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Media and
Information
Literacy
Quarter 4 – Module 4:
Power, Impact, and Implications of
Media and Information

Department of Education • Republic of the Philippines

Media and Information Literacy – Grade 11
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 4 – Module 4: Power, Impact, and Implications of Media and
Information
First Edition, 2020

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11

Media and
Information
Literacy
Quarter 4 – Module 4:
Power, Impact, and Implications of
Media and Information

This instructional material was collaboratively developed and

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Department of Education • Republic of the Philippines

 INTRODUCTORY MESSAGE

You have learned in the previous modules that all media messages are
constructed – creators make choices each step of the way, from their work’s
purpose and focus to the point of view they use to relay their message.
Media, as a vehicle of these constructed messages, hold substantial influence
on the opinion or belief of a person or even of the public, as humans are,
intrinsically, easily persuaded by the views or choices of the majority. Moreover,
the revolution in media, information, and technology has had direct implications
in the shaping of a society’s systemic landscape both in positive and negative
ways.

In this module, you will further look into the media’s impact and
contribution particularly the opportunities and advancements media and
information puts on the table as well as the risks and challenges that come
with it. In addition, this module will discuss in detail the overall implications of
media and information to you as an individual and to the society as a whole.

Specifically, this module consists of the following lessons:

 Lesson 10 – Opportunities, Challenges, and Power of media and
information
 Lesson 11 – Current and Future Trends of Media and Information
 GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS
Lesson 12 – Implications of Media and Information to You and the
Society

For the learners: For the teacher:

To be guided in achieving To facilitate and ensure the
the objectives of this students’ learning from this
module, do the following: module, you are encouraged to
1. Read and follow do1.theClearly
following:
communicate
instructions carefully. learning
2. Answer the pretest competencies and
before going objectives
through the lessons. 2. Motivate through
3. Take note and record applications
points for and connections to real
clarification. life.
4. Compare your answers 3. Give applications of the
against the key to theory
answers 4. Discuss worked-out
found at the end of examples
the module. 5. Give time for hands-on
5. Do the activities and unguided classroom work
fully and discovery
understand each lesson. 6. Use formative
6. Answer the self-check to 10.assessment to
Provide alternative
monitor what you give feedback
formats for student work
learned in each 7. Introduce extensions or
lesson. generalizations of
7. Answer the posttest concepts
after you 8. Engage in reflection
have gone over all questions
the lessons. 9. Encourage analysis
 Lesso Opportunities,
n Challenges, and
10 Power of Media and
Information
The world is changing at a startling pace. Developments in
information, communication, and technology in the past decades have enabled
society to transform the mechanisms of how information circulates and how
people interact, access information, create new knowledge, learn, and work.
This information revolution has opened new waves of opportunities and
challenges not only for media and information but also in social systems,
commercial and economic approaches, and citizens’ engagement.

Over the years, media has evolved to be more than just a vehicle of
information, but an influential instrument powerful enough to transform
established systems. However, despite the fact the access to information and
knowledge has increased during the last decade, significant challenges and
obstacles still remain. In this lesson, we will look into these opportunities,
challenges, and power of media and information.

What I Need to Know

Learning objectives

Particularly, at the end of this lesson, you will:

1. Realize the opportunities and challenges in media and
information (MIL11/12OCP-IIIh24); and
2. Research and cite recent examples of the power of media and
information to affect change (MIL11/12OCP-IIIh25)

What I Know
Pretest

Direction: In a separate sheet of paper, write the letter of the correct answer.
a. TV and radio c. Books and
1. What composes of the New Media?
b. Internet and Social newspapers
Media d. AIs and robots
1. All are cybercrime offenses EXCEPT
c. Copyright
one:
infringement
a. Content-related offenses d. Profile stalking
3. Businesses will always be connecting with customers, both actual and
b. Computer-related
potential ones, and social media enable for a more fast and
offenses mechanism.
a. Cost- c. Amazing
efficient d.
b. Hassle Challenging
4. This refers to the kind of education where students need not attend classes
physically.
 a. Modular c. Distance
b. Mobile learning
Education d. Summer class
5. The media assists the working of a system through facilitating free
and unrestricted public
speech
debate
c.
.
Dictatorial
a. Unfair d.
6. Refers to ABS-CBN’s citizen journalism Democratic
b. Balanced
arm.
c. It’s
a. Ipaglaban Mo! Showtime!
b. Bayan Mo Ipatrol Mo! d. TV Patrol
7. Media, as a vehicle of these targeted contents, brought about action and
mobilization
a. True c. Maybe
b. False d.
Doubtful
8. What is the revolution in Egypt
called?
c. Ukrainian
a. Libyan Revolution Revolution
b. Arab Spring d. Million People
9. Who was the Philippines President when the Million People March was
March
actualized?
a. Erap c. Benigno Aquino
Estrada III
b. Gloria d. Rodrigo Duterte
10. Refers to Arroyo
using business and marketing techniques to encourage people
in adopting certain behaviors that would lead to better physical and mental
health, and eventually to wide-scale social change.
a. Social Marketing c.
b. Business Promotions
Marketing d. Protests

What’s New
Activity

What you will do

Activity 10.1: Imagine a World without Media

Media and information has definitely evolved throughout the
decades. With the advent of technology, human life has been
continually influenced, shaped, and improved. In this warm-up activity,
illustrate how you would imagine yourself and the society without all the
media instruments we have today. Submit your output on an A4- sized bond
What paper and be ready with a brief explanation of your illustration.
is It
Discussi
on
 There are both endless opportunities and countless challenges in the
information age. As a digital native, you ought and be able to make the best
use out of the media’s opportunities and hurdle over its challenges. Read and
reflect on how these opportunities and challenges exist and affect some of the
different aspects in society.

