Class XI

Physics Chapter wise

Expected Questions
Units & Measurement

Units &
Measurement
 Question 1
1 2
mv
Let us consider an equation where m is the mass of the
2
body, v its velocity, g is the acceleration due to gravity and h is the
height. Check whether this equation is dimensionally correct.
 Question 2
Consider a simple pendulum, having a bob attached
to a string, that oscillates under the action of the
force of gravity. Suppose that the period of oscillation
of the simple pendulum depends on its length (l),
mass of the bob (m) and acceleration due to gravity
(g). Derive the expression for its time period using
method of dimensions.
 Question 3
Fill in the blanks by suitable conversion of units
(a) 1 kg m2 s–2 = ....g cm2 s–2
(b) 1 m = ..... ly
(c) 3.0 m s–2 = .... km h–2
(d) G = 6.67 × 10–11 N m2 (kg)–2 = .... (cm)3 s–2 g–1.
 Question 4
A calorie is a unit of heat (energy in transit) and it equals
about 4.2 J where 1 J = 1 kg m2 s–2. Suppose we employ a
system of units in which the unit of mass equals α kg, the
unit of length equals β m, the unit of time is γ s. Show that
a calorie has a magnitude 4.2 α–1 β–2 γ2 in terms of the new
units.
 Question 5
State the number of significant figures in the
following :
(a) 0.007 m2
(b)2.64 × 1024 kg
(c) 0.2370 g cm–3
(d) 6.320 J
(e) 6.032 N m–2
(f) 0.0006032 m2
Motion in a Straight Line

Motion in a Straight
Line
 Question 1
The position of an object moving along x-axis is given by x = a + bt 2 where
a = 8.5 m, b = 2.5 m s–2 and t is measured in seconds. What is its velocity
at t = 0 s and t = 2.0 s. What is the average velocity between t = 2.0 s and
t = 4.0 s ?
 Question 2
A ball is thrown vertically upwards with a velocity of 20 m s–1 from the top of
a multistorey building. The height of the point from where the ball is thrown
is 25.0 m from the ground. (a) How high will the ball rise ? and (b) how long
will it be before the ball hits the ground? Take g = 10 m s –2 .
 Question 3
Galileo’s law of odd numbers : “The distances traversed, during equal
intervals of time, by a body falling from rest, stand to one another in the
same ratio as the odd numbers beginning with unity [namely, 1 : 3 : 5 :
7…...].” Prove it.
 Question 4
A woman starts from her home at 9.00 am, walks with a speed of 5 km h –1 on a
straight road up to her office 2.5 km away, stays at the office up to 5.00 pm,
and returns home by an auto with a speed of 25 km h–1. Choose suitable scales
and plot the x-t graph of her motion.
 Question 5
A car moving along a straight highway with speed of 126 km h –1 is brought to a
stop within a distance of 200 m. What is the retardation of the car (assumed
uniform), and how long does it take for the car to stop ?
 Question 6
A police van moving on a highway with a speed of 30 km h–1 fires a bullet at a
thief’s car speeding away in the same direction with a speed of 192 km h –1. If
the muzzle speed of the bullet is 150 m s–1, with what speed does the bullet
hit the thief’s car ?
 Question 7
Suggest a suitable physical situation for each of the following graphs.
Motion in a Plane

