HV PRESENTATION (1)

Human resources slide
1
SAFETY AND
RISK
Points
Human resources slide 2
RISK ANALYSIS
ASSESSMENT OF SAFETY AND

RISK
SAFE EXIT
RISK-BENEFITS ANALYSIS
SAFETY LESSONS FROM “THE

CHALLENGER”
RISK
ANALYSIS
RISK
HumanANALYSIS
resources slide 8
Risk analysis is the process of identifying

and analyzing potential future events
that may adversely impact a company.
Example : prevention damage, provision

for safety zone especially in industries.
Earlier destructive methods are used.

(crash tests)
SCENARIO
ANALYSIS
STEPS TO BUILD SCENARIO
DEVELOP A DEVELOP A COLLECT
IDENTIFY LINKING
PLAN SCENARIO TREE EVIDENCE
STATE QUANTIFY
SCENARIO
TREE
FAULT TREE
ANALYSIS
FTA uses a fault tree analysis
diagram to show the different events
or conditions that could lead to an
undesired outcome
ELEMENTS OF FTA
The Fault Tree Diagram
The Events
Logic Gates
EVENTS SYMBOLS
LOGIC GATES
ADVANTAGES OF
FTA
• It narrows down the cause of a failure event
• It identifies ways to mitigate the consequences of a
failure before it happens
• It helps you determine which failures are more likely
to occur
• It identifies common failure modes across multiple
systems
• It helps analyzing each flow separately
Identify
Human resources slide 5 the failure
STEPS FOR
FTA Create
Reduce
fault tree
diagram the risk
STEPS
FOR
FTA
Recognize List
Assign a
the system manager at potential
each level failure
reason
EVENT
HumanTREE
resources slide 8
ANALYSIS
(ETA)
An event tree considers
the impact of the failure of
a particular component or
item in the system, and
works out the effect such
a failure will have on the
overall system risk or
reliability
STEPS TO CONSTRUCT
Human resources
ETAslide 6
• Define the system
• Identify the accident scenarios
• Identify the initiating events
• Identify intermediate events
• Build the event tree diagram
• Obtain event failure probabilities
• Identify the outcome risk
• Evaluate the outcome risk
• Recommend corrective action
• Document the ETA
FAILURE MODE AND

EFFECT ANALYSIS
(FMEA)
TERMS USED IN
FMEA
SEVERITY PROBABILITY DETECTION (D) RISK PRIORITY
NUMBER (S) OF NUMBER (RPN)
Severity is usually OCCURRENCE
This rating This rating estimates The other three
rated on a scale estimates the how well the controls factors combine to
(O) can detect either the
from 1 to 10, where probability of failure form the Risk
cause or its failure
1 is insignificant occurring for that Priority Number.
mode after they have
and 10 is reason during the happened but before
catastrophic. If a lifetime of your the customer is RPN = S O D
failure mode has scope. Occurrence affected. Detection is
more than one is usually rated on a usually rated on a
effect, write on the scale from 1 to 10, scale from 1 to 10,
FMEA table only the where 1 is where 1 means the
highest severity extremely unlikely control is absolutely
rating for that and 10 is inevitable. certain to detect the
problem and 10
failure mode.
means the control is
certain not to detect
the problem
STEPS FOR THE
Human resources
PROCEDURE OF FMEAslide 6
Step 1 : Review the process
Step 2 : Brainstorm potential failure
modes
Step 3: List of potential effects of each
failure
Step 4 : Assign severity rankings
Step 5 : Assign occurrence rankings
Step 6 : Assign detection rankings
Step 7 : Calculate the RPN
Step 8 : Develop the action plan
Step 9 : Take action
Step 10 : Calculate the resulting RPN
ASSESSMENT
OF SAFETY
AND RISKS
Assessment of safety and risk is a
critical aspect of any project or
activity that involves human lives.
• Evaluating the physical risks

• Evaluate the potential risks
• Identifying potential hazards
• Evaluating the likelihood and
severity of their occurrence.
• Assessments should be
conducted at every steps
DO’s Dont’s
• Conduct a thorough risk assessment • Assume that safety policies and procedures
to identify potential hazards and are being followed without verifying.
safety issues. • Cut corners to save time or money when it
• Develop and implement safety comes to safety and risk management.
policies and procedures complying • Ignore safety concerns or hazards raised by
with industry standards and employees or others.
regulations • Delay taking action to address safety issues
• Train employees on safety or hazards.
procedures on a regular basis. • Neglect to report safety incidents or near-
• Regularly inspect and maintain misses, as they can provide valuable
equipment to ensure they are in insights for improving safety measures.
good working condition. •
• Encourage employees to report
safety concerns or hazards and take
prompt action to address them.
EXAMPLE OF
SAFETY/RISK
NEGLIGENCE
Air Midwest 5481 crash

