REFLECTION OF LIGHT IN

REFLECTION OF LIGHT IN
MIRRORS
MIRRORS
For SCIENCE Grade 10
For SCIENCE Grade 10
QUARTER 2/ WEEK 6
Quarter 2 - Week 5
 FOREWORD

This self - learning kit was prepared for Grade 10 students to

help them understand the qualitative characteristics of images
formed by plane and curve mirrors. Ray diagramming is a
suitable tool in determining the path of light when it hits plane
and curve mirrors. It also helps to trace the direction in which
light travels.

Through this self – learning kit, the students will be able to

construct ray diagrams and describe the images formed by
curved mirrors. You are also expected to determine the location,
orientation, size, and type of the images formed.

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 OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lesson the learners will be able to:

K: Describe the nature of images formed by plane and curved mirrors.

S: Construct ray diagrams to determine the location, orientation, size,
and type of images formed by curved mirror.
A: Follow correct ray diagramming technique.

LEARNING COMPETENCY
Predict the qualitative characteristics (orientation, type, and
magnification) of images formed by plane and curved mirrors. (S10FE-IIg-50)

I. WHAT HAPPENED

Hello, how are you

today?

Look at this word written

in front of an ambulance
car, I wonder why it is
written this way.

Photo: ©google.com Clip art credits vectorstock.com

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PRE-ACTIVITIES/PRE-TEST

Let’s Try
this Activity 1 - “MIRROR MIRROR”

Stand in front of a plane mirror

and raise your right hand. Observe what
happens and answer the following
questions in a separate sheet of paper.

1. Which hand does your image

raised?
2. Compare your distance to the mirror
and the distance of your image to
the mirror. Do they have the same
distance?
3. What can you say about your height
and your image’s height?
Are they the same? Clip art image: ©google.com

Let’s Try
this
Activity 2 - “MY FACE IN THE SPOON”

1. Get a spoon.
2. Place the bulging/convex side of the spoon near your
face. Describe your image.
3. Bring the spoon an arm length distance away from you.
Describe your image.
4. Look now on the inner surface/concave side of the
spoon. Describe your image when the spoon is nearer
and when it is farther from you.

Photo: ©google.com

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 Let’s Try Activity 3 - “MATCH ME”
this

Choose your answer in the box that best suits the description below.
Write your answer in a separate sheet of paper.

a. Real Image f. Incident Ray

b. Normal line g. Curved Mirrors
c. Reflection h. Reflected Ray
d. Virtual Image i. Regular Reflection
e. Concave Mirror j. Convex Mirror

1. The bouncing of light rays when it hits a surface.

2. It is an image that can be projected on the screen, is always inverted and
is formed by actual rays of light.
3. The ray of light approaching the mirror represented by an arrow.
4. A curved mirror in which the reflective surface is curved inward.
5. A curved mirror in which the reflective surface is curved outward.
6. The ray of light which leaves the mirror and is represented by an arrow
pointing away from the mirror.
7. It is an image that cannot be projected on the screen, is always upright
and is formed by apparent rays of light.
8. A type of reflection of light on smooth surfaces such as mirrors.
9. It is a reflecting surface in which its surface is a section of a sphere.
10. An imaginary line that can be drawn perpendicular to the surface of the
mirror at the point of incidence where the ray strikes the mirror.

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II. WHAT I NEED TO KNOW

Let’s
Read

Reflection is when light bounces off an object. To learn more about

reflection of light in mirrors, here are some important terms you need to
understand.

Incident Ray. The ray of light approaching

the mirror represented by an arrow
approaching an optical element like mirrors.

Reflected Ray. The ray of light which leaves

the mirror and is represented by an arrow
pointing away from the mirror.

Normal Line. An imaginary line that can be drawn perpendicular to Clipthe

art: ©google.com

surface of the mirror at the point of incidence where the ray strikes the
mirror.