Motion in a Plane
 Question 1
Rain is falling vertically with a speed of 35 m s –1. Winds starts blowing after
sometime with a speed of 12 m s–1 in east to west direction. In which direction
should a boy waiting at a bus stop hold his umbrella ?
 Question 2
A motorboat is racing towards north at 25 km/h and the water current in that
region is 10 km/h in the direction of 60° east of south. Find the resultant
velocity of the boat.
 Question 3
The position of a particle is given by r =î 3.0 t ĵ + 2.0
k̂ t2 + 5.0 where t is in
seconds and the coefficients have the proper units for r to be in metres. (a) Find
v(t) and a(t) of the particle. (b) Find the magnitude and direction of v(t) at t = 1.0
s.
 Question 4
A particle starts from origin at t = 0 with a velocity 5.0 î m/s and moves in x-y
plane under action of a force which produces a constant acceleration of (3.0i
ɵ+2.0j ɵ ) m/s 2 . (a) What is the y-coordinate of the particle at the instant its
x-coordinate is 84 m ? (b) What is the speed of the particle at this time ?
 Question 5
A hiker stands on the edge of a cliff 490 m above the ground and throws a stone
horizontally with an initial speed of 15 m s-1. Neglecting air resistance, find the
time taken by the stone to reach the ground, and the speed with which it hits the
ground. (Take g = 9.8 m s-2 ).
 Question 6
A cyclist starts from the centre O of a circular park of radius 1 km, reaches the
edge P of the park, then cycles along the circumference, and returns to the
centre along QO as shown in Fig. 3.20. If the round trip takes 10 min, what is
the (a) net displacement, (b) average velocity, and (c) average speed of the
cyclist ?
 Question 7
On an open ground, a motorist follows a track that turns to his left by an angle
of 600 after every 500 m. Starting from a given turn, specify the displacement
of the motorist at the third, sixth and eighth turn. Compare the magnitude of
the displacement with the total path length covered by the motorist in each
case.
 Question 8
The ceiling of a long hall is 25 m high. What is the maximum horizontal
distance that a ball thrown with a speed of 40 m s-1 can go without hitting the
ceiling of the hall ?
 Question 9
A cricketer can throw a ball to a maximum horizontal distance of 100 m. How
much high above the ground can the cricketer throw the same ball ?
 Question 10
A stone tied to the end of a string 80 cm long is whirled in a horizontal circle
with a constant speed. If the stone makes 14 revolutions in 25 s, what is the
magnitude and direction of acceleration of the stone ?
 Question 11
A particle starts from the origin at t = 0 s with a velocity
ĵ of 10.0 m/s and
moves in the x-y plane with a constant
î ĵ
acceleration of (8.0 + 2.0 ) m s ─2. (a)
At what time is the x- coordinate of the particle 16 m? What is the y-coordinate
of the particle at that time? (b) What is the speed of the particle at the time ?
 Question 11
A particle starts from the origin at t = 0 s with a velocity
ĵ of 10.0 m/s and
moves in the x-y plane with a constant
î ĵ
acceleration of (8.0 + 2.0 ) m s ─2. (a)
At what time is the x- coordinate of the particle 16 m? What is the y-coordinate
of the particle at that time? (b) What is the speed of the particle at the time ?

Laws of Motion
 Question 1
A batsman hits back a ball straight in the direction of the bowler
without changing its initial speed of 12 m s–1 . If the mass of the ball
is 0.15 kg, determine the impulse imparted to the ball. (Assume
linear motion of the ball)
 Question 2
Two identical billiard balls strike a rigid wall with the same speed
but at different angles, and get reflected without any change in
speed, as shown in Fig. What is (i) the direction of the force on the
wall due to each ball? (ii) the ratio of the magnitudes of impulses
imparted to the balls by the wall ?
 Question 3
A mass of 4 kg rests on a horizontal plane. The plane is gradually
inclined until at an angle θ = 15° with the horizontal, the mass just
begins to slide. What is the coefficient of static friction between the
block and the surface ?
 Question 4
What is the acceleration of the block and trolley system shown in a
Fig. (a), if the coefficient of kinetic friction between the trolley and
the surface is 0.04? What is the tension in the string? (Take g = 10
m s-2). Neglect the mass of the string.
 Question 5
A constant force acting on a body of mass 3.0 kg changes its speed
from 2.0 m s-1 to 3.5 m s-1 in 25 s. The direction of the motion of the
body remains unchanged. What is the magnitude and direction of the
force ? .
 Question 6
A body of mass 5 kg is acted upon by two perpendicular forces 8 N
and 6 N. Give the magnitude and direction of the acceleration of
the body.
 Question 7
A body of mass 0.40 kg moving initially with a constant speed of 10
m s-1 to the north is subject to a constant force of 8.0 N directed
towards the south for 30 s. Take the instant the force is applied to
be t = 0, the position of the body at that time to be x = 0, and
predict its position at t = –5 s, 25 s, 100 s.
 Question 8
Two masses 8 kg and 12 kg are connected at the two ends of a light
inextensible string that goes over a frictionless pulley. Find the
acceleration of the masses, and the tension in the string when the
masses are released.
 Question 9
Two masses 8 kg and 12 kg are connected at the two ends of a light
inextensible string that goes over a frictionless pulley. Find the
acceleration of the masses, and the tension in the string when the
masses are released.
 Question 10
Explain why
(a) a horse cannot pull a cart and run in empty space,
(b) passengers are thrown forward from their seats when a speeding
bus stops suddenly,
(c) it is easier to pull a lawn mower than to push it,
(d) a cricketer moves his hands backwards while holding a catch.
 Question 11
A particle starts from the origin at t = 0 s with a velocity
ĵ of 10.0 m/s and
moves in the x-y plane with a constant
î ĵ
acceleration of (8.0 + 2.0 ) m s ─2. (a)
At what time is the x- coordinate of the particle 16 m? What is the y-coordinate
of the particle at that time? (b) What is the speed of the particle at the time ?

