software, and others that are required to be in place for
the information system to operate properly.
Data and Information
Organizations generate different types of data when they interact with their customers and
suppliers.
People
Information systems require qualified or trained people with knowledge to operate the
technologies and identify new data that must be captured and stored by the information system.
Procedure
Procedure is another component of information systems. A procedure is a series of steps
followed to achieve a desired outcome or goal.
HRIS) as an example of information system implementation in an organization. HRIS is a
type of information system. HRIS has a database that stores data of employees.
The kind of data kept in a database of typical HRIS include
Recruitment data such as applicant’s Curriculum Vitae and the number of candidates.
HRIS uses different technologies to store and process data into useful information.
Recruitment software. This software is used to automate the posting of job
offerings as well as the sorting of incoming applications.
The software. can post an organization’s job needs on a variety of websites.
Applicants can also submit resumes without meeting with anyone in person.
• Time and attendance software: It is used to track employee attendance.
This software helps the organization save money.
Employees are paid based on the hours they work.
• Performance management software: It is used to manage performance
appraisal data. It helps the organization to make evidence-based decisions to
retain, promote, transfer, or terminate an employee.
• Training and development software: This software is used to manage training
programs for employees. It is also used to automate training for online delivery.
1.3 Applications of Information System
Information systems have now become the means through which different IT enabled
services are provided by organizations.
These IT-enabled services are usually known as e-services.
E-services are defined as the provision of public services using technology as a mode of
service delivery. For example, banks provide banking services through mobile phone
without the need to go to a bank branch.
The different types of e-services are discussed below.
1.3.1 E-Government
Electronic government or e-Government is the use of information systems to provide
electronic services to citizens with the purpose of increasing efficiency, transparency, and
citizen participation.
1.3.2 E-banking
In the traditional banking service, customers must go to the nearby banks to withdraw
money, transfer money to families, and pay their utility bills.

1.3.2 E-banking
Electronic banking is a form of technology-based banking service that avoids
exchange of cash, checks, or other types of paper documents.
In the banking sector, IT is mainly associated with services like Internet
banking, Automated
Teller Machine (ATM) and mobile banking.
E-banking provides many benefits to banks as well as to customers. Some of
the benefits include:
• The cost of operation per unit of services is lower for banks.
• Customers can withdraw cash any time using, for example, ATM service.
• Customers can make payments from wherever they are.
• Customers can easily check their account balance
• Customers can get immediate message about transactions related to their
accounts.
1.3.3 E-learning
The face-to-face form of education is the dominant form of educational
delivery but it has some limitations. It does not allow students to learn in their
own pace, and class schedules are not flexible. E-learning is introduced as an
alternative form of educational delivery.
E-learning is a form of learning delivered through the use of digital devices.
A number of other terms are also used to describe e-learning. It is known by
terms like online learning, virtual learning, distributed learning, computer-
based learning, etc.
1.3.4 E-commerce
E-commerce (electronic commerce) is the buying and selling of goods and
services over the Internet. E-commerce is fundamentally a website deployed
over Internet to handle online transactions.
Some of the advantages of e-commerce include:
• Avoiding intermediaries: this mode of business allows customers to buy products
directly from manufacturers at a cheaper price avoiding wholesalers and retailers.
• Convenience: customers can order products from where they are.
• Increased bargaining power for the customer: customers can easily browse the
price of different merchants and choose the least price.
• Global reach: the Internet made it possible for the merchants to expand their
customers outside their local area.
This, however, also creates more competition as merchants now compete not only
with local competitors but also with global ones.
1.3.5 Telemedicine
Telemedicine refers to the practice of caring for patients remotely without the
caregiver and the patient being in the same physical location.
THE END OF UNIT ONE
THANK YOU!!

Grade 11 ICT Short Note: UNIT One

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Grade 11 ICT Short Note th

It is the highest level of human understanding.

An information system (IS) is a set of interrelated components working together to collect,

money, transfer money to families, and pay their utility bills.

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