It is called a Regular/Specular reflection when the light reflect at the

same angles as it hits a smooth and shiny surface like mirrors and polished
metals. Irregular/Diffused reflection is when light hits a rough object and
reflects in different directions.

Clip art: ©google.com

Laws of Reflection

1. The incident ray, the reflected ray, and the normal line to the reflecting
surface all lie on the same plane.
2. The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection.

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DISCUSSION
A reflection in flat surface appears to be the same distance from
the other side of the mirror as the viewer’s eyes are from the mirror. When
light is reflected from a mirror, it bounces off at the same angle in the
opposite direction from which it hit. For example, if the light hits a flat or
plane mirror at a 30-degree angle from the left, it will bounce off at a 30-
degree angle to the right.

However, if the surface of the mirror is curved, the angles of

reflection are different at different points on the surface. The most
common curved surface used in optical devices is a spherical mirror. If
the mirror is convex, or curve outward. It will reflect a wider area, in which
images appear smaller and farther away than those from a flat mirror.

If the surface is concave or curved inward, a group of light rays

from a distant source is reflected back toward a single location known as
the focal point. This generally produces a magnifying effect.

https://tinyurl.com/y342unbv

There are two types of images formed by reflecting surfaces. Real

image is located in front of the mirror. It is always inverted and is formed by
actual rays of light. It can be projected on the screen. While virtual image is
located behind the mirror. It is always upright and is formed by apparent rays
of light. It cannot be projected on the screen.

Spherical or Curved Mirrors

A curved mirror is a mirror with curved reflecting surface. Most curved
mirrors have surfaces that are shaped like part of a sphere. There are two
kinds of curved mirrors. The concave and the convex mirrors.

Clip art: ©google.com

If the reflecting surface is curved inward, it is concave mirror. If the

reflecting is curved outward, it is a convex mirror.

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 There are mirrors terminology which you should know. (EASE Module 3)

1. Vertex (V) is the middle portion of the

mirror.
2. Center of curvature (C) is the center of the
sphere of which the curved mirror is a part.
3. Radius of curvature (r) is the distance of
the center of curvature from the vertex.
4. Principal axis (P) is the line drawn passing
through the vertex and the center of A
S
curvature. r
5. Secondary axis (S) is a line drawn through P V
C F f
the center of curvature to any part in the
mirror.
6. Aperture (A) is the opening of the mirror.
7. Focus (F) is the point where the reflected
rays meet.
8. Focal length (f) is the distance between
the focus and the vertex.
Photo: ©EASE Module

Ray Diagramming
To locate the images formed by curved mirrors and determined
the location, size, orientation and type of the image formed, perform
at least two of the following rays.

Ray 1. A ray parallel to the principal axis

will pass through the focus after reflection.

https://tinyurl.com/y5hye57n

Ray 2. A ray passing to the center of the

curvature will follow the same path back
after reflection.

https://tinyurl.com/y5hye57n

Ray 3. A ray passing through focus will

become parallel to principal axis after
reflection.

https://tinyurl.com/y5hye57n
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 Study the table below which summarizes the kind of image
formed in a concave mirror at different position of the object. Learn
how the image is formed using ray diagramming technique.
b. Object is located beyond the
a. Object is at infinite distance
center of curvature

A ray 1
object ray 2
V P
F C F

image

The image is a point at the principal The image is smaller, inverted, real and
focus. located between the center of curvature
and the focus.
c. Object is at the center of d. Object is between the center of
curvature curvature & the principal focus

ray 2

ray 1
ray 1
A
A object
object ray 3 P
C F
P
image C F image

The image is of the same size, inverted,

real and located at the center of The image is larger, inverted, real and
curvature. located beyond the center of curvature.
f. Object is between principal
e. Object at principal focus
focus and the mirror

ray 2
ray 2
A
A ray 1 ray 1
object P
P C F object image
C F

The image is larger, erect, virtual and

The image is at infinity – no image is
located behind the mirror.
observed.

