LINEAR EQUATION

NAME : DERFANSYAH GUSWIRANATA KURNIA

 TABLE OF CONTENT
Intro to
Coordinate Introduction

Line and
coordinate Cartesian Introduction
Intro to cartesian coordinate

Line equation Line Equation and Slope

Parallel and perpendicular
Real world equation with line

Intro to linear equation

Linear
Equation Methods of solving
Substitution
Elimination

Solving
Combination

Linear Equation relation to line

Models with linear equation

and line
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COORDINATE INTRODUCTION

Examples of coordinate illustrations

3
 Types of coordinate

Types of Coordinate
Cartesian
Two dimensional
Polar

Cartesian

Three
Spherical
Dimensional

Cylindrical

4
Cartesian Coordinate

2 dimensional (left)
and three dimensional
(right)

5
Another Examples of Coordinate illustration

6
POLAR/RADIAL COORDINATE

Example

7
SPHERICAL COORDINATE

Details

8
Cartesian Coordinate
Description

9
Three Dimensional Interpretation

10
 Introduction to Line Equation

The other form is ‘2y = x-2’ with ½ acting as a slope

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 Slope Introduction
Has relation

X-intercept = the y is zero

Y-intercept = the x is zero

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 Shapes of Line Equation
Description Condition Shape
Two point mode There are two points of x anf y ‘y - y1 = (y2 - y1)/(x2 - x1) * (x - x1)’
The Point slope There are two aspects (point & slope) ‘(y – y1)= m (x – x1)’
The Slope Interception in y or x There is a point where one of the dot y = mx + c
is zero
The interception The fractional form of an equation x/a + y/b = 1
Normal The involvement of a degree x cos θ + y sin θ = p
General or standard form The integer form ‘ax + by+ c =0’
Horizontal line A line in the ‘x’ coordinate ‘x = a’
A line in the ‘y’ ‘y = b’

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The Details about Slope

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Interception in Line
The (x,y) (in the arrow) is where two
function meets

X intercept in first equation

X intercept in second equation

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Examples of solving intersection

Elimination
• Find the suitable variable that can be
eliminated first
• The x is easy to be removed, so the x
has to be removed
Possible method: substituting • The removal of x gives 3y = -30
the x first • The y value is -10
• Rearrange these two equations into 4x =
5y + 10 and 4x = 2y - 20
• The first variable gives the -10 as y with
the mechanism bellow
• 4x = 4x
• 5y + 10 = 20 -2y
Simplification • (5 – 2) y =
• Reducing the b until it has one • Substitute the first model into the second
• The simplified forms are y = 4/5 x – 2 and y • Solve the second equation to gain x
= 2x + 10
• Identify the y by one variable equation
• The linear mechanism
• 4/5 x -2 = 2x +10
• ‘x (4/5 – 2) = 10 + 2’
• ‘-6/5 x = 12’
• ‘x = - (12 * 5/6)’
• ‘x = -10’
Initial step
• Rearranging the equation into by =
mx+ c
• Details of the equation
• The eq1 is 4x – 5y -10 = 0
• The eq 2 is 4x – 2y + 20 = 0
• Rearrangement gives first one into
5y = 4x -10 and 2y = 4x + 20
• The x- intercept is (-5,0) and (-2.5,0)

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 Linear Equation
Intro

a. Two equations with one line

b. The area of triangle is a subtraction

product.

c. The intercept is where two (or more

line) meet.

d. The distance between two lines is

the hypothenuse of a triangle.

e. The formula to calculate distance

a. ‘r =

f. The coeficients of x1, x2, y1, and y2

indicated two amount of x’s and y’s

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Parallel and perpendicular

Perpendicular (left) and parallel (right) (desmos)

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 Description of previous Images
Parallel condition Perpendicular condition

Two (or more) lines have similar slope Two slope forming a right angle

One line provides identical indentation The multiplication of two slopes located
with another within two lines gives one

Having no chance to intercept One chance to intersect

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 First Step
• Mark the progress/ all progresses that can be measured .
• Assign all equations based on the question.
Line Equation • In the question there are two system:
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• The rate of water gallon flow
in Real World • The draining rate from 1200 gallon
Problem
Second Step
• Identify The question, which is when the time duration to
reach equilibrium, of a task.
• Time duration is marked as ‘x’ and gallon of water is ‘y’
• Create a mathematical equation to solve the task
• The first model is : ‘y = 6 x’
• The