Informational (Social Media and the Web)

Whether we like it or not, the advent of the Internet has forced
practically almost everyone to migrate to the virtual world especially when
most of the information we need now is available via the Internet. Today the
World Wide Web is at the forefront of information providers given its multimedia
format which have “enriched information through synergy of text, audio, image,
and video (Liquigan, 2016).” The new media has enabled audiences to faster,
easier, and more efficient access and utilization of data and information
especially that search engines have made information seeking and
retrieval more interacting, engaging, and convenient. It also links users
through the vast networks of communication platforms such as e-mail, Internet
search, and messaging application. Moreover, the Internet has afforded the
audiences to a world that connects people and share cultures transcending
physical boundaries.

Aside from the Web, one of our most accessed source of information is
social media. Study the table below for the challenges and opportunities that
you as a netizen face in the midst of your engagement with social media
In terms of: Challenges/Opportunities
(Liquigan, 2016).
Collaborative  Projects enable the joint  The joint effort of many actors
projects andChallenges/Opportunities
Table 10.1. The simultaneous leads to
of Social a better outcome
Media
creation of content by than any actor could achieve
many end-users individually.
 Wikis-Websites which  From a corporate perspective
allow users to add, firms must be aware that
remove, and change collaborative projects are
text-based content e.g., trending toward becoming
online encyclopedia the main source of
Wikipedia currently information for many
available in more than consumers.
230 different languages
Blogs  Special types of  Many companies are already
websites that usually using blogs to update
display date- stamped employees, customers, and
entries in reverse shareholders on
chronological order. developments they consider
 The social media to be important.
equivalent of personal  [It is risky because] customers
web pages and can who turn out to be dissatisfied
come in a multitude of with or disappointed by the
different variations, from company’s offerings may
personal diaries decide to engage in virtual
describing the author’s complaints in the form of
life to summaries of all protest websites or blogs
relevant information in which results in the
one specific content availability of potentially
area damaging information in
online space.

In terms of: Challenges/Opportunities

Content  Main objective of  From a corporate viewpoint,
communities content content communities carry
communities is the the risk
 sharing of media of being used as platforms
content between for the sharing of copyright-
users protected materials
 Exist for a wide  While major content
range of communities have rules in
different media types place to ban and remove such
including text, illegal content, it is difficult to
photos, videos, avoid popular videos being
and PowerPoint uploaded only hours after they
presentations have been aired on television.
 On the positive side, the high
popularity of content
communities makes them a
very attractive contact
channel for many firms.
 Other firms rely on content
communities to share
recruiting videos, as well as
keynote speeches and
press announcement, with
their employees and
investors.
Social  Applications that 
High popularity, specifically
networking sites enable users toamong younger Internet users
connect by creating
personal
information profiles,
inviting friends
and
colleagues to have
access to those
profiles, and
sending e-mails and
instant messages
between
Source: Media and Information Literacy each
(Liquigan, 2016)
other
On the other hand, Can include any type
still because of all the information and data right at the
audience’s disposal,of Cybercrime information, has also been one of the greatest
challenges in media including
and information.photos,According to the Department of Justice,
video, audio files,
Cybercrime is “a crime committed with or through the use of information and
communication technologies and blogs such as radio, television, cellular phone, computer
and network and other communication device or application.”

According to the 2001 Budapest Convention on Cybercrime, criminal

offenses in cyberspace include:

1. offenses against the confidentiality, integrity and availability of

computer data and systems;
2. computer-related offenses;
3. content-related offenses; and
4. offenses related to infringements of copyright and related rights

Economic (Business and Marketing)

To put up a business means having to disburse money. It’s an expensive
endeavor. Starting a business is one thing, but sustaining and marketing your
business is another. In
the old days, traditional marketing mediums such as print and broadcast were
very costly, and actually even until now. Due to the impact of social media
as a new medium, the relationship between brands and consumers have
changed a lot. Now, through social media marketing, business owners can
connect with their target consumers for free through using social media
platforms like Facebook, Twitter, etc., and can significantly lower their
marketing costs.

The New Media also allows them to see what potential customer’s
opinions are and network with them as well. It creates a platform for discourse
and lets the business owners respond to customer grievances, questions, and
concerns almost instantly. Businesses will always be connecting with
customers, both actual and potential ones, and social media enable for a
more fast and cost-efficient mechanism.

However, its opportunities are also its disadvantages. First, because

connection to customers is put on a priority, you may have to spend more time
being active in social media answering queries, responding to feedbacks, and
updating your online presence with creative marketing content. This may be a
challenge for some as this is time-consuming and may compromise the time you
get to use for actual work or production instead. Moreover, the ability for new
media to cater online feedback may also pose a challenge as they can also
spread bad things from your product or brand. Competitors may also be lurking
around studying your business.

Educational
Media and information have made a radical impact on education
(Gonzales, 2016). Today, learning has never been easier and faster. When
we talk about education, we usually refer to its most technical sense, “the
knowledge, skill, and understanding that you get from attending a school,
college, or university (Merriam-Webster’s Dictionary).” In the past decades,
society has been limited with the idea that people can only learn and get
education through sitting and listening lectures in a classroom, passing exams,
or making projects. Today, learning and education has taken a whole new
meaning with media and information.

At present, the advancement in media tools and information dissemination

has made learning and education resources more open and free for public
use. What we had to research in the library before can already be sought
through your laptop or phone today. Thanks to the internet, a learner may also
get information from a wide variety of sources like e-books, articles, videos, and
the like.

