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lecture 2

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3 views

lecture 2

Ffgjvd

Uploaded by

a.jamil1865
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 47

Ergonomics principles applied to

dental clinic
)patient and operator position(

.
.

Dr. Eman Gylan


Introduction

Before any clinical procedure


ensure the patient and operator
.position
:Choice of position depend on
• The operator
• The type of procedure
• The area of the mouth involved
in the operation
Objectives
 The ideal posture gives the dentist:
• Optimal working condition (access,
visibility, control in mouth)
• Physical and psychological comfort.
 A “ good “ posture provides the dentist:
• More working energy
• A reduced stress level
• Increased comfort, lack of pain and
muscular tension.
• Lower risk for therapeutical errors.
Objectives
 A “bad” posture induced:
• Premature fatigue, pain, stress,
and a negative
attitude to work
• High risk for musculoskeletal
disorders
• A poor quality of work.
Dental chair Positions
• Modern dental chairs are designed to provide total
body support and comfort in any position.
• The patient should be seated in such a way that all
his body parts are well supported.
Dental chair Positions

Common positions for


:dental procedures
Upright position .1
Almost supine .2
Reclined at 45ºto the .3
floor
Emergency position *
Dental chair Positions
 Upright position:
• Initial position of chair from which further adjustment s are
made
• In the upright position, the back of the chair is placed at a
90 degree angle.
• This position is used for patient entry and dismissal.
• It may also be used when radiographs are exposed and
when impressions are taken.
Dental chair Positions

 Reclined 45 degree position :


In this position chair is reclined at 45º
Mandibular occlusal surfaces are almost
at 45º to the floor.
Dental chair Positions

 Almost Supine position:


• Universal position for all working
procedures
• Patient head, knees and feet are
approximately at the same position.
Emergency position
 Patient’s head should not be lower than feet
except in case of syncopal attack.
 Place the patient into a supine position with legs
elevated, thus allowing gravity to restore blood
flow from the lower extremities back to the heart,
increasing cardiac output, and restoring blood flow
to the brain.
Operator position
Operator positions are referred as (clock positions)
: There are 4 operative positions
o 7 o’ clock position (right front position patients)
o 9 o’ clock position to the side of the patients
head
o 10 to 11 o’ clock position to the back of the
patient’s head
o 12 o’ clock position, directly behind the
patient’s head
Zones of Activity for a Right-handed Dentist
.

Zones of Activity for a Left-handed Dentist


Operator position

o’ clock position (right front 7


position)
:For examination and work on
 Mandibular anterior teeth.
 Mandibular posterior teeth.
 Maxillary anterior teeth.
 Mandibular Arch : – anterior surfaces
facing towards the operator, Patients
head position should be slightly
toward operator and chin down.
 Maxillary Arch: anterior surfaces
facing towards the operator, Patients
head should be slightly towards
operator and chin-up
Operator position
The 9 o'clock position (right position)
 In this position, dentist sits exactly right to the patient
 Working areas include:
• Facial surfaces of maxillary right posterior teeth
• Facial surfaces of mandibular right posterior teeth
• Occlusal surfaces of mandibular right posterior teeth
• Mandibular Arch – Posterior Surfaces facing towards the operator –patient head
slightly away from Operator, chin down
• Maxillary Arch – Posterior Surface facing towards the Operator– patient head
slightly away from the Operator, chin – up

-
Operator position
:The 11 o'clock position ( right rear
position)
 Directly vision: vision viewed directly
on all mandibular teeth
 Indirectly vision: vision viewed on the
mouth mirror the lingual and occlusal
surfaces of maxillary teeth.
• This is preferred position for most of
the dental procedures
• The operator is behind and slightly to
the right of patient and the left arms
positioned around the patients head.
• Mandibular Arch – Posterior Surface
facing away from the Operator–
Towards the Operator and chin-down
• Maxillary Arch – Posterior surfaces
Operator position
o'clock position (direct rear position) 12
:For examination and work on
 The facial surfaces of mandibular and
maxillary anterior teeth
 The lingual surfaces of mandibular
and maxillary anterior teeth
 The operator is located directly
behind the patient and looks down
over the patient head.
 Mandibular Arch – Anterior Surfaces
away from operator –– Patients head
should be slightly towards operator
and chin-down
 Maxillary Arch – Anterior Surfaces
away from operator –– Patients head
should be slightly towards operator
and chin-up
Operator position
The Universal Seated Position for the
Operator:
1. Forearm parallel to the floor
2. Thighs parallel to the floor Hip angle
of 90 degrees
3. Seat height positioned low enough so
that the heels of your feet touch the
floor
Operator position

4. When working from clock positions


9-12:00, feet spread apart so that your
legs and the chair base form a tripod
which creates a stable position.
5. Avoid positioning your legs behind
the patient’s chair.
Operator position
6.Back of the operator should be
always straight.
7. Head erect and should not be bent
of drooping.
8. Elbows close to the body.
Operator position
Standing position
General considerations
• The patient’s head should be
rotated according to need of
operator
• During working maxillary occlusal
surfaces should be perpendicular
to the floor and for mandibular
occlusal surface should be 45
degrees
• The operator should maintain
space between the patient as
while reading a book.
ILLUMINATION

• The operator should be well


illuminated either by natural or
artificial light.
• If the light is kept too close , it
impairs the physical movement
of operator & also increases
patient discomfort due to heat
production.
• If the light is kept far away, it
.

The correct distance of the overhead light to the operator


field (patient mouth) must be 70-80cm
LIGHTING
Operator stools
• The design of the stool is important.
• It should be sturdy and well balanced
to prevent tipping/gliding away from
dental chair.
• It should be well padded with cushion
edges and should be adjusted up and
down.
• A well designed stool increases
operator comfort and reduces fatigue.
.

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