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    Compre1_Lec04

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    Compre1_Lec04

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    9 views25 pages

    Compre1_Lec04

    Uploaded by

    kxvnm19

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES

    NUEVA ECIJA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY


    CABANATUAN CITY, NUEVA ECIJA

    COMPREHENSIVE EXAMINATION 1

    MODULE 4
    INSTRUCTOR: Engr. Derick Aldrin L. Esteban
    SURVEYIN
    G
    Tape Corrections
    Curvature and Refraction
    Level Surveying
    Traverse Surveying
    Route Surveying
    Volume Approximations
    TOO LONG

    TAPE
    CORRECTION

    STANDARD

    TOO SHORT
    TAPE CORRECTION
    𝑻𝑫 = 𝑴𝑫 ± 𝒆
    Or:
    When MEASURING: When MEASURING:
    Too short: = True Distance
    Too long: = Measured Distance

    When LAYING OUT: When LAYING OUT:


    Too short: = Distance to be laid out
    Too long: = Distance on the tape
    SAMPLE
    PROBLEM # 1

    A surveyor using a tape that has


    a certified length of 29.992m
    measures the distance between
    points A and B, 123.456m.
    • What is the correct length of
    the tape?
    • What is the measurement
    must an engineer layout if she
    is using a tape that has a
    certified length of 29.989m?
    TAPE CORRECTION
    TEMPERATURE CORRECTION PULL CORRECTION
    (Added or Subtracted) (Added or Subtracted)

    Where: Where:
    TAPE CORRECTION
    SAG CORRECTION NORMAL TENSION, P
    (Subtracted)

    Where: The pull to correct the sag.


    TAPE CORRECTION
    SLOPE CORRECTION MEAN SEA LEVEL
    (Subtracted) CORRECTION

    Where:
    at M.S.L.

    Where:

    (use +h if above sea level; ―h if


    below sea level)
    SAMPLE
    PROBLEM # 2
    A line is measured with the tape,
    suspended on supports, under the pull of
    150N and a mean temperature of 15°C.
    The lengths of various spans and the
    difference in level between two ends of
    each span is given on the table. The tape is
    standardized while being flat under a pull
    of 100N at 20°C. Determine the correct
    Check w=0.03kg/m, Pull is in N
    length of the line measured.
    SPAN LENGTH (m) DIFFERENCE IN LEVELS
    (m)

    1 49.895 +0.542

    2 49.950 -0.458

    3 49.835 +0.641

    4 49.985 -0.695

    Cross Sectional Area of the tape

    Mass of the tape

    Coefficient of Linear Expansion

    Modulus of Elasticity
    EFFECT OF
    CURVATURE
    AND
    REFRACTIO
    N
    hr

    hc

    Where:
    k = horizontal distance
    in kilometers
    SAMPLE
    PROBLEM # 3
    x
    20―x

    A man’s eyes 1.75 m above


    sea level can barely see the
    top of a lighthouse which is at
    a certain distance away from
    a man. What is the elevation
    of the top of the lighthouse
    above sea level if the
    lighthouse is 20 km away
    from the man?
    SAMPLE
    PROBLEM # 4
    𝑩
    𝑨 𝑪
    Point A is between B and C. The
    distances of points B and C from h𝑐𝑟 (𝐵) 1000 2000 h𝑐𝑟 (𝐶)
    point A are 1000 m and 2000 m,
    respectively. Measured from
    point A, the angle of elevation of
    point B is 18°30’ while that of C
    is 8°15’. Compute the difference
    in elevation of B and C
    considering the effects of Earth’s
    curvature and refraction.
    𝑥
    𝑥
    SAMPLE 7 20
    8 00
    600 𝑩
    PROBLEM # 5 𝑨 𝑪
    THREE-HILL PROBLEM

    Two hills A and C have elevations of 600m


    and 800m respectively. In between A and C
    is another hill B which has an elevation of
    720m and is located 12km from A and 10km
    from C.
    • Find the height to be reduced from hill B
    so that station C will be visible from A.
    • What height of the tower must be
    constructed at C so that it could be visible
    from A with the line of sight having a
    clearance of 2m above hill B?
    • What height of equal towers A and C that
    could be constructed so that A, B, and C
    will be intervisible with 2m clearance at
    B?
    DIFFERENTIAL
    LEVELLING
    𝑨

