Matter and Its Properties

MATTER AND ITS PROPERTIES
Branches of Chemistry
 Organic Chemistry- is the study of the compounds
of carbon.
 Inorganic Chemistry – is the study of all elements
and compounds other than organic compounds.
 Physical Chemistry – is the study of the theoretical
aspects of the structure and changes of matter.
 Analytical Chemistry – is the study of what is
present and how much is present.
 Biochemistry – is the study of the chemistry of
biologically important elements and compounds.
Matter:
It’s what the world is made of.

What is matter?
 Matter is anything that has mass
and takes up space.
What do you know about
matter?
Solid Gases
s
Liquid Plasma
s
Solids
 Solids have definite
shape and definite
volume.
 Solids have mass.
 Solids take up space.
Read more!
Particles in Solids:
 Are packed tightly
together
 Have very little

energy
 Vibrate in place
Liquids
 Liquids take the
shape of their
container and have
definite volume.
 Liquids have mass.
 Liquids take up space.
Read more!
Particles in Liquids:
 Are loosely
packed
 Have medium
energy levels
 Particles flow
around each
other
Gases
 Gases spread out
to fill the entire
space given and
do not have
definite volume.
 Gases have mass.
 Gases take up
space.
Read more!
Particles in Gases:
 Move freely
 Have LOTS of
energy
Plasma
 Lightning is a plasma.
 Used in fluorescent light
bulbs and Neon lights.
 Plasma is a lot like a
gas, but the particles
are electrically
charged.
Read more!
Particles in Plasma:
 Are electrically
charged
 Have EXTREMELY
high energy levels
STATES of matter?
What would it take for matter to move

from one state to another?
Energy determines the
state!
Properties
- are the specific characteristics
that describe matter
 Matter can be identified using its specific
properties
 All matter has the general properties of mass,
weight, volume, and density
 Other properties are physical or chemical
– Physical: Does not change the identity of the
matter
– Chemical: Changes the matter in determining
the property
Physical vs. Chemical
 Physical properties: observe
without changing the identity of
the substance
 Chemical properties: observe only
when the identity changes
 How do you know if it is chemical
or physical? – If it CHanges, it’s
CHemical
Physical properties
• Physical properties can be observed or
measured without changing the identity
of the matter.
• Basically, properties you notice when
using one of your five senses:
– Feel - mass, volume, texture
– Sight - color
– Hear
– Smell
– Taste
Some Physical Properties
• Boiling Point – Temperature that substance turns from a liquid to
a gas
• Color
• Conductivity – How easily electrical current and heat pass
through an object
• Density – Relative mass to volume
• Ductility – How easily something bends
• Freezing Point – Temperature that a substance turns from a
liquid to a solid
• Hardness
• Luster – How shiny something is
• Malleability – How easily something can be flattened into a sheet
• Mass – Measure of how much matter there is
• Melting Point- Temperature that a substance turns from a solid to
a liquid
• Odor
• Solubility – How easily something dissolves
The physical properties of matter are
further classified into
 Intensive Properties
Independent of the amount of the substance
that is present.
Examples: Density, boiling point, color,
etc.
 Extensive Properties
Dependent upon the amount of the substance
present.
Examples: Mass, volume, energy, etc.
Chemical properties
A common chemical property is

reactivity.
–Reactive to oxygen
–Reactive to air
–Reactive to water…
• Notice that chemical properties

aren’t EASY to observe, unlike physical
properties
CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER
PURE SUBSTANCES
 Are also known as substances.
 Have a constant composition.
• Examples:
• H2O, O2 (no matter how they
are prepared, they will always have this
ratio of atoms)
H2O2
ELEMENTS
 Elements contain only one single type of atom
(found on the Periodic Table of Elements.)
 Simplest form of matter that has its own
unique set of properties.
 Cannot be separated by physical or chemical
changes.
COMPOUNDS
 Two or more atoms that are CHEMICALLY
combined.
 Have their own unique properties that can
differ from the elements that make up that
compound.
 Can be separated by a chemical change.
Examples include:
 Sodium Chloride (Table Salt)
 Ammonia
MIXTURES
 Two or more substances that are
PHYSICALLY combined. (not bonded)
 Substances retain their own properties.
 Can be separated into components by
physical changes. (ex: filtering)
HETEROGENEOUS MIXTURE
 An uneven mixture of particles
 Have visible differences
 Are easily separated by filtration.
Examples include:
 Sand and Water
 Oil and Water
 Salt & Pepper
HOMOGENEOUS MIXTURE
 Have no visible differences until you reach the
atomic or molecular level.
 Also known as solutions
 Can be separated back into the pure
substances
Examples include:
 Air
 Salt water
 Tap Water
 Metal Alloys (brass,
sterling silver, or steel)

Matter and Its Properties

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Matter and Its Properties

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Matter and Its Properties

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

MATTER AND ITS PROPERTIES

It’s what the world is made of.

 Have very little

What would it take for matter to move

A common chemical property is

• Notice that chemical properties

You might also like