Furthermore, it has also opened the opportunity for various modes of

learning to exist, both in formal and non-formal arrangements. One of the
growing trend in education is distance or online learning where students need
not attend classes physically, instead, register to online courses or programs
and attend in such even in the comfort of their homes. This is especially
beneficial to people who are constrained by their schedules or due to some
personal reasons. The convenience, abundance, and interconnection, aspect
of media and information
However, for education
the opportunities that are opportunities
media worth taking
and information advantage
brought has
of (Gonzales, 2016).
also opened several challenges. For instance, the problem with overflowing
information available for
public use is people having to assess and evaluate the usefulness and
credibility of the information on their hands. It is unfortunate though that
people in some communities, especially rural ones, doesn’t even have the
chance to evaluate information because they have no access to such
technology and data in the first place. As the world and education rapidly
progresses, people who have been left behind are even stuck at a farther
distance making it more difficult for them to catch up.

Political (Politics and Governance)

The communication of political information is an important process in
the political system, and the mass media play a central role in this activity
(Coxall, et al, 2003). Media, as a vehicle in communication, can provide the
audience with news and information which will help them develop more
informed opinions and choices. For instance, during the election period, most
of what the people would know about political candidates and political parties
are information we get from media which often affects how they perceive a
certain candidate or party, both positively and negatively. The media also acts
as a watchdog which monitors the conduct and governance of elected
government officials. In today’s politics and society at large, media is essential
to safeguarding the transparency of democratic processes.

Through media and more information provided to the public, a bigger

platform for political discussions has also been opened. This validates that
“the media assist the working of a democratic system through facilitating free
speech and unrestricted public debate (Coxall, et al, 2003).”

On the other way around, politics can also have an effect on media as,
at times, although not explicitly, powerful political figures and even the
government can manipulate or influence media’s content. This kind of media
regulation can be best seen in communist systems like of North Korea’s
where the government enforces rules and regulations governing the media
industry and prescribing the kind of information they are allowed to broadcast.
This is one of the challenges of media as an element in politics, the truth or
information the media disseminates may be manipulated by external factors. In
example of this is what we call propaganda, a communication that is primarily
used to influence an audience and further an agenda thus, information may
be made incomplete, twisted or presented selectively.

The interrelationship between media and politics provides a fair

foundation in the function of media as a source of information (Gonzales,
2016). However, today, the widening gap between the media, the
government, and the public’s trust is becoming a pressing challenge.

Social (Citizen Engagement and Social Change)

Have you ever heard of ABS-CBN’s “Bayan mo, IpatrolMo!” Program where
ordinary citizens send reports, photos, videos, of problems in their communities,
issues they want to put the spotlight on, or advocacies they want to promote.
How about this, have you ever noticed that news organizations now are using
photos and footages from ordinary citizens when reporting for a story? Have you
ever wondered at what point did ordinary citizens take part in providing
information for mass broadcast? This trend is brought about by
advancements in technology and the fast and widespread dissemination of
information. This is what we call citizen journalism.
 As defined by Encyclopedia Britannica, citizen journalism is
“journalism that is conducted by people who are not professional journalists
but who disseminate information using Web sites, blogs, and social media.”
Citizen journalism is one of the biggest opportunities in media and
information as it encourages ordinary citizens to take part in the news
production process. It gives the then-receivers an opportunity to become
news producers as well. Moreover, it also urges them to be more wary and
mindful of the things happening around them and gives them the confidence
to speak out when they see something wrong.

According to TCC Group, their work revealed that media influences an

audience (i.e., affects change) through a flow, illustrated in the diagram below.

Source: Gasper, 2016. How Media Affects Social Change. Retrieved from https://www.tccgrp.com/insights-resources/insights-
perspectives/how-media-affects-social-change/)

As opposed to the traditional communication process where the message

to be sent is usually found at the middle, this flow reveals that there may be
several entry points of targeted contents and media audiences may start at
various points along the flow. This means that some may just be aware of an
issue or topic, some may actually understand it, or some are just acquainted
with it because of emotional connection. Whatever the case is, “content can
individually and collectively (as part of a campaign) serve to affect an increase
in audience understanding and help foster an emotional connection between
the audience and the issue being presented (Gasper 2016).”

Several events in history proved this to be true, that media, as a

vehicle of these targeted contents, brought about action and mobilization. In
fact, history have concretely showed society how media can be a powerful tool
for social change and mass revolution.

The speed at which information is spread through social media is the

main reason why platforms such as Facebook or Twitter have had increasingly
large roles in civil society, even fueling revolution. Check out the powerful ways
social media has been used to create change around the world.

1. Libyan Revolution – When official media outlets like television and print
media were controlled by the state, social media became the reliable
source of information for the revolutionaries and even a platform used
to distribute information and firsthand accounts of what was going on
within the country. As a result, media tools like tablets and phones played
crucial roles in the revolution.
 2. Arab Spring – In 2011, an online frenzy of activity commenced a revolution
in Egypt which saw more than 3 million tweets on Twitter,
hundreds of hours of Youtube video, and countless posts on
Facebook and blogs which told stories of the revolution from
citizens who needed to get their voices heard.

3. Ukrainian Revolution – In Ukraine, much like traditional revolutions,

protesters line the streets to call for social change.
Nonetheless, social media still played a role in the movement as
protester used socmed as a strategic tool for communication, using
platforms such as Twitter and Facebook to organize thousands
of like-minded individuals.

Apart from mass protests, calls for social change may also be in the form
of what we call as social marketing. Social marketing refers to using
business and marketing techniques to encourage people in adopting certain
behaviors that would lead to better physical and mental health, and eventually
to wide-scale social change.