Work Energy and

Power
 Question 1
Find the angle between force F = (3 +4 -5 ) ˆ ˆ ˆ i j k unit and
displacement d = (5 + 4 +3 ) ˆ ˆ ˆ i j k unit. Also find the projection
of F on d.
 Question 2
It is well known that a raindrop falls under the
influence of the downward gravitational force and
the opposing resistive force. The latter is known
 Question 3
In a ballistics demonstration a police officer fires a
bullet of mass 50.0 g with speed 200 m s-1 on soft
plywood of thickness 2.00 cm. The bullet emerges with
only 10% of its initial kinetic energy. What is the
emergent speed of the bullet ?
 Question 4
A bob of mass m is suspended by a light string of
length L . It is imparted a horizontal velocity v o at the
lowest point A such that it completes a semi-circular
trajectory in the vertical plane with the string becoming
slack only on reaching the topmost point, C. This is
shown in Fig. Obtain an expression for (i) v0 ; (ii) the
speeds at points B and C; (iii) the ratio of the kinetic
energies (KB /KC ) at B and C. Comment on the nature of
the trajectory of the bob after it reaches the point C.
 Question 5
A body is initially at rest. It undergoes one-dimensional
motion with constant acceleration. The power
delivered to it at time t is proportional to
(i) t1/2 (ii) t (iii) t3/2 (iv) t2
 Question 6
A body is moving unidirectionally under the
influence of a source of constant power. Its
displacement in time t is proportional to
(i) t 1/2 (ii) t (iii) t3/2 (iv) t2
 Question 7
A body constrained to move along the z- axis of a
coordinate system is subject to a constant force F given by
: ˆi +2 ˆj +3 kˆ

F = ─ ˆi, ˆj , kˆ N
where are unit vectors along the x-, y- and z-axis of
the system respectively. What is the work done by this
force in moving the body a distance of 4 m along the z ─
axis ?
 Question 8
A pump on the ground floor of a building can pump
up water to fill a tank of volume 30 m3 in 15 min. If
the tank is 40 m above the ground, and the efficiency
of the pump is 30%, how much electric power is
consumed by the pump ?
 Question 9
A trolley of mass 300 kg carrying a sandbag of 25 kg
is moving uniformly with a speed of 27 km/h on a
frictionless track. After a while, sand starts leaking out
of a hole on the floor of the trolley at the rate of 0.05
kg s–1. What is the speed of the trolley after the entire
sand bag is empty ?
 Question 10
The blades of a windmill sweep out a circle of area A.
(a) If the wind flows at a velocity v perpendicular to
the circle, what is the mass of the air passing
through it in time t ? (b) What is the kinetic energy of
the air ? (c) Assume that the windmill converts 25%
of the wind’s energy into electrical energy, and that
A = 30 m2 , v = 36 km/h and the density of air is 1.2
kg m–3. What is the electrical power produced ?
 Question 10
The blades of a windmill sweep out a circle of area A.
(a) If the wind flows at a velocity v perpendicular to
the circle, what is the mass of the air passing
through it in time t ? (b) What is the kinetic energy of
the air ? (c) Assume that the windmill converts 25%
of the wind’s energy into electrical energy, and that

Rotational
A = 30 m2 , v = 36 km/h and the density of air is 1.2
kg m–3. What is the electrical power produced ?

Motion
 Question 1
Find the centre of mass of three particles at the vertices of an
equilateral triangle. The masses of the particles are 100g, 150g, and
200g respectively. Each side of the equilateral triangle is 0.5m long.
 Question 2
Find the centre of mass of a uniform L-shaped lamina (a thin flat
plate) with dimensions as shown. The mass of the lamina is 3 kg.
 Question 3
ˆ
(3 iˆ  4aˆj =5 k )
Find the scalar and vector products of two vectors. ( 2 iˆ  ˆj  3 kˆ)

