Light - PPT 2

LIGHT - CLASS 8
1
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
 Draw and explain Regular and diffused reflection
 Explain the images formed by a plane mirror
 Sketch a ray diagram to explain Image formation in a plane
mirror
 Design a Kaleidoscope and explain its interesting features
2
Regular and diffused (irregular) reflection :-
i) Regular reflection :- When parallel rays of light fall
on a smooth
surface, the reflected rays are parallel. This is called
regular
reflection. Regular reflection forms images of objects.
ii) Irregular reflection :- When parallel rays of light fall
on a rough
surface, the reflected rays are not parallel. This is called
diffused or
irregular reflection. Diffused reflection does not form
images of
objects.
Regular reflection Irregular reflection

(Diffused reflection)
Plane Mirror
https://interactives.ck12.org/simulations/physics/prom-night/app/index.html?
screen=sandbox&hash=bf4cf8adbc130a05855532eac96bdf4a&source=ck12&artifactID=1
732556&referrer=concept_details&encodedID=SCI.PHY.655
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4) Image formed by a plane mirror :-
i) The image is erect.
ii) The image is same size as the object.
iii) The image is at the same distance from the
mirror as
the object is in front of it.
iv) The image is virtual (cannot be obtained on a
screen).
v) The image is laterally inverted.
Image formation in a plane mirror
 Since the reflected rays

do not actually meet at
I, but only appear to do
so, we say that a
virtual image of the
point O is formed at I
 such an image cannot
be obtained on a
screen.
7
How are Multiple images formed?
When two mirrors are kept inclined at an angle, they can
together form multiple images. This is because the image
formed by one mirror forms
Angle between thethe object for
mirrors theofother mirror .
Number
images
45 0
7
600 5
90 0
3
1200 2
180 0
1
00 – Parallel to each other Infinite
number
What is Kaleidoscope?
 A kaleidoscope is a device used to see multiple images of objects.
 It has three inclined mirrors at an angle of 60 0 to each other.
 This arrangement is usually kept in a cylindrical box and has a few pieces of
coloured glasses kept at one end.
 We can see beautiful patterns and designs due to multiple images formed by
the mirrors.
Fig. 16.12 : Making a kaleidoscope
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6_8omObsfgM
 3 rectangular mirror strips each

about 15 cm long and 4 cm wide.
 Join them together to form a prism
as shown in Fig. 16.12(a).
 Fix this arrangement of mirrors in a
circular cardboard tube
 Close one end of the tube by a
cardboard disc having a hole in the
centre
 At the other end, touching the
mirrors, fix a circular plane glass
plate
11/10/2024 PEARL WISDOM SCHOOL 10
Dispersion of light – How is rainbow formed?
 Sunlight or white light is a mixture of seven colours. The splitting
up of sunlight or white light into its colours is called dispersion of
light.
 When a beam of sunlight is passed through a glass prism it is
split up into the seven rainbow colours. The colours are violet,
indigo, blue, green, yellow, orange and red (VIBGYOR).
 Rainbow is caused due to the dispersion of sunlight by water
drops in the atmosphere.
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13
DISPERSION 14
The human eye :-
Defects of vision :-
 The normal human eye can see nearby as well as distant objects clearly. The
minimum distance at which objects can be seen clearly is 25 cm.
 Some persons can see nearby objects clearly but cannot see distant objects clearly.
Some persons can see distant objects clearly but cannot see nearby objects clearly.
These defects can be corrected by using suitable corrective lenses.
 Sometimes in old age people cannot see clearly because the eye lens becomes
cloudy. This defect is called cataract. It can be corrected by removing the eye lens
and replacing it with an artificial lens
Care of the eyes :-
i) If there is any problem of the eyes, have a checkup and use suitable
spectacles if advised.
ii) Too little and too much light is bad for the eyes.
iii) Do not look at the sun or very bright light directly.
iv) If dust particles enter the eye do not rub the eyes. Wash your eyes with
clean water.
v) Always read at a normal distance. Do not read by keeping the book too
close to the eyes or keeping it or too far.
vi) Deficiency of Vitamin A causes night blindness. So take food rich in
Vitamin A
Braille system (Louis Braille) :-
 Braille system is a system used by visually challenged persons (blind persons) to read
and write.
 It has 63 dot patterns which represents alphabets, common words or signs.
 The dots are arranged in cells of two vertical rows of three dots each.
 The dots are raised slightly so that the words can be recognised by touching.
THINK TAC TOE
CHOOSE YOUR FAVOURITE ROW/COLUMN/DIAGONAL TO ANSWER
Name the phenomenon shown in the

Where is the image formed in a plane
Define the incident ray figure.
mirror?
The distance between the object and

The angle between an incident ray its image formed by a plane mirror
What makes things visible? and the plane mirror is 30 degree. The appears to be 18 cm. What is the
total angle between the incident ray distance between mirror and the
and the reflected ray will be:? object?
Who can see very well in the night, but What is a kaleidoscope?
What is virtual image?
not during the day?
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THINK TAC TOE
CHOOSE YOUR FAVOURITE ROW/COLUMN/DIAGONAL TO ANSWER
Define the incident ray Name the phenomenon shown in the Where is the image formed in a plane
The ray of light striking the surface is figure. mirror?
called an incident ray. Lateral Inversion Behind the mirror
The distance between the object and

What makes things visible?
The angle between an incident ray its image formed by a plane mirror
When light reaches our eyes after
and the plane mirror is 30 degree. The appears to be 18 cm. What is the
striking an object, we are able to see
total angle between the incident ray distance between mirror and the
an object.
and the reflected ray will be:? 60 object? 18cm
What is a kaleidoscope?
What is virtual image?
Who can see very well in the night, but
The image formed at a position
not during the day? A kaleidoscope is a device used to
behind the plane mirror is called a
OWLS see multiple images of objects.
virtual image
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LIGHT - CLASS 8

Regular reflection Irregular reflection

 Since the reflected rays

 3 rectangular mirror strips each

Name the phenomenon shown in the

The distance between the object and

The distance between the object and

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