ASTU

CSEg 1104 Fundamentals of Programming

Lab Lecture #3

2022

Computer Science & Engineering Program

The School of EE & Computing
Adama Science & Technology University
 ASTU

• I/O statements and functions Practice

– Case Study: Taxi Fare Change
– Formatting Number for Program Output
– Casting Operator
– Case Study: Buying Pizza
– General Problems(Maths and Physics)
– Assignment I: Rubber Ball

2
Case Study: Taxi Fare Change ASTU

3
Case Study: Taxi Changes ASTU

• In Addis, to travel from Bole to

Kazanchis the tariff is 2 birr and 70
cents. Suppose that the taxi
assistant(conductor) don’t have any
birr notes but only cents to return. So
he wants the change to contain as
many 50 cents as possible then 25
cents, 10 cents and 5 cents, in that
order. We want our program to
calculate the change, given the
amount paid.
4
Step 1: Analyze the Problem ASTU

• Input: Amount Paid

• Output: Equivalent Change in 50
cents, 25 cents, 10 cents, and 5
cents.

5
Step 2: Develop a Solution ASTU

• Suppose amount paid is 10 birr,

therefore the change is 7 birr & 30
cents
1. Change=7.30, So cents=730
2. No of 50 cents=730/50=14
3. Remaining Change=730 % 50=30
4. No of 25 cents=30/25=1
5. Remaining Change=30 % 25=5
6. No of 10 cents=5/10=0
7. Remaining Change=5 % 10=5
8. No of 5 cents=5/5=1

6
Step 2: Develop a Solution(Detailed Algorithm)
ASTU

1. Prompt the user for input.

2. Get input.
3. Display the entered amount on the screen. (Echo)
4. Calculate the Change in cents
5. Print the Change in cents
6. Compute and print the number of 50 cents.
7. Calculate the remaining change.
8. Compute and print the number of 25 cents.
9. Calculate the remaining change.
10. Compute and print the number of 10 cents.
11. Calculate the remaining change.
12. Print the remaining change(i.e. number of 5
cents)

7
Step 3: Coding ASTU

• To calculate the equivalent change,

the program performs calculations
using the values of a fifty-cent, which
is 50; a twenty-five-cent, which
is 25; a ten-cent, which is 10 .
– Because these data are special and the
program uses these values more than
once, it makes sense to declare them as
named constants.
– Using named constants also simplifies
later modification of the program
8
Step 3: Coding ASTU

1. Write a C++ program to solve the

problem
• Use the following constants in your program

• Use variables where necessary

2. Modify the program to work for
payments made for two or more
people
9
Formatting Numbers for Program Output ASTU

• The field width manipulator must be

included for each value in the data
stream sent to cout
• Other manipulators remain in effect
until they are changed
• iomanip header file must be included
to use manipulators requiring
arguments

10
Formatting Number for Program Output ASTU

• Test the format manipulators using a

C++ program
Manipulators Num- Dis- Comments
ber play
setw(2) 3 | 3| Number fits in the field.

setw(2) 43 |43| Number fits in the field.

setw(2) 143 |143| Field width is ignored.

setw(2) 2.3 |2.3| Field width is ignored.

setw(5) 2.366 | 2.37| Field width of five with two decimal dig-
fixed its.
setprecision(
2)

11
 Formatting Number for Program Output ASTU

• Test the format manipulators using a C++ program

cout << "|" << setw(10) << fixed
<< setprecision(3) << 25.67 << "|";
Manipulators Number Display Comments
setw(5) 42.3 |42.30| Number fits in the field with the specified precision.
fixed Note that the decimal point takes up one location in
setprecision(2 the field width.
)
setw(5) 142.364 | Field width is ignored, and scientific notation is used
setprecision(2 1.4e+002| with the setprecision manipulator.
)
setw(5) 142.364 |142.36| Field width is ignored, but precision specification is
fixed used.
setprecision(2 The setprecision manipulator specifies the number of
) fractional digits.
setw(5) 142.366 |142.37| Field width is ignored, but precision specification used.
fixed The setprecision manipulator specifies the number of
setprecision(2 fractional digits. (Note the rounding of the last decimal
) digit.)
setw(5) 142 | 142| Field width is used; fixed and setprecision manipula-
fixed tors are irrelevant because the number is an integer
setprecision(2 12
that specifies the total number of significant digits (in-
Formatting Number for Program Output ASTU