and b =
 Question 4
A metal bar 70 cm long and 4.00 kg in mass supported
on two knife edges placed 10 cm from each end. A 6.00
kg load is suspended at 30 cm from one end. Find the
reactions at the knife-edges. (Assume the bar to be of
uniform cross section and homogeneous.)
 Question 5
A 3 m long ladder weighing 20 kg leans on a frictionless wall. Its feet
rest on the floor 1 m from the wall as shown in Fig. Find the reaction
forces of the wall and the floor.
 Question 6
A cord of negligible mass is wound round the rim of a fly wheel of
mass 20 kg and radius 20 cm. A steady pull of 25 N is applied on the
cord as shown in Fig. The flywheel is mounted on a horizontal axle
with frictionless bearings. (a) Compute the angular acceleration of the
wheel. (b) Find the work done by the pull, when 2m of the cord is
unwound. (c) Find also the kinetic energy of the wheel at this point.
Assume that the wheel starts from rest. (d) Compare answers to parts
(b) and (c).
 Question 7
Show that the area of the triangle contained between the vectors a
and b is one half of the magnitude of a × b.
 Question 8
Show that a.(b × c) is equal in magnitude to the volume of the
parallelepiped formed on the three vectors , a, b and c.
 Question 9
A non-uniform bar of weight W is suspended at rest by two strings of
negligible weight as shown in Fig. The angles made by the strings
with the vertical are 36.9° and 53.1° respectively. The bar is 2 m long.
Calculate the distance d of the centre of gravity of the bar from its left
end.
 Question 10
A car weighs 1800 kg. The distance between its front and back axles
is 1.8 m. Its centre of gravity is 1.05 m behind the front axle.
Determine the force exerted by the level ground on each front wheel
and each back wheel.
 Question 11
A rope of negligible mass is wound round a hollow cylinder of mass 3
kg and radius 40 cm. What is the angular acceleration of the cylinder
if the rope is pulled with a force of 30 N ? What is the linear
acceleration of the rope ? Assume that there is no slipping.
 Question 12
From a uniform disk of radius R, a circular hole of radius R/2 is cut out.
The centre of the hole is at R/2 from the centre of the original disc.
Locate the centre of gravity of the resulting flat body.
 Question 10
The blades of a windmill sweep out a circle of area A.
(a) If the wind flows at a velocity v perpendicular to
the circle, what is the mass of the air passing
through it in time t ? (b) What is the kinetic energy of

Gravitation
the air ? (c) Assume that the windmill converts 25%
of the wind’s energy into electrical energy, and that
A = 30 m2 , v = 36 km/h and the density of air is 1.2
kg m–3. What is the electrical power produced ?
 Question 1
Three equal masses of m kg each are fixed at the vertices
of an equilateral triangle ABC. (a) What is the force acting
on a mass 2m placed at the centroid G of the triangle? (b)
What is the force if the mass at the vertex A is doubled ?
Take AG = BG = CG = 1 m (see Fig.)
 Question 2
Find the potential energy of a system of four particles
placed at the vertices of a square of side l. Also obtain the
potential at the centre of the square.
 Question 3
Weighing the Earth : You are given the following data: g =
9.81 ms–2 , RE = 6.37×106 m, the distance to the moon R =
3.84×108 m and the time period of the moon’s revolution
is 27.3 days. Obtain the mass of the Earth ME in two
different ways
 Question 4
I0, one of the satellites of Jupiter, has an orbital period of
1.769 days and the radius of the orbit is 4.22 × 108 m.
Show that the mass of Jupiter is about one-thousandth that
of the sun.
 Question 5
How will you ‘weigh the sun’, that is estimate its mass?
The mean orbital radius of the earth around the sun is 1.5
× 108 km.
 Question 6
A body weighs 63 N on the surface of the earth. What is
the gravitational force on it due to the earth at a height
equal to half the radius of the earth ?
 Question 7
The escape speed of a projectile on the earth’s surface is
11.2 km s–1. A body is projected out with thrice this speed.
What is the speed of the body far away from the earth?
Ignore the presence of the sun and other planets.
 Question 7
The escape speed of a projectile on the earth’s surface is
11.2 km s–1. A body is projected out with thrice this speed.
What is the speed of the body far away from the earth?
Ignore the presence of the sun and other planets.

Mechanical Properties of
Solid
 Question 1
A structural steel rod has a radius of 10 mm and a length
of 1.0 m. A 100 kN force stretches it along its length.
Calculate (a) stress, (b) elongation, and (c) strain on the
rod. Young’s modulus, of structural steel is 2.0 × 1011 N
m─2.
 Question 2
A copper wire of length 2.2 m and a steel wire of length
1.6 m, both of diameter 3.0 mm, are connected end to
end. When stretched by a load, the net elongation is found
to be 0.70 mm. Obtain the load applied.
 Question 3
In a human pyramid in a circus, the entire weight of the
balanced group is supported by the legs of a performer
who is lying on his back (as shown in Fig.). The combined
mass of all the persons performing the act, and the tables,
plaques etc. involved is 280 kg. The mass of the performer
lying on his back at the bottom of the pyramid is 60 kg.
Each thighbone (femur) of this performer has a length of
50 cm and an effective radius of 2.0 cm. Determine the
amount by which each thighbone gets compressed under
the extra load.
 Question 4
A square lead slab of side 50 cm and thickness 10 cm is
subject to a shearing force (on its narrow face) of 9.0 ×
104 N. The lower edge is riveted to the floor. How much will
the upper edge be displaced?
 Question 5
The average depth of Indian Ocean is about 3000 m.
Calculate the fractional compression, ∆V/V, of water at the
bottom of the ocean, given that the bulk modulus of water
is 2.2 × 109 N m–2. (Take g = 10 m s–2)
 Question 6
The stress-strain graphs for materials A and B are shown in
Fig.

