DETAILED SCIENCE LESSON PLAN

GRADE LEVEL QUARTER WEEK & DAY NO. PAGE NO. 1

/DOMAIN

LESSON I
CONTENT Reflection of light in mirrors
CONTENT STANDARD The learners demonstrate an understanding of the images
formed by the different types of mirrors and lenses
LEARNING Predict the qualitative characteristics (orientation, type, and
COMPETENCIES magnification) of image s formed by plane and curved
mirrors.

Identify ways in which the properties of mirrors and lenses

determine their use in optical instruments
LEARNING OBJECTIVES Specific Objectives:
1. State the laws of reflection
2. Explain image reversal and multiple images through
laboratory activity
3. Relate the types of reflection in real world scenarios
ENGAGE Video Analysis:

What can you say about the video clip?

What do you call this phenomena?
Locate incident ray, reflected ray and normal line?
How about the angle of incidence? Angle of reflection?
Relate angle of incidence and angle of reflection?
ELABORATE Laws of reflection
 Angle of incidence (), is equal to the angle of
reflection ()
 The normal line, incident ray, and the reflected ray lie
on the same plane

Reflection of light is employed significantly in making optical

instruments like periscopes. Periscopes allow sea navigators
in a submarine to see the surface of the water.

Mirror Left Right Reversal

The left side of the object appears as the right side of the
image and the right side appears as the left.

Multiple Images

Multiple images are formed by the reflection that happens

when arranging at least two mirrors. The number of images,
N, can be determined using the formula N = (360/angle
between the mirror) -1. Parallel mirrors on the other hand
produce infinite number of images.

Reflection not only happens on a smooth surface like plane

mirrors, but also happens on rough surfaces. This is why
reflection is classified into two types.

Types of Reflection

1.Specular/ Regular Reflection. This is a reflection of light

on smooth surfaces such as mirrors or a calm body of water.
An example of this is the image of the Mayon volcano on a
calm water shown in Figure 8b
 (insert image)

2.Diffused/Irregular Reflection. This is a reflection of light

on rough surfaces such as clothing, paper, wavy water, and
the asphalt roadway. An example of this is the image of a
mountain on a wavy body of water as shown in Figure 9b

(insert images)
EVALUATE A. Multiple Choice

1. ________ is the bouncing of light rays when it hits a

surface.
a. Reflection
b. Refraction
c. Diffraction
d. Diversion

2. A man flashes a laser in plane mirror. The angle of

incidence is measured 120 degrees. What will be the
angle of reflection?
a. 30 degrees
b. 60 degrees
c. 90 degrees
d. 120 degrees

3. Lino tried to watch his reflection in a wavy sea water.

However, he wasn’t able to see his reflection clearly.
What do you think is the reason?
a. The light dispersed when it enters the water
b. Light is reflected into different direction.
c. Wavy sea water causes irregular reflection
d. Wavy sea water causes regular reflection

4. Which of the following sets of numbers can be read

properly in a plane mirror?
a. 0,1,6,8,9
b. 0,1,6
c. 6,9
d. 0,8

5. Which of the following statement describes the laws

of reflection?
I. Angle of incidence is equal to the angle of
reflection
II. Angle of incidence is inversely proportional to
angle of reflection
III. Normal line, incident ray, and reflected ray lie on
the same side
IV. Normal line, incident ray and reflected ray lie on
the same plane
a. I and III
b. I and IV
c. II and III
d. II and IV

B. Identification

Direction: Classify the following images as specular or

diffused reflection.
 1. specular

2. diffuse

3. diffuse

4. diffuse

5. specular

LESSON II
CONTENT Reflection of light in mirrors
CONTENT The learners demonstrate an understanding of the images formed by the
STANDARD different types of mirrors.
LEARNING Apply ray diagramming techniques in describing the characteristics and
COMPETENCIES position of images formed by mirror
LEARNING Specific Objectives:
OBJECTIVES 1. Determine the difference between concave and convex mirror
2. Identify the rules in ray diagramming techniques
3. Compute ………………59988888
ENGAGE Activity:
Exploring curved mirror

In this activity the students will form into four group. Each group will be
given a silver spoon as an alternative material for curved mirror.

Questions to be answered after the activity:

 What do you notice about the size of an object as it moves toward
and outward of the spoon?
 Which part of the spoon do you think is the concave and the
convex?
 In what real-life situation do we use curved mirror? Give an
example.

