CSA07 – Computer

Networks
Slot C – Tutorial Hour
 Question 1
1. Imagine that you have trained your St. Bernard, Bernie, to carry a box of three
8-mm tapes instead of a flask of brandy. (When your disk fills up, you consider
that an emergency.) These tapes each contain 7 gigabytes. The dog can travel
to your side, wherever you may be, at 18 km/hour. For what range of distances
does Bernie have a higher data rate than a transmission line whose data rate
(excluding overhead) is 150 Mbps? How does your answer change if

(i) Bernie’s speed is doubled;

(ii) each tape capacity is doubled;

(iii) the data rate of the transmission line is doubled.

 Question 2
2. An image is 1600 × 1200 pixels with 3
bytes/pixel. Assume the image is uncompressed.
How long does it take to transmit it over a 56-
kbps modem channel? Over a 1-Mbps cable
modem? Over a 10-Mbps Ethernet? Over 100-
Mbps Ethernet? Over gigabit Ethernet?
 Question 3
3. a) How much bandwidth is there in 0.1 microns of spectrum at a

wavelength of 1 micron?

b) It is desired to send a sequence of computer screen images

over an optical fiber. The screen is 2560 × 1600 pixels, each

pixel being 24 bits. There are 60 screen images per second. How

much bandwidth is needed, and how many microns of

wavelength are needed for this band at 1.30 microns?

c) Radio antennas often work best when the diameter of the

antenna is equal to the wavelength of the radio wave.

Reasonable antennas range from 1 cm to 5 meters in diameter.

What frequency range does this cover?

 Question 4
4. A 1024-bit message is sent that contains 992 data bits and 32 CRC bits.

CRC is computed using the IEEE 802 standardized, 32-degree CRC

polynomial. For each of the following, explain whether the errors during

message transmission will be detected by the receiver:

(a) There was a single-bit error.

(b) There were two isolated bit errors.

(c) There were 18 isolated bit errors.

(d) There were 47 isolated bit errors.

(e) There was a 24-bit long burst error.

(f) There was a 35-bit long burst error.

 Question 5
5. For this problem, use a formula from this chapter, but first state
the formula. Frames arrive randomly at a 100-Mbps channel for
transmission. If the channel is busy when a frame arrives, it waits
its turn in a queue. Frame length is exponentially distributed with
a mean of 10,000 bits/frame. For each of the following frame
arrival rates, give the delay experienced by the average frame,
including both queueing time and transmission time.

(a) 90 frames/sec.

(b) 900 frames/sec.

(c) 9000 frames/sec.

 Question 6
6. A large population of ALOHA users manages to
generate 50 requests/sec, including both
originals and retransmissions. Time is slotted in
units of 40 msec.
(a) What is the chance of success on the first
attempt? (b) What is the probability of exactly k
collisions and then a success?
(c) What is the expected number of
transmission attempts needed?
 Question 7
7. A seven-story office building has 15 adjacent offices per
floor. Each office contains a wall socket for a terminal in the
front wall, so the sockets form a rectangular grid in the
vertical plane, with a separation of 4 m between sockets,
both horizontally and vertically. Assuming that it is feasible to
run a straight cable between any pair of sockets, horizontally,
vertically, or diagonally, how many meters of cable are
needed to connect all sockets using

(a) A star configuration with a single router in the middle?

(b) A classic 802.3 LAN?

 Question 8
8. A 1-km-long, 10-Mbps CSMA/CD LAN (not 802.3) has a
propagation speed of 200 m/μsec. Repeaters are not
allowed in this system. Data frames are 256 bits long,
including 32 bits of header, checksum, and other
overhead. The first bit slot after a successful
transmission is reserved for the receiver to capture the
channel in order to send a 32-bit acknowledgement
frame. What is the effective data rate, excluding
overhead, assuming that there are no collisions?
 Question 9

9. Suppose that an 11-Mbps 802.11b

LAN is transmitting 64-byte frames
back-to-back over a radio channel
with a bit error rate of 10−7. How
many frames per second will be
damaged on average?
 Question 10
10. Consider the extended LAN connected using bridges B1 and B2 in
Fig. 4-41(b). Suppose the hash tables in the two bridges are empty.
List all ports on which a packet will be forwarded for the following
sequence of data transmissions:

(a) A sends a packet to C.

(b) E sends a packet to F.

(c) F sends a packet to E.

(d) G sends a packet to E.

(e) D sends a packet to A.

(f) B sends a packet to F

 Question 11

11. A router can process 2 million

packets/sec. The load offered to it is 1.5
million packets/sec on average. If a route
from source to destination contains 10
routers, how much time is spent being
queued and serviced by the router?
 Question 12
12. Suppose that host A is connected to a router R 1, R 1 is connected

to another router, R 2, and R 2 is connected to host B. Suppose that

a TCP message that contains 900 bytes of data and 20 bytes of TCP

header is passed to the IP code at host A for delivery to B. Show the

Total length, Identification, DF, MF, and Fragment offset fields of the

IP header in each packet transmitted over the three links. Assume

that link A-R1 can support a maximum frame size of 1024 bytes

including a 14-byte frame header, link R1-R2 can support a

maximum frame size of 512 bytes, including an 8-byte frame header,

and link R2-B can support a maximum frame size of 512 bytes

including a 12-byte frame header.

 Question 13
13. A large number of consecutive IP addresses
are available starting at 198.16.0.0. Suppose
that four organizations, A, B, C, and D,
request 4000, 2000, 4000, and 8000
addresses, respectively, and in that order. For
each of these, give the first IP address
assigned, the last IP address assigned, and
the mask in the w.x.y.z/s notation.
 Question 14
14. IPv6 uses 16-byte addresses. If a block of 1
million addresses is allocated every picosecond,
how long will the addresses last?
a. The Protocol field used in the IPv4 header is not
present in the fixed IPv6 header. Why not?
b. When the IPv6 protocol is introduced, does the
ARP protocol have to be changed? If so, are the
changes conceptual or technical?
 Question 15

15. A client sends a 128-byte request

to a server located 100 km away
over a 1-gigabit optical fiber. What is
the efficiency of the line during the
remote procedure call?
 Question 16
16. What is the fastest line speed at which
a host can blast out 1500-byte TCP
payloads with a 120-sec maximum
packet lifetime without having the
sequence numbers wrap around? Take
TCP, IP, and Ethernet overhead into
consideration. Assume that Ethernet
frames may be sent continuously
 Question 17
17. Compute Fig. 1 Distance vector algorithm and
Link State algorithm.
 Question 18

18. Consider the message sender wants to

send is 1010001101, and the generator
polynomial is x5+x4+x2+1. Find the
message transmitted by the sender. If
the receiver receives the message,
check if the receiver receives the correct
message or not.
 Question 19
19. a. Consider a situation in which a cyber
terrorist makes all the DNS servers in the
world crash simultaneously. How does this
change one’s ability to use the Internet?
b. DNS uses UDP instead of TCP. If a DNS
packet is lost, there is no automatic recovery.
Does this cause a problem, and if so, how is it
solved?
 Question 20
20. We need to use synchronous TDM and combine 20 digital sources,

each of 100 Kbps. Each output slot carries 1 bit from each digital

source, but one extra bit is added to each frame for synchronization.

Answer the following questions:

a. What is the size of an output frame in bits?

b. What is the output frame rate? 188

c. What is the duration of an output frame?

d. What is the output data rate?

e. What is the efficiency of the system (ratio of useful bits to the

total bits).

f. if each output slot carries 2 bits from each source.

Thank You