Pampanga River Irrigation Systems

NATIONAL WATER RESOURCES BOARD
THE REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES
THE STUDY
ON
INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT
FOR
POVERTY ALLEVIATION AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
IN
THE PAMPANGA RIVER BASIN
IN
THE REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES
FINAL REPORT
VOLUME II: MAIN REPORT
JANUARY 2011
JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY
CTI ENGINEERING INTERNATIONAL CO., LTD.

in association with
NIPPON KOEI CO., LTD.
Composition of Final Report
Volume I: Summary
Volume II: Main Report
Volume III: Supporting Reports
Sector A: Topography and Meteo-Hydrology
Sector B: Socio-Economy
Sector C: Agricultural and Fishery Water Management
Sector D: Municipal Water Supply, Sanitation and Sewerage System
Management
Sector E: Flood and Sediment Disaster Management
Sector F: Water-related Environmental Management
Sector G: Watershed Management
Sector H: Water Resources Development and Management
Volume IV: Supporting Reports
Sector I: Socio-Environmental Consideration
Sector J: Guideline for Formulation of IWRM Plan
Sector K: Formulation of IWRM Plan
Sector L: Plans for Legal and Institutional Framework
Sector M: Water-related Data Management
Appendix: Minutes and Discussion Records on SC, TWG and Stakeholder
Meetings
Exchange Rate used in the Report is:

PHP 1.00 = US$ 0.0217 = JP¥ 1.934
US$ 1.00 = PhP 46.15 = JP¥ 89.25
(as of 31st December 2009)
Pages
Location Map
Table of Contents
Table of Contents .................................................................................................................................... i
List of Tables in Report ........................................................................................................................ iv
List of Annex Tables ............................................................................................................................vii
List of Figures in Report ...................................................................................................................... ix
List of Annex Figures ........................................................................................................................... ix
List of Appendix ................................................................................................................................... xi
Abbreviations and Acronyms .............................................................................................................xii
Measurement Units ......................................................................................................................... xviii
Chapter 1. Introduction .............................................................................................................. 1-1
1.1 Objectives of the Study.......................................................................................... 1-1

1.2 Extent of the Study Area ........................................................................................ 1-1
1.3 Study Schedule ...................................................................................................... 1-2
1.4 Justification of the Project Proposed in the Study ................................................. 1-2
1.5 Counterpart Agency ............................................................................................... 1-3
1.6 Steering Committee ............................................................................................... 1-4
1.7 Technical Working Group ...................................................................................... 1-4
1.8 Composition of the Final Report ........................................................................... 1-5
Chapter 2. Present Natural Conditions of the Study Area ...................................................... 2-1
2.1 Topographic Conditions ........................................................................................ 2-1

2.2 Rivers..................................................................................................................... 2-2
2.3 Meteorology .......................................................................................................... 2-3
2.4 Hydrology .............................................................................................................. 2-4
2.5 Geology ................................................................................................................. 2-7
2.6 Hydrogeology ........................................................................................................ 2-7
2.7 Water Quality ......................................................................................................... 2-7
2.8 Ecologically Sensitive Area ................................................................................. 2-11
2.9 Wildlife (Fauna)................................................................................................... 2-12
2.10 Water-Related Disasters in the Study Area .......................................................... 2-13
2.11 Land Subsidence .................................................................................................. 2-15
i
Chapter 3. Present Socio-Economic Conditions of the Study Area ........................................ 3-1
3.1 Demographic Characteristics ................................................................................. 3-1

3.2 Economic Characteristics ...................................................................................... 3-2
3.3 Land Cover ............................................................................................................ 3-8
3.4 Water Use .............................................................................................................. 3-9
3.5 Water-Related Diseases ....................................................................................... 3-14
3.6 Indigenous People ............................................................................................... 3-16
3.7 Historical and Religious Sites.............................................................................. 3-17
Chapter 4. Present Practices for Water-Related Development and Conservation in the

Study Area .......................................................................................................................... 4-1
4.1 Water Resource Development Facilities ................................................................ 4-1

4.2 Agriculture/Irrigation and Fishery Development .................................................. 4-3
4.3 Municipal Water Supply, Sanitation and Sewerage ............................................... 4-6
4.4 Hydropower Generation ...................................................................................... 4-10
4.5 Mitigation for Flood and Sediment Disasters ...................................................... 4-11
4.6 Watershed Management....................................................................................... 4-13
4.7 Water-Related Environment Management........................................................... 4-16
Chapter 5. Present Institutional-Setup for IWRM .................................................................. 5-1
5.1 Present Legal Framework ...................................................................................... 5-1

5.2 Present Institutional-Setup ..................................................................................... 5-5
5.3 Present Framework of Water Resources Management .......................................... 5-9
Chapter 6. Problems and Issues on IWRM in Pampanga River Basin .................................. 6-1
6.1 General .................................................................................................................. 6-1

6.2 Agriculture/Irrigation and Fishery Development .................................................. 6-1
6.3 Municipal Water Supply, Sanitation and Sewerage ............................................... 6-2
6.4 Mitigation for Flood and Sediment Disasters ........................................................ 6-3
6.5 Watershed Management......................................................................................... 6-5
6.6 Water-Related Environment Management............................................................. 6-7
6.7 Water Resources Development, Allocation and Distribution .............................. 6-10
6.8 Institution and Organization ................................................................................ 6-14
Chapter 7. Guideline for Formulation of IWRM Plan ............................................................ 7-1
7.1 General .................................................................................................................. 7-1

7.2 Planning Procedures .............................................................................................. 7-2
7.3 Setting of Planning Framework ............................................................................. 7-4
7.4 Selection of Eligible Projects for IWRM of Pampanga River Basin ..................... 7-4
7.5 Preliminary Study on Alternative Approaches to Specific Issues.......................... 7-5
ii
7.6 Grouping of Projects.............................................................................................. 7-5
7.7 Development Scenarios for Projects in Group-A and their Implementation
Schedule ................................................................................................................ 7-6
7.8 Evaluation and Prioritization of Inter-Sector Projects in Group-B........................ 7-7
7.9 Development Scenarios for Projects in Group-B and their Phased
Implementation Schedule ...................................................................................... 7-8
7.10 Formulation of IWRM Plan ................................................................................... 7-9
7.11 Institutional Setup Plan for the IWRM of Pampanga River Basin ...................... 7-10
7.12 Stakeholders related to the IWRM Plan for Pampanga River Basin ................... 7-10
7.13 Schedule for Planning Procedures ....................................................................... 7-11
Chapter 8. Setting of Planning Framework .............................................................................. 8-1
8.1 Target Year ............................................................................................................. 8-1

8.2 Socioeconomic Framework ................................................................................... 8-1
8.3 Visions, Objectives and Sector Goals of IWRM for the Study Area ..................... 8-2
8.4 Ceiling of Investment Cost for Projects in Group B.............................................. 8-7
Chapter 9. Selection of Eligible Projects as Components of the Proposed IWRM Plan ... 9-1
9.1 General .................................................................................................................. 9-1

9.2 Projects in the Sector of Agriculture/Irrigation and Fishery Development ........... 9-1
9.3 Projects in the Sector of Municipal Water Supply, Sanitation and Sewerage
System ................................................................................................................... 9-3
9.4 Projects in the Sector of Management for Flood and Sediment Disasters............. 9-5
9.5 Projects in the Sector of Watershed Management ................................................. 9-6
9.6 Projects in the Sector of Water-Related Environment Management ..................... 9-8
9.7 Inter-Sector Projects for Water Resources Development, Allocation and

Distribution .......................................................................................................... 9-10
Chapter 10. Preliminary Study on Alternative Approaches to Specific Issues ................... 10-1
10.1 General ................................................................................................................ 10-1

10.2 Water Resources Development, Allocation and Distribution .............................. 10-2
10.3 Flood Management .............................................................................................. 10-6
Chapter 11. Formulation of Project Implementation Schedule, Project Investment Plan

and Development Scenario .............................................................................................. 11-1
11.1 Grouping of the Projects ...................................................................................... 11-1

11.2 Project Implementation Schedule ........................................................................ 11-1
11.3 Project Investment Plan ....................................................................................... 11-3
11.4 Development Scenarios ..................................................................................... 11-10
iii
Chapter 12. Proposed Institutional Setup for IWRM .............................................................. 12-1
12.1 Study Framework ................................................................................................ 12-1

12.2 Strategic Issues and Key Actions ......................................................................... 12-1
12.3 Outcomes by Amendment of Related Laws, Rules and Guidelines .................... 12-7
12.4 Capacity Assessment of Organizations ................................................................ 12-9
12.5 Strengthening of Financial Capacity for Sustainable IWRM ............................ 12-18
Chapter 13. Environmental and Social Consideration on Programs and Projects of the
IWRM Plan...................................................................................................................... 13-1
13.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................... 13-1

13.2 Existing Legislation and Legal Systems governing Environmental and Social
Consideration in the Philippines .......................................................................... 13-1
13.3 Preliminary Evaluation of Potential Environmental and Social Impacts ............ 13-5
13.4 Identification of Necessary Monitoring Items during the Project Cycle ........... 13-12
13.5 Important Notice on Implementation of the Projects ............................................ 13-14
Chapter 14. Conclusions and Recommendations ..................................................................... 14-1
14.1 Principal Water-related Problems in Pampanga River Basin............................... 14-1