On the other hand, although media has the ability to bring people
together, conversely, it also has the potential to bring people apart, attitude
and ideology-wise. As earlier mentioned, social media and the World Wide
Web offers the audience a wider avenue for intellectual discussion and
productive conversations. However, due to the influx of various differing ideas,
the broadening problem of polarization has been one of the undeniable
challenges in media and information. Because of the differences of views and
opinions of the audience, a culture of social division is becoming evident and is
taking a toll on unity and even social trust.

What’s More
What you will do
Enrichment

Activity 10.1: Fill in this table with your personal view and experience
regarding the opportunities and challenges of media and information in the
following aspects:
Aspect Opportunities Challenges

Informational

Economic

Educational

Political

Social
Activity 10.2: A Look into the Past

As mentioned earlier, many events in the past showed us how media

play a pivotal role in bringing awareness and action addressing social and
political issues around the world. In the Philippines, an example of these
events is the Million People March. In this activity, you are to read the article
below about the Million People March – what is was, how it came to be, how
it ended, and what role media and information played in between. Read,
reflect, and answer the guide questions that follow on a separate sheet of
paper.

The Million People March

August 17, 2013, a day after the Commission on Audit (COA) released a
special report on the Priority Assistance Development Fund (PDAF), saw how
social media became a springboard for a mass protest. Calls for protest began
circulating on Facebook and Twitter after a series of exposés by the Philippine
Daily Inquirer about a mammoth scam involving Congress’ PDAF.

PDAF or more popularly known as the “pork barrel”, the term used to
mean funds allocated to senators and congressmen to be used in their pet
development projects, sparked online outrage from the Filipinos because of how,
by nature, vulnerable it is to corruption and how it has become a fund source for
some legislators. What enraged citizens more was that then-President Benigno
Aquino III earlier maintained that he wanted to keep the PDAF.

Consequently, friends Arnold Pedrigal, Peachy Bretana, and Bernardo

Bernardo, created a Facebook event page to gather people who wanted the PDAF
scrapped. They said they wanted a "massive pocket picnic" and to bring one million
people at the Luneta Park on August 26. Astonishingly, the #MillionPeopleMarch
surfaced by August 18 and immediately dominated Twitter.

This hashtag, together with #PDAFKalampag and #ScrapPork, flooded

Twitter and FB feeds with over 140,000 social media mentions as of 8PM of
August 26. Many Filipinos expressed their anger through creating blogs, pages,
advertisements and even memes to show that they agree to the idea of stopping
the Pork Barrel Fund.

Although the movement originally called to bring in a million people to

march against the graft-tainted pork barrel fund, it has still been deemed a
success as the online campaign was actualized with 80,000-100,000 people at
Luneta according to the police. This number included professionals, students,
workers, priests, nuns and even civic and showbiz personalities. The
movement was even emulated on a smaller-scale in other cities across the country
and in various cities around the world where there are concentrations of Filipinos.

In the face of the mass’ growing collective anger, President Aquino

announced that he was suspending the releases of money and vowed to reform
the system. After the protests, senators also released statements acknowledging
the legitimacy of protesters’ call to abolish lawmakers’ Priority Development
Assistance Fund (PDAF) or pork barrel.

This was the Million People March – a tale of how a group of 3’s call to
reform in social media sparked a crusade against corruption, a movement
actualized on the ground.

Sources: Hundreds of thousands join people’s march against pork barrel

(https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/475165/tens-of-thousands-join-peoples-march-against-pork-barrel),
#MillionPeopleMarch: Online and offline success (https://www.rappler.com/nation/37360-million-people-
march-social-media-protest-success
Guide questions for Activity 10.2:

1. What was the “Million People March” all about?

2. Who initiated the movement?
3. What role did media play in the conception and actualization of the
Million People March?
4. What was the outcome of the Million People March movement? Was it
successful in
terms of achieving its goals?
5. What can you recommend for the betterment of mass media-assisted
campaigns such as the Million People March?

What you will do

Activity 10.3: Cartoon Analysis

Instructions: Analyze the cartoon below and answer the guide questions
that follow.

Source: Truth and Media. 2009. Retrieved from

https://www.toonpool.com/cartoons/truth%20and%20media_5749
6 (May 30, 2020)

Guide questions:
1. What is the message in this cartoon?

2. Is the situation about media depicted in the cartoon true in the

Philippines? Why or why not?

3. Does the cartoon show a challenge or an opportunity? Why do

you say so?
 What I Have Learned
Generalization

Complete the sentence stem below. Write your answers on a separate sheet of
paper.
1. The advancement of media and information brings society countless
opportunities such as

2. However, along with these opportunities are risks and challenges such as

.
3. The media is considered a powerful catalyst in a way that

What I Can Do
Application

Understanding the opportunities and challenges of media and

information is best done by reflecting on how it exists in your life. With this, in
the table below, write what you think are the opportunities (positive effects)
or challenges (threats or negative effects) brought by media (new and
traditional) and information citing personal experiences or examples.

