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Probability-Distribution

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Jasmine Joyce Carait
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2 views

Probability-Distribution

Uploaded by

Jasmine Joyce Carait
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Probability Distributions

of Discrete Random
Variables
By: Ma’am Rogen
Objectives
●Illustrate the probability distribution for discrete
random variables and its properties;
●Compute probabilities corresponding to a given
discrete random variable; and
●Construct the probability mass function of a
discrete random variable and its corresponding
histogram.
Let’s Recall!
Suppose two coins are tossed, let Z be the
random variable representing the number of heads
that occur. Find the values of the random variable Z.

𝐒= {𝑻𝑻 ,𝑻𝑯,𝑯𝑯,𝑯𝑻 } Possible


Outcomes
Value of the random
variable Z
(Number of heads)
TT 0
The possible values of the 1
TH
random variable Z are 0, 1, and HH 2

2. HT 1
Discrete Probability Distribution

A discrete probability distribution is a


table showing all the possible values of a
discrete random variable together with
their corresponding probabilities.
A probability distribution has
two (2) requirements:

1. Each probability P(x) must be between or


equal to 0 and 1; that is
2. The sum of all probabilities is 1; that is .
Example 1: A fair of coin is tossed twice.
Let X be the number of heads that are
observed.
a) Construct the probability distributions of
X.
b) Find the probability that at least one head
is observed.
𝐒= {𝑻𝑻 ,𝑻𝑯,𝑯𝑯,𝑯𝑻 }
Possible Value of the random a) This is the probability distribution
Outcomes variable X
(Number of heads) of X.
TT 0
X 0 1 2
TH 1
P(X) or or or
HT 1
HH 2
𝐒= {𝑻𝑻 ,𝑻𝑯,𝑯𝑯,𝑯𝑻 }
b) “At least one head”
𝑿≥𝟏
P ( X ≥ 1 )=P (1 ) +P (2)
1 1
P ( X ≥ 1 )= +
2 4
𝟑
𝑷 ( 𝑿 ≥ 𝟏 ) = 𝒐𝒓 𝟎. 𝟕𝟓
𝟒
A histogram that graphically illustrates the
probability distribution is given below.

𝒐𝒓

𝑷𝒓𝒐𝒃𝒂𝒃𝒊𝒍𝒊𝒕𝒚 𝑫𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒓𝒊𝒃𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒇𝒐𝒓 𝑻𝒐𝒔𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒈𝒂 𝑭𝒂𝒊𝒓 𝑪𝒐𝒊𝒏𝑻𝒘𝒊𝒄𝒆


Example 2: A fair of dice is rolled. Let X
denotes the sum of the number of dots on the
top faces.

a) Construct the probability distributions of


X.
b) Find
c) Find the probability that X takes an even
2
7

a)
X 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

P(X)
b)
P ( X ≥ 9 )=P ( 9 ) + P ( 10 ) + P ( 11 ) + P(12)
4 3 2 1
P ( X ≥ 9 )= + + +
36 36 36 36

𝟏𝟎 𝟓
𝐏 ( 𝐗 ≥𝟗 )= 𝒐𝒓
𝟑𝟔 𝟏𝟖
c) X takes an even value
P ( X is even ) =P ( 2 ) +P ( 4 ) +P ( 6 ) +P ( 8 ) +P ( 10 ) +P(12)
1 3 5 5 3 1
P ( X is even ) = + + + + +
36 36 36 36 36 36
𝟏𝟖 𝟏
𝐏 ( 𝐗𝐢𝐬𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐧 ) = 𝒐𝒓 𝒐𝒓 𝟎.𝟓
𝟑𝟔 𝟐
P(X)

The Probability Distribution for Tossing 2 Fair Dice


Example 3: Construct a probability distribution
for rolling a single die.

Sample space
Each outcome has a probability of

Outcome, X 1 2 3 4 5 6
P (X)
Example 4: Determine whether the distributions

∑ 𝑷 ( 𝑿 )=𝟏
is a discrete probability distribution.
𝟎≤ 𝑷 ( 𝑿 ) ≤𝟏
𝒂.¿ 𝒃.¿
X 3 6 8 X 1 2 3 4 5

P(X) 0.6 0.7 P(X)

No, it is not a discrete Yes, it is a discrete


probability distribution, probability distribution.
P(X) cannot be P(X)= ++++
Example 5: Suppose three coins are tossed. Let Y be the random
variable representing the number of tails. Construct the
probability distribution and draw the histogram.
Possible Value of the Number of tails, Y 0 1 2 3
Outcomes random variable Y
(number of tails) Probability, P(Y)
HHH 0
HHT 1
HTH 1
HTT 2
THH 1
THT 2
TTH 2
TTT 3
Try This! A random variable X has the following
probability distribution.

Find:
X 0 1 2 3 4
P(X) 0.06 0.23 _____ 0.35 0.05
Try This! A random variable X has the following
probability distribution.
Try This! A random variable X has the following
probability distribution.
Try This! A random variable X has the following
probability distribution.
Try This! A random variable X has the following
probability distribution.

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