14.2 Significance and Necessity of IWRM for Pampanga River Basin ...................... 14-2
14.3 Recommendations on the Proposed IWRM Plan for Pampanga River Basin ..... 14-2
14.4 Proposed Institutional Setup for IWRM in Pampanga River Basin .................... 14-5
14.5 Application of the Results of the Study to the Future IWRM in Philippines ...... 14-6
List of Tables
List of Tables in Report
Table 1.2.1 Extent of and Number of Cities/Municipalities Overlapped with the Study
Area....................................................................................................................... 1-1
Table 1.5.1 Counterpart Personnel for the Study ..................................................................... 1-3
Table 1.8.1 Composition of the Final Report .......................................................................... 1-5
Table 2.1.1 Elevation Classification in the Study Area ........................................................... 2-1
Table 2.1.2 Slope Classification in the Study Area.................................................................. 2-1
Table 2.3.1 Climatic Gauging Stations in and around the Study Area..................................... 2-3
Table 2.3.2 Monthly Variation of Precipitation for the Entire Study Area .............................. 2-3
Table 2.3.3 Monthly Variation of Climatic Parameters at CLSU Muñoz ................................ 2-4
Table 2.7.1 Water Usage and Classification for Fresh Surface Waters .................................... 2-8
Table 2.7.2 Guideline Values for Different Classes of Water for Monitored Parameters ........ 2-8
Table 2.7.3 Classification of Applicable Water Usages of Principal Rivers in Pampanga
River Basin ........................................................................................................... 2-8
iv
Table 2.7.4 Summary of Over-Year Average Water Quality of Pampanga River and San
Fernando River ..................................................................................................... 2-9
Table 2.7.5 Results of Water Quality Test for Groundwater Managed by Water Districts in
and around the Study Area .................................................................................. 2-10
Table 2.8.1 Protected Areas in and around the Study Area under the NIPAS........................ 2-11
Table 2.8.2 Existing Mangrove in the Study Area ................................................................. 2-12
Table 2.9.1 Species Listed in the Red List for Conservation in and around the Study Area . 2-12
Table 2.10.1 Recent Recorded Major Flood Damage in Pampanga, Bulacan and Nueva
Ecija Provinces ................................................................................................... 2-13
Table 2.10.2 River Channel Flow Capacity and Probable Peak Runoff Discharge ................. 2-13
Table 3.1.1 Estimated Population in the Study Area ............................................................... 3-1
Table 3.1.2 Estimated Annual Average Population Growth in the Study Area ........................ 3-1
Table 3.1.3 Estimated Population Density in the Study Area .................................................. 3-2
Table 3.1.4 Ten Cities/Municipalities with Higher Rank of Population Density in the
Study Area............................................................................................................. 3-2
Table 3.2.1 GRDPs of Three Regions in a Higher Rank and their Shares to GNP ................. 3-3
Table 3.2.2 Share of Gross Value Added of Region III to National Total in 2007 .................. 3-3
Table 3.2.3 Volume of Paddy Production by Region in 2007 .................................................. 3-4
Table 3.2.4 Gross Value Added in Industrial Origin in Region III .......................................... 3-5
Table 3.2.5 Annual Average Growth Rate of Gross Value Added in Industrial Sectors of
Region III from 1995 to 2007 ............................................................................... 3-6
Table 3.2.6 Number of Employees in Each Occupation .......................................................... 3-6
Table 3.2.7 Gross Value Added per Head of Employee........................................................... 3-7
Table 3.2.8 Annual Average Family Income in Region III ...................................................... 3-7
Table 3.2.9 Annual Per Capita Poverty Threshold and Incidences of Population for Whole
Country and Four Provinces Overlapped with Study Area ................................... 3-7
Table 3.3.1 Land Cover Category in the Study Area ............................................................... 3-8
Table 3.4.1 Definition of Water Use by the Water Code ......................................................... 3-9
Table 3.4.2 Summary of Granted Water Use Permits in the Study Area ................................. 3-9
Table 3.4.3 Summary of Estimated Present Water Demand in the Study Area ..................... 3-10
Table 3.4.4 Historical Trend of Irrigation Water Charges of NISs in and around the Study
Area..................................................................................................................... 3-12
Table 3.4.5 Water Tariff for Municipal Water Service of Water Districts under the
Jurisdiction of LWUA ......................................................................................... 3-12
Table 3.4.6 Average Unit Water Tariff for Municipal Water Supply in Last 10 Years .......... 3-13
Table 3.4.7 Water Tariff for Municipal Water Service by Private WSPs under the
Jurisdiction of NWRB ........................................................................................ 3-13
Table 3.4.8 Annual Collection Ratio of Irrigation Service Fees for National Irrigation
System................................................................................................................. 3-13
Table 3.4.9 Annual Collection Ratio of Water Tariff for Municipal Water Supply Service .. 3-14
Table 3.5.1 Typical Cases of Water-Related Diseases ........................................................... 3-14
Table 3.5.2 Number of Water-Related Diseases in the Philippines and Region III
(Five-Year Average for 1995 to 1998 and 2002)................................................. 3-15
Table 3.6.1 Population of Indigenous People in and around the Study Area as of 2006 ....... 3-16
Table 3.6.2 Status of AD/AL (Ancestral Land) Delineation and Titling in and around the
Study Area as of March 9, 2010.......................................................................... 3-17
Table 3.7.1 Historical sites and Landmarks in the Study Area .............................................. 3-18
Table 4.1.1 Fundamental Features of Existing Storage Dams ................................................. 4-1
Table 4.1.2 Summary of Features of Proposed Storage Dams ................................................ 4-2
Table 4.1.3 Summary of Possible Storage Dam Sites for Municipal Water Supply ................ 4-3
Table 4.2.1 Type of Irrigation System in the Study Area......................................................... 4-3
Table 4.2.2 Summary of National Irrigation Systems (NISs) in the Study Area ..................... 4-4
Table 4.2.3 Summary of On-going National Irrigation Projects.............................................. 4-4
Table 4.2.4 Summary of Proposed National Irrigation Projects .............................................. 4-5
Table 4.2.5 Summary of Proposed Small-Scale Irrigations under BSWM.............................. 4-5
v
Table 4.2.6 Fish Production in 2008 by Province .................................................................... 4-5
Table 4.3.1 Present Coverage Ratio of the Water Supply Service System in the Study Area . 4-7
Table 4.3.2 Updated Water Allocation in Angat-Umiray System ............................................ 4-7
Table 4.3.3 Objective Service Area of Bulacan Bulk Water Supply Project ........................... 4-9
Table 4.3.4 Safe Water Ratio Relative to Sanitation Facilities ................................................ 4-9
Table 4.5.1 Completed Major Structural Flood Mitigation Projects ..................................... 4-11
Table 4.5.2 Ongoing and Proposed Major Structural Flood Mitigation Projects .................. 4-12
Table 4.6.1 Ongoing Watershed Management Programs and Projects .................................. 4-13
Table 4.7.1 Ongoing Water-Related Environment Management Programs and Projects ...... 4-17
Table 5.1.1 Hierarchy of Laws and Regulations in Philippines............................................... 5-2
Table 5.3.1 Existing and Planned River Basin Management Organizations ......................... 5-18
Table 5.3.2 Types of RBO ..................................................................................................... 5-18
Table 5.3.3 Types of River Basin Organization in the Philippines and Other Countries ....... 5-19
Table 6.4.1 Recently Recorded Major Flood Damage in Pampanga Bulacan and Nueva
Ecija Provinces ..................................................................................................... 6-3
Table 6.4.2 Estimated Extent of Flood Area and Population in the Flood Area for the
Typhoon Marce, Aug. 2004 .................................................................................. 6-3
Table 6.4.3 River Channel Flow Capacity and Probable Peak Runoff Discharge ................... 6-4
Table 6.7.1 Evaluation of Present and Future Risk for Groundwater Usage ......................... 6-11
Table 7.4.1 Projects Eligible for the IWRM of Pampanga River Basin .................................. 7-5
Table 7.7.1 Typical Development Scenarios by the Projects in Group-A ............................... 7-7
Table 7.8.1 Categories and Criterions for the Evaluation of Projects ...................................... 7-8
Table 7.12.1 Hierarchies and Functions of Stakeholders ......................................................... 7-11
Table 8.2.1 Projected Population Growth Rates for the Study Area ........................................ 8-1
Table 8.2.2 Annual Average Growth Rate of Gross Value Added in Region III from 1995
to 2007 .................................................................................................................. 8-1
Table 8.2.3 Average Annual Increase Rate of Wholesale Price Index against Previous Year . 8-1
Table 8.3.1 Objectives Delineated in MTPDP 2004-2010 ...................................................... 8-2
Table 8.3.2 Sustainable Outcomes and Strategic Themes in the IWRM Plan Framework ...... 8-5
Table 8.3.3 Vision Statement ................................................................................................... 8-5
Table 8.3.4 Goals in Each of the Sectors of Water Development and Management ............... 8-7
Table 8.4.1 Ceilings of Investment Cost for Projects in Group B ........................................... 8-7
Table 8.4.2 Summary of National Government Budget .......................................................... 8-7
Table 8.4.3 National Budget Allocated to the Projects for Water-Related Infrastructure
Development ......................................................................................................... 8-8
Table 9.1.1 Number of Programs and Projects as Components of the Proposed IWRM
Plan ....................................................................................................................... 9-1
Table 9.2.1 Projects for Agriculture/Irrigation and Fishery Development .............................. 9-2
Table 9.3.1 Projects for Municipal Water Supply, Sanitation and Sewerage ........................... 9-3
Table 9.4.1 Projects for Management of Flood and Sediment Disasters ................................. 9-5
Table 9.5.1 Projects for Watershed Management .................................................................... 9-7
Table 9.6.1 Projects for Water-Related Environmental Management...................................... 9-9
Table 9.7.1 Inter-Sector Projects for Water Resources Development, Allocation and
Distribution ......................................................................................................... 9-11
Table 10.1.1 Projects Estimated to contain Alternative Approaches to Specific Issues .......... 10-1
Table 10.2.1 Possible Options for Recovery of Water Supply in Angat-Umiray System ........ 10-3
Table 10.2.2 Components of the Alternative Plans.................................................................. 10-4
Table 10.2.3 Comparison of Alternative Plans ........................................................................ 10-5
Table 10.3.1 Alternatives for Flood Mitigation of the Lower/Middle Reaches of Pampanga
River ................................................................................................................... 10-7
Table 10.3.2 Summary of Evaluation of Alternative Plans...................................................... 10-7
Table 11.1.1 Results on Grouping of the Projects ................................................................... 11-1
Table 11.2.1 Number of Projects to be implemented in Each of Short, Mid and Long-term .. 11-3
Table 11.3.1 Project Cost to be disbursed in Each of Short, Mid and Long-term ................... 11-3
Table 11.3.2 Project Investment Cost divided according to Classifications and Status of the
vi
Projects (Project Implementation Period: 2011 – 2025) ..................................... 11-4
Table 11.3.3 Project Investment Cost divided according to Classifications and
Implementing Bodies of the Projects (Project Implementation Period:
2011-2025) .......................................................................................................... 11-4
Table 11.3.4 Project Investment Cost for Agriculture, Irrigation and Fishery Development .. 11-5
Table 11.3.5 Project Investment Cost for Development of Municipal Water Supply,
Sanitation and Sewerage ..................................................................................... 11-5
Table 11.3.6 Conversion of Project Investment Cost to Unit Cost .......................................... 11-6
Table 11.3.7 Project Investment Cost for Management of Flood and Sediment Disasters...... 11-8
Table 11.3.8 Projects by DPWH for Management of Flood and Sediment Disasters ............. 11-8
Table 11.3.9 Project Investment Cost for Watershed management ......................................... 11-9
Table 11.3.10 Project Investment Cost for Water-related Environment Management .............. 11-9
Table 11.3.11 Project Investment Cost for Inter-Sector Water Resources Development,
Allocation and Distribution .............................................................................. 11-10
Table 12.4.1 Countermeasures and Corresponding NGAs/RLAs and LGUs for
Empowerment ................................................................................................... 12-11
Table 12.4.2 Key Actions to Strengthen NGAs and LGUs.................................................... 12-12
Table 12.4.3 Advantages and Disadvantages of three RBO options ..................................... 12-14
Table 12.4.4 Allocation of Operation Cost of RBC ............................................................... 12-17
Table 12.4.5 Role of NGAs/RLAs and LGUs for Monitoring System.................................. 12-18
Table 12.5.1 Key Actions to Strengthen Financial Capacity for Sustainable IWRM ............ 12-19
Table 13.2.1 Summary of Environmentally Critical Projects (ECPs) ..................................... 13-2
Table 13.2.2 Summary of Environmentally Critical Areas (ECAs)......................................... 13-3
Table 13.2.3 Project Groups for EIA under PEISS .................................................................. 13-4
Table 13.2.4 Summary of Project Groups, EIA Report Types, Decision Documents,
Deciding Authorities and Processing Duration ................................................... 13-6
Table 13.3.1 Proposed and Conceptual Programs and Projects in the IWRM Plan Covered
by PEISS ............................................................................................................. 13-7
Table 13.3.2 Alternative Options for Conceptual Projects Categorized as
Environmentally Critical Projects ....................................................................... 13-9
Table 13.3.3 Proposed and Conceptual Programs and Projects in the IWRM Plan with
Possible Negative Environmental Impacts Identified in the Initial Screening
Process .............................................................................................................. 13-11
Table 13.3.4 Details, Timing of Occurrence and Mitigation Measures for Significant
Adverse Impacts (A-)........................................................................................ 13-12
Table 13.3.5 Details, Timing of Occurrence and Mitigation Measures for Less Significant
Adverse Impacts (B-) ........................................................................................ 13-13
Table 13.4.1 Recommended Monitoring Measures for Environmental Parameters at the
Construction Phase ........................................................................................... 13-17
Table 13.4.2 Recommended Monitoring Measures for Environmental Parameters at the
Operation Phase ................................................................................................ 13-17
List of Annex Tables
Annex-T 1.2.1 Overlapping Ration of Study Area with the Administrative Area of
City/Municipality ..................................................................................... ANT-1-1
Annex-T 2.3.1 List of Meteorological Gauging Stations (for Precipitation)..................... ANT-2-1
Annex-T 2.3.2 List of Meteorological Gauging Stations .................................................. ANT-2-2
Annex-T 2.4.1 List of Hydrological Gauging Stations...................................................... ANT-2-3
Annex-T 2.5.1 Geology in the Study Area ........................................................................ ANT-2-4
Annex-T 2.7.1 Monitoring Record of Water Quality for Pampanga River ....................... ANT-2-5
Annex-T 2.7.2 Monitoring Record of Water Quality for San Fernando River .................. ANT-2-6
vii
Annex-T 2.7.3 Groundwater Quality Test Results for Wells Operated by Water
Districts (Bulacan Province) .................................................................... ANT-2-7
Districts (Pampanga Province) ................................................................ ANT-2-8
Districts (Nueva Ecija Province) ............................................................. ANT-2-9
Annex-T 2.10.1 Recorded Flood Damage in Provinces of Nueva Ecija, Pampanga
and Bulacan............................................................................................ ANT-2-10
Annex-T 3.1.1 Population and Population Growth within the Study Area ....................... ANT-3-1
Annex-T 3.1.2 Rank of Cities/Municipalities in Terms of Higher Population Density
in the Study Area...................................................................................... ANT-3-2
Annex-T 3.3.1 Category for Land Cover ........................................................................ ANT-3-3
Annex-T 3.4.1 Rate Systems by Water Districts for Municipal Water .............................. ANT-3-4
Annex-T 3.4.2 Rate Systems of CPC Grantees for Municipal / Commercial /
Industrial Water ...................................................................................... ANT-3-6
Annex-T 3.4.3 Rate Systems of CPC Grantees for Municipal/Commercial/Industrial
Water ........................................................................................................ ANT-3-7
Annex-T 4.3.1 Present Coverage Ratio of the Water Supply Service System in the
Study Area................................................................................................ ANT-4-1
Annex-T 4.3.2 Present Sanitation Facilities ...................................................................... ANT-4-2
Annex-T 5.1.1 Water Sector Laws and Policies ................................................................ ANT-5-1
Annex-T 5.2.1 Mandate of Key Government Agencies in Water Resources
Management............................................................................................. ANT-5-3
Annex-T 5.2.2 Key Water Supply Sector Agencies: Delineated Roles and
Responsibilities ........................................................................................ ANT-5-6
Annex-T 5.2.3 Institutional Structure of Water Supply and Sanitation ............................. ANT-5-7
Annex-T 5.2.4 Institutional Structure of National Government Agencies in Flood
Mitigation ................................................................................................ ANT-5-8
Annex-T 5.3.1 NWRB 2005 Fees and Charges................................................................. ANT-5-9
Annex-T 6.7.1 Evaluation of Water Usage Condition for Groundwater Source ............... ANT-6-1
Annex-T 6.7.2 Deficit of Sustainable Local Groundwater Source by
Municipality/City ..................................................................................... ANT-6-2
Annex-T 7.8.1 Scoring Criteria for Evaluation of the Project ......................................... ANT-7-1
Annex-T 9.2.1 Project profile for Agricultural Sector ..................................................... ANT-9-1
Annex-T 9.3.1 Project profile for Municipal Water Supply, Sanitation and Sewerage
Sector ................................................................................................... ANT-9-17
Annex-T 9.4.1 Project profile for Flood and Sediment Disaster Management Sector .. ANT-9-29
Annex-T 9.5.1 Project profile for Watershed Management Sector ............................... ANT-9-36
Annex-T 9.6.1 Project profile for Water-related Environment Management Sector ..... ANT-9-52
Annex-T 9.7.1 Project profile for Inter-Sector for Water Resources Management
Sector ................................................................................................... ANT-9-58
Annex-T 11.1.1 Grouping of Projects (Group-A Projects) ............................................... ANT-11-1
Annex-T 11.2.1 Principal Objectives and Contents of Major Discussions in TWG
Meetings, Stakeholder Meeting and Joint SC and TWG Meeting in
September and October 2010 ................................................................. ANT-11-3
Annex-T 11.2.2 Development Scenarios and Relevant Projects (Group-A) ..................... ANT-11-6
Annex-T 11.2.3 Implementation Schedule for Group-A Projects ..................................... ANT-11-8
Annex-T 11.2.4 Results of Evaluation (Scoring) of Group-B Projects by Study Team .... ANT-11-9
Annex-T 11.2.5 Results of Evaluation (Scoring) of Group-B Projects by TWG
Members .............................................................................................. ANT-11-10
Annex-T 11.2.6 Group-B Projects to be Implemented in Short, Mid and Long Term .... ANT-11-11
Annex-T 11.2.7 Implementation Schedule for Group-B Projects ................................... ANT-11-12
Annex-T 11.2.8 Development Scenarios and Relevant Projects (Group-B) ................... ANT-11-13
Annex-T 12.4.1 Institutional Structure of Watershed and Forest Management ................ ANT-12-1
Annex-T 13.3.1 Outlines of Proposed and Conceptual Projects and Programs of
viii
IWRM Plan ............................................................................................ ANT-13-1
Annex-T 13.3.2 Summary of Environmental Scoping for Projects and Programs of
IWRM Plan ............................................................................................ ANT-13-8
List of Figures
List of Figures in Report
Figure 1.3.1 Study Schedule ..................................................................................................... 1-2

Figure 2.4.1 Long-term Trend of Annual Average Discharge at Gauging Stations HMS 343
and HMS 334 ........................................................................................................ 2-5
Figure 2.4.2 Location of Hydrometric Stations of HMS 334 and HMS 343 ............................ 2-6
Figure 2.4.3 Variation of Monthly Discharge of Pampanga River ............................................ 2-6
Figure 2.7.1 TDS of Groundwater in Each Province .............................................................. 2-10
Figure 2.7.2 Possible Extent of Saltwater Encroached Area Estimated by NWRC in 1982 ... 2-10
Figure 2.10.1 Observed and Predicted Runoff Volume of Lahar by PHILVOLCS................... 2-14
Figure 3.2.1 Share of Gross Value Added by Region to National Total in the Agricultural
Sector (year 2007)................................................................................................. 3-3
Figure 3.2.2 Long Term Variation of Contribution Ratio of GRDP and GVA of Region III
to National Total ................................................................................................... 3-3
Figure 3.2.3 Volume of Irrigated Paddy Production by Region ................................................ 3-4
Figure 3.2.4 Long-Term Variation of Gross Value Added in Manufacturing and Agriculture
Subsector............................................................................................................... 3-5
Figure 3.4.1 Monthly Variation of Present Total Irrigation Water Demand for Entire Study
Area..................................................................................................................... 3-11
Figure 3.5.1 Temporal Variation of Annual Water-related Disease Ratio ............................... 3-15
Figure 4.3.1 Water Use Permits and Water Allocation in Angat-Umiray System ..................... 4-8
Figure 7.1.1 Process of IWRM.................................................................................................. 7-1
Figure 7.10.1 Image of Output of the IWRM Plan for Pampanga River Basin ........................ 7-10
Figure 7.13.1 Schedule of Planning Procedures........................................................................ 7-12
Figure 10.3.1 Objective Flood Mitigation Area for PDDP-FC ................................................. 10-6
Figure 12.1.1 Role of Institutional Setup .................................................................................. 12-1
Figure 12.2.1 Empowerment Elements for Basic Aspects ........................................................ 12-2
Figure 12.4.1 Mission of Integrated Water Resources Management ...................................... 12-12
Figure 12.4.2 Organizational Structure of River Basin Committee ........................................ 12-16
List of Annex Figures
Annex-F 2.1.1 Distribution of Elevation Zones in the Study Area ................................... ANF-2-1
Annex-F 2.1.2 Distribution of Slope Category in the Study Area..................................... ANF-2-2
Annex-F 2.2.1 Principal Sub-basins in the Study Area ..................................................... ANF-2-3
Annex-F 2.2.2 Schematic River System in Pampanga Main River System ...................... ANF-2-4
Annex-F 2.2.3 Longitudinal Profile of the Main Rivers in Pampanga Main River
System...................................................................................................... ANF-2-4
Annex-F 2.2.4 Schematic River System in Angat River System ...................................... ANF-2-5
Annex-F 2.2.5 Longitudinal Profile of the Main Rivers in Angat River System .............. ANF-2-5
Annex-F 2.2.6 Schematic River System in Pasac River System ....................................... ANF-2-6
Annex-F 2.2.7 Longitudinal Profile of the Main Rivers in Pasac River System .............. ANF-2-6
ix
Annex-F 2.3.1 Location of Meteorological Stations ......................................................... ANF-2-7
Annex-F 2.3.2 Change in Annual Total Precipitation at Key Stations .............................. ANF-2-8
Annex-F 2.3.3 Climate Zones ........................................................................................... ANF-2-9
Annex-F 2.3.4 Spatial Distribution of Annual Total Precipitation .................................. ANF-2-10
Annex-F 2.3.5 Spatial Distribution of Precipitation in Dry Season ................................ ANF-2-11
Annex-F 2.3.6 Spatial Distribution of Precipitation in Wet Season ................................ ANF-2-12
Annex-F 2.4.1 Location of Hydrometric Stations ........................................................... ANF-2-13
Annex-F 2.4.2 Specific Discharge .................................................................................. ANF-2-14
Annex-F 2.4.3 Runoff Rate ............................................................................................. ANF-2-15
Annex-F 2.5.1 Geological Map ....................................................................................... ANF-2-16
Annex-F 2.6.1 Hydrogeology Map ................................................................................. ANF-2-17
Annex-F 2.10.1 Flood Area in Typhoon Marce, August 2004 .......................................... ANF-2-18
Annex-F 3.1.1 Population Density of Each of Municipalities in the Study Area ............ ANF-3-1
Annex-F 3.3.1 Land Cover in the Study Area ................................................................. ANF-3-2
Annex-F 3.4.1 Location of Water Permits for Surface Water ......................................... ANF-3-3
Annex-F 3.4.2 Location of Water Permits for Groundwater ........................................... ANF-3-4
Annex-F 3.6.1 Status of AD/AL (Ancestral Land) Delineation and Titling in and
around the Study Area as of March 9, 2010 ............................................. ANF-3-5
Annex-F 4.1.1 Location and Dimension of Angat Storage Dam ...................................... ANF-4-1
Annex-F 4.1.2 Location and Dimension of Pantabangan Storage Dam .......................... ANF-4-2
Annex-F 4.1.3 Location of Proposed Large Storage Dam Sites ..................................... ANF-4-3
Annex-F 4.2.1 Location Map of Existing NIS ................................................................ ANF-4-4
Annex-F 4.2.2 Schematic Flow Diagram of Existing NIS .............................................. ANF-4-5
Annex-F 4.2.3 Location Map of CIS ............................................................................... ANF-4-6
Annex-F 4.2.4 Location Map of Small Scale Irrigations under BSWM ......................... ANF-4-7
Annex-F 4.2.5 Location Map of Projected NIS .............................................................. ANF-4-8
Annex-F 4.2.6 Schematic Flow Diagram of Projected NIS ............................................ ANF-4-9
Annex-F 4.3.1 Present Coverage of Water Supply Facilities for Access to Safe
Drinking Water ..................................................................................... ANF-4-10
Annex-F 4.3.2 Present Coverage of Level 3 Water Supply Facilities with Safe Water
Access .................................................................................................. ANF-4-11
Annex-F 4.3.3 Present Coverage of Sanitary Toilet ...................................................... ANF-4-12
Annex-F 4.4.1 Existing Hydropower Plants in the Study Area ..................................... ANF-4-13
Annex-F 4.5.1 Completed Major Flood and Sediment Disaster Prevention Works ...... ANF-4-14
Annex-F 4.5.2 Hydrological Gauging and Repeater Stations for Completed and
On-going Flood Forecasting and Warning System in Pampanga
River Basin .......................................................................................... ANF-4-15
Annex-F 4.5.3 On-going and Proposed Structural Flood Mitigation Works in
Pampanga River Basin ......................................................................... ANF-4-16
Annex-F 5.2.1 Functional Chart of Water Related Agencies in the Philippines ............. ANF-5-1
Annex-F 5.2.2 Functional Relationship among Central Government Agencies and
Local Governments ................................................................................ ANF-5-2
Annex-F 5.2.3 Organizational Chart of Province of Pampanga ...................................... ANF-5-3
Annex-F 5.3.1 Flowchart for Processing of Water Permit Application Source:
NWRB ................................................................................................... ANF-5-4
Annex-F 5.3.2 Organization Chart of Present NWRB as of March 2009 Source:
NWRB ................................................................................................... ANF-5-5
Annex-F 5.3.3 NWRB’s Proposed Organizational Structure as of March 2009 ............. ANF-5-6
Annex-F 5.3.4 NWRB's Proposed Organizational Structure, September 2010 .............. ANF-5-7
Annex-F 6.5.1 Land Classification vs. Land Cover Over Forest Lands in the Study
Area 2005................................................................................................. ANF-6-1
Annex-F 6.7.1 Evaluation of Groundwater Usage Condition in Present Condition
(2008) ....................................................................................................... ANF-6-2
Annex-F 6.7.2 Evaluation of Groundwater Usage Condition in Future Condition
(2025) ....................................................................................................... ANF-6-3
x
Annex-F 12.4.1 Organization Structure of Regional Development Council of Region
III ........................................................................................................... ANF-12-1
Annex-F 12.4.2 RBO under of RBCO and Satellite RBCO, Manila Bay Site
Coordination Committee........................................................................ ANF-12-2
Annex-F 12.4.3 Proposed creation of a Committee on River Basins under the
Regional Development Council (RDC) III ............................................ ANF-12-3
Annex-F 12.4.4 Independent Pampanga River Basin Council .......................................... ANF-12-4
Annex-F 12.4.5 Position of NWRB for Water Rights Regulation among RBCO and
RBO ....................................................................................................... ANF-12-5
List of Appendix
Appendix 1 Minutes of Meeting on Implementation Arrangement on March 14, 2008
Appendix 2 Implementation Arrangement on March 24, 2008
Appendix 3 Minutes of 1st Steering Committee Meeting on the Inception Report on