Media and Information

Opportunities Challenges
 Assessment
Posttest

Direction: In a separate sheet of paper, write the letter of the

correct answer.
1. What composes of the New Media?
a. TV and radio c. Books and
b. Internet and Social newspapers
Media d. AIs and robots
1. All are cybercrime offenses EXCEPT
c. Copyright
one:
infringement
a. Content-related offenses d. Profile stalking
3. Businesses will always be connecting with customers, both actual and
b. Computer-related
potential ones, and social media enable for a more fast and
offenses mechanism.
a. Cost- c. Amazing
efficient d.
b. Hassle Challenging
4. This refers to the kind of education where students need not attend classes
physically.
a. Modular c. Distance
b. Mobile learning
Education d. Summer class
5. The media assists the working of a system through facilitating free
and unrestricted public
speech
debate
c.
.
Dictatorial
a. Unfair d.
6. Refers to ABS-CBN’s citizen journalism Democratic
b. Balanced
arm.
c. It’s
a. Ipaglaban Mo! Showtime!
b. Bayan Mo Ipatrol Mo! d. TV Patrol
7. Media, as a vehicle of these targeted contents, brought about action and
mobilization
a. True c. Maybe
b. False d.
Doubtful
8. What is the revolution in Egypt
called?
c. Ukrainian
a. Libyan Revolution Revolution
b. Arab Spring d. Million People
9. Who was the Philippines President when the Million People March was
March
actualized?
a. Erap c. Benigno Aquino
Estrada III
b. Gloria d. Rodrigo Duterte
10. Refers to using business and marketing techniques to encourage people
Arroyo
in adopting certain behaviors that would lead to better physical and mental
health, and eventually to wide-scale social change.
a. Social Marketing c. Promotions
 b. Business d.
Marketing Protests

Additional Activity

What you will do

Great work! You are done with Lesson 10.
Have a break! You deserve one 😊
Research work
Now off to Lesson 11! Read on!
Instructions:
1. Research a news article (2015 up to present)on the internet about
an event that that shows the power of media and information
to affect change or an event where media and information was
instrumental in making a change.
2. Copy and paste the article on a short bond paper.
3. Cite the source of the news using APA style.
4. Write a summary and a reaction about the article.
5. Answer the following
o What media is guide questions:
important or instrumental in the course of
event? ver
o Why do you think the identified media was y
o Was the outcome
instrumental a positive
or important or event?
in this a negative change?
Explain your

Lesso Current and

n Future Trends of
11 Media and
Information
Technological advancements, digitization, and the Internet is swiftly
changing the nature of information production, consumption, and sharing. With
this, even the economic, societal, political, and educational landscapes of
society has been aligning its mechanisms and policies to the realities in the
Information Age. In a fast-paced era of information and
technology, society is left with only two choices: adapt to change or get left
behind. As such, MIL encourages us to learn the current trends in Media and
Information as well as anticipate what may come in the future so that we may
understand, as consumers, in what ways we can adapt to and maximize the
innovations of these changing times.

In this lesson, you will identify the latest advancements in media and
information technology and realize how they shape people’s media experience
and influence information needs.

What I Need to Know

Learning objectives

By the end of this lesson, you will:

1. Evaluate current trends in media and information and how it will

affect/how they affect individuals and the society as a whole
(MIL11/12CFT-IIIi-26);
2. Describe massive open on-line (MIL11/12CFT-IIIi-26); and
3. Predict future media innovation (MIL11/12CFT-IIIi-27)

What I Know
Pretest

Let’s see how much you already know before we tackle the next lesson.
Write the letter of your choice on a separate sheet of paper.
a. Distance
1. Another term for MOOC. c. Online Information
Learning Hub
b. E-school d. Internet School
2. It refers to the model delivering content online to any person who want to
take a course, with no limit to attendance.

a. Education Model c. Massive Open Online

b. Model of Online Course
Learning d. Electronic Learning Model
3. The letter M is MOOC stands
for?
a. Media c. Market
b. Massiv d. None of the
e Above
4. Which of the following is not a material suitable for 3D
printing?
a. Concret c. Glass
e d. Human
b. Plastic tissue
5. Which of the following is not a type of wearable technology with health
applications?
a. Pedometer c. Calorie Tracker
b. Heart-rate d. None of the
monitor Above
6. A technology that helps instructor evaluate their
students’ learning.
 a. Analytics c. Online exams
b. Learning d. All of the
trackers above
7. This refers to a society’s characterized by the shift from letters to e-mails,
newspapers to news web pages, books to e-books, and so on.

a. Electronic c. Paperless
Society Society
b. Internet Society d. Digital Society
8. Which of the following is not an element of the 3D
environment?
a. Heigh c.
t Length
b. Width d.
9. Which of the following is not an example ofDepth
modern wearable
technology?
a. Smart c.
Watches Smartphones
b. Fitness d. Headsets
10. Refers to aTrackers
type of learning that happens anytime, anywhere, and
with anyone.
a. Ubiquitous c. Wide Learning
Learning d. None of the
b. Global Learning Above

What’s In
Review

In Lesson 10, you have learned that media and information open both
opportunities and challenges for you as an individual and to the society in
general. Media as well carry with them meaning – even powerful ones – that
can influence media and information consumers’ attitudes, behavior, and
views. As a digital native and a media and information literate individual, you
are expected to manage its challenges and make the best use of its
opportunities. In this lesson, we will focus on these developments, specifically
the current trends of media and information and how it plays a role in the Digital
Era.

What’s New
Activity 11.1
What you will do

Activity 11.1: Identifying Technologies

Instructions: Identify these technological tools. Name as many as you can
and give a guess as to how and for what purpose it is used.
What 1 2 3
is It 4
Discussion

Media and information, much like almost anything in the world, is a

dynamic and developing entity. It is ever-changing in nature – a product of
continuous improvement. The photos above are just a few examples of the
many technologies and innovations that have emerged throughout the recent
years. Here, you will explore more of these developments and visualize what
the future may bring in terms of the trends in media and information.