The graphs are drawn to the same scale.

(a) Which of the materials has the greater Young’s
modulus?
(b) Which of the two is the stronger material?
 Question 7
Two wires of diameter 0.25 cm, one made of steel and the
other made of brass are loaded as shown in Fig. The
unloaded length of steel wire is 1.5 m and that of brass
wire is 1.0 m. Compute the elongations of the steel and
the brass wires.
 Question 8
The edge of an aluminium cube is 10 cm long. One face of
the cube is firmly fixed to a vertical wall. A mass of 100 kg
is then attached to the opposite face of the cube. The
shear modulus of aluminium is 25 GPa. What is the vertical
deflection of this face?
 Question 9
Four identical hollow cylindrical columns of mild steel
support a big structure of mass 50,000 kg. The inner and
outer radii of each column are 30 and 60 cm respectively.
Assuming the load distribution to be uniform, calculate the
compressional strain of each column
 Question 10
A piece of copper having a rectangular cross-section of
15.2 mm × 19.1 mm is pulled in tension with 44,500 N
force, producing only elastic deformation. Calculate the
resulting strain?
 Question 11
A steel cable with a radius of 1.5 cm supports a chairlift at
a ski area. If the maximum stress is not to exceed 108 N m–
2
, what is the maximum load the cable can support ?
 Question 12
A rigid bar of mass 15 kg is supported symmetrically by
three wires each 2.0 m long. Those at each end are of
copper and the middle one is of iron. Determine the ratios
of their diameters if each is to have the same tension.
 Question 13
What is the density of water at a depth where pressure is
80.0 atm, given that its density at the surface is 1.03 ×
103 kg m–3?
 Question 14
Compute the fractional change in volume of a glass slab,
when subjected to a hydraulic pressure of 10 atm
 Question 14
Compute the fractional change in volume of a glass slab,
when subjected to a hydraulic pressure of 10 atm

Mechanical Properties of
Fluids
 Question 1
The two thigh bones (femurs), each of cross-sectional area
10 cm2 support the upper part of a human body of mass
40 kg. Estimate the average pressure sustained by the
femurs.
Question 2
 Question 3
At a depth of 1000 m in an ocean (a) what is the absolute
pressure? (b) What is the gauge pressure? (c) Find the
force acting on the window of area 20 cm × 20 cm of a
submarine at this depth, the interior of which is
maintained at sealevel atmospheric pressure. (The density
of sea water is 1.03 × 103 kg m ─3 , g = 10 m s–2.)
 Question 4
Two syringes of different cross-sections (without needles)
filled with water are connected with a tightly fitted rubber
tube filled with water. Diameters of the smaller piston and
larger piston are 1.0 cm and 3.0 cm respectively. (a) Find
the force exerted on the larger piston when a force of 10 N
is applied to the smaller piston. (b) If the smaller piston is
pushed in through 6.0 cm, how much does the larger
piston move out?
 Question 5
In a car lift compressed air exerts a force F1 on a small
piston having a radius of 5.0 cm. This pressure is
transmitted to a second piston of radius 15 cm (Fig.). If the
mass of the car to be lifted is 1350 kg, calculate F1 . What
is the pressure necessary to accomplish this task ? (g = 9.8
ms─2).
 Question 6
The terminal velocity of a copper ball of radius 2.0 mm
falling through a tank of oil at 20oC is 6.5 cm s ─1. Compute
the viscosity of the oil at 20°C. Density of oil is 1.5 ×10 3 kg
m─3, density of copper is 8.9 × 103 kg m─3.
 Question 7
The lower end of a capillary tube of diameter 2.00 mm is
dipped 8.00 cm below the surface of water in a beaker. What
is the pressure required in the tube in order to blow a
hemispherical bubble at its end in water? The surface
tension of water at temperature of the experiments is 7.30
× 10─2 Nm─1. 1 atmospheric pressure = 1.01× 105 Pa,
density of water = 1000 kg/m3 , g = 9.80 m s─2. Also
calculate the excess pressure.
 Question 8
A 50 kg girl wearing high heel shoes balances on a single
heel. The heel is circular with a diameter 1.0 cm. What is
the pressure exerted by the heel on the horizontal floor ?
 Question 9
A vertical off-shore structure is built to withstand a
maximum stress of 109 Pa. Is the structure suitable for
putting up on top of an oil well in the ocean ? Take the
depth of the ocean to be roughly 3 km, and ignore ocean
currents.
 Question 10
A U-tube contains water and methylated spirit separated
by mercury. The mercury columns in the two arms are in
level with 10.0 cm of water in one arm and 12.5 cm of
spirit in the other. What is the specific gravity of spirit ?
 Question 11
In the previous problem, if 15.0 cm of water and spirit
each are further poured into the respective arms of the
tube, what is the difference in the levels of mercury in the
two arms ? (Specific gravity of mercury = 13.6)
 Question 12
Glycerine flows steadily through a horizontal tube of
length 1.5 m and radius 1.0 cm. If the amount of glycerine
collected per second at one end is 4.0 × 10─3 kg s─1, what
is the pressure difference between the two ends of the
tube ? (Density of glycerine = 1.3 × 103 kg m–3 and
viscosity of glycerine = 0.83 Pa s). [You may also like to
check if the assumption of laminar flow in the tube is
correct].
 Question 13
A U-shaped wire is dipped in a soap solution, and
removed. The thin soap film formed between the wire and
the light slider supports a weight of 1.5 × 10─2 N (which
includes the small weight of the slider). The length of the
slider is 30 cm. What is the surface tension of the film ?
 Question 13
A U-shaped wire is dipped in a soap solution, and
removed. The thin soap film formed between the wire and
the light slider supports a weight of 1.5 × 10─2 N (which
includes the small weight of the slider). The length of the
slider is 30 cm. What is the surface tension of the film ?

