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    28-FTP-14-11-2024

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    ftp

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    28-FTP-14-11-2024

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    abhissunita763
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    ftp

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    ftp

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    3 views11 pages

    28-FTP-14-11-2024

    Uploaded by

    abhissunita763
    ftp

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
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    File Transfer Protocol

    File Transfer Protocol


    • File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is the standard mechanism provided by
    TCP/IP for copying a file from one host to another.
    • Differs from other client/server applications in that it establishes two
    connections between the hosts. One connection is used for data
    transfer, the other for control information (commands and
    responses).
    Communication over Control
    Connection
    • FTP uses the same approach as SMTP to communicate across the
    control connection. It uses the 7-bit ASCII character set.
    • Communication is achieved through commands and responses. This
    simple method is adequate for the control connection because we
    send one command (or response) at a time.
    • Each command or response is only one short line, so we need not
    worry about file format or file structure.
    • Each line is terminated with a two-character (carriage return and line
    feed) end-of-line token
    Communication over Data
    Connection
    • file transfer in FTP means one of three things:
    • o A file is to be copied from the server to the client. This is called
    retrieving aft/e. It is done under the supervision of the RETR command.
    • o A file is to be copied from the client to the server. This is called
    storing aft/e. It is done under the supervision of the STOR command.
    • o A list of directory or file names is to be sent from the server to the
    client. This is done under the supervision of the LIST command. Note
    that FTP treats a list of directory or file names as a file. It is sent over
    the data connection.
    File Type
    • FTP can transfer one of the following file types across the data
    connection: an ASCII file, EBCDIC file, or image file.
    • The ASCII file is the default format for transferring text files. Each
    character is encoded using 7-bit ASCII. The sender transforms the file
    from its own representation into ASCII characters, and the receiver
    transforms the ASCII characters to its own representation.
    • If one or both ends of the connection use EBCDIC encoding (the file
    format used by IBM), the file can be transferred using EBCDIC
    encoding.
    • The image file is the default format for transferring binary files.
    Data Structure
    • FTP can transfer a file across the data connection by using one of the
    following interpretations about the structure of the data:
    • file structure, record structure, and page structure.
    • In the file structure format, the file is a continuous stream of bytes. In
    the record structure, the file is divided into records.
    • This can be used only with text files.
    • In the page structure, the file is divided into pages, with each page
    having a page number and a page header.
    • The pages can be stored and accessed randomly or sequentially.
    Transmission Mode
    • FTP can transfer a file across the data connection by using one of the
    following three transmission modes:
    • stream mode,
    • block mode, and
    • compressed mode.
    • The stream mode is the default mode. Data are delivered from FTP to
    TCP as a continuous stream of bytes.
    • If the data are divided into records (record structure), each record will
    have a I-byte end of-record (EOR) character and the end of the file will
    have a I-byte end-of-file (EOF) character. In block mode, data can be
    delivered from FTP to TCP in blocks. In this case, each block is preceded
    by a 3-byte header. The first byte is called the block descriptor; the next
    2 bytes define the size of the block in bytes.
    • In the compressed mode, if the file is big, the data can be compressed.
    The compression method normally used is run-length encoding. In a
    binary file, null characters are usually compressed

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