8/19/17

LINEAR EQUATIONS and

INEQUALITIES in TWO VARIABLES
Math 2
Prepared by: Eden de Joya

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Learning Targets:
Describe the Cartesian Coordinate System
Define linear equations in two variables (LETV)
Define the general and standard form of LETV
Identify solutions of LETV
Find graph and solution of LETV
Find the slope and intercepts of a line
Graph/write LETV using: Two-point form, Intercept form,
Point-slope form, and slope-intercept form
Define parallel and perpendicular lines
Define Linear Inequalities in Two Variables
Graph Linear Inequalities in Two Variables 2

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CARTESIAN COORDINATE SYSTEM

or RECTANGULAR COORDINATE SYSTEM

Rene Descartes is
remembered as the
creator of analytic or
coordinate geometry.
Cartesian is the Latin word
for Descartes; and the
numbers in the ordered
pair are called the
Cartesian coordinates. 3

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The Equations of a Line

General Form of a Linear Equation
A linear equation in two variables of
the form ax + by + c = 0, where a, b, and
c are real numbers, provided that a and b
are not both zero.
Example: 3x + 4y 12 = 0
Other Examples:
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The Equations of a Line

Standard Form of a Linear Equation
A linear equation in two variables of
the form ax + by = c, where a, b, and c
are real numbers, provided that a and b
are not both zero.
Example: 3x + 4y = 12
Other Examples:
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SOLUTIONS of Linear Equations

in Two Variables
The solutions of an equation with two variables
are ordered pairs of numbers.
Example: EQUATION: 2x + y = 6
Solutions: (0, 6), (1, 4)
Not a solution: (1, 1) Why?
x 0 1
y 6 4
2x + y 6 6
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How to graph an equation?

Step 1: Make a table of values

Step 2: Using graph paper, construct a two-
dimensional coordinate system
Step 3: Plot the ordered pairs from the table of
values
Step 4: Connect the points in order
Step 5: Label the graph with the equation

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Example: Graph the equation y = 2x

x y
-3 -6
-2 -4
-1 -2
0 0
1 2
2 4
3 6
4 8

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Example: Graph the equation y = 2x

x y
-3 -6
-2 -4
-1 -2
0 0
1 2
2 4
3 6
4 8

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The Slope of a Line

The steepness of a line is
measured by the ratio of
the change in the vertical
distance, y2 - y1, to the
change in the horizontal
distance, x2 - x1, between
any two points on the line.
This measure is the slope
of the line and is denoted
by the symbol m.

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The 4 Types of Slope

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Definitions: Intercepts
The x-intercept is the The y-intercept is the
point where the graph point where the graph
crosses the x-axis. crosses the y-axis.
To find the x-intercept, To find the y-intercept,
set y = 0, then solve for set x = 0, then solve for
y x
x-intercept: (x, 0) y-intercept: (0, y)

Example:

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Example: Find the x-intercept and

y-intercept of 3x + 6y = 12
To find the x-intercept: (?, 0)
3x + 6(0) = 12
3x = 12
x = 4 x-int (4, 0)
To find the y-intercept: (0, ?)
3(0) + 6y = 12
6y = 12
y = 2 y-int (0, 2)
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The Equations of a Line

Slope-Intercept Form of a Linear
Equation
A linear equation in two variables of
the form y = mx + b, where m is the
slope and b is the y-intercept.
Example: y = 2x + 1

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Example: Graph y = 2x + 1

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The Equations of a Line

Point-Slope Form of a Linear Equation
A linear equation in two variables of
the form y y1 = m(x x1) , having slope
m and passing through (x1, y1).
Example: Line has slope 2 and passes
through (3, 1)
y 1 = 2(x 3)
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Example: y 1 = 2(x 3)

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The Equations of a Line

Two-Point Form of a Linear Equation
A linear equation in two variables of the
form y y1 = [(y2 y1)/(x2 x1)](x x1),
passing through (x2, y2) and (x1, y1).
Example: Line passes through (1, 3) and (5, 4)

y 3 = [(4 3)/(5 1)](x 1)

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The Equations of a Line

Intercepts Form of a Linear Equation
A linear equation in two variables of
the form x/a + y/b = 1, where the x-
intercept is (a, 0) and the y-intercept is and
(0, b).
Example: Line passes thorugh (2, 0) and
(0, 3)
x/2 + y/3 = 1
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Exercises:
For each equation, find some solutions and make a table of values. Plot
some points on the Cartesian plane. Label and connect the points to find
the graphical solution. Find the slope, x-intercept, and y-intercept, if any.

Given slope y-intercept y-intercept

xy=0
x+y=4
y = () x
y=4
x=3
y 3 = 2 (x 1)
y 5 = (4 5)/(3 2) (x 2)
x/2 + y/3 = 1

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Linear Inequalities in
Two Variables

Inequalities of the form

ax + by < c or ax + by > c or
ax + by c or ax + by c
where a, b, and c are real numbers,
provided that a and b are not both zero.