Thermal Properties
of Matter
 Question 1
Show that the coefficient of area expansion,
(∆A/A)/∆T, of a rectangular sheet of the solid is
twice its linear expansivity, α1 .
 Question 2
A sphere of 0.047 kg aluminium is placed for
sufficient time in a vessel containing boiling water, so
that the sphere is at 100 °C. It is then immediately
transfered to 0.14 kg copper calorimeter containing
0.25 kg water at 20°C. The temperature of water
rises and attains a steady state at 23°C. Calculate the
specific heat capacity of aluminium.
 Question 3
When 0.15 kg of ice at 0°C is mixed with 0.30 kg of
water at 50°C in a container, the resulting
temperature is 6.7 °C. Calculate the heat of fusion
of ice. (swater = 4186 J kg–1 K–1)
 Question 4
Calculate the heat required to convert 3 kg of ice
at –12 °C kept in a calorimeter to steam at 100 °C
at atmospheric pressure. Given specific heat
capacity of ice = 2100 J kg–1 K–1, specific heat
capacity of water = 4186 J kg–1 K–1, latent heat of
fusion of ice = 3.35 × 105 J kg–1 and latent heat of
steam = 2.256 ×106 J kg–1 .
 Question 5
What is the temperature of the steel-copper
junction in the steady state of the system shown in
Fig. Length of the steel rod = 15.0 cm, length of
the copper rod = 10.0 cm, temperature of the
furnace = 300 °C, temperature of the other end =
0 °C. The area of cross section of the steel rod is
twice that of the copper rod. (Thermal conductivity
of steel = 50.2 J s–1 m–1 K–1; and of copper = 385 J s–
1
m–1 K–1).
 Question 6
A pan filled with hot food cools from 94°C to 86°C
in 2 minutes when the room temperature is at
20°C. How long will it take to cool from 71°C to
69°C ?
 Question 7
A steel tape 1 m long is correctly calibrated for a
temperature of 27.0 °C. The length of a steel rod
measured by this tape is found to be 63.0 cm on a
hot day when the temperature is 45.0 °C. What is
the actual length of the steel rod on that day ?
What is the length of the same steel rod on a day
when the temperature is 27.0 °C ? Coefficient of
linear expansion of steel = 1.20 × 10–5 K–1.
 Question 8
A large steel wheel is to be fitted on to a shaft of
the same material. At 27 °C, the outer diameter of
the shaft is 8.70 cm and the diameter of the
central hole in the wheel is 8.69 cm. The shaft is
cooled using ‘dry ice’. At what temperature of the
shaft does the wheel slip on the shaft? Assume
coefficient of linear expansion of the steel to be
constant over the required temperature range :
αsteel = 1.20 × 10–5 K–1 .
 Question 9
A hole is drilled in a copper sheet. The diameter of
the hole is 4.24 cm at 27.0 °C. What is the change
in the diameter of the hole when the sheet is
heated to 227 °C? Coefficient of linear expansion
of copper = 1.70 × 10–5 K–1 .
 Question 10
A 10 kW drilling machine is used to drill a bore in a
small aluminium block of mass 8.0 kg. How much is the
rise in temperature of the block in 2.5 minutes,
assuming 50% of power is used up in heating the
machine itself or lost to the surroundings. Specific heat
of aluminium = 0.91 J g–1 K–1 .
 Question 11
A copper block of mass 2.5 kg is heated in a furnace to
a temperature of 500 °C and then placed on a large ice
block. What is the maximum amount of ice that can
melt? (Specific heat of copper = 0.39 J g–1 K–1 ; heat of
fusion of water = 335 J g–1 ).
 Question 12
A ‘thermacole’ icebox is a cheap and an efficient
method for storing small quantities of cooked food in
summer in particular. A cubical icebox of side 30 cm
has a thickness of 5.0 cm. If 4.0 kg of ice is put in the
box, estimate the amount of ice remaining after 6 h.
The outside temperature is 45 °C, and co-efficient of
thermal conductivity of thermacole is 0.01 J s–1 m–1 K–1.
[Heat of fusion of water = 335 × 103 J kg–1]
 Question 13
A body cools from 80°C to 50°C in 5 minutes. Calculate
the time it takes to cool from 60°C to 30°C. The
temperature of the surroundings is 20 °C.
 Question 13
A body cools from 80°C to 50°C in 5 minutes. Calculate
the time it takes to cool from 60°C to 30°C. The
temperature of the surroundings is 20 °C.

