THE MAKING

OF A GLOBAL
WORLD
Global history explores the interconnectedness of
different societies across the globe. It examines the
exchange of ideas, goods, and people across continents,
and how these interactions have shaped our world today.
BY SARTHAK ORKE...
THE PRE-MODERN WORLD
1 Early Civilizations
Ancient civilizations, like the Egyptians, Greeks, Romans, and
Chinese, developed sophisticated cultures and technologies.

2 Trade Networks
Silk Road, Indian Ocean Trade, and Trans-Saharan Trade Routes
connected distant regions, facilitating exchange of goods, ideas,
and knowledge.

3 Religious and Cultural Diffusion

Spread of religions like Buddhism, Christianity, and Islam through
trade and migration led to cultural exchange and blending.
SILK ROUTES LINK THE
WORLD
Silk Road
The Silk Road was a network of trade routes connecting East
Asia with Central Asia, the Middle East, and Europe.

Exchange of Goods
Silk, spices, textiles, porcelain, and other luxury goods
traveled along the Silk Road, stimulating trade and economic
growth.

Cultural Exchange
The Silk Road facilitated the exchange of ideas, religions,
and cultures between the East and West, influencing art,
literature, and philosophy.
FOOD TRAVELS: SPAGHETTI AND POTA
Spaghetti Potato

Originating in China, pasta spread westward Native to the Andes, the potato was introduced
through trade routes, reaching Italy by the 13th to Europe by Spanish conquistadors in the 16th
century. It became a staple food, with variations century. Its high yield and adaptability made it
like spaghetti and lasagne emerging in different a vital food source, helping to alleviate food
regions. shortages and fueling population growth.
CONQUEST, DISEASE AND TRADE
European Exploration
European exploration and conquest in the 15th and 16th centuries led to the
discovery of new lands and the establishment of colonial empires.

Columbian Exchange
The exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and cultures between the Old
World and the New World, known as the Columbian Exchange, had a profound
impact on global history.

Disease Transmission
The introduction of new diseases like smallpox and measles to the Americas
had devastating consequences for indigenous populations.
THE NINETEENTH CENTURY
(1815-1914
A WORLD ECONOMY TAKES
SHAPE.
1 Industrial Revolution
The Industrial Revolution in Europe led to advances in technology, production, and
transportation, transforming economies and societies.

2 Global Trade Expansion

The Industrial Revolution spurred global trade expansion, as industrialized nations
sought raw materials and markets for their manufactured goods.

3 Rise of Capitalism
The rise of capitalism, with its emphasis on private ownership and free markets,
facilitated economic growth and globalization.

4 New Imperialism
European powers expanded their colonial empires, seeking resources, markets,
and strategic advantage in a globalized world.
ROLE OF TECHNOLOGY
Invention Impact

Steam Engine Revolutionized

transportation, facilitating
trade and communication.

Telegraph Enabled instant

communication across
continents, fostering global
trade and diplomacy.

Railways Improved transportation

networks, connecting cities
and regions, facilitating
trade and migration.
LATE NINETEENTH - CENTURY
COLONIALISM

British Empire French Empire

The British Empire was one of the largest empires The French Empire colonized territories in
in history, extending its control over vast Southeast Asia, Africa, and the Caribbean,
territories in Asia, Africa, and the Americas. extracting resources and establishing trade
networks.
RINDERPEST OR THE CATTLE
PLAGUE

Disease Outbreak
Rinderpest, a highly contagious viral disease, ravaged cattle populations across Africa in
the late 19th century.

Economic Impact
The outbreak had devastating economic consequences for African societies, disrupting
livestock production and food security.

Spread
The disease spread rapidly through trade routes, highlighting the interconnectedness of
global economies and the vulnerability to disease outbreaks.

Control and Eradication

Through vaccination campaigns and improved animal management practices,
rinderpest was eventually eradicated in the 20th century.
INDENTURED LABOUR
MIGRATION FOR INDIA
1 British Colonial Expansion
British colonialism in the 19th century led to a demand for labor in its
colonies, particularly in the Caribbean and South Africa.

2 Indentured Labor System

The indentured labor system involved contracting workers from India to
work on plantations and other industries in British colonies.

3 Migration Patterns
Millions of Indians migrated to various parts of the British Empire,
contributing to the development of new societies and cultures.

4 Legacy of Indentured Labor

The legacy of indentured labor continues to shape the social and cultural
landscape of many post-colonial societies.
Indian Entrepreneurs Abroad
1 Trade Networks
Indian merchants and traders established extensive networks across the globe,
connecting Asia, Africa, and Europe.