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Linear Inequalities in
Two Variables
Examples:
1.y < 2x + 1
2.y > 3x + 4
3.x + y 4
4.2x 3y 0

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Graphing Linear Inequalities in Two

Variables

Example: Graph y < 2x

STEP 1 Graph the boundary line y = 2x.
STEP 2 Use dotted line to draw the boundary line
STEP 3 Choose a test point that does not lie on
the boundary line.
STEP 4 Plug in the coordinates of the test point in
the given inequality. If the resulting
inequality yields a true statement, shade
the half-plane that contains the test
point. Otherwise, shade the other half-plane.

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Graphing Linear Inequalities in

Two Variables
The graph of a linear equation identifies three
sets of points in the coordinate plane.
1.The set of points in the half-plane above the
line.
2. The set of points in the half-plane below the
line.
3.The set of points on line. The line is the
boundary or edge of each half-plane.

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Graphing Linear Inequalities in

Two Variables

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Graphing Linear Inequalities in

Two Variables
If the symbol of inequality
is < or >, the graph of the
inequality is an open half-
plane. It consists of all
points in the plane that are
on one side of the
boundary line.
Example:
ax + by < c
ax + by > c
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Graphing Linear Inequalities in

Two Variables
If the symbol of inequality
is or , the graph of the
inequality is a closed half-
plane. It consists of all
points in the plane that are
on one side of the
boundary line.
Example:
ax + by c
ax + by c
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Parallel Lines
Two lines are parallel if and only if their
slopes are equal but their y-intercepts
are different.
Examples:
1.y = 2x and y = 2x + 5 are parallel
2.y = 4 and y = 3 are parallel
3.x = 2 and x = 5 are parallel
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Perpendicular Lines
Two diagonal lines are perpendicular if the
product of their slopes is 1.
Examples:
1.y = 2x and y = (1/2)x + 5 are perpendicular
2.y = 4 and x = 3 are perpendicular
3.y = (2/3)x and y = (3/2)x + 4 are
perpendicular

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Exercises:
A. Find the distance between the given points and
the slope of the line

Given points Distance Slope

1. A(0, 0) & B(0, 5)

2. A(0, 0) & B(- 4, 0)

3. A(0, 0) & B(3, 3)

4. A(1, 3) & B(2, 7)

5. A(- 4, 3) & B(- 2, - 3)

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Exercises:
B. Find the slope, x-intercept, and y-intercept, if any,
of each line.
Given Slope x-intercept y-intercept

1. y = 5 + x

2. x = - 4

3. 2x + y = 3

4. y = 4 - 2x

5. y = 8

6. x/3 y/2 = 1
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Exercises:
C. State YES if the given point lies on the graph of
the inequality 2x y 6. Otherwise, state NO.
1. (0, 0)
2. (3, 2)
3. (1, 5)
4. (3, 4)
5. (0, 8)
6. (7, 0)

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Exercises:
D. Tell whether the given lines are coincident
parallel, intersecting or perpendicular.
1. y = 3x 5 and y = 3x + 7

2. 2x + y = 5 and 6x + 3y = 15

3. x 3y = 2 and 2x 6y = 5

4. x = 5 and y = 0

5. y = 2x + 5 and y = (1/2) x 4

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Exercises:
E. Find the equation of the line that passes through
P(3, 4) and
1. parallel to the x-axis
2. perpendicular to the y-axis
3. parallel to y = 8
4. perpendicular to x = 5
5. parallel to y = 2x 4
6. perpendicular to y = x + 6.

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Exercises:
F. Graph each inequality.
1. y > 3x 1

2. y 2x + 3

3. x 2y < 4

4. 3x + 4 8

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SEATWORK
A. Find the slope-intercept form of lines AB and
CD. Classify the given pairs of lines as
parallel, coincident, perpendicular, or
intersecting.
1. A(2, 7), B(3, 6) and C(4, 2) , D(9, 1)
2. A(2, 5), B(8, 7) and C(3, 1) , D(2, 2)
3. A(5, 3), B(5, 2) and C(6, 2) , D(4, 5)
4. A(4, 0), B(4, 7) and C(3, 1) , D(5, 1)

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SEATWORK
B. Solve the following problems.
1. Find the value of n such that the slope of the
segment with endpoints M(n, 5) and Q(3, 1) is 4.
2. The line containing E(a, 3) and F(2, 0) is parallel
to the line containing D(2, 8) and C(3, 4). Find
a.
3. Find k if the line through R(5, 3) and S(0, k) is
perpendicular to the line through T(3, 2) and
V(2, 5)

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SEATWORK
B. Solve the following problems.
4. Find the equation of the line that contains the
origin and is parallel to the line 2x + 3y = 5.
5. Find the equation of the line that contains the
point Q(4, 7) and is perpendicular to 3x 3y =
6.
6. Find the equation of the line parallel to the x-axis
and 3 units below it.
7. Find the equation of the line parallel to the y-axis
and 7 units to the left of it.

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SEATWORK
C. Graph the following
inequalities.
1. y < 2x + 5
2. x + 3y > 6
3. 3x + y 4
4. 2x + 3y 6 0

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END OF PRESENTATION!
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