Thermodynamic
s
 Question 1
What amount of heat must be supplied to 2.0 × 10–2 kg
of nitrogen (at room temperature) to raise its
temperature by 45 °C at constant pressure ? (Molecular
mass of N2 = 28; R = 8.3 J mol–1 K–1.)
 Question 2
An electric heater supplies heat to a system at a rate of
100 W. If system performs work at a rate of 75 joules
per second. At what rate is the internal energy
increasing?
 Question 3
A thermodynamic system is taken from an original state
to an intermediate state by the linear process shown in
Fig.
 Question 3
A thermodynamic system is taken from an original state
to an intermediate state by the linear process shown in
Fig.

Oscillation
 Question 1
On an average, a human heart is found to beat 75
times in a minute. Calculate its frequency and period.
 Question 2
Which of the following functions of time represent (a)
periodic and (b) non-periodic motion? Give the period
for each case of periodic motion [ω is any positive
constant].
(i) sin ωt + cos ωt
(ii) sin ωt + cos 2 ωt + sin 4 ωt
(iii) e–ωt
(iv) log (ωt).
 Question 3
A body oscillates with SHM according to the equation
(in SI units), x = 5 cos [2π t + π/4].
At t = 1.5 s, calculate the (a) displacement, (b) speed
and (c) acceleration of the body.
 Question 4
A block whose mass is 1 kg is fastened to a spring. The
spring has a spring constant of 50 N m–1. The block is
pulled to a distance x = 10 cm from its equilibrium
position at x = 0 on a frictionless surface from rest at t =
0. Calculate the kinetic, potential and total energies of
the block when it is 5 cm away from the mean position.
 Question 5
What is the length of a simple pendulum, which ticks
seconds ?
 Question 6
A spring balance has a scale that reads from 0 to 50 kg.
The length of the scale is 20 cm. A body suspended
from this balance, when displaced and released,
oscillates with a period of 0.6 s. What is the weight of
the body ?
 Question 7
A spring having with a spring constant 1200 N m–1 is
mounted on a horizontal table as shown in Fig. A mass
of 3 kg is attached to the free end of the spring. The
mass is then pulled sideways to a distance of 2.0 cm
and released.
 Question 8
The piston in the cylinder head of a locomotive has a
stroke (twice the amplitude) of 1.0 m. If the piston
moves with simple harmonic motion with an angular
frequency of 200 rad/min, what is its maximum speed ?
 Question 9
The acceleration due to gravity on the surface of moon is
1.7 m s–2. What is the time period of a simple pendulum
on the surface of moon if its time period on the surface of
earth is 3.5 s ? (g on the surface of earth is 9.8 m s–2)
 Question 10
A simple pendulum of length l and having a bob of
mass M is suspended in a car. The car is moving on a
circular track of radius R with a uniform speed v. If the
pendulum makes small oscillations in a radial direction
about its equilibrium position, what will be its time
period ?
 Question 11
A cylindrical piece of cork of density of base area A and
height h floats in a liquid of density ρ1 . The cork is
depressed slightly and then released. Show that the
cork oscillates up and down simple harmonically with a
period
hp
T 2
p1 g
where ρ is the density of cork. (Ignore damping due to
viscosity of the liquid
 Question 12
One end of a U-tube containing mercury is connected to
a suction pump and the other end to atmosphere. A
small pressure difference is maintained between the
two columns. Show that, when the suction pump is
removed, the column of mercury in the U-tube executes
simple harmonic motion.
Waves