February 18, 2009
Appendix 4 Minutes of Joint Steering Committee and Technical Working Group Meeting
on Progress Report 1 on October 19, 2009
on Interim Report on February 17, 2009
on Progress Report 2 on August 12, 2010
on October 27, 2010
on Draft Final Report on December 1, 2010
xi
Abbreviations and Acronyms
A&D : Alienable & Dispensable

ACC : Annual Allowable Cut
AD : Ancestral Domain
ADB : Asian Development Bank
AL : Ancestral Land
AMRIS : Angat Maasim River Irrigation System
AO : Administrative Order
APS : Automated Processing System
ARCDP : Agrarian Reform Communities Development Project
ARISPII : Agrarian Reform Infrastructure Support Project
ARWR : Annual Renewable Water Resources
AWAT : Angat Watershed Action Team
AWSOP : Angat Water Supply Optimization Project
BAS : Bureau of Agricultural Statistics
BBMP : Balog-Balog Multipurpose Project
BFAR : Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources
BOD : Biological Oxygen Demand
BOT : Built Operate Transfer
BRS : Bureau of Research and Standards
BSWM : Bureau of Soils and Water Management
BWSA : Barangay Water and Sanitation Association
CADT : Certification of Ancestral Domain Titles
CALT : Certification of Ancestral Land Titles
CARP : Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program
CARP-IC : Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program – Irrigation Component
CBFM : Community-Based Forest Management
CBFMA : Community Based Forest Management Agreement
CBO : Community Based Organization
CDA : Cooperative Development Authority
CDC : Clark Development Corporation
CDM : Clean Development Mechanism
CDO : Cease and Desist Orders
CDP : Capacity Development Program
CENRO : Community Environment and Natural Resources Office
CIGAR : Covered In-Ground Anaerobic Reactor
CIS : Communal Irrigation System
CITES : Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora
CLIP : Central Luzon Irrigation Project
CLUP : Comprehensive Land Use Plan
CMIPP : Casecnan Multipurpose Irrigation & Power Project
CMMD : Coastal and Marine Management Division
CMR : Compliance Monitoring Report
CNC : Certificate of Non-Coverage
CPC : Certificate of Public Convenience
CRMP : Coastal Resource Management Program
CSEZ : Clark Special Economic Zone
CSO : Civil Society Organizations
CWA : Clean Water Act
CWC : Clark Water Corporation
xii
DA : Department of Agriculture
DAO : Department Administrative Order
DAR : Department of Agrarian Reform
DBM : Department of Budget and Management
DCC : Disaster Coordinating Council
DD : Diversion Dam
DE : Department of Education
DECS : Department of Education, Culture and Sports
DENR : Department of Environment and Natural Resources
DEO : District Engineering Office
DILG : Department of Interior and Local Government
DO : Dissolved Oxygen
DOD : Department of Defense
DOE : Department of Energy
DOF : Department of Finance
DOH : Department of Health
DOJ : Department of Justice
DOST : Department of Science and Technology
DOTC : Department of Transportation and Communication
DPWH : Department of Public Works and Highways
DTI : Department of Trade and Industry
ECA : Environmentally Critical Area
ECC : Environmental Compliance Certificate
ECOSAN : Ecological Sanitation
ECP : Environmentally Critical Projects
EDC : Energy Development Corporation
EIA : Environmental Impact Assessment
EIS : Environmental Impact Statement
EMB : Environmental Management Bureau
ENR : Environment and Natural Resource
EO : Executive Order
EPIRA : Electric Power Industry Reform Act
ERDB : Ecosystem Research and Development Bureau
ESWM : Ecological Solid Waste Management
ESWMP : Ecological Solid Waste Management Program
F.I.S.H. : Fisheries Resources Management for Improved and Sustainable Harvest
F/S : Feasibility Study
FBI : Field Based Investigation
FCSEC : Flood Control and Sabo Engineering Center
FFCM : Forest Fire Control and Management
FLUP : Forest Land Use Plan
FMB : Forest Management Bureau
FMP : Forest Management Program
FMS : Forest Management Service
FPIC : Free and Prior Informed Consent
FPLEP : Forest Protection and Law Enforcement Program
FRDD : Forest Resources Development Division
FUSA : Firmed Up Service Area
GA : Government Agency
GAA : General Appropriations Act
GDP : Gross Domestic Product
xiii
GFI : Government Financing Institution
GHG : Greenhouse Gas
GIS : Geographic Information System
GIS : Groundwater Irrigation System
GNP : Gross National Product
GOCC : Government Owned and Controlled Corporation
GRDP : Gross Regional Domestic Product
GTZ : German Technical Cooperation Agency
GVA : Gross Value Added
HBC : Hacienda Bio-Energy Corporation
HDI : Human Development Index
HMS : Hydrometric Station
HUDCC : Housing and Urban Development Coordination Council
IA : Irrigators’ Association
IAFD : Integrated Agro-Forestry Development Program
IBRD : International bank for Reconstruction and Development
ICC : Indigenous Cultural Communities
ICC : Investment Coordination Committee
ICT : Information and Communications Technology
ICWE : Information Conference on Water and the Environment
IEC : Information, Education and Communication
IEE : Initial Environmental Evaluation
IEEC : Initial Environmental Evaluation Checklist
IEER : Initial Environmental Examination Report
IMO : Irrigation Management Office
IMT : Irrigation Management Transfer
IP : Indigenous People
IPCP : Industrial Pollution Control Program
IPO : Indigenous People’s Organization
IPRA : Indigenous People’s Rights Act
IRA : Internal Revenue Allotment
IRR : Implementing Rules and Regulations
ISF : Irrigation Service Fee
ISF : Integrated Social Forestry
ISP : Institutional Strengthening Program
IWMI : International Water Management Institute
IWRM : Integrated Water Resources Management
JBIC : Japan Bank for International Cooperation (presently merged to JICA)
JICA : Japan International Cooperation Agency
KMS : Knowledge Management System
KPI : Key Performance Indicators
LA : Line Agency
LGA : Local Government Agency
LGC : Local Government Code
LGU : Local Government Unit
LLDA : Laguna Lake Development Authority
LTRIS : Lower Talavera River Irrigation System
LWUA : Local Water Utilities Administration
M&E : Monitoring & Evaluation
M/P : Master Plan
MC : Memorandum Circular
xiv
MCWMC : Metro Clark Waste Management Corporation
MDFO : Municipal Development Fund Office
MDG : Millennium Development Goal
MFCDP : Major Flood Control and Drainage Project
MGB : Mines and Geo-sciences Bureau
MIS : Management Information System
MMDA : Metro Manila Development Authority
MPFD : Master Plan for Forestry Development
MRF : Materials Recovery Facilities
MTIP : Medium Term Investment Plan
MTPDP : Medium Term Philippine Development Plan
MWCI : Manila Water Company Inc.
MWLFI : Municipal Water Loan Financing Initiative
MWSI : Maynilad Water Service Incorporated
MWSS : Metropolitan Waterworks and Sewerage System
NAA : Non-Attainment Area
NAMRIA : National Mapping and Resource Information Authority
NAPC : National Anti-Poverty Commission
NAPOCOR/NPC : National Power Corporation
NCIP : National Commission on Indigenous People
NCR : National Capital Region
NDCC : National Disaster Coordination Council
NECA : Non-Environmentally Critical Area
NECP : Non-Environmentally Critical Projects
NEDA : National Economic Development Authority
NEPC : National Environmental Protection Council
NEPIS : Nueva Ecija Pump Irrigation System
NGA : National Government Agency
NGO : Non-government Organization
NHRC : National Hydraulic Research Center
NIA : National Irrigation Administration
NIPAS : National Integrated Protected Area System
NIS : National Irrigation System
NPAA : Network of Protected Area for Agriculture
NPC : National Power Corporation
NPCC : National Pollution Control Commission
NRW : Non-Revenue Water
NSCB : National Statistical Coordination Board
NSO : National Statistics Office
NWRB : National Water Resources Board
NWRC : National Water Resources Council
O&M : Operations and Maintenance
OCD : Office of Civil Defense
ODA : Official Development Assistance
OPAPP : Office of the Presidential Adviser on the Peace Process
OPMBCS : Operational Plan for the Manila Bay Coastal Strategy
P3W : President's Priority Program on Water
PA : Protected Areas
PACBRMP : Protected Area Community- based Resource Management Program
PAGASA : Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration
PAMB : Protected Area Management Board
xv
PAMP : Protected Area Management Program
PAWB : Protected Areas and Wildlife Bureau
PAWCZMS : Protected Area, Wildlife and Coastal Zone Management Services
PAWD : Philippine Association of Water Districts
PBRIS : Pampanga-Bongabon River Irrigation System
PCB : Polychlorinated biphenyl
PCPT : Per Capita Poverty Threshold
PD : Presidential Degree
PDDP-IC : Pampanga Delta Development Project –Irrigation Component
PDR : Project Description Report
PDRIS : Pampanga Delta River Irrigation System
PEIS : Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement
PEISS : Philippine Environmental Impact Statement System
PEMAPS : Project Environmental Monitoring and Aucit Prioritization Scheme
PEMSEA : Partnership in Environmental Management for the Seas of South East Asia
PENRIS : Penaranda River Irrigation System
PENRO : Provincial Environment and Natural Resources Office
PEPP : Philippine Environmental Partnership Program
PFPDP : Private Forest Plantation Development Program
PHDR : Philippine Human Development Report
PhilBIO : Philippine Bio-Sciences Company, Inc
PHILRICE : Philippine Rice Research Institute
PHIVOLCS : Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology
PIDP : Participatory Irrigation Development Project
PIMO : Provincial Irrigation Management Office
PIS : Pump Irrigation System
PMO : Program Management Office/Project Management Office
PMO-RWS : Project Management Office for Rural Water Supply
PNSDW : Philippine National Standards for Drinking Water
PO : People’s Organization
POP : Persistent Organic Pollutant
PPDO : Provincial Planning and Development Office
PPFP : Provincial Physical Framework Plan
PRB : Principal River Basin
PRBRP : Pampanga River Basin Rehabilitation Program
PRIS : Pampanga River Irrigation System
PSP : Private Sector Participation
PW4SP : Provincial Water Supply Sector, Sewerage and Sanitation Plan
PWA : Philippine Waterworks Association
PWAT : Pantabangan Watershed Action Team
PWRF : Philippine Water Revolving Fund
PWSSR : Philippine Water Supply Sector Roadmap
PWSU : Provincial Water and Sanitation Unit
R&D : Research & Development
RA : Republic Act
RBC : River Basin Committee
RBCO : River Basin Control Office
RBO : River Basin Organization
RCBFMO : Regional Community Based Forest Management Office
RDC : Regional Development Council
RDCC : Regional Disaster Coordinating Committee
xvi
RENRO : Regional Environment and Natural Resources Office
RIES : Revised Industrial Eco-watch
RIO : Regional Irrigation Office
RIS : River Irrigation System
RLA : Regional Line Agency
RO : Regional Office
RPFP : Regional Physical Framework Plan
RWDC : Rural Waterworks Development Corporation
RWSA : Rural Water and Sanitation Association
SAFDZ : Strategic Agriculture and Fisheries Development Zone
SALT : Sloping Agricultural Technology
SCAD : Subic-Clark Alliance for Development
SDC : Super Diversion Canal
SEZ : Special Economic Zone
SFR : Small Farm Reservoir
SLF : Sanitary Land Fill
SMORIS : San Miguel-O'donel River Irrigation System
SMR : Self-Monitoring Reports
SPM : Strategic Planning and Management
SRIP : Small Reservoir Irrigation Project
SSIP : Small Scale Independent Provider
STP : Sewerage Treatment Plants
STW : Shallow Tube-well
SWIP/SWIMP : Small Water Impounding Project
SWIS : Small Water Impounding System
SWMA : Solid Waste Management Act
TARIS : Tarlac River Irrigation System
TASMORIS : Tarlac-San Miguel-O'donel River Irrigation System
TDS : Total Dissolved Solids
TGIS : Tarlac Groundwater Irrigation System
TGISRP : Tarlac Groundwater System Reactivation Project
TRIS : Talavera River Irrigation System
TSP : Total Suspended Particulate
TSS : Total Suspended Solids
TWG : Technical Working Group
UDP : Upland Development Program
UN : United Nations
UNFCC : United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
UPRIIS : Upper Pampanga River Integrated Irrigation System
USGS : The U.S. Geological Survey
WASCO : Water Supply Coordinating Office
WB : World Bank
WD : Water District
WFR : Watershed Forest Reserve
WHO : World Health Organization
WM : Watershed Management
WQ : Water Quality
WQMA : Water Quality Management Area
WQMP : Water Quality Monitoring Program
WRAP : Water Resources Authority of the Philippines
WRC : Water Regulatory Commission
xvii
WRI : World Resources Institute
WSP : Water Service Provider
WSSPMO : Water Supply and Sanitation Program Management Office
WSSWP : Water, Sanitation & Solid Waste Program
Measurement Units
(Length) (Time)
mm : millimeter(s) s, sec : second(s)
cm : centimeter(s) min : minute(s)
m : meter(s) h, hr : hour(s)
km : kilometer(s) d, dy : day(s)
y, yr : year(s)
(Area)
mm2 : square millimeter(s) (Volume)
cm2 : square centimeter(s) cm3 : cubic centimeter(s)
2 3
m : square meter(s) m : cubic meter(s)
km2 : square kilometer(s) l, ltr : liter(s)
ha : hectare(s) mcm : million cubic meter(s)
mld : million liters per day
(Weight)
g, gr : gram(s) (Speed/Velocity)
kg : kilogram(s) cm/s : centimeter per second
ton : ton(s) m/s : meter per second
km/h : kilometer per hour
(Others)
mw : megawatt
xviii
Chapter 1. Introduction
1.1 Objectives of the Study
The objectives of “The Study on Integrated Water Resources Management for Poverty Alleviation and
Economic Development in Pampanga River Basin” (hereinafter referred to as “the study”) are the
following items as agreed between JICA and NWRB in November 2008:
(1) To formulate the plan of Integrated Water Resources Management (hereinafter referred to as
“IWRM”) for the Pampanga river basin in coordination with the other concerned organizations;
and
(2) To transfer relevant skills and technologies on IWRM to personnel of NWRB as well as the other
concerned organizations.
1.2 Extent of the Study Area
The study area is the entire catchment area of Pampanga river basin covering 10,434 km2, which is
broadly divided into three sub-basins, namely; (a) Pampanga main river basin with a catchment area of
7,978 km2; (b) Pasac river basin with 1,371 km2; and (c) Angat river basin with 1,085 km2 (refer to the
General Map). Rivers in these three sub-basins originate in different mountainous areas and have
separate river mouths at the Manila Bay. They are interconnected by channels1 with water resources
management works mutually and closely related to each other.
The study area spreads over the administrative area of eleven (11) provinces and
90 cities/municipalities. A substantial part of the study area (about 95%) is, however, within the
boundary of four provinces, namely; Nueva Ecija, Tarlac, Pampanga and Bulacan. The remaining
fringe area (about 5%) is a part of other seven provinces: Aurora, Zambales, Rizal, Quezon,
Pangasinan, Bataan and Nueva Viscaya. The extent of the study area subdivided by the provincial
boundaries, and the number of cities/municipalities in the provinces overlapped by the study area are
as shown in the table below (refer to Annex-T 1.2.1):
Table 1.2.1 Extent of Study Area and Number of Cities/Municipalities Overlapped

