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2.-Discrete-Probability-Distribution

The document explains the concept of discrete probability distributions, including how to create a frequency distribution and calculate the probabilities of different outcomes. It provides an example of tossing a coin three times, detailing the steps to determine the number of heads and construct the corresponding probability distribution. Additionally, it discusses properties of discrete probability distributions and how to graphically represent them.

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saberon1975
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
2 views

2.-Discrete-Probability-Distribution

The document explains the concept of discrete probability distributions, including how to create a frequency distribution and calculate the probabilities of different outcomes. It provides an example of tossing a coin three times, detailing the steps to determine the number of heads and construct the corresponding probability distribution. Additionally, it discusses properties of discrete probability distributions and how to graphically represent them.

Uploaded by

saberon1975
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Discrete Probability Distribution

Make a frequency distribution of values of the


random variable and determine the probability that
each value of the random variable will occur.
Make a frequency distribution of values of the
random variable and determine the probability that
each value of the random variable will occur.
The resulting distribution is called a probability
distribution of the discrete random variable.
Make a frequency distribution of values of the
random variable and determine the probability that
each value of the random variable will occur.
The resulting distribution is called a probability
distribution of the discrete random variable.

The probability distribution of a discrete random


variable is sometimes called the probability mass
function (pmf).
Example:
A coin is tossed thrice. Let the variable X
represent the number of heads that result from this
experiment.
Example:
A coin is tossed thrice. Let the variable X
represent the number of heads that result from this
experiment.
Step 1. List the Sample Space.
𝑺= { 𝐻𝐻𝐻 , 𝐻𝐻𝑇 , 𝐻𝑇𝐻 , 𝐻𝑇𝑇 ,𝑇𝐻𝐻 ,𝑇𝐻𝑇 ,𝑇𝑇𝐻 ,𝑇𝑇𝑇 }
Step 2. Count the number of heads in each outcome.
Outcome Number of Heads
HHH 3
HHT 2
THH 2
HTH 2
THT 1
TTH 1
HTT 1
TTT 0
Step 3. Construct a frequency distribution.
Number of Occurrence
Number of Heads (X)
(frequency)
3 1

2 3

1 3

0 1

TOTAL 8
Step 4. Construct the probability distribution.
Number of Occurrence Probability
Number of Heads (X)
(frequency) P(X = x)

3 1

2 3

1 3

0 1

TOTAL 8 1
The probability distribution of the random
variable X can be written as

X 3 2 1 0

P(X = x)
Properties of a Discrete Probability Distribution

What do you notice about the probability values


of the random variable in each probability
distribution?
Properties of a Discrete Probability Distribution

What do you notice about the probability values


of the random variable in each probability
distribution?

What is the sum of the probabilities of a random


variable?
Example:
Consider the probability distribution of the
number of Heads.
X 3 2 1 0
P(X = x)

Find the following:


1. P(X = 3)
Example:
Consider the probability distribution of the
number of Heads.
X 3 2 1 0
P(X = x)

Find the following:


1. P(X = 3)
2. P(X = 1)
Example:
Consider the probability distribution of the
number of Heads.
X 3 2 1 0
P(X = x)

Find the following:


1. P(X = 3)
2. P(X = 1)
3. P(X > 1)
Example:
Consider the probability distribution of the
number of Heads.
X 3 2 1 0
P(X = x)

Find the following:


1. P(X = 3) 4. P(X < 2)
2. P(X = 1)
3. P(X > 1)
Example:
Consider the probability distribution of the
number of Heads.
X 3 2 1 0
P(X = x)

Find the following:


1. P(X = 3) 4. P(X < 2)
2. P(X = 1) 5.
3. P(X > 1)
Observe from these examples that each
probability value is less than or equal to one, but
greater than or equal to 0.
Notice also that the sum of all the probabilities
is equal to one.
Finding the Discrete Probability Distribution
Described by a Formula
Example:
Determine whether or not the formula describes
a probability distribution.
where X = 0 , 1 , 3, if it is, find the following:

P(X = 3) P(X 1) P(X 1)


To determine if the formula describes a
probability, substitute the values of the random
variables in the formula to get the corresponding
probability values.
where X = 0 , 1 , 3, if it is, find the following:
X P(X=x)

P(X = 3) P(X 1) P(X 1)


Graphical Presentation of a Discrete Probability
Distribution
Example:
Construct the probability histogram of the
probability distribution of the number of heads.
X 3 2 1 0
P(X = x)
The probability histogram displays the possible
values of a discrete random variable on the
horizontal axis and the probabilities of those values
on the vertical axis.
𝟖
𝟖
𝟑

𝑷 ( 𝑿=𝒙)
𝟖
𝟐
𝟖
𝟏
𝟖

𝟎
𝟎 𝟏 𝟐 𝟑
𝑿

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