Third step
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Illustrations
• The blue line is how fast the draining
process takes place.
• The orange marks the filling process
• The
Line Equation Illustration

The intercept acts as ‘shared variable’

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Illustrated Example of linear solution

Hints to solve simultaneous equation :

a. Find the ‘easy to be erased’ variable first
b. Be carefull of variable’s constant in substitution

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Steps in solving simultaneous equation
Steps in Steps in Combination of
Initial steps substitution elimination two
Rearrange the shape Rearrange one of the Remove one of the Implement the
into ax + by = c equation to one variable elimination or
Inspect which aspect variable Find the first solution
is easier to be Solve one of the Insert the first
removed by equation first solution to another
substitution or Insert one of the one
elimination solution into another Inspect the solution
equation
Inspect both of
solution

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 Visual Example 1

a. There are two examples of linear

simultaneous equations.

b. Both equation can provide ‘easy

substitution’ as the coefficient of y is
1

c. This guide line is

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 Intro to
inequalities
• The mechanism of solving inequality
may involve drawing a numerical line
to illustrate the result
• One additional thing to consider is
the condition to ‘swap sign’ if the
variable coefficient is negative.
• The numerical line illustrated to
identify the solution

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 Sign Flip
Introduction
There are conditions to initiate a ‘sign
swap’

a. Swapping the position of equation

b. Involvement of a negative number

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 Solved
Example

a. The model indicates the two ‘x’

values that fulfil the numerical line

b. An indication of ‘sign flip’ happens in

the right side as the x is in the right
side.

c. When there are two signs, identify if

it is larger sign or smaller one

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Intro to Quadratic

a. The generalized form of quadratic

is ‘ax2 + bx + c = f(x)’ where the
‘f(x)’ is zero for quadratic
equation.

b. The values of ‘a’ , ‘b’, and ‘c’ are

numerical coefficient that are
included in the equation

c. The quadratic simultaneous

variation involves ‘x’ and ‘y’
Methods to solve
quadratic
• There are three method to solve
quadratic equation or function:
• Factorization of the quadratic
• Completing the square of
factorization
Implementing the square root
ple
•
formula
Exam
• The basis to solve the quadratic
equation is to rearrange the
equation first.
• The main aspect of solving the
quadratic equation is inspecting
both values

Example by ‘Factorization’
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Other methods in solving quadratic Equation

Both requires attention

in a, b, and c of the
quadratic equation

Examples by Quadratic Formula (left) and Squaring (right)

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Details in Quadratic Formula

am ple
Ex

Info
The (b2- 4ac) is a determinant

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Details in completing the square

Additional insights for completing the square:

1. The basis is to identify the closest identital
square root (in the ‘X2’ and ‘x’)
2. Rewrite the equation to its identical quadratic.
3. The basic concept of square can be beneficial
in finding the minimum (or maximum) point.

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Sweden
Modification
Trivia in this modification:

a. The value of ‘a’ in this Sweden equation

needs to be 1.

b. The equivalent values of p and q are (b/2a)

and (c/a) when a is not 1

c. The hint to modification (2a = (4a2)1/2)

d. This modification prevents the search of

determinant and the identification of roots.

e. The modified with a is not 1 is

a. This second variation modified the ‘a value’

Base of modification:
‘x1 + x2 = -b/2a‘ and ‘x1 * x2 = c/a’
The coefficient of ‘a’ is 1
 Quadratic
inequality
Additional tips in soling quadratic inequation:

a. Inspect the sign. The ‘>’ means solutions

that are larger than 0 while ‘<‘ means lower
than 0

b. Dealing with fractions that may form

quadratic requires the denominator is/are
not zero or number(s) that is/are able to
become zero

c. The additional step tobe included in solving

quadratic inequality is inspecting numerical
line.

d. Types of solution
a. If x is positive, the solution is larger than the
positive or smaller than the second
b. When x is negative the solution is between
these two

