Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 1 views

    Carbohydrate Metabolism 300L

    Uploaded by

    NDUKA CLINTON

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Carbohydrate Metabolism 300L

    Uploaded by

    NDUKA CLINTON
    1 views19 pages

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    1 views19 pages

    Carbohydrate Metabolism 300L

    Uploaded by

    NDUKA CLINTON

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 19

    CARBOHYDRATE

    METABOLISM
    JIMI ADEJARE

    CARBOHYDRATE MRTABOLISM
    INTRODUCTION

    • Carbohydrates are organic compound composed of carbon, hydrogen and


    oxygen.
    • they are essential macronutrients that provide a primary source of energy
    for body cells
    • TYPES
    • sugars
    • Starches

    • Fibers found in fruits vegetables, grains and legumes

    CARBOHYDRATE MRTABOLISM
    Metabolism
    • Carbohydrate metabolism refers to the biochemical processes that
    involve the
    • breakdown,

    • synthesis,

    • and utilization of carbohydrates in living organisms.:

    CARBOHYDRATE MRTABOLISM
    KEY ASPECT OF CARBOHYDRATE
    METABOLISM
    • Glycolysis

    • Gluconeogenesis

    • Citric acid (Krebs ) cycle


    • Oxidative phosphorylation
    • Glycogenesis

    • Glycogenolysis

    • Blood glucose regulation

    CARBOHYDRATE MRTABOLISM
    Summary of carbohydrate metabolism
    • Carbohydrate metabolism involves several stages, primarily through
    processes like glycolysis, the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle), and
    oxidative phosphorylation.
    • Glycolysis:
    Occurs in the cytoplasm.
    Glucose (a six-carbon sugar) is broken down into two molecules of
    pyruvate (a three-carbon compound).
    ATP is consumed and produced during various steps.
    • Pyruvate Decarboxylation (Transition Reaction)
    Pyruvate, produced in glycolysis, enters the mitochondria.
    Each pyruvate molecule loses a carbon as CO2, forming acetyl-CoA.
    CARBOHYDRATE MRTABOLISM
    • Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle):
     Takes place in the mitochondrial matrix.
     Acetyl-CoA is further broken down, releasing CO2
     transferring high-energy electrons to carrier molecules.
     Produces NADH and FADH2, which carry electrons to the next stage.
    Oxidative Phosphorylation (Electron Transport Chain
    and ATP Synthesis)
     Involves the electron transport chain on the inner mitochondrial membrane.
     Electrons from NADH and FADH2 move through the chain, creating a proton gradient.
     ATP is synthesized as protons flow back into the mitochondrial matrix through ATP synthase.
     Overall, these stages efficiently extract energy from glucose, storing it in the form of ATP
     and reducing equivalents like NADH and FADH2. Keep in mind that the specifics can vary in
    different organisms and under different conditions.
    CARBOHYDRATE MRTABOLISM
    Glycolysis:

    • Occurs in the cytoplasm.


    • Glucose is broken down into two molecules of pyruvate.
    • ATP and NADH are produced during glycolysis

    CARBOHYDRATE MRTABOLISM
    CARBOHYDRATE MRTABOLISM
    Gluconeogenesis:

    • Takes place in the liver and kidneys.


    • The synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrate precursors (e.g.,
    lactate, amino acids).
    • Important for maintaining blood glucose levels during fasting.

    CARBOHYDRATE MRTABOLISM
    CARBOHYDRATE MRTABOLISM
    CARBOHYDRATE MRTABOLISM
    Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle):

    • Takes place in the mitochondria.


    • Acetyl-CoA (derived from glucose breakdown, fatty acid oxidation,
    or amino acid catabolism) enters the cycle.
    • Generates NADH, FADH₂, and ATP.

    CARBOHYDRATE MRTABOLISM
    CARBOHYDRATE MRTABOLISM
    Oxidative Phosphorylation:

    • Involvesthe electron transport chain and chemiosmosis in the


    inner mitochondrial membrane.
    • NADH and FADH₂ donate electrons to produce ATP.
    • Oxygen is the final electron acceptor

    CARBOHYDRATE MRTABOLISM
    CARBOHYDRATE MRTABOLISM
    Glycogenesis:

    • The synthesis of glycogen from glucose.


    • Occurs in the liver and muscles.
    • Storage form of glucose.

    CARBOHYDRATE MRTABOLISM
    Glycogenolysis:

    • Breakdown of glycogen into glucose.


    • Provides a rapid source of glucose for energy.
    • Important during periods of increased energy demand.
    • Hexose Monophosphate Shunt (Pentose Phosphate Pathway):
    • Runs parallel to glycolysis.
    • GeneratesNADPH for biosynthetic processes and produces ribose-
    5-phosphate for nucleotide synthesis.

    CARBOHYDRATE MRTABOLISM
    CARBOHYDRATE MRTABOLISM
    CONCLUSION
    • Dietary carbohydrates are a primary energy source.
    • Understanding carbohydrate metabolism is crucial for
    comprehending how cells derive energy,
    • maintain glucose homeostasis, and regulate various physiological
    processes.
    • Dysregulation in carbohydrate metabolism is associated with
    conditions like diabetes mellitus
    • and can have significant health implications.

    CARBOHYDRATE MRTABOLISM

    You might also like