    𝑨
    SAMPLE
    PROBLEM # 6
    STA BS FS ELEV
    The following shows a tabulated data of a
    differential leveling notes: 1 5.87 SUBT ADD - 125.25
    RACT
    2 7.03 6.29 124.83
    STA BS FS ELEV
    3 3.48 6.25 125.61
    1 5.87 - 125.25
    4 7.25 7.08 122.01
    2 7.03 6.29
    5 10.19 5.57 123.69
    3 3.48 6.25
    6 9.29 4.45 129.43
    4 7.25 7.08
    7 - 4.94 133.78
    5 10.19 5.57
    6 9.29 4.45
    7 - 4.94

    Determine the elevation of STA. 7


    TRAVERSE Departure
    SURVEYING

    L Latitude

    DMD Method:
    Course Bearing Distance Departu Latitude
    re
    -122.6305 77.6736
    1-2 N 57°39’ W 145.16 m
    -76.7954 -289.9994
    SAMPLE 2-3 - - 43.7193 -44.1025
    PROBLEM # 7 3-4 S 44°45’ E 62.10 m
    155.7066 256.4283
    4-1 N 31°16’ E 300 m
    A school has the following dimensions. Find
    the cost of the lot if it cost ₱3.1M per
    hectare.

    Cours Bearing Distanc


    e e
    1-2 N 57°39’ W 145.16
    m
    2-3 - -
    3-4 S 44°45’ E 62.10 m
    4-1 N 31°16’ E 300 m
    DMD Rule 1: The first DMD is the departure of the first
    course.
    Rule 2: The next DMDs is equal to the preceding DMD +
    Departure of the preceding course + DMD of the
    SAMPLE course itself .
    Rule 3: TheDepartu
    DMD of the last course DMD
    is equal to theDA
    PROBLEM # 7 Departure of the
    Course
    re last course but in opposite sign.
    Latitude
    -122.6305 77.6736 -122.6305 -
    A school has the following dimensions. Find 1-2
    the cost of the lot if it cost ₱3.1M per -76.7954 -289.9994 -322.0564 9525.1524 93396.1627
    hectare. 2-3 1
    43.7193 7
    -44.1025 -355.1325 15662.231
    3-4
    Cours Bearing Distanc 155.7066 256.4283 -155.7066 -08
    e e 4-1 39927.5787
    1-2 N 57°39’ W 145.16 4
    m
    2-3 - -
    3-4 S 44°45’ E 62.10 m
    4-1 N 31°16’ E 300 m
    ROUTE
    SURVEYING

    Degree of Curve, D
    ARC BASIS
    - Each degree of the central angle subtends a
    20m arc.

    CHORD BASIS
    - Each degree of the central angle subtends a
    20m chord
    SAMPLE
    PROBLEM # 8
    A simple curve has a
    degree of 4°. The tangents
    intersect at 36°. Determine
    the following:
    • Radius of the curve.
    • Length of the curve.
    • Length of the tangent.
    • Length of the long chord.
    ROUTE
    SURVEYING
    COMPOUND CURVE
    = Common Tangent
    C = Long Chord of the curve
    PCC = Point of Compound Curve

    REVERSE CURVE
    • Parallel Tangents, Equal Radii
    • Parallel Tangents, Unequal
    Radii
    • Non-parallel Tangents, Equal
    Radii
    • Non-parallel Tangents, Unequal
    Radii
    ROUTE
    SURVEYING

    VERTICAL
    (SYMMETRICAL
    PARABOLIC) CURVES
    SAMPLE
    PROBLEM # 9

    A vertical summit curve 𝒈 𝟐 − 𝒈𝟏


    has its highest point of the ∆ 𝒈=
    𝑳
    curve at a distance of 48m
    By similar triangles
    from the PT. The back
    tangent and forward
    tangent has a grade of
    +6% and -4%. Determine
    the length of the vertical
    summit curve in km.
    EARTHWOR
    KS

    BORROW PIT
    METHOD
    SAMPLE
    PROBLEM #
    10
    A 60m x 40m lot is divided
    into six parts with 20m spacing
    which is to be graded to form a
    horizontal plane of elevation
    10m. The elevation of the
    ground surface at each corner
    of each part are shown on the
    table. Determine the volume SOLUTION 2:
    that is to be excavated to level
    the elevation.

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