e. Question involving multiple equation

requires intercepting numerical line

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Example of
simultaneous
equation of
Initial phase : rearrangement
quadratic
Quadratic solving the result
‘y = x2+ 5x - 9’ and ‘y
= x-4 ’ The solving of y
The factorization (or
Alignment into ‘x2+ other method) gives If x is -1 the y is -5
5x + 9 = x – 4’ (x + 1) and (x – 5)
The result of y is 1
Second phase into x The results are -1
2
when x is 5
+ 4x – 5 = 0 and 5
The solutions are (5,
1) or (-1, -5)
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Second Example
First step Second Step Third step
• The • Reformatting • Inserting either
rearrangement the equation ‘-5’ or ‘2’
into ‘y = x + 3’ into ‘x2 + x2 + 6x • The ‘y value’ is -
• The + 9 = 29‘ 2 when x is -5
substitution of • The result after • The ‘ y value‘ is
y in the first rearrangement 5 when x is 2
equation x2 + (x gives ‘2x2 + 6x –
+ 3)2 = 29 20 = 0’ before
solving the
quadratic
equation.
• The results are
‘(2 (x + 5) (x –
2) = 0)’
• Main results
are -5 or 2
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Rearranging the equation into ax2 – 7x = bx – 3

Third example First
step Transform into left handed side (ax2 + (-(7+b))x + 3

Searching determinant (b2 – 4ac) that is larger than 0

Second Writing (-(7+b))2 – 4 (a) (3) > 0

step
Reformatting the formula (-(7+b))2 > 12 a

Identify the ‘a’ and ‘b’ value that can finish the equation
Third
step The said equation is : ’12a <(-(7+b)2)’ or ‘ a < (-(7+b)2)/12’

Choice ‘d’ is acceptable

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Equality and Inequality

Rearranging the Inspecting the Solving the Investigating the

equation equation second equation solution for
• ‘y = 5 – 2x’ in the • ‘The equation can • The result of ‘y’ is -1 inequality
first one be 2x2 – 3x – 16 = 5 when x=3 or ‘y = 12 • The ‘<‘ means the
• ‘y = 2x2 – 3x – 16’ in – 2x‘ when x is -7/2 solution is between
Same y value the second one • The rearrangement these two numbers
gives ‘2x2 – x -21 = • The solution is -
0’ 7/2<x<3
• The factors (x) are -
7/2 and 3
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Other Inequality

First step Second step Final step

• Rearrange the equation • Factorize the quadratic • Inspect if the solution is
into ‘ 8/x2 – 9/x + 1 <=0 inequation larger than 0 or smaller
’ • The factor result is (x - than 0 (the ‘smaller
• Rationalize the 1) or (x-8) and x is not 0 than 0’ is picked )
question into ‘1/x2(8 - • Insert the values of
9x + x2)’ where x is solution
never zero • The solution is ‘1 <x < 8’

Caution ! (the ‘x value’ can not 0)

 Information to Real World
Cautions
Application 41

Intro to real world

application of Read the problem and identify the unknown
equation (including Illustrate the model of question first
quantity.

quadratic one) Identify if it is the equation, inequation or Formulate the equations in terms of the
quadratic variable to be determined.
• Application of quadratic
Solve the quadratic equation using any of
Choose a variable to represent this quantity.
• calculating projectile motion (like the methods mentioned above.
throwing a ball)
Reject the solution which does not have a
• meaning for the problem.
optimizing business profits
• designing structures like bridges Step 6: Check the answer to make sure it
makes sense.
and satellite dishes
• analyzing sports trajectories
determining the area of enclose
space
 Additional info in
application

• Units that can not be negative

• Age of a person or an item
• Time of a unit
• Length and width of a unit
• Measurement

• Measurement results that are

illogical have to be ignored.
• Numerical values from solution
have to be evaluated carefully

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Variable The example of variables for two seat and four seat are x and y
Real world declaration respectively

application of The basis to calculate total table is (x + y = 28).

Equality and The amount of total customers in those table is (2x + 4y = 90).

Inequality
Initial The second equation can be simplified into ‘x + 2y = 45’
solving

The solution of ‘y’ (table for four) is 17

Final step Calculating the amount of x from y = 17

The result of x (table for two) is 11

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Question 1
• The model is the determination of a positive x value of an area
• The limit area in mathematical form is ‘4x (x+3) < 112’
• The rearrangement gives ‘x (x+3) < 28’ that can be modified to
‘x2 + 3x -28 < 0’
• The results are -7 and 4, but the positive result is needed.
Inequality Therefore, the result is 4 cm
Application
Question 2
• The basis of the model is to inspect the range of y in a simple
inequation
• The top side is 2y as the total of bottom side is 4y
• The formula to write the perimeter is the sum of all side (4y +
3 + 2y + y +2y + y+3). The total is (10y + 6)
• Inspect the two possibilities
• First case (10y + 6 > 20)
• The first result is 1.4 cm
• Second case (10y + 6 < 54)
• The second case is 4.8 cm
Thank you for Listening

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