(unit: km2)
Extent Number of
Province
Extent (km2) Share (%) Cities/Municipalities
Nueva Ecija 5013 48.0 30
Pampanga 2022 19.4 22
Bulacan 2021 19.4 18
Tarlac 834 8.0 6
Aurora 195 1.9 3
Zambales 74 0.7 2
Rizal 42 0.4 1
Quezon 30 0.3 1
Pangasinan 26 0.2 1
Bataan 14 0.1 2
Nueva Viscaya 163 1.6 4
Total 10,434 100.0 90
Source: JICA Study Team
There exist the water conveyance systems between the study area and the external areas outside the
boundaries. The typical conveyance systems are as enumerated below:
1
Pampanga River and Pasac River are connected by Bebe San Esteban Shortcut Channel, while Pampanga and
Angat rivers are connected by Bagbag River.
1-1
(1) The Casecnan Diversion System, which conveys the water from Casecnan River (a tributary of
Cagayan River) to Pantabangan dam reservoir located in the northern part of Pampanga river
basin;
(2) The Umiray-Angat Diversion System, which conveys the water from Umiray River to Angat dam
reservoir located in the southeastern part of the Angat river basin; and
(3) The water conveyance system from Angat dam reservoir toward Metro Manila and the several
adjacent cities/municipalities in Bulacan Province such as Meycauayan, Obando, Malilao and
San Jose Del Monte for domestic water supply.
The Casecnan and Umiray river basins are outside of the study area. However, these two river basins
are important water sources for the study area. Likewise, Metro Manila and its adjacent
cities/municipalities in Bulacan Province are outside of the study area but about 90% of the domestic
water in these areas depends on the supply from the study area.
1.3 Study Schedule
The study was carried out for a period of 25 months from February 2009 to February 2011. During the
study period, several official meetings including the steering committee meetings, the technical
working group meetings and the stakeholder meetings were held to appraise the progress of the study
as shown in Figure 1.3.1.
2009 2010 2011
Item
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2
Study in Philippines 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Study in Japan
△ △ △ △ △ △
Reporting
IC/R P/R1 IT/R P/R2 DF/R F/R
Steering Committee Meeting ● ● ● ● ● ●
Technical Working Group Meeting ● ● ● ●●● ● ● ● ●
Stakeholder Meeting ● ● ● ●
Note: IC/R: Inception Report P/R: Progress Report IT/R: Interim Report DF/R: Draft Final Report F/R: Final Report
Figure 1.3.1 Study Schedule
1.4 Justification of the Project Proposed in the Study

The study area is confronted with complex and interrelated issues inherent in the various water sectors
such as: (a) water allocation and distribution for irrigation, domestic use, municipal use, hydropower
generation and other water uses; (b) management of flood and sediment disasters; (c) conservation and
improvement of water quality and other water-related environment; and (d) watershed management.
To cope with these issues, the relevant government and non-government agencies had implemented
various water resources management and development projects. Many of the issues, however, remain
unattended without providing any fundamental solution. Moreover, the completed and/or proposed
projects were not always based on adequate coordination with all water-related sectors and, at the
same time, the requirements of the stakeholders have not been well reflected.
As the result, the project in a specific water-sector has often caused adverse effect to the other
water-related sectors, which led to difficulties in achieving an accountable, effective and sustainable
project. Unavoidably, the issues in the water sector would become more significant as the population
increases. Economic activities would likewise expand and other socio-economic conditions would
change in the future.
In view of the above circumstances regarding the water-related issues, it is indispensable to adapt the
concept of IWRM. The IWRM stresses the following four different principles: (a) the integrated and
1-2
holistic approach crossing multi-water sectors; (b) the adaptable response to future dynamic changes
of socio-economic conditions and the natural conditions affected by climate change and other factors;
(c) the involvement of stakeholders at every stage and step of plan formulation and implementation of
the water-related project; and (d) the broader focus points such as fairness, economical effect,
efficiency and sustainability of the water-related projects.
The IWRM Framework Plan was formulated by NWRB in 2006. Through the formulation process, the
Government of the Philippines (hereinafter referred to as “GOP”) is deemed to have well-recognized
the importance of the plan for IWRM. However, the concept of the IWRM Framework Plan has not
yet been well materialized. Hence, the study has been undertaken through the technical assistance of
JICA to clarify the definite water-related issues inherent in the study area, together with the
interrelationship among the issues, and to propose the IWRM Plan that would cope with these issues.
1.5 Counterpart Agency
The NWRB acted as the counterpart agency to JICA to facilitate the smooth implementation of the
Study. NWRB had assigned the following counterpart personnel, who worked together with the JICA
Study Team in the course of the Study.
Table 1.5.1 (1/2) Counterpart Personnel for the Study
Assignment Name and Designation in NWRB
Nathaniel C. Santos
Chairperson of Steering Committee (Acting)
OIC, Deputy Exec. Director
Isidra D. Peñaranda
Team Leader
OIC, Policy & Program Division
Susan P. Abaño
Deputy Team Leader/Water Resources Development Planner
Engineer IV, Policy & Program Division
Emmie L. Ruales
Organization, Institution/Consensus Building Specialist
Engineer IV, Policy & Program Division
Ambrosia Agnes del Rosario
Organization, Institution/Consensus Building Specialist
Special Investigator II, Water Right Division
Joey C. Castro
Hydrologist/River Management Specialist
Engineer III, Policy & Program Division
Ferdie I. Billones
Hydrologist/River Management Specialist
Higino C. Mangosing
Groundwater Specialist
Engineer IV, Monitoring and Enforcement Division
Charito M. Menguito
Groundwater Specialist
Engineer II, Monitoring and Enforcement Division
Jesusa T. Roque
Agriculture/Irrigation Specialist
Milagros M. Velasco
Agriculture/Irrigation Specialist
Engineer II, Policy & Program Division
Pacita F. Barba
Water Supply and Sewerage Planner
Engineer III, Monitoring and Enforcement Division
Evelyn V. Ayson
Water Supply and Sewerage Planner
Engineer IV, Monitoring and Enforcement Division
Josephine R. Billones
Water Environment/Watershed Management Specialist
Engineer II, Policy & Program Division
Arlene C. Diaz
Water Environment/Watershed Management Specialist
Engineer III, Water Rights Division
Florimel R. Balbedina
Economic/Financial Analyst
Economist III, Policy Formulation Section
Ma. Cristina B. Arellano
Economic/Financial Analyst
Economist II, Policy & Program Division
Environmental and Social Considerations Specialist/Study Francis B. Hilarie
Coordinator Economist III, Policy & Program Division
… Continue to next page
1-3
Table 1.5.1 (2/2) Counterpart Personnel for the Study
Assignment Name and Designation in NWRB
Lilian P. Gacusan
Environmental and Social Considerations Specialist
Statistician II, Policy & Program Div
Luis S. Rongavilla
GIS Specialist
Ma. Charina Gonzales
Web Management Specialist
Systems Analyst III, Policy & Program Division
Felisa M. Manlulu
Study Coordinator
Information Officer IV, Policy & Program Division
1.6 Steering Committee

The Steering Committee (SC) has been set up to provide guidance for the smooth implementation of
the Study and to coordinate the activities of the relevant government and non-government
organizations under the initiative of NWRB. All reports for the Study were presented the SC and
discussed by the Study Team at each stage of the Study. The following government agencies acted as
permanent members of the SC:
(1) NWRB (Chairman)
(2) DENR
(3) NEDA Central Office
(4) DPWH Project Management Office – Flood Control and Sabo Engineering Center
(DPWH-PMO-FCSEC)
(5) Department of Justice
(6) Department of Finance
(7) National Hydraulics and Research Center
(8) Department of Health
(9) Provincial Government of Pampanga
(10) Provincial Government of Nueva Ecija
(11) Provincial Government of Bulacan
(12) NIA
(13) Subic Clark Alliance for Development Council
(14) PAGASA
(15) Department of Interior and Local Government
(16) NEDA Region III
(17) DENR – River Basin Control Office
(18) Provincial Government of Tarlac
1.7 Technical Working Group
The Technical Working Group (TWG) has been set up to provide technical support services to the
above Steering Committee. The TWG held coordination meetings with the Study Team to discuss
and monitor the progress of the Study. The following government agencies acted as permanent
members of the TWG:
(1) NWRB (Chairman)
(2) NEDA Central Office
(3) DPWH-PMO-FCSEC
(4) NIA Central Office
1-4
(5) NEDA Region III
(6) DPWH Region III
(7) DENR Region III
(8) DENR Environmental Management Bureau
(9) DENR Forest Management Bureau
(10) DENR Parks and Wildlife Bureau
(11) Provincial Government of Tarlac
(12) Provincial Government of Pampanga
(13) Provincial Government of Nueva Ecija
(14) Provincial Government of Bulacan
(15) NIA Region III
(16) NIA Upper Pampanga River Integrated Irrigation Systems (UPRIIS)
(17) DENR River Basin Control Office
(18) PAGASA
(19) MWSS
(20) NPC
(21) Central Luzon Association of Water Districts (CLAWD)
(22) Bureau of Soils and Water Management
(23) National Commission on Indigenous People
(24) Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (Phivolcs)
(25) BFAR Region III
1.8 Composition of the Final Report
The Final Report of the Study is composed of: (a) Volume I, Summary; (b) Volume II, Main Report;
and (c) Volume III and IV, Supporting Reports. The contents of these Volumes are as listed below:
Table 1.8.1 Composition of the Final Report
Volume No. Title Contents
Volume I Summary The summary of all study results.
Volume II Main Report All of the study results.
The detailed results of the study in each of the following sectors to support the Main
Report:
Sector A: Topography and Meteorology
Sector B: Socio-Economy
Sector C: Agricultural, Irrigation and Fishery Development
Volume III
Sector D: Municipal Water Supply, Sanitation and Sewerage System Management
Sector E: Flood and Sediment Disaster Management
Supporting Sector F: Water-Related Environmental Management
Reports Sector G: Watershed Management
Sector H: Water Resources Development and Management
Sector I: Socio-Environmental Consideration
Sector J: Guidelines for Formulation of IWRM Plan
Sector K: Formulation of IWRM Plan for Pampanga River Basin
Volume IV
Sector L: Plans for Legal and Institutional Framework
Sector M: Water-Related Data Management
Appendix: Minutes and Discussion Records on SC, TWG and Stakeholder Meetings
Supplementary Material ・ Databook
(Digital file only) ・ Training Material & Manual
1-5
Chapter 2. Present Natural Conditions of the Study Area
2.1 Topographic Conditions
The study area borders on Manila Bay in the South, Sierra Madre Mountains in the East, Caraballo
Mountains in the North and Zambales Mountains, which includes the well-known Pinatubo Mountains,
in the West. Of these boundaries, the western Zambales Mountains are characterized by the volcanic
imprint associated with geologically young calderagenic-type of volcanic eruption. In contrast, the
eastern Sierra Madra Mountains comprise more of dissected and eroded terrain.
The central part of the study area is relatively flat, forming Central Luzon Plain. The highest
elevation of 1,885 m above mean sea level can be seen at the northeast boundary with Sierra Madre
Mountains. The lowest elevation, which is almost equal to mean sea level, extends widely at around
the river mouth of Pampanga river basin. There are some small peaks in Central Luzon Plain,
namely; Mt. Arayat, which has an elevation of 1,026m.
Annex-F 2.1.1 shows the distribution of each elevation zone in the study area, and Table 2.1.1
summarizes the share of each elevation zone. About 15% of the study area has the elevation of less
than 10m above mean sea level. This lowland area extends widely from the river mouth toward the
middle stretch of the Pampanga River. In more than 50% of the study area, the elevation ranges from
10m to 200m above mean sea level. This consists of Central Luzon Plain. The hilly to low
mountain area with elevation of 200-800m surrounds Central Luzon Plain. Almost all portions of
Sierra Madre Mountains reside in the range. The area with more than 800m above mean sea level in
elevation shares about 5% of the study area. It is mainly located in Pinatubo Mountains and the
northeastern boundary of the study area.
Table 2.1.1 Elevation Classification in the Study Area
Elevation Zone Area (km2) Percentage of the Total Area (%)
<5m 820.4 7.9
5 – 10 m 581.0 5.6
10 – 50 m 2,899.0 27.8
50 – 200 m 2,772.0 26.6
200 – 500 m 1,896.6 18.2
500 – 800 m 969.7 9.3
800 – 1,200 m 392.9 3.8
1,200 – 1,600 m 96.6 0.9
1,600 m < 6.1 0.1
Total 10,434.4 100.0
Slope is one of the important factors for water resources planning. It is usually related to erosion and,
consequently, sediment and nutrient yields from a river basin. Annex-F 2.1.1 shows the distribution
of each category of slope in the Study Area, and Table 2.1.2 summarizes the share of the each category
of slope. More than 65% of the study area is categorized as “level to nearly level” (slope is less than
3%). It extends widely from Manila Bay to Central Luzon plain. The share of the remaining
categories is almost evenly distributed to each category. The area with the categories of “steep” and
“very steep” covers more than 10% of the study area.
Table 2.1.2 Slope Classification in the Study Area