Massive Open Online Courses

EDUCAUSE, a nonprofit organization composed of IT leaders and
professionals, defines MOOC as “a model for delivering learning content online to
any person who wants to take a course, with no limit on attendance.”

Furthermore, MOOCs can be characterized by the following:

1. A revolutionary approach to education that transitions from physical

setting to a virtual set-up
2. A kind of learning that is facilitated online, breaking the norm of
having to
physically go to traditional schools or universities for higher
education
3. Utilizes information technologies like analytics to help instructors
evaluate their students’ learning
4. Emphasizes connectedness (Gonzales, 2016)

MOOCS are asynchronous, open-access, Web-based courses geared

toward enrolling hundreds or thousands of students at a time. MOOCs deliver
content via recorded video lectures, online readings, and online assessments,
as well as various degrees of student-student and student-instructor interaction
(Kurt, 2018). People enroll in MOOCs for a range of purposes including: Career
development, college preparations, supplemental learning, lifelong learning,
corporate training, and more.

There is a distinction though as to whether an online learning material or

program is considered as a MOOC. Here are a number of features that are
typically required for a course to be considered a MOOC:

1. Massive - It should allow access to a very large number of

students, much larger than a face-to-face class, or a
traditional online course. It can even reach up to 500,000 learners
or more!
2. Open – It does not have an admission process nor qualifications to
be able to register or enroll. MOOCs being open also means free
and open access to
educational resources hosted in varied online places.
3. Online – Thecourse is done remotely via the Internet and does not
require physical attendance at a classroom which also
means that anyone from anywhere around the world
with an Internet connection can avail of these courses.
4. Courses - It should have learning objectives to be achieved by
students after certain activities within in a given period
of time.

MOOCs are made and hosted by universities and companies

through open enrollment or open registration. However, most of these
and many others. They range in length from 1 to 16 weeks (Bowden, 2019).
While others run on a schedule, MOOCs remain flexible letting you progress
through them at your own pace, that means you are able to study and go
through the lessons and activities according to your time, schedule, and
pacing. Like in a traditional classroom, students will also be graded through
quizzes, assignments or activity. However, these may come as peer review
which are graded by other students according to a rubric or automatically-
marked tests which are graded directly upon submission.

MOOCs offer a strong starting point for a number of reasons, including:

1. Lack of entry requirements – a MOOC can be taken by anyone
who is interested in the subject matter and able to access
the course, regardless of age, background, or location
2. Repetition – a MOOC will often run two or three times a year,
ensuring that students won’t miss their chance
3. Highquality – MOOCs are led by subject matter experts (SMEs)
and supported by teaching assistants, so that students
have access to first-rate
educational resources
4. Feasibility – a MOOC usually necessitates around 1-2 hours of study
a week for about 5 weeks, making learning doable for students
with busy lives
5. Self-paced but supported learning – a MOOC enables students to
work through the course materials and assessments at
their own rates while also
interacting with a global learning community (Kurt, 2018).

In sum, MOOCs are a game-changer for higher education. The

large scale availability, the low cost to students, the questions raised around
credentialing, and the analytics that MOOCs provide all create a momentum for
new pathways to education. Check out an example of a MOOC in the next page.

Course
Example of a MOOC from course provider title
edX:
Course
provider

Registration link

Other details about

the course

Course description

Course objectives
 Screenshot from edX Online Course: How to Write an Essay (Retrieved from https://www.edx.org/course/how-to-write-an-
essay) May 30, 2020

What have you learned so far?

Activity 11.2: Question and Answer

Instructions: Answer the questions briefly in your own words. Write your
answers in a separate sheet of paper.
1. What is the impact of MOOC in information access?
2. Can MOOCs replace the traditional mode of information and
knowledge delivery? Expound your answer.
3. Are MOOCs potentially harmful to copyright? Why or why not?

Wearable Technology
Also known as wearables or fashion technology, wearable technology is a
general term which encompasses a field of smart devices that are worn on the
body. This technology is also considered as a trend in media and information
as with it, people and access information through media in a much faster
manner.

Earlier versions of wearables were devices clipped to the body or on

pieces of clothing. Today, however, advancements in technology allowed
powerful sensors to have direct contact with the skin. Thus, the tech gravitated
to other body parts: the wrists, fingers, chest, forearms, ears, eyes, forehead,
temple and anywhere else you can think of (yes, even those parts).

According to Wearable Devices magazine (Liquigan, 2016), the

characteristics of wearable include the following:
 Performing computer-related tasks such as laptops and mobile
phones
 Provide sensory and scanning features
  Have some form of communication capability and will allow the
wearer access to information in real time
 Data-input capabilities
 Local storage capabilities

Wearable technology is growing to be one of the fastest-rising innovation

in the ICT industry. The new age of wearables are loaded with smart sensors that
track our movements and biometrics, often using Bluetooth to sync wirelessly to
a smartphone. Others also rely on Wi-Fi connectivity and standalone mobile 4G
LTE data connections.Wearables also use sensors to connect to you as a
person, helping you to achieve goals such as staying fit and active, losing
weight, being more organized or tracking your overall mental and physical
health. In the case of VR and AR heads-up displays, they’re providing a
wealth of new entertainment and educational opportunities, as well as
enhancing the world around us (Smith, 2019).

Different fields such as in gaming, music, entertainment, health and

medicine, fitness and wellness, education, transportation, and many others,
have slowly started to adapt to the use of this technology. Let’s look at these
examples of wearable tech:

1. Smartwatch

Smartwatches are wrist-worn devices that

connect to your mobile phone. As they are synced to
your smart phone, it allows you to see notifications on
your wrist at a glance. This technology eases the
burden of having to constantly open and check you
smartphone text messages, e-mails, or other
notifications. It can even track your physical activity!

