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Text Classification Week 6

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Tayyaba Abbas
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14 views

Text Classification Week 6

Uploaded by

Tayyaba Abbas
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to NLP

Dr. Gulshan Saleem


Assistant Professor-FOIT
Text Classification
• Understand how NLP enables machines to comprehend and classify text.
• Explore the significance of Words and Sequence Analysis in text
classification.
• Learn various text classification techniques: Rule-based, Machine
Learning, Hybrid systems.
• Discover real-world applications like sentiment analysis, spam detection,
and topic categorization.
• Implement a sentiment analysis model using 50,000 IMDB reviews with
TensorFlow.

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What is Text Classification
• Categorizes text into predefined labels
or classes.
• Applications:
• Sentiment Analysis: Positive,
Negative, Neutral.
• Spam Detection: Spam or Not Spam.
• Topic Labeling: News categories like
Sports, Politics, Tech.
• Analyzes patterns and features in text to
assign labels automatically.

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Applications of Text
Classification in NLP
• Sentiment Analysis: Gauge user opinions (IMDB reviews, tweets).
• Spam Detection: Identify unwanted emails or messages.
• Topic Labeling: Classify documents by topic.
• Language Identification: Detect text language.
• Customer Feedback Analysis: Extract insights from reviews.
• Product Classification: Label products in e-commerce.
• Social Media Monitoring: Track and analyze posts.
• Fraud Detection: Identify risky financial activities.

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Techniques for Text
Classification
• Rule-based Systems:
• Use handcrafted linguistic rules.
• Example: Keywords like "Trump" → Politics, "Ronaldo" → Sports.
• Machine Learning-Based Systems:
• Train on labeled data using algorithms like Naive Bayes, SVM, or deep learning.
• Use Bag of Words, TF-IDF, or embeddings for feature extraction.
• Hybrid Systems:
• Combine rule-based and machine learning approaches.
• Rules handle edge cases, and ML generalizes to unseen data.

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BoW

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Hybrid System

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Words and Sequence
Analysis
• Methods include text classification, vector semantics, word embeddings, and
probabilistic language models.
• Sequence labeling assigns labels to each token in text.
• Parsing determines syntactic structure using grammar rules.

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Word2VEC

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Real-World Example:
Sentiment Analysis
• Dataset: 50,000 IMDB movie reviews.
• Task: Classify reviews as positive or negative.
• Steps:
• Data Cleaning: Remove noise, tokenize text.
• Text Representation: Use Bag of Words, TF-IDF, or embeddings.
• Modeling: Train a bidirectional LSTM sentiment classifier.
• Evaluation: Assess accuracy, F1 score, confusion matrix.

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50,000 IMDB movie reviews
Dataset

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Comparative Performance

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Sentiment Analysis Code
Example
• Use TensorFlow and TensorFlow Datasets for implementation.
• Import the IMDB dataset.
• Preprocess text: Tokenize and pad sequences.
• Build a bidirectional LSTM model.
Model Results
• Test Accuracy: ~85% on the IMDB dataset.
• Evaluate using:
• Confusion Matrix: Shows True Positives, False Negatives, etc.
• Classification Report: Precision, Recall, F1 score.
• Insights:
• Handles sentiment nuances like "not bad" (positive).

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Advantages and Challenges
•Advantages:
• Automates organizing and filtering large text datasets.
• Enables sentiment analysis for customer feedback.
• Improves spam detection and topic categorization.

•Challenges:
• Requires labeled data for supervised learning.
• Struggles with out-of-vocabulary (OOV) words.
• Context handling is limited in simpler models.

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Summary
• Text classification is foundational in NLP, enabling diverse
applications.
• Techniques include rule-based, machine learning, and hybrid
systems.
• Real-world example: Sentiment analysis with TensorFlow.
• Advanced models (e.g., BERT, GPT) further improve accuracy
and context handling.

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Thank You 

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