Diagram taken from EASE Module

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 In a convex mirror the image is A
always smaller, upright and located behind
the mirror. As you move the object closer to objec image F C
t
the mirror the size increase but never larger
as the object itself. Diagram taken from EASE Module

Let’s Try Activity 4

this Direction: Complete the table by using the diagram
of the Concave and Convex mirror shown above to
summarize the location, orientation, size and type of
image formed.

Image
Size
Orientation (same, Type
Location of Object
Location (Upright or reduced (real or
Inverted) or virtual)
enlarged)
CONCAVE
Between F
1. Farther than the Center of Reduced
and C
Curvature
2. At the Center of Curvature Inverted Real
3. Between the Center of
Curvature and the Focal Inverted Enlarged
Point
4. At the Focal Point No image No image
5. Between the Focal Point
and the Center of the lens Upright Enlarged
(Vertex)
CONVEX
6. Farther than C in front of Reduced Virtual
the Mirror
7. Between F and V in front of Between F
Virtual
the Mirror and V
Activity taken from Science Grade 10 Learner’s Materials, First Edition 2015

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 Let’s Try
this Activity 5

Direction:
Applying the ray diagramming technique in locating the image
formed by curved mirrors. Draw a diagram of an object located in between
the Center of the Curvature and Focus of a CONCAVE mirror. Identify the
location, orientation, size, and type of the image formed.

object
P
C F

III. WHAT I HAVE LEARNED

• Reflection is the bouncing of light to an object.
• Reflection can be Regular/Specular or Irregular/Diffused Reflection.
• The law of reflection states that:
1. The incident ray, the reflected ray, and the normal line to the
reflecting surface all lie on the same plane.
2. The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection.
• In a plane mirror, the image formed is always reversed, virtual, upright,
and of the same size and shape as the object it is reflecting.
• A curved mirror is a mirror with a curved reflecting surface.
• When the concave mirror is placed nearer to the object, the image
acquired is bigger and virtual. However, if the object is move farther away
from the mirror the size of the image reduces and produces a real image.
• A convex mirror produces a virtual, upright, and reduced image.

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EVALUATION/POST TEST
Directions:
A. Read the statements carefully and write TRUE if the statement is
correct and FALSE if not.
1. A virtual image is an image located behind the mirror.
2. Concave mirrors can form real images
3. Concave mirrors can form virtual images
4. A real image is a copy of an object formed at the point where
light rays actually meet.
5. A convex mirrors can produce real and virtual images.
6. Plane mirrors create real images.
7. A mirror with a flat surface is a plane mirror
8. The point at which the light rays meet is called the focal point.
9. The law of reflection states that the angle of incidence is less than
the angle of reflection.
10. A plane mirror always produces an upright image.

B. Write the letter that correspond to your best answer.

1. What type of mirror is this?
a. Plane Mirror
b. Convex Mirror
c. Concave Mirror
d. Flat Mirror https://quizizz.com
2. This is an example ________ mirror?

https://quizizz.com

a. Plane Mirror c. Concave Mirror

b. Convex Mirror d. Flat Mirror
3. Convex mirrors produces _______________ images.
a. only virtual images c. only real images
b. virtual or real images d. inverted images
4. In ray diagramming, an incident ray that is parallel to the principal
axis _____________.
a. will reflect parallel to the principal axis
b. will reflect through the center of the curvature
c. will refract through the focal point
d. will continue along the same path through the lens

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 5. If the angle of incidence is 10 degrees from the normal line, what
is the angle of reflection and the total angle between the
incident and reflected ray?
a. Angle of reflection = 30 c. Angle of reflection = 10
Total angle = 60 Total angle = 20
b. Angle of reflection = 40 d. Angle of reflection = 20
Total angle = 20 Total angle = 10

III. Applying the ray diagramming technique in locating the image

formed by curved mirrors. Draw a diagram of an object located in front
of a CONVEX mirror. Identify the location, orientation, size and type of
the image formed.

object F C

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 REFERENCES
Acosta, Herma, et.al. (2015). Science 10 Learner’s Module. Department of
Education. Rex Book Store, Inc.