Description Percent Slope (%) Area (km2) Percentage of the Total Area (%)
Level to nearly level <3 7,045.5 67.5
Gently sloping to undulating 3–8 600.2 5.8
Undulating to rolling 8 – 18 706.5 6.8
Rolling to moderately steep 18 – 30 781.4 7.5
Steep 30 – 50 979.6 9.4
Very steep 50 < 321.3 3.1
Total 10,434.4 100.0
2-1
By integrating the aforesaid elevations and slope classifications, the study area could be classified into
the following three (3) regions:
 The alluvial plain with ground elevation of less than 200m and slope of less than 3% spreads
over the lower and middle reaches of Pampanga river basin covering about 65% of the study
area. The lower part of the Central Luzon Plain, in particular, has the extremely low ground
elevation of less than 10m above mean sea, and it is called Pampanga Delta, which accounts for
about 15% of the study area.
 The hilly/low-mountain ranges with elevation of 200-800m enclose the above alluvial plain and
they form a part of Sierra Madre Mountains. These hilly/low-mountain ranges take about 30%
of the entire study area.
 There exist the mountain areas of more than 800m above mean sea level in elevation. They
share about 5% of the study area and are mainly located in Pinatubo Mountains and the
northeastern boundary of the study area. Mt. Pinatubo erupted in 1991 and the top of the
mountain was blown off, which made its height about 500m lower than before. A significant
volume of lahar was also produced by the eruption and deposited widely around the mountains.
2.2 Rivers
The study area is largely divided into three (3) river basins, namely; (a) Pampanga river basin,
(b) Angat river basin; and (c) Pasac river basin (refer to Annex-F 2.2.1). The principal features of these
three river basins are as described below:
2.2.1 Pampanga River Basin
Of the three (3) river basins, Pampanga river basin has the largest catchment area of 7,978km2 and the
longest channel length of 265km. The river originates in Caraballo Mountains on the north of the study
area, and flows into Pantabangan storage dam. The upstream stretch of the river above the dam is often
called as Pantabangan River. After passing the dam, the river further flows southward meeting with
several tributaries and finally empties into Manila Bay. The major tributaries of Pampanga main
stream are Coronell River, Peñaranda River and Chico River. Of these tributaries, Chico River has
the largest catchment area of 2,895km2, and it joins the main stream nearby Mt. Arayat and/or
Candaba Swamp which has the maximum inundation area of about 330km2 during rainy seasons. The
schematic diagram of the river systems is shown in Annex-F 2.2.2 and the longitudinal profiles of
Pampanga main stream as well as its major tributaries are shown in Annex-F 2.2.3.
2.2.2 Angat River Basin
Angat river basin originates in Sierra Madra Mountains and flows into Angat storage dam meandering
through a narrow valley. In the lower reaches of the dam, the river flows westward and finally empties
into Manila Bay through Labangan Floodway. There is a small connecting channel with Pampanga
River, which is called as Bagbag River. The total length of the main stream of Angat River is 153km
and the total catchment area is about 1,085km2. The schematic diagram of the river systems is shown
in Annex-F 2.2.4, and the longitudinal profiles of Angat main stream as well as its major tributaries are
shown in Annex-F 2.2.5.
2.2.3 Pasac River Basin
Pasac river basin covers various river channels running on the eastern slope of Mt. Pinatubo, such as
Abacan-San Fernando River, Pasig-Potrero River and Porac-Gumain River. All of the rivers originate
in Mt. Pinatubo, and flow into Manila Bay. The total catchment area of the river basin is about
1,371km2. In the lower reaches, the river system is connected with Pampanga Main River by Bebe-San
Esteban Cutoff Channel. The morphologies of Pasac River have been much affected by the eruption
of Mt. Pinatubo in 1991; the river alignments have changed due to the mudflow produced by the
eruption and serious sediment deposit in the river channel is still in progress up to the present. The
schematic diagram of the river systems is shown in Annex-F 2.2.6 and the longitudinal profiles of the
main rivers in Pasac river basin are demonstrated in Annex-F 2.2.7.
2-2
2.3 Meteorology
2.3.1 Meteorological Gauging Data
Of the existing climatic data in and around the study area, those gauged at the following stations have
been identified as the existing available data for the discussion and analysis in the study. The lists of
these stations together with the available gauging duration are given in Annex-T 2.3.1 for the
precipitation data, and Annex-T 2.3.2 for the other climatic data. The locations of meteorological
stations are as shown in Annex-F 2.3.1.
Table 2.3.1 Climatic Gauging Stations in and around the Study Area
Gauging Item Classification of Gauging Station Number of Gauging Stations
PAGASA Synoptic Station 9*
PAGASA Secondary Meteorological Station 9
Precipitation Data PAGASA Telemetry Gauging Station 12
Others 6
Sub-Total 36
Other Climatic Data** PAGASA Synoptic Station 2
Note: * : Of the nine synoptic gauging stations, two (2), namely; CLSU Muñoz and Cabanatuan Gauging stations are
located in the study area, while the other seven (7) are outside of the study area.
**: The data include mean air temperature, relative humidity, sunshine duration, wind speed and pan evaporation.
In addition to these gauging data, the data for long-term average monthly temperature are given from
the Worldclim Dataset, which is the global dataset in 1km mesh, and they are used for the correction of
temperatures caused by variations of altitude.
2.3.2 Temporal Variations of Meteorological Data in the Study Area
The temporal variations of meteorological condition in the study area have been estimated based on
the climatic data gauged at the above stations. The changes in the annual total precipitation at the
key stations during 1951 to 2007 are presented in Annex-F 2.3.2, which shows no clear tendency of
long-term variation of precipitation, although there could be some periodical patterns.
A substantial part of the study area except the eastern mountainous region belongs to the climate area
of Type I classified by PAGASA, which is characterized by the pronounced dry season from
November to April and wet season during the rest of the year (refer to Annex-F 2.3.3). The
maximum rainfall depth is usually recorded from June to September. On the other hand, the eastern
mountainous regions belong to Type III, which is characterized by “no very pronounced rainy season.”
The long-term average annual precipitation in the study area has been estimated at about
2,155mm/year, and about 83% of the annual precipitation concentrates on the rainy season from May
to October as listed below.
Table 2.3.2 Monthly Variation of Precipitation for the Entire Study Area
(unit: mm)
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total
31.8 24.1 29.0 46.1 180.4 267.5 363.8 409.7 331.6 230.5 155.5 84.9 2155.0
1.5% 1.1% 1.3% 2.1% 8.4% 12.4% 16.9% 19.0% 15.4% 10.7% 7.2% 3.9% 100.0%
The data for the metrological indices other than the above precipitation gauged at the synoptic station,
CLSU Muñoz, have been further estimated as shown in Table 2.3.3.
2-3
Table 2.3.3 Monthly Variation of Climatic Parameters at CLSU Muñoz
Items Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Annual
Mean Air
25.9 26.1 27.0 28.7 29.4 28.6 27.9 27.5 27.5 27.5 27.4 26.3 27.5
Temperature ( )
Relative Humidity
76.4 77.6 76.3 74.9 76.2 81.3 84.2 87.0 86.0 82.7 77.8 75.5 79.7
(%)
Wind Speed (m/s) 3.2 3.1 2.7 2.5 2.1 2.2 1.8 2.0 1.9 2.0 2.7 3.0 2.4
Sunshine Duration
7.9 8.7 8.9 9.3 7.6 6.4 5.3 4.7 5.1 6.2 6.8 7.0 7.0
(hrs)
Pan Evaporation
168 169 203 213 192 147 135 119 120 129 135 153 1,879
(mm/month)
Source: JICA Study Team based on PAGASA data
As listed above, there is not much significant change in air temperature throughout the year. The
hottest month is May with mean air temperature of 29.4 degree Celsius. On the other hand, January
is the coolest with mean air temperature of 25.9 degree Celsius. The difference in the hottest month
and the coolest month is just about 3.5 degree Celsius.
2.3.3 Spatial Variation of Meteorological Data in the Study Area
The spatial variation of precipitation in the study area is estimated based on the actual data gauged at
the aforesaid 36 stations together with the correction of precipitation by elevation, which was made by
the following equation:
P  P0 expC e EL  EL0 
Where; P = precipitation volume, P0 = precipitation volume at reference elevation, Ce = Coefficient
for correction of elevation (Ce = 0.0003 would fit best in the present study), EL = elevation, EL0 =
reference elevation.
Annex-F 2.3.4 shows the spatial distribution of annual total precipitation. The annual total
precipitation is higher in mountain areas, in general. The annual total precipitation exceeds
4,000mm/year around the south-east boundary of the study area. In the middle part of Central Luzon
Plain, the annual total precipitation is less than 1,500mm/year. Annexes-F 2.3.5 and 2.3.6 show the
spatial distribution of averaged monthly precipitation in dry season (November to April) and in wet
season (May to October), respectively. Even in dry season, the precipitation volume is kept high
around the south-east boundary of the study area.
2.4 Hydrology
2.4.1 Hydrological Gauging Data in the Study Area
The surface water level/discharge data gauged at 76 hydrological stations in total have been collected
as the base for hydrological analysis. The locations of the hydrological stations are as shown in
Annex-F 2.4.1. It is, however, herein noted that most of these gauging stations have ceased their
gauging operations, and only five gauging stations have remained continuing their operations as of
2008 (refer to Annex-T 2.4.1). Of the said five gauging stations, two are for gauging of inflow
discharges to Pantabangan and Angat dam reservoirs.
2.4.2 Specific Discharge and Runoff-ratio
Of the aforesaid 76 hydrological gauging stations, 48 stations could provide complete monthly
discharge records of more than 5 years. Hence, the specific discharges at these stations against their
corresponding catchment areas have been estimated as shown in Annex-F 2.4.2. From the results, it
has become clear that specific discharge decreases with the catchment area and tends to converge to
about 0.04m3/s/km2. Moreover, it can be observed that the specific discharge after 1974 is somehow
lower than that before 1973. This is presumably because of the impact of abstraction for irrigation in
the basin, which became available due to the start of operation of Pantabangan storage dam.
2-4
The specific discharge for Angat storage dam catchment is much higher than that in the other
catchments in Pampanga river basin. This is due to the much higher volume of precipitation in Angat
storage dam catchment area.
Annex-F.2.4.3 shows the runoff rate as to the catchment area. The runoff rate ranges from 0.4 to 0.9.
It tends to decrease with the catchment area and converges to about 0.5 to 0.6. Roughly, the runoff
volume is about 50 to 60% of the total precipitation volume in the basin, which is equivalent to the
runoff volume of about 1,100 to 1,300 mm/year (11,000 – 13,000 MCM/year).
2.4.3 Long Term Variations of Annual River Discharge Volume
Figure 2.4.1 shows the long-term trend of annual average discharge at HMS343 (Arayat in Pampanga
River) and HMS334 (Cabanatuan in Pampanga River). Location of these two hydrometric stations is
shown in Figure 2.4.2). As shown in Figure 2.4.1, the annual averaged discharge at HMS 334
remarkably decreases after the start of operation of Pantabangan storage dam in 1974. On the other
hand, the decrease of the discharge at HMS 343 is minimal. This may be because of more
contribution of the runoff discharge from tributaries at HMS 343. It should be noted that at just
upstream of HMS 343, Cong Dadong diversion dam started its operation in 2002, which may bring
about significant change in the observed discharge at HM S343. However, the observation at
HMS 343 was finished in 2002, so that the observed data at HM S343 do not include the effect of the
operation of Cong Dadong diversion dam.
450
Annual Ave. Discharge (m /s)
400 HMS 343

3
350
300 Ave. 237.0
250
Ave. 223.7
200
150
100
50
0
1951
1954
1957
1960
1963
1966
1969
1972
1975
1978
1981
1984
1987
1990
1993
1996
1999
2002
2005
450
Annual Ave. Discharge (m /s)
400 HMS 334

3
350
300
250
200
150 Ave. 141.8
100
Ave. 69.1
50
0
1951
1954
1957
1960
1963
1966
1969
1972
1975
1978
1981
1984
1987
1990
1993
1996
1999
2002
2005
Figure 2.4.1 Long-term Trend of Annual Average Discharge at

Gauging Stations HMS 343 and HMS 334
2-5
HMS
334
HMS
343
Figure 2.4.2 Location of Hydrometric Stations of HMS 334 and HMS 343
2.4.4 Variation of Monthly River Discharge Volume

Figure 2.4.3 shows the monthly variations of discharge of Pampanga River, which were gauged at the
aforesaid stations HMS 334 and HMS 343. The minimum and maximum discharge appears in April
and September, respectively. It can be observed that the flow regime changes drastically after 1974
both at HMS 343 and HMS 334. At HMS 343, the discharge in dry season increases and that in wet
season decreases slightly. At HMS 334, the discharge in both dry and wet seasons decreases. This
is presumably related to the abstraction and return flow by irrigation water use. HMS 334 is located
at the downstream of the major intake points for irrigation. On the other hand, HMS 343 is located at
further downstream in which some return flow from irrigation area is expected.
700
HMS 343 (before1973)
600
HMS 343 (after 1974)
Monthly Discharge(m /s)
3
500
400
300
200
100
0
Jul
Mar
Dec
Oct
Jan
Feb
May
Jun
Sep
Nov
Apr
Aug
400
HMS 334 (before1973)
350
HMS 334 (after 1974)
Monthly Discharge(m /s)
300
3
250
200
150
100
50
0
Jul
Mar
Dec
Oct
Jan
Feb
May
Jun
Sep
Nov
Apr
Aug
Figure 2.4.3 Variation of Monthly Discharge of Pampanga River
2-6
2.5 Geology
The Philippines is situated in and along the Circum-Pacific Volcanic-Earthquake Belt characterized by
earthquakes and volcanic activities, some of which are destructive. General geological structure
trends north to north north-west faulted by the Philippine Fault System and its splay faults stretches
particularly along the Southern Sierra Madre Mountains crossing over the Nueva Ecija and Bulacan
provinces. Faults in Nueva Ecija named “Dingalan Fault” are supposed to be active faults and faults
distributed in Bulacan are supposed to be probable active faults.
The oldest rocks at the substratum are distributed along the eastern highland of the study area. These
rocks are considered to be older than the Cretaceous and composed of amphibolite, mica schist,
phyllites, etc. Sedimentary rocks are widely distributed in the eastern mountain area from the age of
Cretaceous period to Tertiary-Miocene epoch. They are composed of marine wackes (sandstone) and
flysch (shale) intercalated by basalt, andesite flow, and pyroclastics. Oligocene sedimentary rocks
are intruded by quarts diorite. Upper-Miocene sedimentary rocks are overlain by pyroclastics and
tuffaceous sedimentary rocks. These rocks are not basically aquiclude, which is not expected to be
used for groundwater exploitation excluding caves/cavities of limestone and lava flow. The location
and scale of caves/cavities is not clear at this moment.
Alluvium (R), which consists of unconsolidated clay, sand gravel, is widely distributed in the Central
Luzon Plain with thickness of about 199m based on the existing drilling data. It is considered as a
good aquifer. Sand and gravel layers, especially, ensure good aquifer, and they could be widely
utilized for domestic water and other uses.
Quaternary pyroclastics (QVP) is overlaid by Alluvium. The possibility of groundwater extraction
by an ultra-deep well depends on the depth of the pyroclastics.
The geology in the study area is summarized in Annex-T 2.5.1 and in Annex-F2.5.1.
2.6 Hydrogeology
The groundwater availability and general hydrogeology in the study area have been estimated, as
shown in Annex-F 2.6.1, based on the available information on hydrogeological parameters and the
geological map. As shown in Annex-F 2.6.1, a substantial part of the alluvial plains in the study area
are estimated to show high permeability and contain aquifers, which have high productivity of
groundwater. About 5,585km2 or 53% of the study area is expected to have high productivity of
groundwater.
There are the flood plains along the narrow valleys in the hilly and/or low mountain area. These flood
plains would also contain rather high productive aquifers of groundwater. The deposits in the flood
plains are composed of sand, gravel, and clay, and they are expected to be moderate to high
permeability. About 224km2 or 2.1% of the study area belong to the flood plains containing the rather
high productivity of groundwater.
The hilly and/or mountain regions other than the above alluvial plains and flood plains are of low
permeability and hardly produce adequate groundwater. Only the loose cracks area and/or limestone
area may contain the possible local aquifer. About 4,725km2 or 55% of the study area belong to the
hilly/mountain regions containing the rather low productivity of groundwater.
2.7 Water Quality
2.7.1 Surface Water
DENR defines the classes of surface water quality according to their corresponding applicable usages,
as shown in Table 2.7.1. This classification is based on the concept that the quality of waters in the
Philippines shall be maintained in a safe and satisfactory condition according to their best uses. The
standard concentration of the major parameters applied as the criteria for this classification are as
listed in Table 2.7.2.
2-7
Table 2.7.1 Water Usage and Classification for Fresh Surface Waters
Public Water Supply Class I – Intended primarily for waters having watersheds which are uninhabited and
Class AA otherwise protected and which require only approved disinfection to meet the Philippine National Standards
for Drinking Water (PNSDW)
Public Water Supply Class II – Intended as sources of water supply requiring conventional treatment to
Class A
meet the PNSDW
Recreational Water Class I – Intended for primary contact recreation (e.g., bathing, swimming, skin diving,
Class B
etc.)
Fishery Water, Recreational Water Class II, or Water Supply Class I – Intended for propagation and growth
Class C
of fish & other aquatic resources, boating, manufacturing processes after treatment
Class D Industrial Water Supply Class I – Intended for agriculture, irrigation, livestock watering, etc.
Source: DENR
Table 2.7.2 Guideline Values for Different Classes of Water for Monitored Parameters
Parameter Unit Class AA Class A Class B Class C Class D
BOD (Max) mg/liter 1.0 5.0 5.0 7.0 (10.0) 10.0 (15.0)
DO (Min) mg/liter 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 3.0
TDS (Max) mg/liter 500.0 1,000.0 -- -- 1,000.0
TSS (Max) mg/liter 25.0 50.0 (b) (c) (d)
Notes: (a) The numerical limits are yearly average values. Values enclosed in parentheses are maximum values.
(b) Not more than 30% increase, (c) Not more than 30mg/liter increase, (d) Not more than 60mg/liter increase
Source: DENR Administrative Order 90-34
In accordance with the above classifications, DENR broadly categorized the water quality of
Pampanga River and its tributaries as listed below.
Table 2.7.3 Classification of Applicable Water Usages of Principal Rivers in