2 Diaspora Communities
They created communities that fostered cultural exchange and economic
development in their adopted countries.

3 Business Innovation
Indian entrepreneurs introduced new goods, services, and business practices
to diverse markets.

4 Global Impact
Their contributions shaped the global economic landscape and fostered
intercultural connections.
Indian Tread, Colonialism and
the Global System
1 Colonial Expansion
European powers, particularly Britain, expanded their colonial empires,
exploiting resources and labor in India and other colonies.

2 Global Trade
Colonialism created a global trade system centered on European
dominance, integrating colonies into a global market.

3 Economic Dependence
India's economy became dependent on colonial markets and industries,
creating a cycle of exploitation.

4 Political Impacts
Colonialism sparked nationalist movements and anti-colonial resistance,
ultimately leading to independence for many nations.

orientation=horizontal
The Inter-War Economy & Wartime
Transformations
Economic Instability Technological Shifting Power Dynamics
Advancements
The First World War led to The war reshaped global
economic instability, inflation, Wartime innovations, such as power dynamics, with the rise
and unemployment, automobiles, airplanes, and of the United States and the
impacting the global radio communication, fueled decline of European
economy. technological progress and dominance.
industrial growth.
Post-War Recovery
Reconstruction Efforts
Nations focused on rebuilding infrastructure, economies,
and social structures after the devastation of war.

International Cooperation
International organizations like the League of Nations were
formed to promote peace and cooperation.

Economic Growth
The global economy experienced a period of rapid growth,
fueled by technological advancements and increased
consumer demand.

orientation=horizontal
Rise of Mass Production and
Consumption

Fordism
Henry Ford's assembly line revolutionized manufacturing, leading to mass production
and lower prices for consumer goods.

Consumerism
Increased availability and affordability of goods fueled consumerism and a shift towards
a consumption-driven economy.

Advertising
The rise of advertising played a key role in shaping consumer preferences and driving
demand for new products.
The Great Depression
Stock Market Crash The 1929 stock market crash
triggered a global economic
downturn.

Bank Failures Thousands of banks collapsed,

causing widespread financial
instability and loss of savings.

Unemployment Unemployment soared, reaching

record levels in many countries,
leading to widespread hardship
and poverty.

International Trade Decline International trade plummeted as

countries imposed tariffs and
protectionist measures.
India and the Great
Depression
Economic Impact
The Great Depression significantly impacted India's economy,
leading to a decline in agricultural prices and industrial production.

Social Consequences
Widespread unemployment and poverty increased social unrest and
fueled nationalist movements.

Political Implications
The Depression further weakened the British Empire and
strengthened the Indian independence movement.
Rebuilding a World Economy:
The Post-War Era
1 Economic Recovery
After the devastation of World War II, nations focused on rebuilding their
economies and societies.

2 International Cooperation
The Bretton Woods Agreement established a new international financial
system, promoting economic stability and growth.

3 Technological Advancements
The Cold War fueled technological innovation, particularly in the areas of
aviation, computing, and nuclear energy.

4 Global Trade Expansion

Trade liberalization and the rise of multinational corporations led to a surge
in global trade and investment.

orientation=horizontal
Post-War Settlement and the
Bretton Woods Institutions

World Bank International Monetary Fund (IMF)

Established to provide financial assistance to Created to stabilize international currencies and
developing countries and promote economic promote global financial cooperation.
development.
The Early
Post-War
Years
The end of World War II brought about a period of
reconstruction and economic growth. This period was
characterized by the rise of the United States as a global
superpower, the establishment of new international
institutions, and the emergence of the Cold War.
Decolonization and
Independence
1 Rise of Nationalism
The war weakened colonial powers and fueled nationalist
movements in colonized territories.

2 Independence Movements
These movements gained momentum and fought for self-
determination, leading to the granting of independence to many
colonies.

3 New Nations Emerge

The emergence of new independent nations reshaped the
global political landscape and contributed to the rise of the Non-
Aligned Movement.
End of Bretton Woods and
Beginning of "Globalization"
Bretton Woods System End of Fixed Rise of Globalization
Exchange Rates
The Bretton Woods system, The end of Bretton Woods
established after World War The system collapsed in the paved the way for the rise of
II, aimed to regulate 1970s, leading to a transition globalization, characterized
international monetary to floating exchange rates by increased international
relations and promote global and increased global financial trade, investment, and
economic stability. integration. interconnectedness.
THANK YOU
MADE BY SARTHAK ORKE

CLASS 10

HISTORY