Most smartwatches rely on a smartphone to

function, which also means the model you choose will
depend on your
phone. For example, the Apple Watch can only be synced with an iPhone,
while Android Wear devices—such as the Moto 360 and Samsung Gear—can
only be connected to
Android phones.

2. Fitness trackers and sports watches

Whether for formal training or just trying to

be active and fit, fitness trackers and sports
watches help you get a better understanding of
your fitness activities. According to GCF Global,
they can track the number of steps you take, your
average heart rate, how long you sleep, and more.
This data can then be synced with another device,
which allows you to see trends and patterns in your
activity. For example, you could find out how far
you've walked over the past week or estimate
how many calories you've burned in a day.

3. Smartglasses
No longer do your specs just help you see
things more clearly: smart glasses can link up
with your phone, control the volume of your
music and even take photographs (Stevens,
launch this technology in 2013. Basically, it brings wireless connectivity and
imaging into the frames and lenses of our eyewear, controls that we can only
usually do on our smartphones and computers. So instead of a keyboard or
mouse, you can control smart glasses by tapping or swiping control built into
the frame or even verbalizing your commands as you do with Alexa and Siri.
4. Hearables

Most have had or known earphones

and headphones throughout their lives. Today,
these devices, like the ones we previously
discussed, have now also utilized wireless
connectivity as well. These hearables work just like
the traditional earphones and headphones but are
already wireless and are worn in the ear. The most
popular example is Apple’s AirPods, those true
wireless earphones that offer quick access to the
Siri voice assistant. However, these hearable aren’t
only for music or entertainment but some are
actually used as smart hearing aids.

5. VR Headsets

VR or Virtual Reality headsets are

devices connected to a PC/games console and
show you a computer-generated virtual reality
that fools you sight and your brain into thinking you
are in a different scenario.
Today, many industries and fields are using and developing more
innovations of these wearable tech especially in the health care industry where
they’re looking into devices that could be used to monitor things like blood
pressure, vital signs, or blood sugar levels for diabetics.From the basic fitness
trackers and highly-advanced sports and smartwatches, to virtual and
augmented reality headsets, wearables are definitely establishing their names.
As such, wearable technology will most likely continue to have an impact to
modern society especially given its efficient use and aesthetic quality.
3D Environment
3D or three-dimensional in its literal sense refers to anything that has a
width, height, and depth (Gonzales, 2016). The physical world, the realm we live
in including us humans, are examples of 3D environments. This technological
concept of a 3D environment is explored to imitate and simulate the physical
world through media. Most common examples of this are computer animations in
video games and TV shows. Films have been also among the most common
media modalities that employ 3D. 3D films make objects in their material
appear solid to the audience through the illusion of perception (Gonzales, 2016).
If you have been to one of these 3D films, you are made to wear special 3D
glasses which directs each of your eyes to see a slightly different picture.
According to American Paper Optics, a manufacturer of 3D eyewear, “this is
done in the real world by your eyes being spaced apart so each eye has its own
slightly different view. The brain then puts the two pictures together to form one
3D image that has depth to it.

Another 3D technology, which have existed for actually quite a while

now, is 3D printing. This innovation brings digital data and design to the
physical world – literally. Simply put, it brings your design to life! According to
The University of Tennessee Knoxville, 3D printing “creates objects by bonding
the print material one layer at a time. They work by
making use of 3D design files, such as those created in AutoCAD or similar
applications. These files are processed by specialized software that slices the
data into cross sections. The printer uses this data to build the desired object
from the bottom up one layer at a time.” Unlike laser printers that utilize inks,
3D printers “prints” in layers of material like plastic, metal, and concrete.

Overall, 3D environment has been already widely used because it gives

the audience or the users a more engaging and enjoyable media experience
because the images and videos are in three-dimensional rendering – meaning
it’s as if we’re looking at something real!

Ubiquitous Learning
Ubiquitous Learning or u-learning is a kind of e-learning experience that
“implies a vision of learning which is connected across all the stages on which
we play out our lives. Learning occurs not just in classrooms, but in the home,
the workplace, the playground, the library, museum, and nature center, and in
our daily interactions with others (Bruce, 2009).” Compared to mobile learning
and e-learning, it is a more context-based approach and more adaptive to the
needs and pacing of the learner.

U-learning is a kind of wireless modality where learning takes place at

anytime, anywhere, and with anyone. It benefits from the use of
technologies to implement the learning activities and achieve learning
objectives. These technologies incorporate learning materials such as videos,
audios, PowerPoint presentations, or notes with embedded source data in them
(Liquigan, 2016). It is a very personalized and dynamic mechanism that uses
devices integrated into the students’ environment. Furthermore, u-learning
maximizes the use of any form of media like media like mobile phones and
computers for an efficient use.

However, in the Philippine setting especially in the public education

system, most u- learning tools fail to endure because of the lack of
resources and thus, not effectively sustaining the actual needs of the students.
It is, nevertheless, still a promising endeavour that both private and public
education institutions hope to embark on.
What have you learned so far?

Activity 11.3: Question and Answer

Instructions: Answer the questions briefly in your own words. Write your
answers in a separate sheet of paper.
1. How has wearable technology revolutionized the way people
access information?
2. How does a 3D environment affect the audience’s media experience?
3. How does ubiquitous learning (u-learning) impact the traditional
mode of learning?

