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Module 3

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15 views

Module 3

Uploaded by

vaughnninolugue
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MODULE 1: NATURE AND

INQUIRY OF
RESEARCH
At the end of this module, you will be
able to:
1. Describe the characteristics,
strengths, weaknesses, and kinds of
quantitative research.
2. Illustrate the importance of
quantitative research across fields.
3. Differentiate the kinds of variables
and their uses.
MAJOR APPROACHES USED IN RESEARCH

 Qualitative approach aims to description


of characteristics, kind, and quality of a
subject, while interpreting and attempting
to understand an event. It is mostly done
in social sciences studies.
Examples: The lived experiences of male
convicts, the emotions of people who
suffered from the loss of a loved one, and
the perspective of a politician regarding
morality.
Advantages:
Disadvantages:
 Quantitative approach tests
hypotheses and makes predictions
through measured amounts, and
ultimately describes an event by using
numerical figures. Statistical analysis is
therefore applied to interpret the
numbers obtained from the data.
Objectivity results is a guarantee.
Examples:

Advantages:

Advantages:
 Mixed method approach involves
collection and analysis of data using
quantitative and qualitative approaches to
be able to address the disadvantages of
the two approaches and provide better
understanding of data. Using the
quantitative method will strengthen the
results obtained from qualitative data.
Examples:

Advantages:

Disadvantages:
QUANTITATIVE APPROACH: AN OVERVIEW
 Main Characteristics of the Quantitative
Approach
1. The data are usually gathered using more
structured research instruments.
2. The results are based on larger sample
sizes that are representative of the
population.
3. The research study can usually be
replicated or repeated, given its high
reliability.
4. The researcher has a clearly defined
research question to which objectivity
answers are sought.
5. All aspects of the study are carefully
designed before data are collected.
6. Data are in the form of numbers and
statistics.
7. The project can be used to
generalize concepts more widely,
predict future results, or investigate
causal relationships.
8. The researcher uses questionnaires
or other forms of research tools to
collect numerical data.
STRENGTHS OF THE
QUANTITATIVE APPROACH
1. Quantitative approach involves a
greater number of subjects and
enables a broader study, as well as
enhancing the generalization of the
results.
2. Study results are more objective and
accurate. Usually, to support a certain
generalization by using a summary of
data, quantitative research employs
certain procedures on a few variables
to ensure the reliability of data.
3. Quantitative research, when the
right procedure is used, can be
replicated, as well as analyzed in
comparison with other similar
works.
4. You can summarize vast sources of
information and make comparisons
across categories and over time.
5. Personal bias can be avoided by
keeping a “distance” from
participating subjects and
LIMITATIONS OF THE
QUANTITATIVE APPROACH
1. Quantitative data, while they can test a
hypothesis, may be limited in explaining
their context. This is because the
explanation often focuses on numerical
results as basis.
2. The research is often conducted in an
artificial setting, where a certain level of
control is exercised. Because of this, the
results may not necessarily reflect the real-
life situation presented in the problem.
Additionally, the use of research tools may
only reflect the researcher’s point of view
TYPES OF QUANTITATIVE
RESEARCH
The following are the different types
used when quantitative approach is
considered:
1. Descriptive research

a. Correlation research
b. Survey
2. Causal – comparative research

3. Experimental research

a. True experimental
b. Quasi - experimental
DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH
 It involves the collection of data to
either test a hypothesis or describe
the variables mentioned in the study.
 Data, which are typically numeric,

are collected through surveys,


interviews, or observations.
 Most researches in science and
technology, engineering, and social
sciences use this type of quantitative
approach.
CORRELATION RESEARCH
It attempts to determine the
level of relation between two
or more quantifiable
variables.
The correlation between two

variables does not mean that


one variable causes the other,
but it can be used to predict
their values.
CAUSAL – COMPARATIVE RESEARCH
 It attempts to establish cause-effect
relationships among the variables of the
study.
 In this research, the independent variable

usually involves a demographic


(e.g.,gender, race, social status) in which
the researcher has no control of.
 The researcher will test how the
independent variable will cause a
significant effect on the dependent
variable, which is the outcome of the
study.
EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
Itis similar to causal-comparative
research, in that it also measures
the effect of the independent
variable (cause) to the dependent
variable (effect); however, the
researcher can control the
independent variables in the
study, wherein the participants
are randomly assigned.

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