Byjus Learning App (2020). Concave Mirrors and Convex Mirrors. Byjus
Classes. Retrieved from < https://byjus.com/physics/>

Department of Education. Project EASE Modules. Learning Resources Portal.

Retrieved from < https://lrmds.deped.gov.ph/search>

Dionesioable (2015). The Nature and Properties of Light. Slide share. Retrieved
from <https://www.slideshare.net/dionesioable>

Lucas, J. (2014). Mirror Image: Reflection and Refraction of Light. Live

Science. Future US Inc.

Rostami, M. (2016). Mirror Quiz. Quizizz Library. Retrieved from

<https://quizizz.com/admin/quiz/mirror-quiz>

Science Learning Hub. Reflection of Light. Curious Mind. The University of

Waikato, New Zealand

Teachoo (2020). Rules for Drawing Ray Diagrams for Mirror. Teachoo.
Retrieved from <https://www.teachoo.com/Rules-for-drawing-Ray-
Diagram-in-Mirrors>

The Physics Classroom (2020). Image Characteristics for Convex and

Concave Mirror. Accessed September 2020.
<https://www.physicsclassroom.com/class>.

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 DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF NEGROS ORIENTAL

SENEN PRISCILLO P. PAULIN, CESO V

Schools Division Superintendent

FAY C. LUAREZ, PHD, Ed. D, TM

OIC - Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

NILITA L. RAGAY, Ed.D.

OIC - Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
Acting CID Chief

RACHEL B. PICARDAL, Ed.D.

SGOD Chief

ROSELA R. ABIERA
Education Program Supervisor – (LRMS)

ARNOLD R. JUNGCO
Education Program Supervisor – (SCIENCE & MATH)

MARICEL S. RASID
Librarian II (LRMDS)

ELMAR L. CABRERA
PDO II (LRMDS)

ADELINE FE D. DIMAANO, ED.D

Writer/Illustrator/ Lay-out Artist

_________________________________

BETA QA TEAM

ZENAIDA A. ACADEMIA
DORIN FAYE D. CADAYDAY
MERCY G. DAGOY
RANJEL D. ESTIMAR
MARIA SALOME B. GOMEZ
JUSTIN PAUL ARSENIO C. KINAMOT
ARJIE T. PALUMPA

ALPHA QA TEAM

ZENAIDA A. ACADEMIA
VICENTE B. MONGCOPA
FLORENTINA P. PASAJINGE

DISCLAIMER

The information, activities and assessments used in this material are designed to provide
accessible learning modality to the teachers and learners of the Division of Negros Oriental. The
contents of this module are carefully researched, chosen, and evaluated to comply with the set
learning competencies. The writers and evaluator were clearly instructed to give credits to
information and illustrations used to substantiate this material. All content is subject to copyright and
may not be reproduced in any form without expressed written consent from the division.

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SYNOPSIS ANSWER KEY

This self-learning kit was

prepared to the students for a
better understanding on the
images formed by mirrors. Ray
diagramming is a suitable tool in
determining the path of light as it
hits plane and curve mirrors. It also
helps to trace the direction in
which light travels. It is constructed
in order to determine the location,
orientation, size and type of image
formed in mirrors.

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

Adeline Fe D.
Dimaano, Ed. D.
finished her
degree in Doctor of Education at the
University of Southern Philippines
Foundation Incorporated in 2018 at Cebu
City. She also finished her degree in Master in Teaching
Physics at Siquijor State College in 2013. She took units in
Bachelor in Physics at Maxino College Dumaguete City in
2011 and finished the degree of Bachelor in Secondary
Education major in Mathematics at Negros Oriental State
University in 2001. She has been a facilitator and a writer to
various In-Service Training, Seminars and Workshops in
Science. Currently teaching at Balugo National High School,
Valencia, Negros Oriental.

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