Paperless Society
 A call for faster transactions and greener mechanisms brought
paperless transactions as a viable and useful practice in society. A paperless
society is a society where communication and transactions are done
electronically or digitally and all forms of printed communication have become
obsolete. It is characterized by the shift from letters to e-mails, newspapers to
news web pages, books to e-books, and so on (Gonzales, 2016). Paperless
transactions also include cashless dealing which are often done through credit or
debit cards or through virtual wallets like PayMaya and GCash.

Going paperless offer several benefits like acquiring savings on costs on

materials, printing, labor, and storage. In addition, paperless transactions
minimizes the risk of losing or misplacing a digital document and allows
employees to access and edit a digital document, whether remotely or in
the office, then electronically manage or send it. These documents can also be
accessed simultaneously, eliminating the need for multiple copies and thus
saving time and adding to work efficiency.

However, for a country like the Philippines where many places are
still without electricity, even more so Internet, going entirely paperless is
still a far-fetched aim. Bureaucracy in several companies and organizations,
both public and private, also hamper the actual realization of a paperless
society. Despite such, societies are positively gearing towards going paperless
as places and people who are capable of carrying it out have already
adapted such procedures.

MOOCs, Wearables, 3D, U-Learning – these are only a few of

the many technological advances that we can only expect to shape our daily life
now and in the future – the way we communicate, conduct business, and even
have fun. From virtual worlds, wireless devices, artificial intelligence,
holographic images and videos, and so much more. All these trends will
continue to advance, empower, and transform every aspect of our lives.

Now, let’s further harness your knowledge on these trends and

technologies by answering the following enrichment activities!
 What’s More
Enrichment

Activity What you will do

11.4:
Identify
the important details of this MOOC. Write your answers on the activity matrix
found in the next page.

Screenshot from Coursera Online Course: Journalism Skills for Engaged Citizens (Retrieved
from https://www.coursera.org/learn/journalism-skills) May 30, 2020
Activity 11.4 Matrix
Component Answer
1. Course title
2. Course brief description
3. Course provider
4. Host institution
5. Course instructor/s
6. Course duration
7. Cost of enrollment

What you will do

Activity 11.5: Weighing Pros and Cons

Instructions: In the table below, write down what you think are the pros
(advantages) and cons (disadvantages) of the previously discussed trends
in media, information, and technology.

Trend Pros Cons

1. MOOCs

2.
Wearable
technolog
y
3. 3D
environment

4. U-Learning

5.
Paperless
Society
What I Have Learned
Generalization

Complete the sentence stem below.

4. Current trends in media and information include

5. These developments change society’s way of life by

6. However, these advanced technological tools also pose disadvantages

such as
 What I Can Do
Application

Essay: Tech Then and Now

Technology isn’t what it is now compared to what our parents,

Asses grandparents, or elder relatives have grown up to. In this activity, you will
discover how our tech now differ from what they have used before. On a
sment separate sheet of paper, answer the following questions:
Posttest
1. Choose a current media and information technology you know or
I. currently own or patronize and create a review about it.
MULTIPLE
CHOICE. 2. Ask an elder (parents, aunts or uncles, grandparents) for their opinion
Identify of a similar yet earlier version of the technology you used for your own
the review.
correct
answer 3. Write an essay comparing the difference between their technology
to the and yours.
following questions. Write the letter of your choice on the space before
the number.

1. The letter M is MOOC stands for?

a. Media c. Market
b. Massiv d. None of the
e Above
2. A technology that helps instructor evaluate their
students’ learning.
a. Analytics c. Online exams
b. Learning d. All of the
trackers above
3. This refers to a society’s characterized by the shift from
letters to e-mails, newspapers to news web pages, books to e-books,
and so on.
a. Electronic c. Paperless
Society Society
b. Internet Society d. Digital Society
4. Which of the following is not an example of modern wearable
technology?
a. Smart c.
Watches Smartphones
b. Fitness d. Headsets
5. Refers to a type of learning that happens anytime, anywhere, and
Trackers
with anyone.
a. Ubiquitous c. Wide Learning
Learning d. None of the
b. Global
II. IDENTIFICATION: Learning
Identify Above to below. Write your
the term/s being referred
answers on the space provided before the number.

1. The unabbreviated term for a model delivering learning

content to any online person who wants to take a course,
with no limit on attendance.
2.Refers to the eyewear used to watch 3D films.
 3. A transaction that is done electronically or digitally
without the use of physical documents.
4. A kind of technology that brings digital data and design to
the physical world.
5. Refers to the obsoleteness of printed communications in
society.
6. Refers to the material used in 3D printing
aside from plastic and metal.
7. Broadly defined as any gadget that is worn instead of being
carried.
8. An example of a wearable technology that tracks your
wellness and physical activity.
9. The sense tricked in 3D films.
10.Refers to the device that shows you a computer-
generated virtual reality.

Additional Activity

Exploring More Online Courses

To further expand your knowledge on MOOCs, this activity will let

you explore on the various online courses available on the Web. So here’s
what you have to do:
1. Research for two (2) specific MOOCs of your choice.
2. Take note of the following details for the two MOOCs and write
thema. on
Course title
a separate sheet of paper:
b. Course description
c. Course objectives (if
any)
d. Host institution
e. Course provider
Key f. Course Duration
g. Cost
Answ h. Certificate
3. Answer the following
a. Would you be willing to enroll yourself for a MOOC?
questions:
ers b. How effective do you think are MOOCs in providing
training and education?

Awesome! You are done with Lesson 2.

Relax and take a break😊
Then let’s take off to Lesson 3! So, read on!
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:
Department of Education – Division of Misamis
Oriental Don A. Velez St., Cagayan de Oro City
Contact number: 0917 899 2245
Email address: misamis.oriental@deped.gov.ph

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