Pampanga River Basin
Classification Name of River River System
Class AA No principal river is classified under this category -
Class A Pampanga main stream (the upstream), Sacobia River Pampanga Main
Pampanga River (Downstream), Pantabangan River, Coronell River, Peñaranda
Pampanga Main
River , Talavera River
Class B
Angat River (Upstream) Angat
Porac River (Downstream), San Fernando River Porac
Rio Chico River Pampanga Main
Class C
Angat River (Downstream) Angat
Class D No principal river is classified under this category -
Source: DENR-EMB. 2007
As listed above, the majority of the river channels in Pampanga river basin are classified as Class B
and none as Class D. Thus, DENR evaluates that Pampanga River and its tributaries are not
seriously polluted yet. This general evaluation by DENR could be preliminarily accepted in the
present study judging from the results of the field reconnaissance. However, a particular attention
should be paid to Abacan River, a tributary of Pasac River, which flows through Angeles City, the
largest urban area in Pampanga river basin. The JICA Study Team had observed that the river gives
an offensive odor during the dry season and, therefore, it is hardly classified even as Class D.
The DENR-Environmental Management Bureau (EMB) Region III monitors the water quality of
Pampanga main stream and San Fernando River, a tributary of Pasac River. Water sampling for
Pampanga main stream was made at three (3) stations, all of which are located in Apalit Municipality,
Province of Pampanga. As for San Fernando River, the water samples were taken from seven (7)
monitoring stations located within the city limits of San Fernando. In addition, the DENR-EMB
Region III monitored the Minalin, Porac and Angat rivers in 2007 and 2008. However, the
monitoring activities appear to be very sporadic, so that the data sets generated were not applied to the
evaluation.
2-8
The available records of river water quality are for the years 2003 to 2006 for Pampanga River at
Apalit monitoring stations and 2007 to 2008 for San Fernando River, as listed in Annex-T 2.7.1 to
Annex-T 2.7.2 and summarized below.
Table 2.7.4 Summary of Over-Year Average Water Quality of Pampanga River and
San Fernando River
(unit: mg/liter)
River Monitored/DENR Criteria for
Quarter/Year BOD DO TDS TSS
Water Usage
1st Quarter 3.7 6.4 234.8 74.0
Pampanga River at Apalit Monitoring
2nd Quarter 2.7 3.9 322.4 107.8
Point
3rd Quarter 7.0 5.9 345.9 111.5
4th Quarter 1.8 6.4 197.0 285.7
(Monitoring Period: 2003 -2006)
Throughout- Year 4.3 5.7 282.1 142.2
1st Quarter 18.6 7.2 429.0 56.3
San Fernando River in the City Limit
2nd Quarter 24.8 5.4 539.0 62.6
of San Fernando
3rd Quarter 10.6 4.7 - 48.3
4th Quarter 6.9 3.8 - 50.3
(Monitoring Period: 2007 -2008)
Throughout- Year 13.0 5.0 429.0 47.9
DENR Criteria for Water Usage of Class A < 5.0 >5.0 <1,000.0 <50.0
Source : DENR Region III, 2009
As listed above, Pampanga River shows that the parameters except TSS are within the criteria for
water usage of Class A. Thus, the upstream of the river from the monitoring point at Apalit could be
evaluated to be rather clean and expected as the eligible source of water supply for drinking water on
the premise of conventional treatment only. The TSS of the river is, however, over the limit of
Class A, which could be related to the deterioration of the watershed in the upper reaches of the river
basin.
In contrast to Pampanga River, San Fernando River shows that the parameter of BOD in particular is
far beyond the limit of Class A and could not be applicable even to the water usage of Class D. This
could be attributed to the effluent from San Fernando City to the river.
2.7.2 Groundwater Quality
The groundwater is the primary source for the potable water supply in the study area. Hence, the
present groundwater quality has been preliminarily evaluated against the Philippine National
Standards for Drinking Water (PNSDW) by the Department of Health (DOH).
The results of the bacteriological analysis for coliform and the metal analysis for toxic materials
contained in the groundwater were collected from sampling points albeit a very few. According to the
DOH, impermissible toxic materials such as arsenic, cadmium, and mercury were not detected. As
for the results of the bacteriological analysis, impermissible coliform was detected in the raw
groundwater at a few wells in Angeles City. Nevertheless, the treated groundwater contains no
impermissible coliform. The results of the interview survey further assured that no fatal disease has
originated from the groundwater in the study area.
In addition to the results of the above bacteriological and metal analyses, those for physical and
chemical analyses by the groundwater quality tests in 2005 to 2008 were collected from 180 sampling
points in 21 water districts in and around the study area. The results of the physical and chemical
analysis are as shown in Annexes-T 2.7.3 to 2.7.5 and summarized as below.
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Table 2.7.5 Results of Water Quality Test for Groundwater Managed by Water Districts in
and around the Study Area
Description Bulacan Pampanga Nueva Ecija Total
1. Total Number of Sampling Points 71 87 22 180
2. Number of Sampling Points above PNSDW Limit
(1) Turbidity 2 0 0 2
(2) True Color 4 0 0 4
(3) Ph 8 1 0 8
(4) Hardness 3 0 2 3
(5) Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) 35 0 0 35
(6) Chloride 15 0 0 15
(7) Iron 1 1 0 1
(8) Manganese 0 9 1 0
Source: Water Districts
As shown in the above Table 2.7.5, the groundwater at a substantial number of sampling points in the
province of Bulacan (35 points out of 71 points in total) shows the high values of TDS and Chloride,
which exceed the PNSDW Limits. Moreover, seven samples (or about 10% of all samples) show the
extremely high TDS of more than 1,000mg/liter, which is double of the PNSDW Limits (refer to
Figure 2.7.1). Both TDS and Chloride could be the indicators for the mixture degree of salinity water,
and judging from the said extraordinary values of TDS and Chloride, the groundwater in a part of the
province of Bulacan could be hardly used as the source of drinking water.
2,000
1,800 Bulacan Pampanga Nueva
Ecija
1,600
1,400
TDS (mg/L)
1,200
1,000
800
PNS DW Limit (500mg/L)
600
400
200
0
Sampling Point
Source: Water Districts
Figure 2.7.1 TDS of Groundwater in Each Province
Salinity intrusion to the groundwater in general

occurs in the shoreline areas. The NWRC (the
present NWRB) had estimated the possible
extent of the saltwater encroached area as shown
in Figure 2.7.2 based on the results of
groundwater quality tests made before 1982, the
analysis on the resistivity formation of aquifers,
and other available relevant data. As shown in
this f, the saltwater encroached area spreads over
the coastal belt of about 20 to 30km in width.
Source: NWRB
Figure 2.7.2 Possible Extent of Saltwater

Encroached Area Estimated by NWRC in 1982
2-10
In addition to the TDS and Chloride, the Ph values of the groundwater also exceed the PNSDW Limits
at about 11% of the sampling points in the province of Bulacan. Nevertheless, the excess of Ph values
are not significant as compared with those of the aforesaid TDS: such excessive Ph value leads to
unpalatable water a little, but not fatal disease. A little concern is further given to the impermissible
concentration of Manganese detected at nine sampling wells in the province of Pampanga. However,
the sample wells, which contain the impermissible concentration, are located within a few water
districts only, and reduction in concentration of Manganese could be made through proper treatment.
2.7.3 Coastal/Marine Water Quality
In 2008, the DENR-EMB Region III began monitoring the quality of coastal waters near the mouth of
Manila Bay, which is the outlet of Pampanga River. This is in support of the initiative to rehabilitate
Manila Bay. Six stations are being monitored in Pampanga Delta, specifically, along the fishpond
areas in the towns of Masantol, Macabebe and Sasmuan. The data sets are, however, still inadequate
for purposes of this analysis.
Nevertheless, available reports from water quality assessments done in adjoining coastal areas of
Manila Bay including Navotas, Metro Manila and Cavite, confirm the risks to human health posed by
high fecal and total coliform load and other toxic contaminants contributed by domestic, agricultural
and industrial wastes from areas draining into Manila Bay. While it is yet uncertain how much
Pampanga river basin contributes in terms of total load, pollutants in the coastal environment are
constantly being remobilized.
2.8 Ecologically Sensitive Area
Republic Act No. 7586, which is known as the National Integrated Protected Areas System (NIPAS)
Act, prescribes the eight categories of protected areas, namely; (a) strict nature reserve; (b) natural
park; (c) natural monument; (d) wildlife sanctuary; (e) protected landscapes and seascapes;
(f) resource reserve; (g) natural biotic areas; and (h) other categories, established by law, conventions
or international agreements which the Philippine Government is a signatory. In accordance with the
Act, the following areas in and around the study area are designated as protected areas established
under the NIPAS.
Table 2.8.1 Protected Areas in and around the Study Area under the NIPAS
Protected Area Area(ha)
1. National Park (NP)s
(1) Minalungao NP 2,018.00
(2) Biak-na-Bato NP 658.85
(3) Mt. Arayat NP 3,715.23
2. Watershed Forest Reserves
(1) Angat Watershed Forest Reserve District 55,709.10
(2) Angat Watershed and Forest Range 6,600.00
(3) Talavera Watershed Reservation 37,156.00
(4) Pantabangan-Carrangan Watershed Reservation 84,500.00
(5) Doña Remedios/General Tiño Watershed 20,760.00
Total 211,117.18
Source: 2004 Statistics on Philippine Protected Areas and Wildlife Bureau (PAWB)
In addition to the above protected areas designated under NIPAS, particular attention should be paid to
Candaba Swamp, which has been declared as a bird sanctuary by the Candaba Municipality under
Resolution No.51, series of 2004, and the mangrove forest in the study area. Among them, Candaba
Swamp is one of the Ramsar candidate sites extending over 33,000ha in the middle reaches of
Pampanga river basin. The swamp and Manila Bay were also nominated as Important Bird Area
designated by the Bird Life International.
As for mangrove forest, there existed the mangrove area of 1,276ha around Manila Bay, of which
1,007ha extended in the study area in 1994. However, the Environmental Resource Validation by
Manila Bay Environmental Atlas identified that the said extent of mangrove area was reduced to
414.15ha, which includes 230ha in the study area, in 2005, as listed below. Thus, the mangrove areas
are declining significantly in Manila Bay due to conversion of land use.
2-11
Table 2.8.2 Existing Mangrove in the Study Area
(unit: ha)
Province In 1994 In 2005
Bulacan 259 10
Pampanga 748 220
Total 1,007 230
Source: Manila Bay Area Environmental Atlas, DENR,200723)
2.9 Wildlife (Fauna)

Pursuant to Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) Administrative Order
No. 2004-15, The National List of Threatened Fauna was prepared with the aim to determine species
of wild birds, mammals, and reptiles which shall be declared as priority concern for protection and
conservation. According to the red list, one species of mammal and seven (7) species of birds are listed
for Pampanga river basin as shown below.
Table 2.9.1 Species Listed in the Red List for Conservation in and around the Study Area
Conservation Distribution
Taxonomy Scientific Name Common Name
Status Area
Mamals Acerodon jubatus Golden-crowned fruit bat EN Tarlac
Birds Ptilinopus marchei Flame-breasted fruit dove VU Aurora
Ptilinopus merrilli Cream-bellied fruit dove VU Nueva Ecija
Erythrura viridifacies Green-faced parrotfinch VU Bulacan
Grus antigone Sarus crane Candaba Swamp and
CR
Nueva Ecija
Prinoturus luconensis Green-headed racket-tailed parrot Mt.Arayat and
VU
Pampanga
Tringa guttifer Nordmann’s greenshank EN Bulacan
Zoothera cinerea Ashy thrush VU Bulacan
Note: Conservation Status: CR (Critically Endangered), EN (Endangered), VU (Vulnerable). Species under Appendix I of
the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) are categorized as
CR, while those in Appendix II of CITES are categorized as EN.
Source: 2004 Statistics on Philippines Protected Areas and Wildlife Resources, Protected Areas and Wildlife Bureau (PAWB)
The following table further shows the number of waterfowls recorded in the study area.
Table 2.9.2 Number of Waterfowls Recorded in the Study Area between 2005 and 2010
Year &
Observed Place* 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Type of Birds a a a b c a d e a
Grebes 0 30 21 8 0 3 0 0 24
Herons & Egrets 3,390 2,142 3,093 3,537 2,000 6,769 4,271 197 6,213
Ibises & Spoonbills 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0
Geese & Ducks 3,483 4,193 4,379 10,009 0 1,750 0 1,124 4,875
Rails, Gallinules & Coots 253 187 143 223 52 146 78 3 132
Finfoot & Jacanas 5 0 3 3 0 13 0 0 2
Shorebirds-Waders 3,623 1,703 93 276 1,123 420 12,140 55 680
Gulls, Terns & Skimmers 470 851 70 3,702 800 3,546 11,080 0 1,185
Others 12 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total 11,236 9,111 7,802 17,759 3,975 12,648 27,569 1,379 13,111
Note:* Observed Place: a = Candaba Swamp, Pampanga b = Brgy. Vizal San Pablo, Candaba, Pampanga
c = Brgy. Paralaya, Candaba, Pampanga d = Consuelo, Macabebe & Sasmuan, Pampanga
e = Pantabangan Dam, Nueva Ecija
Source: Asian Waterfowl Census, Wetland International, compiled by PAWB
As shown in the table, more than 10,000 of the waterfowls migrate to the study area almost every year,
and the Candaba Swamp could be identified as important habitat for waterfowls. Moreover, the
waterfowls in the study area include the rare species, e.g., Philippine Duck (Anas luzonica) and
Black-faced Spoonbill (Platalea minor), which were observed in Candaba Swamp and Pantabangan
Dam and classified as Vulnerable and Endangered under the IUCN Red List.
2-12
2.10 Water-Related Disasters in the Study Area
2.10.1 Flood
The Regional Disaster Coordinating Committee (RDCC) for Region III recorded the recent flood
damages from 2003 to 2006 in the provinces of Bulacan, Pampanga and Nueva Ecija, which are
centrallt located in the study area, as shown in Table 2.10.1 (refer to Annex-T 2.10.1). According to
the flood damage records, these three provinces have suffered from extensive flood damage, which
include 30 to 750 thousand of population affected by floods every year. In particular, large-scaled
flood damages successively occurred three times in 2004.
Table 2.10.1 Recent Recorded Major Flood Damage in Pampanga,
Bulacan and Nueva Ecija Provinces
Time of Affected Number of Casualties Number of Houses Damaged
Typhoon
Flood Population Dead Injured Totally Partially
Jul. 2003 Haurot 163,309 5
Aug. 2004 Marce 757,070 14 1 120 1,200
Nov. 2004 Violeta 9,562 2
Nov. 2004 Winnie 537,058 16 2 602 1,409
Nov. 2004 Toyong 324,498 8 2 94 162
Sep. 2005 Labuyo 43,631
Jul. 2006 Glenda 30,831
Oct. 2006 Mienyo 34,045 1 0 274 1,610
Source: RDCC-Region III
The recent largest flood damage was caused by Typhoon Marce in August 2004. The remote sensing
analysis by Dartmouth Flood Observatory shows that the flood area by Typhoon Marce spread to over
1,151km2 or about 11% of the study area, which encompasses Pampanga Delta, a substantial part
along the midstream of Pampanga River and its tributary Rio Chico River (refer to Annex-F 2.10.1).
As stated above, large-scaled flood damages occurs almost every year in the study area, and the most
serious damage is in the area of Pampanga Delta. The principal cause of such frequent and
large-scaled flood damage could be attributed to the extremely small river flow capacity.
The channel flow capacities of the downstream and midstream sections of Pampanga River were
preliminarily estimated, as listed in Table 2.10.2, based on the results of the previous relevant study in
1982. According to the results of estimation, the flow capacities of the whole section of Pampanga
River from Masantol to Cabiao (the stretches of about 14km to 54km upstream from the river mouth)
are evaluated to hardly cope with even a 5-year return period flood.
Table 2.10.2 River Channel Flow Capacity and Probable Peak Runoff Discharge
(unit: m3/s)
Channel Flow Probable Peak Flood Runoff Discharge
River Stretch
Capacity 5-year return period 10-year return period
River Mouth – Masantol 4,300 (500)* 2,654 3,517
Masantol – Sulipan 2,200 2,654 3,517
Pampanga Sulipan – Arayat 1,800 2,349 2,731
Arayat – Cabiao 2,000 2,424 3,071
Cabiao – San Isidro 2,500 2,408 3,051
Angat Calumpit – Expressway Bridge 900 737 854
San Fernando Sexmoan – San Fernando 200 272 363
Note: : * The channel flow capacity was increased from 500 to 4,300m3/s through PPDP-Phase I in 1993.
Source: Feasibility Report on the Pampanga Delta Development Project, 1982, JICA1)
The widening of river channel, together with the construction of embankment was made for the river
stretch of 14km in length from the river mouth to Masantol through Pampanga Delta Development
Project (hereinafter referred to as “PDDP”) Phase I in 1993. As a result of this project, the channel
flow capacity of the section from the river mouth to Masantol had increased from 500 to 4,300m3/s,
which could cope with the probable flood of 20-year return period. The PDDP was originally
scheduled to continue as Phase II in order to increase the channel flow capacity for the further
2-13
upstream sections, but Phase II is being held as a plan examined due to the extremely large scale of
house relocation required.
According to the results of field reconnaissance, the fishponds are expanding in Pampanga Delta in
particular, and such expansion of fishponds are deemed to narrow the river channel width, which
accelerates reduction of the channel flow capacity and induces more frequent occurrence of flood.
Moreover, the recent remarkable progress of land subsidence could also aggravate the flooding
conditions.
2.10.2 Sediment Disaster
Mt. Pinatubo, which is located in the southwestern part of the study area, erupted in 1991, and
produced an extremely large volume of lahar runoff, which flowed down as mudflow to the rivers in
the eastern Pinatubo areas such as Sacobia-Bamban River (a tributary of Pampanga River), and the
tributaries of Porac River, namely; Abacan River, Pasig-Potrero River and Gumain River.
The runoff volume of lahar immediately after the eruption was estimated at about 1,650 MCM, and
since then the annual runoff volume of more than 100 MCM continued for three years from 1992 to
1994. On the other hand, PHILVOLCS predicted that such large volume of lahar runoff would rapidly
subside, and the Study Team confirmed that the lahar runoff had substantially subsided, through the
field reconnaissance and the interview survey with the relevant organizations (refer to Figure 2.10.1).
Although the runoff of lahar has subsided, the volume of lahar of about 900 MCM still accumulates
in the upper reaches of the river basin, and the sediment continues to run-off from the accumulated
volume. As the result, the current sediment runoff volume into the river channel is estimated at about
four times of those before the eruption of Mt. Pinatubo. The annual specific yield of sediment
before the eruption of Mt. Pinatubo was 17m3/ha/year, while the present yield is 62m3/ha/year in
Pasig-Potrero river basin. Likewise, Porac-Gumain has the annual specific yield of 14m3/ha/year
before the eruption, while it is 56m3/ha/year at present. These present larger sediment runoff is
estimated to continue for more than 100 years, and a substantial part would accumulate in the river
channel causing reduction of the channel flow capacity, unless certain countermeasures are taken such
as river dredging to remove the sediment and reforestation to reduce the sediment run-off.
300
Annual Sediment Runoff Volume (MCM)
250
Predicted Volume
Actual Volume Observed
200
150
100
50
0
1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
Year
Source: The Study on Flood and

