Manabendra Pati

SOIL MECHANICS AND FOUNDATION
ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

BALASORE COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING ANDTECHNOLOGY
SERGARH,BALASORE,756060
PRESENTED BY: GUIDED BY:

OM PRAKASH DAS ER. PUNYAMYEE PATTANAIK
22212252 ER. JYOTISHANKAR RATH
CONTENT
 INTRODUCTION
 WHAT IS NANO TECHNOLOGY
 WHY NANOSCALE
 WHAT IS NANOMATERIAL
 NANOMATERIALS’ CHARACTERISTICS
 WHEN NANOTECHNOLOGY STARTED
 APPROACHES OF NANOTECHNOLOGY
 BOTTOM-UP OR TOP-DOWN
 APPLICATIONS OF NANOTECHNOLOGY
WHAT IS NANOTECHNOLOGY
• The design, characterization, and application of structures, devices,

and systems by controlled manipulation of size and shape of
materials at the nanometer scale (atomic, molecular, and
macromolecular scale)
• To produce materials with at least one novel/superior characteristic
or property.
WHY NANOSCALE
• A nanometer (nm) is one thousand millionth of a meter.
• People are interested in the nanoscale because at this scale physical and
chemical properties of materials differ significantly from those at a
larger scale.
WHY NANOSCALE
WHAT IS NANOMATERIAL
• Is defined as any material that has unique or novel properties, due to

the nanoscale ( nano metre- scale) structuring.
• These are formed by incorporation or structuring of nanoparticles.
• They are subdivided into nanocrystals, nanopowders, and nanotubes: A

sequence of nanoscale of C60 atoms arranged in a long thin cylindrical
structure.
carbon nanotubes
Noble metal nanocrystals with cyclic penta-
twinned structures
Nanopowder
WHAT IS NANOMATERIAL
• Nanotubes are extremely strong mechanically and very pure conductors of electric
current.
• Applications of the nanotube include resistors, capacitors, inductors, diodes

and transistors.
• Nanomaterials are interesting because at the small scale, materials have fundamentally
different properties than at the bulk due to increased surface area to volume ratios.
NANOMATERIALS’ CHARACTERISTICS
• Most of them are novel, why?

One definition of novel materials is:
(new forms of existing materials with characteristics that differ
significantly from familiar or naturally-occurring forms).
• Nanomaterials can have one, two or three dimensions in the nanoscale

example Category of nanomaterials
layers, multi-layers, thin films, platelets and surface One-dimensional nanomaterials
coatings. They have been developed and used for
decades, particularly in the electronics industry.
nanowires, nanofibres made from a variety of Two-dimensional nanomaterials

elements other than carbon, nanotubes and, a
subset of this group, carbon nanotubes.
are known as nanoparticles and include Three-dimensional nanomaterials

precipitates, colloids and quantum dots (tiny
particles of semiconductor materials), and
Nanocrystalline materials
WHEN NANOTECHNOLOGY STARTED
• In some senses, nanoscience and nanotechnologies are not new.
• Chemists have been making polymers, which are large molecules made
up of nanoscale subunits, for many decades and nanotechnologies have
been used to create the tiny features on computer chips for the past 20
years.
• However, advances in the tools that now allow atoms and molecules to
be examined and probed with great precision have enabled the
expansion and development of nanoscience and nanotechnologies.
Approaches of Nanotechnology
(growth methods ): Bottom-up
• Bottom-up approaches seek to have smaller components built up into
more complex assemblies.
• while top-down approaches seek to create nanoscale devices by using

larger, externally controlled ones to direct their assembly.
• Bottom-up approaches, in contrast, use the chemical properties of

single molecules to cause single-molecule components to
(a) self-organize or self-assemble into some useful conformation
(b) rely on positional assembly.
TOP-DOWN
• The top-down approach often uses the traditional workshop or micro-

fabrication methods.
• where externally controlled tools are used to cut, mill, and shape
materials into the desired shape and order.
APPLICATIONS OF NANOTECHNOLOGY
General Applications
Application Examples
Medicine Diagnostics, Drug delivery, Tissue

engineering, Cryonics
Information and communication Memory storage, Novel semiconductor

devices, Novel optoelectronic devices,
Displays, Quantum computers
Heavy Industry Aerospace, Catalysis, Catalysis,