Video analysis:
Presenting a video that shows on how does curved mirror works and how
does concave and convex differ from each other.69

https://youtu.be/SrBNaFWHNN8

ELABORATE Reflection on Spherical Mirrors

A curved mirror is a reflecting surface in which its surface is a section of

sphere. There are two kinds of curved mirrors, the concave and the
convex surfaces. Curved mirrors whose reflecting surfaces curve inwards
are called concave mirrors while those whose reflecting surfaces bulge
outwards are called convex mirrors.

Two Kind of Spherical Mirrors:

1. The Concave Mirror
 It is a curved mirror in which the reflective surface bulges away
from the light source.
 It is called Converging Mirror because the parallel incident rays
converge or meet/intersect at a focal point after reflection
2. The Convex Mirror
 It is a curved mirror in which the reflective surface bulges towards
the light source.
 It is called Diverging Mirror because the parallel incident rays
diverge after reflection. When extending the reflected rays behind
the mirror, the rays converge at the focus behind the mirror

Images Formed by Curved Mirrors

In locating the image formed in curved mirror graphically, three important
points are considered.

 Center of Curvature, C - the center of the sphere of which the

mirror is part. Its distance from the mirror is known as the radius.
 Vertex, V - the center of the mirror.
 Focal Point/ Focus, F - the point between the center of the
curvature and vertex. Its distance from the mirror is known as the
focal length, f.
Real Image – a real image is formed when light rays actually meet after
reflection. A real image can be formed on a screen. A real image is
inverted with respect to the object.
e.g., The of a distance object formed by a concave mirror.
Virtual image – a virtual image is formed when light rays do not actually
intersect after reflection, but they appear to diverge from the mirror. A
virtual image cannot be formed on a screen. A virtual image is erect with
respect to the object.
e.g., The image of an object formed by a convex mirror. `

Applications of spherical mirrors and curved reflecting surfaces

Concave mirrors are used by dentists to magnify teeth during extraction

and as a shaving mirror. In both cases, the mirror forms upright and
magnified images. Concave reflectors are also used in projector lamps,
solar concentrators and telescopes.

Convex mirrors can be used in supermarkets to monitor customers’

activities and as driving mirrors in cars and motorcycles. This is because
convex mirrors provide a wide field of view compared to a plane mirror.
However, a convex mirror used as a driving mirror has one limitation. It
forms a virtual diminished image which appears to be farther away from
the observer than it actually is. This may lead to misjudgment by the
observer which can result into accidents.

The ‘Four Principal Rays’ in Curved Mirrors

Images formed in a curved mirror can be located and described
through ray diagramming. The P – F ray, F – P ray, C – C ray, and the V
ray are the ‘Four Principal Rays’ in curve mirrors. These rays, applied for
concave and convex mirrors, are presented in Table 5.
Ray diagramming is used in the graphical method of locating the image.

Ray diagramming steps using the ‘Four Principal Rays’ in determining the
position and the nature of the image of an object formed by concave
mirror and convex mirror.

1. From the object, draw the first ray (P – F ray). From the same point on
the object, draw the second (F – P ray), third (C – C ray), and fourth (V
ray) rays.
 2. The intersection of the four rays is the image point corresponding to
the object point.

3.For a convex mirror, light rays diverge after reflection and converge
from a point that seems to be behind the mirror (virtual focus); but the
procedure for locating images is the same as for concave mirror.

Mirror Equation

where:
f = focal length or distance from the mirror and the focal point, F
p = distance of the object from the mirror
q = distance of the image from the mirror

The equation above, called mirror equation, applies to both concave and
convex mirrors. However, for all location of objects in front of the convex
mirror, the image always appears as if it is located behind the mirror. It is
therefore considered that the value of image distance, q is negative. In
the same manner, the focus, F in a convex mirror is located on the other
side of the mirror (behind the mirror), thus, the focal length, f is also
negative.

EVALUATE A. Multiple Choice

1. It is a kind of mirror that is used in automobiles that gives the

driver a wider area and smaller image of the traffic behind
him/her.
a. Plane mirror
b. convex mirror
c. concave mirror
d. none of these

2. It is the type of mirror that dentists usually use to clearly see

the images of the teeth?
a. Plane mirror
b. Concave mirror
c. Convex mirror
d. Convex lens

3. Which of the following can an image be enlarged?

a. concave mirrors only
 b. convex mirrors only
c. either concave or convex mirror
d. neither concave or convex mirror

4. Which of the following optical instruments will be used to

produce a reduced or inverted image of a distant object?
a. Camera
b. Projector
c. Microscope
d. Refracting Telescope

5. What kind of lenses are used in magnifying glasses?

a. Concave lenses
b. Magnifying lenses
c. Convex lenses
d. None of these

Direction: Draw a ray diagram for each to locate the image.