Mudflow Control for
Sacobia Banban/Abacan
River Draining from Mt.
Figure 2.10.1 Pinatubo, 1996, JICA Observed and
Predicted Runoff Volume of Lahar by PHILVOLCS
In addition to the above problems of sediment runoff, another important issue concerns the drainage
of San Fernando River, which functions as the principal drainage channel for San Fernando City. The
large volume of mudflow from Mt. Pinatubo had blocked the waterway from San Fernando River to
Pasig-Potrero River. As the result, floodwaters flowing into the San Fernando River is hardly drained
at present, which induces the frequent and serious flood damage in San Fernando City. In order to
cope with this drainage problem, an alternative route called “the Pilot Channel” was newly excavated
to drain the floodwater of San Fernando River into Manila Bay. However, the flow capacity of the
2-14
Pilot Channel could cope only with the probable flood runoff discharge of less than 2-year return
period.
2.11 Land Subsidence

The low-lying Pampanga Delta in the study area in particular is subject to chronic flood damage, and
one of the major causes of flood damage could be attributed to the current rapid progress of land
subsidence. The JICA Study in 2002 reported that the evidence of land subsidence in Pampanga Delta
could be seen at Orani Harbor in Bataan Province which is located northwest of Manila Bay. The
dock and market in the harbor was never flooded at the time of its construction. However, they are
now flooded to a maximum inundation depth of about 1m every year during the Spring High Tides.
The said JICA Study also gives other evidence like the ground floor level of several old buildings in
Guagua and Sasmuan municipalities in Pampanga Province which had sunk by 2 to 3m over several
decades.
The actual extents of land subsidence were examined in the above JICA Study in 2002, as well as the
study by Rodolf and Siringan, University of Philippines, in 2003. With reference to these studies, it is
preliminarily presumed that the land subsidence is occurring at least over the coastal area in Pampanga
Province from the shoreline to about 40km inland. The coastal area in Bulacan Province could be also
affected by the land subsidence judging from the similar geological settings and the excessive
abstraction of groundwater compared to those in Pampanga Province, although no relevant previous
study has confirmed it yet.
The annual average rate of land
subsidence in the coastal area in
Pampanga Province is preliminarily
Isobath estimated in JICA
presumed, with reference to the above Study, 2002
two studies, to be in a range of
0.5cm/year inland to 8cm/year at the
coastal side (refer to Figure 2.11.1).
The area of the subject land subsidence
in Pampanga Province is a broad
tidal-river delta complex formed by the
sediment runoff from Pampanga river
basin, and its underlying alluvium is
composed of consolidated silt or clay,
and poor cemented sand and gravel.
This geological setting tends to cause
land compaction once dewatering of Study by
aquifer is made by abstraction of the Rodolf.Siring,a 2005
groundwater. At the same time, the
present abstraction volume of 2 to 8cm/yr
groundwater in the subject area far

exceeds the estimated groundwater
potential in some places. These factors
of the geological setting and the Manila Bay
excessive abstraction of groundwater
could be the principal causes of the Figure 2.11.1 Annual Average Rate of Land
present land subsidence. Subsidence Estimated in the Previous Study
The land elevation lowered by land subsidence is hardly recovered once it occurs, and the control of
the present excessive abstraction of groundwater is only the solution to avoid further land subsidence.
However, the present lack of monitoring system for land elevation in the coastal area would cause
difficulties in identifying the precise progressive rate of land subsidence, leading to difficulties in
estimating the proper abstraction volume of groundwater. From this point of view, the periodical
leveling survey for benchmarks, together with the monitoring of abstraction of the groundwater, would
be required to estimate the proper abstraction volume of groundwater.
2-15
Chapter 3. Present Socio-Economic Conditions of the Study Area
3.1 Demographic Characteristics
The population in the study area was estimated based on the censuses of NSCB at the city/municipal
level in 1980, 1990, 1995, 2000 and 2007. As described in the foregoing Section 1.2, the study area
wholly or partially covers ninety (90) cities/municipalities. Most of them (i.e., 76 cities/municipalities)
are concentrated in the four (4) provinces of Bulacan, Pampanga, Nueva Ecija and Tarlac, while the
remaining 14 cities/municipalities are dispersed in the fringes of the other seven (7) provinces: Quezon,
Aurora, Nueva Viscaya, Pangasinan, Rizal, Bataan and Zambales.
The population within the study area was assumed as the population of each city/municipality
multiplied with the percentage of administrative area covered by the study area. On this assumption,
the population in the study area in 2007 is estimated at about 5.8 million, which corresponds to about
59.2% of the total in Region III and/or 6.5% of the national total (refer to Table 3.1.1 and
Annex-T 3.1.1). Pampanga Province takes the largest population of 2.2 million (about 38% of the
total) in the study area. After Pampanga Province, Nueva Ecija has the second largest population of
1.7 million (30% of the total); Bulacan, 1.3 million (23%) and Tarlac 0.5 million (8%).
Table 3.1.1 Estimated Population in the Study Area

Province 1980 1990 1995 2000 2007
Bulacan 594,920 769,921 908,081 1,072,923 1,299,400
Nueva Ecija 990,542 1,222,034 1,402,016 1,549,715 1,733,849
Pampanga 1,159,123 1,503,152 1,602,261 1,839,706 2,180,084
Tarlac 260,839 322,431 345,794 396,042 472,676
Others 28,922 40,365 43,744 51,150 70,148
Whole Study Area 3,034,346 3,857,903 4,301,897 4,909,536 5,756,156
Source: (1) Population Census in 1980, 1990, 1995, 2000, and 2007 by NSCB (for basic population data)
(2) JICA Study Team (for overlapping ratio of study area with cities/municipalities)
The past population growth in the study area was estimated based on the above population censuses.
The annual average growth from 1980 to 2007 in the study area is 2.40%, which is slightly higher than
the national average of 2.35% as listed in Table 3.1.2 (refer to Annex-T 3.1.1). Among the major
four (4) provinces in the study area, Bulacan currently is undergoing intensive urbanization in the
southeastern part of the province, which faces Metro Manila, in particular. Due to such intensive
urbanization, the province recorded the highest growth of 2.94% from 1980 to 2007 among those in
the four (4) provinces, while Nueva Ecija, the lowest growth of 2.1%.
Table 3.1.2 Estimated Annual Average Population Growth in the Study Area
Province 1980-1990 1990-2000 2000-2007 1980-2007
Bulacan 2.61% 3.37% 2.77% 2.94%
Nueva Ecija 2.12% 2.40% 1.62% 2.10%
Pampanga 2.63% 2.04% 2.45% 2.37%
Tarlac 2.14% 2.08% 2.56% 2.23%
Whole Study Area 2.43% 2.44% 2.30% 2.40%
Source: (1) Population Census in 1980, 1990, 1995, 2000, and 2007 by NSCB (for Basic Population Data)
(2) JICA Study Team (for Overlapping Ratio of study area with Cities/Municipalities)
The population density in the study area in 2007 is 552 persons/km2, which is more than double of the
national average of 258 persons/km2 (refer to Table 3.1.3). Among the major four (4) provinces in
the study area, Pampanga Province has the highest average population density of 1,078 persons/km2 in
2007 followed by 643 persons/km2 in Bulacan Province, 567persons/km2 in Tarlac and
346 persons/km2 in Nueva Ecija, as shown in Table 3.1.3. Among the ten (10) cities/municipalities
having a higher rank of population density in the study area, four (4) are in Pampanga Province and
six (6) are in Bulacan Province, as shown in Table 3.1.4 (refer to Annex-T 3.1.2). The
cities/municipalities with higher population density of more than 2,000 are Malolos City/its vicinities
in Bulacan Province and Angeles/San Fernando cities and their vicinities in Pampanga Province. as
3-1
shown in Annex-F 3.1.1. Angeles City has the highest population density of 5,008 persons/km2
followed by San Fernando City in Pampanga Province with 3,928 persons/km2 and Guiguinto in
Bulacan Province with 3,598 persons/km2 of (refer to Table 3.1.4).
Table 3.1.3 Estimated Population Density in the Study Area

Population Density (persons/km2)
Province Area (km2)
1980 1990 1995 2000 2007
Bulacan 2,021 294 381 449 531 643
Nueva Ecija 5,013 198 244 280 309 346
Pampanga 2,022 573 743 792 910 1,078
Tarlac 834 313 387 415 475 567
Whole Study Area 10,434 291 370 412 471 552
(2) JICA Study Team (for Overlapping Ratio of study area with Cities/Municipalities)
Table 3.1.4 Ten Cities/Municipalities with Higher Rank of Population Density

in the Study Area
Name of Name of Area Population Density (persons/km2)
Rank
City/Municipality Province (km2) 1980 1990 1995 2000 2007
1 Angeles Pampanga 63 3,007 3,769 3,726 4,203 5,008
2 San Fernando Pampanga 69 1,617 2,302 2,815 3,235 3,928
3 Guiguinto Bulacan 2 1,119 1,796 2,120 2,725 3,598
4 Baliuag Bulacan 44 1,617 2,057 2,362 2,743 3,140
5 Malolos City Bulacan 73 1,318 1,725 2,031 2,415 3,073
6 Plaridel Bulacan 20 1,104 1,494 1,872 2,271 2,816
7 Santo Tomas Pampanga 14 1,725 2,303 2,048 2,260 2,618
8 Santa Maria Bulacan 1 747 1,163 1,285 1,834 2,610
9 Guagua Pampanga 49 1,484 1,804 1,949 1,979 2,131
10 Pulilan Bulacan 44 874 1,105 1,368 1,563 1,949
3.2 Economic Characteristics

3.2.1 Gross Regional Domestic Product
Due to the inadequate census on Gross Value Added (hereinafter referred to as GVA)1 in each of the
industrial origin at the municipal and/or provincial levels, the general view on the current regional
domestic product of the study area was accessed based on the economic census at the regional level.
As described above, about 60% of the population in Region III is within the study area and, out of
117 cities/municipalities located in the region, the study area overlaps wholly or partly with
90 cities/municipalities. Judging from these socio economic features of the study area, the peculiarities
of regional domestic product in the study area could be substantially delineated through the economic
census of the region.
(1) Contribution Rate of GRDP of Region III to GNP
Region III recorded the GRDP of 501 billion pesos in 2007, which takes 7.5% of the GNP,
and ranks third next to the National Capital Region (NCR) and Region IV (CALABARZON)
(refer to Table 3.2.1). These three (3) regions in the higher rank of GRDP (i.e., NCR,
Region IV and Region III) are tied together with the North and South Super-Highways and
produce 56.1% of GNP in total. Thus, the regions form the core economic block in the
Philippines, and Region III plays a part of the important economic activities in Philippines.
1
The aggregate of the gross value added from each industrial sector is defined as the Gross Regional Domestic
Product (GRDP).
3-2
Table 3.2.1 GRDPs of Three Regions in a Higher Rank and their Shares to GNP
Region GRDP (billion pesos/year) Share to GNP
NCR 2,479 37.30%
Region IV-A 752 11.30%
Region III 501 7.50%
Total 3,732 56.10%
Source : “Gross Regional Domestic Product” by National Statistical Coordination Board, 2005-2007
Among the industrial sectors in Region III, the IVA
Agricultural Sector shows the highest share of III
XII
GVA to the national total (10% of the national VI
total) in 2007 followed by 8.3% in the Industrial X
Sector and 6.4% in the Service Sector (refer to XI
I
Table 3.2.2). This 10% of the Agriculture Sector IX
Region
is ranked 2nd among all regions in the II
Philippines next to Region IV, CALABARZON IVB
VIII
(refer to Figure 3.2.1). VII
V
Moreover, the GVA in the Agriculture Sector of ARMM
Region III tends to increase its share to the XIII
national total unlike the Industrial and Service CAR
NCR
Sectors, which tend to decrease their shares to 0.0% 5.0% 10.0% 15.0%
the national total (refer to Figure 3.2.2). Gross Value Added (million pesos)
Figure 3.2.1 Share of Gross Value Added by