• setiosflags manipulator: Allows additional

formatting:
– Right or left justification
– Fixed display with 6 decimal places
– Scientific notation with exponential
display
– Display of a leading + sign
• Parameterized manipulator: One which
requires arguments, or parameters

13
Formatting Number for Program Output ASTU

14
Formatting Number for Program Output ASTU

• Manipulators can also be set using the

ostream class methods
• Separate the cout object name from the
method name with a period
Example:
cout.precision(2)

15
Formatting Number for Program Output ASTU

16
Cast Operator ASTU

• Cast operator: A unary operator that forces

the data to the desired data type
• Compile-time cast
– Syntax: dataType (expression)
– Example: int(a+b)

17
Cast Operator ASTU

• Run-time cast: The requested conversion is

checked at run time and applied if valid
– Syntax:
staticCast<data-type> (expression)
– Example:
staticCast<int>(a*b)

18
Case Study: Buying Pizza ASTU

• The large “economy” size of an item

is not always a better buy than the
smaller size.
– This is particularly true when buying
pizzas.
– Pizza sizes are given as the diameter of
the pizza in inches.

19
Case Study: Buying Pizza ASTU

• However, the quantity of pizza is

determined by the area of the pizza
– Most people cannot easily estimate the
difference in area between a ten-inch
pizza and a twelve-inch pizza
– So cannot easily determine which size is
the best buy—that is, which size has the
lowest price per square inch.

20
Case Study: Buying Pizza ASTU

• Build, Run and Test the following

program
• Understand the logic

21
Case Study: Buying Pizza ASTU

22
Case Study: Buying Pizza ASTU

23
Case Study: Buying Pizza ASTU

24
Case Study: Buying Pizza ASTU

• Suppose that restaurants offer both

round pizzas and rectangular pizzas.

• The code is on the next slides

• Note that the function name unitPrice
has been overloaded so that it applies
to both round and rectangular pizzas.
• Build, Run and Test the Program
25
Case Study: Buying Pizza ASTU

26
Case Study: Buying Pizza ASTU

27
Case Study: Buying Pizza ASTU

28
General Problems ASTU

• Develop a calculator program

using function (use five functions
add (), multiply (), divide (),
subtract () and module ().

29
General Problems ASTU

• Write a C++ program to calculate

and display the value of the slope of
the line connecting two points with
the coordinates (3,7) and (8,12).
• After verifying the output your
program produces, modify it to
determine the slope of the line
connecting the points (2,10) and
(12,6).

30
General Problems ASTU

• What will happen if you use the

points (2,3) and (2,4)
• Change its output to this:
– The value of the slope is xxx.xx
– The xxx.xx denotes placing the
calculated value in a field wide enough
for three places to the left of the
decimal point and two places to the
right of it.

31
Assignment #1 ASTU

• When a particular rubber ball is

dropped from a given height (in
meters), its impact speed (in
meters/second) when it hits the ground
is given by this formula:

• where g is the acceleration

caused by gravity and h is the
height.
• The ball then rebounds to 2/3 the
height from which it last fell.
32
Assignment #1 … ASTU

• Write, test, and run a C++ program

that calculates and displays the impact
speed of the first three bounces and
the rebound height of each bounce.
• Test your program by using an initial
height of 2.0 meters.
• Run the program twice, and compare
the results for dropping the ball on
Earth (g = 9.81 m/s2) and on the
moon (g = 1.67 m/s2).

33