Construction Vehicle manufacturers
Consumer goods Foods, Household, Optics, Textiles,

Cosmetics, Sports
Environmental
Applications
Application Examples
Carbon capture Photocatalyst consisting of silica Nanosprings

coated with a combination of titanium dioxide
Sensors Pollutants sensors that able to detect lower

limits with low cost
Remediation (decontamination, oil spill Heavy metal decontaminant removes heavy

management) metals such as lead, cadmium, nickel, zinc,
copper, manganese and cobalt in a neutral pH
environment without using any form of sulphur.
Wastewater treatment Veolia Water Solutions & Technologies' ceramic

membrane modules, utilizing the CeraMem
technology platform, can be supplied with a
variety of inorganic microfiltration and
ultrafiltration membranes.
Energy Heat distribution e.g. ceramic-like

materials that provide sufficient reliability and
durability of the entire structure
CONCLUSION
• Nanotechnology offers the ability to build large numbers of products

that are incredibly powerful.
• Nanotechnology is heavily intertwined with biotechnology and
information technology, making its scope very wide.
• The nanotechnology industry is mainly used to create new world
REFERENCE
• http://www.nanowerk.com/products/product.php?id=1
60
• Significance of nanotechnology for future wireless devices and

communications Ermolov V., Heino M., Kärkkäinen A., Lehtiniemi, R.,
Nefedov N.*, PasanenP., Radivojevic Z., Rouvala M., RyhänenT. Seppälä, E.,
Uusitalo M. A. Nokia Research Center
• Helsinki, Finland
• J. P. M. She and J. T. W. Yeow, "Nanotechnology-Enabled Wireless Sensot
Networks: Overcoming the Limitations from a Device Perspective," in
Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Mechatronics and
Automation, Niagara Falls, Canada, 2005.
• International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors, Emerging Research
THANK
YOU

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SOIL MECHANICS AND FOUNDATION

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

PRESENTED BY: GUIDED BY:

 WHAT IS NANO TECHNOLOGY

 WHEN NANOTECHNOLOGY STARTED

• The design, characterization, and application of structures, devices,

• A nanometer (nm) is one thousand millionth of a meter.

• Is defined as any material that has unique or novel properties, due to

• These are formed by incorporation or structuring of nanoparticles.

• They are subdivided into nanocrystals, nanopowders, and nanotubes: A

• Applications of the nanotube include resistors, capacitors, inductors, diodes

• Most of them are novel, why?

• Nanomaterials can have one, two or three dimensions in the nanoscale

nanowires, nanofibres made from a variety of Two-dimensional nanomaterials

are known as nanoparticles and include Three-dimensional nanomaterials

• In some senses, nanoscience and nanotechnologies are not new.

• while top-down approaches seek to create nanoscale devices by using

• Bottom-up approaches, in contrast, use the chemical properties of

• The top-down approach often uses the traditional workshop or micro-

Medicine Diagnostics, Drug delivery, Tissue

Information and communication Memory storage, Novel semiconductor

Heavy Industry Aerospace, Catalysis, Catalysis,

Consumer goods Foods, Household, Optics, Textiles,

Carbon capture Photocatalyst consisting of silica Nanosprings

Sensors Pollutants sensors that able to detect lower

Remediation (decontamination, oil spill Heavy metal decontaminant removes heavy

Wastewater treatment Veolia Water Solutions & Technologies' ceramic

Energy Heat distribution e.g. ceramic-like

• Nanotechnology offers the ability to build large numbers of products

• Significance of nanotechnology for future wireless devices and

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