ETHICS
Ethics play a crucial role in the

assessment of safety and risk.
It is essential to consider the
impact of an activity on
individuals, communities, and
the environment and to ensure
that it aligns with ethical
principles and values. It is
important to consider the long-
term impact of an activity and
to ensure that it does not
compromise ethical standards.
Beneficence
ETHICAL PRINCIPLES
Non-maleficence Justice
Sustainability Autonomy
PROBABILITY DENSITY
Human resources
CURVE FOR STRESS slide 6
WHAT IS RISK-BENEFIT
ANALYSIS?
REASONS FOR RISK-BENEFIT
Human resources
ANALYSISslide 8
1 2
3
ETHICAL IMPLICATIONS
Bidi Making
Fukushima
Nuclear Plant
Bangle Making
PERSONAL RISK
Difficulties in assessing personal risks-
 Individuals are ready to assume voluntary risks

than involuntary risks or activities over which they
have no control.
 The difficulty here is generally in assessing
personal risks which are involuntary.
 The problem of quantification of risk raises
innumerable problems.
Even when compensations are made to people
exposed
to involuntary risk, the basis on which it is made
could
be different for different people along with the
intensity
METHODOLOGIES TO ASSESS THE
PERSONAL RISK QUANTITATIVELY
Assess the voluntary activities (e.g. life

insurance policy taken)
Assess the degree of occupational hazard

(e.g. dust, radiation) and its effect on health
Loss of senses such as sight (eyes), hearing

(ears) & loss of limbs
Loss of earning capability, especially due to

physical disability
PUBLIC RISK
ASSESSMENT OF PUBLIC RISKS
Loss of or reduction in future
income or earning capacity
due to loss of
limbs/capability
Costs associated with the

accident
Cost of welfare, including

rehabilitation, alternate jobs
and other disability benefits
ACCOUNTING PUBLICLY
FOR BENEFITS AND
RISKS
REDUCING RISK
Human
Difficultiesresources
in establishingslide 4
safeguards
Risk assessment
based on incorrect
assumptions/data
Refusal to face
hard questions
caused by lack of
knowledge
Only a few
persons
participate in the
exercise
Varying
understanding of
risk based on
presentation of Incomplete
facts knowledge of
Engineering
subject
EXAMPLES OF
Human resources
IMPROVED SAFETY slide 6
Semaphore Signalling
Dead-man Handle for

Drivers in Trains
Volkswagen’s Car Safety
Belt
THE
CHALLENGE
R
NASA-
Human THE
resources slide 8
CHALLENGER
INTRODUCTION
• On January 28, 1986, the space
shuttle Challenger launched in the
early morning over the coast of
Florida.
• Challenger disintegrated 1
minutes and 13 seconds into its
mission, killing all seven
astronauts aboard: Francis R.
(Dick) Scobee, Michael John Smith,
Ellison S. Onizuka, Judith Arlene
Resnik, Erwin McNair, S. Christa
McAuliffe, and Gregory Bruce
Jarvis.
REASON
BEHIND THE
DISASTER
POINTS
• Pressure from politicians and

competing space agencies
• Insufficient testing and the
faulty design of the O-rings
• Weather conditions
• The key ethical issues - lack of
communication between
managers and poor safety
culture.
NASA SAFETY
CULTURE REPORTING FELXIBLE
LEARNING
ENGAGED BALANCE
THE DNA
ANALOGY
LESSON LEARNED
Human resources slide
FROM 6
THE
CHALLENGER
• The Challenger accident taught us
tough lessons and brought forward
what have become recognizable
phrases: normalization of deviance,
organizational silence and silent safety
pogram.
• We cannot become complacent.
• We cannot be silent when we see
something we feel is unsafe.
• We must allow people to come forward
with their concerns without fear of
repercussion
What is the first step in a risk
assessment
A Record your findings
B Evaluate the risk
C Identifying the hazards
D Decide who may be harmed

Who should undertake the risk
assessment
B Evaluate the risk

assessment
B Evaluate the risk

assessment
B Evaluate the risk

assessment
B Evaluate the risk

assessment
B Evaluate the risk

Thank You

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Human resources slide

ASSESSMENT OF SAFETY AND

SAFETY LESSONS FROM “THE

Risk analysis is the process of identifying

Example : prevention damage, provision

Earlier destructive methods are used.

The Fault Tree Diagram

FAILURE MODE AND

• Evaluating the physical risks

Air Midwest 5481 crash

Ethics play a crucial role in the

Difficulties in assessing personal risks-

 Individuals are ready to assume voluntary risks

Assess the voluntary activities (e.g. life

Assess the degree of occupational hazard

Loss of senses such as sight (eyes), hearing

Loss of earning capability, especially due to

Costs associated with the

Cost of welfare, including

Dead-man Handle for

• Pressure from politicians and

A Record your findings

B Evaluate the risk

C Identifying the hazards

D Decide who may be harmed

A Record your findings

B Evaluate the risk

C Identifying the hazards

D Decide who may be harmed

A Record your findings

B Evaluate the risk

C Identifying the hazards

D Decide who may be harmed

A Record your findings

B Evaluate the risk

C Identifying the hazards

D Decide who may be harmed

A Record your findings

B Evaluate the risk

C Identifying the hazards

D Decide who may be harmed

A Record your findings

B Evaluate the risk

C Identifying the hazards

D Decide who may be harmed

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