Waves
 Question 1
A wave travelling along a string is described by,
y(x, t) = 0.005 sin (80.0 x – 3.0 t),
in which the numerical constants are in SI units (0.005 m, 80.0 rad m –1, and 3.0
rad s–1). Calculate (a) the amplitude, (b) the wavelength, and (c) the period and
frequency of the wave. Also, calculate the displacement y of the wave at a
distance x = 30.0 cm and time t = 20 s ?
 Question 2
A steel wire 0.72 m long has a mass of 5.0 × 10–3 kg. If the wire is under a
tension of 60 N, what is the speed of transverse waves on the wire ?
 Question 3
Estimate the speed of sound in air at standard temperature and pressure. The
mass of 1 mole of air is 29.0 × 10–3 kg.
 Question 4
A pipe, 30.0 cm long, is open at both ends. Which harmonic mode of the pipe
resonates a 1.1 kHz source? Will resonance with the same source be observed
if one end of the pipe is closed ? Take the speed of sound in air as 330 m s –1 .
 Question 5
Two sitar strings A and B playing the note ‘Dha’ are slightly out of tune and
produce beats of frequency 5 Hz. The tension of the string B is slightly
increased and the beat frequency is found to decrease to 3 Hz. What is the
original frequency of B if the frequency of A is 427 Hz ?
 Question 6
A string of mass 2.50 kg is under a tension of 200 N. The length of the
stretched string is 20.0 m. If the transverse jerk is struck at one end of the
string, how long does the disturbance take to reach the other end?
 Question 7
A stone dropped from the top of a tower of height 300 m splashes into the
water of a pond near the base of the tower. When is the splash heard at the top
given that the speed of sound in air is 340 m s–1 ? (g = 9.8 m s–2)
 Question 8
A steel wire has a length of 12.0 m and a mass of 2.10 kg. What should be the
tension in the wire so that speed of a transverse wave on the wire equals
the speed of sound in dry air at
20 °C = 343 m s–1 .
 Question 9
P
Use the formula v = to explain why the speed of sound in air


(a) is independent of pressure, (b) increases with temperature,

(c) increases with humidity.
 Question 10
A bat emits ultrasonic sound of frequency 1000 kHz in air. If the sound meets a
water surface, what is the wavelength of (a) the reflected sound, (b) the
transmitted sound? Speed of sound in air is 340 m s–1 and in water 1486 m s–1 .
 Question 11
For the travelling harmonic wave :
y(x, t) = 2.0 cos 2π (10t – 0.0080 x + 0.35)
where x and y are in cm and t in s. Calculate the phase difference between
oscillatory motion of two points separated by a distance of
(a) 4 m, (b) 0.5 m, (c) λ/2, (d)
3λ/4
 Question 12

The transverse displacement of a string (clamped at its both ends) is given by

 2 
 3 x
y(x, t) = 0.06 sin
  cos (120 π t)
where x and y are in m and t in s. The length of the string is 1.5 m and its mass
is 3.0 ×10–2 kg. Answer the following : (a) Does the function represent a
travelling wave or a stationary wave? (b) Interpret the wave as a superposition
of two waves travelling in opposite directions. What is the wavelength,
frequency, and speed of each wave ?
 Question 13
A wire stretched between two rigid supports vibrates in its fundamental mode
with a frequency of 45 Hz. The mass of the wire is 3.5 × 10–2 kg and its linear
mass density is 4.0 × 10–2 kg m–1. What is (a) the speed of a transverse wave on
the string, and (b) the tension in the string?
 Question 14
A steel rod 100 cm long is clamped at its middle. The fundamental frequency of
longitudinal vibrations of the rod are given to be 2.53 kHz. What is the speed of
sound in steel?
 Question 15
Explain why (or how):
(a) in a sound wave, a displacement node is a pressure antinode and vice versa,
(b) bats can ascertain distances, directions, nature, and sizes of the obstacles
without any
“eyes”,
(c) a violin note and sitar note may have the same frequency, yet we can
distinguish between
the two notes,
(d) solids can support both longitudinal and transverse waves, but only
longitudinal waves can
propagate in gases, and
(e) the shape of a pulse gets distorted during propagation in a dispersive
medium.
Thank You.