Region to National Total in the
Agricultural Sector (year 2007)
Table 3.2.2 Share of Gross Value Added of Region III to National Total in 2007
(unit: million pesos/year)
Agricultural Industrial Service
Description Total
Sector Sector Sector
Gross Value Added in Region III 93,539 175,857 231,959 501,356
Gross Value Added in the whole Country 936,415 2,107,287 3,604,542 6,648,245
Share of Gross Vale Added of Region III 10.0% 8.3% 6.4% 7.5%
Source : “Gross Regional Domestic Product” by National Statistical Coordination Board, 2005-2007”
12%
GVA of Agriculture
11%
Ratio to National Total
10%
9% GVA of Industry
GVA of S ervice
8%
GRDP of RegioIII
7%
6%
1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Year
Figure 3.2.2 Long Term Variation of Contribution Ratio of GRDP and

GVA of Region III to National Total
As described above, Region III contributes to the GNP of the Philippines especially in the
Agricultural Sector. It is further noted that the Philippines produced paddy of 16.8 million
3-3
metric tons in total, out of which about 3.0 million metric tons or about 18% was produced in
Region III in 2007 (refer to Table 3.2.3). This production volume in Region III is the largest in
all of the regions. Thus, Region III is the principal staple rice-producing district contributing
to increment of self-sufficient ratio in flood, which is one of the national development
strategies in the Philippines.
Of the above paddy production volume in the country, 12.6 million metric tons or about 75%
is irrigated-paddy production. Again, Region III is the largest irrigated paddy-producing
district taking the share of about 22% of the national total. Moreover, the provinces of Nueva
Ecija, Tarlac, Pampanga and Bulacan, the substantial part of which are within in the study area,
are ranked as the 1st, 5th, 9th and 14th largest irrigated paddy-producing provinces among
80 provinces in the whole country (refer to Figure 3.2.3). These four (4) provinces produced
the irrigated paddy of 2.4 million metric tons in total, which corresponds to about 19% of the
country total in 2007. Judging from these irrigated-paddy productions, the sustainable water
supply for paddy irrigation in the study area is deemed to be one of the important issues for
not only the regional economy but also for the national economy.
Table 3.2.3 Volume of Paddy Production by Region in 2007

(unit: metric ton)
Irrigated Paddy Rain fed Paddy Total
Rank Region Production Production Production
Share Share Share
Volume Volume Volume
1 Region III 2,710,433 21.6% 303,914 7.1% 3,014,347 17.9%
2 Region VI 1,240,210 9.9% 877,388 20.6% 2,117,598 12.6%
3 Region II 1,872,024 14.9% 208,216 4.9% 2,080,240 12.4%
4 Region I 1,113,627 8.9% 578,002 13.6% 1,691,629 10.1%
5 Region XII 998,390 8.0% 236,367 5.5% 1,234,757 7.3%
6 Region VIII 631,886 5.0% 398,735 9.4% 1,030,621 6.1%
7 Region V 724,258 5.8% 273,323 6.4% 997,581 5.9%
8 Region IV-B 536,497 4.3% 326,718 7.7% 863,215 5.1%
9 ARMM 250,400 2.0% 381,291 9.0% 631,691 3.8%
10 Region IX 374,836 3.0% 176,474 4.1% 551,310 3.3%
11 Region X 507,939 4.0% 43,307 1.0% 551,246 3.3%
12 CARAGA 312,206 2.5% 135,111 3.2% 447,317 2.7%
13 CAR 372,282 3.0% 72,874 1.7% 445,156 2.6%
14 Region IV-A 340,836 2.7% 87,249 2.0% 428,085 2.5%
15 Region XI 378,087 3.0% 40,867 1.0% 418,954 2.5%
16 Region VII 192,239 1.5% 119,562 2.8% 311,801 1.9%
National Total 12,556,150 100.0% 4,259,398 100.0% 16,815,548 100.0%
Source: Country STAT by Bureau of Agricultural Statistics, Department of Agriculture
Volume of Irrigared Paddy Prodyction
1,400
1st Nueva Ecija
1,200
(thousand metric ton)
1,000
800
600 6th Tarlak
9th Pampanga
400
14th Bulacan
200
0
1 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80
Rank of Province in Irrigated Paddy Production
Source: Country STAT by Bureau of Agricultural Statistics, Department of Agriculture
Figure 3.2.3 Volume of Irrigated Paddy Production by Region
3-4
(2) Gross Value Added in Each Industrial Sector for Region III
According to the statistics from NSCB, the highest GVA in Region III has been recorded in
the Manufacturing Subsector of the Industrial Sector followed by the Agriculture/Fishery
Subsector of the Agricultural Sector and the Trade Subsectors of the Service Sector
throughout the recent 10 years from 1998 to 2007 (refer to Table 3.2.4 and Figure 3.2.4). The
GVA in the Manufacturing Subsector makes up 24% of the GRDP of Region III in 2007,
while the GVA in the Agriculture/Fishery Subsector was about 19%. Thus, there is currently a
substantial difference between the GVAs in the Manufacturing and Agriculture Subsectors.
During the years from 1995 to 1997, however, the GVA in the Manufacturing Subsector were
almost the same as those in the Agriculture/Fishery; both of these subsectors produced about
24% of the GRDP in 1995, as shown in Table 3.2.5.
Table 3.2.4 Gross Value Added in Industrial Origin in Region III

(unit: million pesos)
Sector Subsector Amount Share
(1) Agriculture and Fishery 93,435 18.6%
Agricultural Sector
(2) Forestry 104 0.0%
(3) Mining and Quarrying 639 0.1%
(4) Manufacturing 118,107 23.6%
Industrial Sector
(5) Construction 33,774 6.7%
(6) Electricity and Water 23,338 4.7%
(7) Transport, Comm., Storage 39,306 7.8%
(8) Trade 72,669 14.5%
(9) Finance 9,112 1.8%
Service Sector
(10) O. Dwellings & Real Estate 33,627 6.7%
(11) Private Services 48,504 9.7%
(12) Government Services 28,742 5.7%
Regional Total (GRDP) 501,356 100.0%
Note: The current price as of 2008
Source : “Gross Regional Domestic Product” by National Statistical Coordination Board
140
120
Gross Valu Added (million pesos)
100
Manufacturing
80
Agriculture
60
Trade
40
20
0
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
year
Source: “Gross Regional Domestic Product” by National Statistical Coordination Board
Figure 3.2.4 Long-Term Variation of Gross Value Added in

Manufacturing and Agriculture Subsector
The annual average growth rate of the GRDP in Region III from 1995 to 2007 was about 10%.
The highest growth rate of GVA was recorded in “Transport, Communication &
3-5
Storage” (14.3%) followed by “Electricity/Water Subsector” (13.8%). The Manufacturing
Subsector, which currently takes the largest share of GRDP in Region III, also recorded the
annual growth rate of 9.6%. In contrast, the Agriculture/Fishery Subsector confines its growth
rate below 8%. The degradation of the annual growth rate of the GVA in the
Agriculture/Fishery Subsector is the nationwide tendency, which could be attributed to the
lower productivity per head of worker as compared with the Industry and Service Sectors.
Nevertheless, the Agriculture/Fishery is still one of the key industries and currently takes in
the largest number of employees in Region III. Moreover, as described in the foregoing
item (1), promotion of the sector is indispensable to accord to one of the national policies for
the increase of food self-sufficiency rate.
Table 3.2.5 Annual Average Growth Rate of Gross Value Added in

Industrial Sectors of Region III from 1995 to 2007
Gross Value Added Annual Ave.
Sector Subsector (in million pesos) Growth Rate
In 1995 In 2007 1995-2007
(1) Agriculture and Fishery 38,532 93,435 7.7%
Agricultural Sector
(2) Forestry 0 104 -
(3) Mining and Quarrying 1,248 639 -5.4%
(4) Manufacturing 39,226 118,107 9.6%
Industrial Sector
(5) Construction 14,002 33,774 7.6%
(6) Electricity and Water 4,922 23,338 13.8%
(7) Transport, Comm., Storage 7,904 39,306 14.3%
(8) Trade 21,339 72,669 10.8%
(9) Finance 2,354 9,112 11.9%
Service Sector
(10) O. Dwellings & Real Estate 11,749 33,627 9.2%
(11) Private Services 10,939 48,504 13.2%
(12) Government Services 7,724 28,742 11.6%
Regional Total (GRDP) 159,939 501,356 10.0%
Source : “Gross Regional Domestic Product” by National Statistical Coordination Board
3.2.2 Number of Employees and Gross Regional Product per Head of Employee
The number of the employees in Region III is about 3.4 million, which corresponds to about 35% of
the total population in the region. The largest number of employees in the region belongs to
agriculture/forestry and the wholesale/retail; both of the occupations receive about 22% of the total
employees in the region as shown in Table 3.2.6.
Table 3.2.6 Number of Employees in Each Occupation

Number of
Occupation Share to Total(%)
Employees(thousand)
Agriculture and Forestry 745 21.9%
Wholesale and Retail* 743 21.9%
Manufacturing 416 12.2%
Social Service Activities** 382 11.2%
Transport, Communication and Storage 375 11.0%
Construction 252 7.4%
Private Household with Employed Persons 151 4.4%
Hotel and Restaurants 124 3.7%
Real Estate, Renting and Business Activities 82 2.4%
Fishing 59 1.7%
Financial Intermediation 45 1.3%
Electricity, Gas and Water 17 0.5%
Mining and Quarrying 5 0.1%
Total 3,396 100.0%
Note: * Including repair of motor vehicles, motorcycles and personal household goods
** Including public administration, and other community, social & personal service activities
Source: “2008 Philippines Statistical Yearbook” by National Statistical Coordination Board
3-6
The GVA per head of employee was estimated based on the above GVA and the number of employees
in each industrial sector. The highest GVA per head of employee is 255 thousand pesos/employee in
the Industrial Sector followed by 122 thousand pesos/employee in the Service Sector and
116 thousand pesos/employee in the Agricultural Sector.
Table 3.2.7 Gross Value Added per Head of Employee

Number of Employees in Gross Value Added per
Gross Value Added
Sector Each Industrial Sector Head of Employee
(million pesos)
(thousand) (pesos/person)
Agricultural Sector 93,539 804 116,342
Industrial Sector 175,858 690 254,867
Service Sector 231,960 1,902 121,956
Total 501,357 3,396 147,632
The current number of Employees as 2007
3.2.3 Income and Poverty Statistics

The annual incomes in Region III for the recent decade from 1997 to 2006 are in the range of 1.05 to
1.14 times of the national average, as shown in Table 3.2.8. At the same time, the annual income in
Region III is the third highest value next to NCR and Region VI-A among the 17 regions in the
Philippines. Thus, Region III is rather wealthy as compared with the other regions. There are, however,
large differences in income in the Philippines, and particular attention should be paid to the families
whose income is below the poverty threshold.
Table 3.2.8 Annual Average Family Income in Region III

Region 1997 2000 2003 2006
Average Annual Income (pesos/year/family) 133,130 151,449 160,000 197,640
Ratio to the National Average 108% 105% 108% 114%
NSCB has estimated the “Per Capita Poverty Threshold” (hereinafter referred to as “PCPT”), which is
the minimum income necessary to enhance an adequate standard of living by province in the
Philippines. The national average PCPT is 15,057 pesos/head/year, and about 33% of the population in
the country is regarded as indigent whose annual income is below the average PCPT. The indigents in
the major four provinces of Bulacan, Nueva Ecija, Pampanga and Tarlac in the study area form about
20% of the total population.
Table 3.2.9 Annual Per Capita Poverty Threshold and Incidences of Population for Whole Country
and Four Provinces Overlapped with Study Area
2003 2006
Per Capita Per Capita
Poverty Poverty
Objective Area Poverty Poor Poverty Poor
Incidence Incidence
Threshold Population Threshold Population
(%) (%)
(pesos/head/year) (pesos/head/year)
1 National Total 12,309 23,836,104 30.0 15,057 27,616,888 32.9
2. Provinces in Region III 14,378 1,535,784 17.5 17,298 1,914,590 20.7
3. Major Provinces in
14,629 1,289,078 17.5 17,446 1,584,003 20.3
Study Area
(1) Bulacan 15,027 307,762 12.3 17,768 358,012 13.4
(2) Nueva Ecija 14,394 484,106 27.1 17,830 662,742 37.7
(3) Pampanga 15,148 289,106 14.7 17,243 234,820 10.8
(4) Tarlac 13,866 208,104 18.4 16,463 328,428 27.6
* Annual Per Capita Poverty Threshold = The minimum annual income per person to meet the basic food and
non-food requirement.
** Poor Population = The population whose annual income is less than the per capita poverty threshold.
*** Poverty Incidence = The proportion of poor population to total population.
3-7
As stated above, the average ratio of the poor population in the study area is far lower than the national
average. However, particular attention should be given to the ratio in Nueva Ecija Province, which is
far higher than those in the other three provinces and exceeds even the national average. According to
the “Socio-Economic Profile of Nueva Ecija Province, Series of 2005,” a majority of the employees
are engaged in the Agricultural Sector (47% in the Agricultural Sector, 40% in the Service Sector, and
13% in the Industry Sector). Accordingly, one of the crucial measures for poverty alleviation in Nueva
Ecija Province should be addressed to the increment of income of the employees engaged in the
agricultural sector.
3.3 Land Cover

3.3.1 Preparation of Map of Existing Land Cover in the Study Area
There are two available data sources for the existing land cover condition in the study area, as follows:
 Land cover data prepared by DENR based on Landsat images taken in 2003 (available for the
entire study area)
 Land cover data prepared by NAMRIA and JICA for the new NAMRIA topographic
map (1:50,000) in 2008 (available only for the area covered by the new NAMRIA topographic
map)
After the evaluation by the Study Team, it was found that the latter data source represents much more
realistic conditions, especially for the built-up area. It was therefore decided that the latter data
source would be utilized as much as possible in the study, although it does not cover the entire study
area.
The existing land cover map was prepared by integrating the data from the above two data sources.
The latter data source was utilized for the main part of the study area as long as they were available;
whereas; the former was applied for the portions where the latter was not available. The categories
of land cover in the two data sources are different from each other. To combine the two data sources
into one integrated map, re-categorization was conducted. Annex-T 3.3.1 shows the categories
applied in the Study and their relationship with the categories in the two original data sources. The
combined data have been stored as GIS data for further utilization.
3.3.2 Existing Land Cover Condition
Annex-F 3.3.1 demonstrates the existing land cover condition in the study area based on the newly
prepared map, as described in Subsection 3.3.1. As shown in the figure, the agricultural area widely
spreads over the central part of the study area. The mountain area is characterized by forest land
and/or brush land. The built-up area is in general scattered. However, around the San Fernando and
Angeles areas is a continuous built-up area. The share of each category of land cover in the study
area is summarized in Table 3.3.1. It can be understood that more than 40% of the total study area is
cultivated area. Most of the population is concentrated on the populated area of about 3% of the total
study area.
Table 3.3.1 Land Cover Category in the Study Area

Land Cover Category Area (km2) Percentage of Total Area (%)
Forest 1,875.4 18.0
Brush Land 2,533.9 24.3
Paddy Field 3,972.5 38.1
Cultivated Area
Other Cultivated Area 706.7 6.8
Built-up Area 268.0 2.6
Populated Area
Settlement 70.1 0.7
Swamp 57.1 0.5
Wetland
Fishpond 490.5 4.7
Water Body 149.3 1.4
Others (Natural) 293.5 2.8
Others
Others (Artificial) 17.5 0.2
Total 10,434.4 100.0
3-8
3.4 Water Use
3.4.1 Present Water Use
The Water Code of the Philippines1) together with its IRR2) defines the type of water use as listed in the
following Table 3.4.1.
Table 3.4.1 Definition of Water Use by the Water Code

Type Definition
Domestic Utilization of water directly drawn from a source by a household for drinking, washing, bathing, cooking,
watering of gardens or animals and other domestic uses
Municipal Utilization of water for supplying the water requirements of a community, whether by piped or bulk
distribution for domestic and other uses, direct consumption, the drawer or abstractor of which being the
national government, its subsidiary agencies, local government units, private persons, cooperatives or
corporations.
Irrigation Utilization of water for producing agricultural crops
Power
Utilization of water for producing electrical or mechanical power.
Generation
Fisheries Utilization of water for the propagation and culture of fish as a commercial enterprise or any other
aqua-culture ventures
Livestock
Utilization of water for large herds or flocks of animals raised as a commercial enterprise
Raising
Industrial Utilization of water in factories, industrial plants and mines including the use of water as an ingredient of a
finished product.
Recreation Utilization of water for swimming pools, bath houses, boating, water skiing, golf courses and other similar
facilities in resorts and other places of recreation.
Other
Utilization of water other than above
Purposes
Source: Water Code, 19761) and the Amended Implementing Rules and Regulations, 20052)
Permits for the above water uses in the Philippines have been granted by the NWRB. The granted
water quantity had been just one value for the entire year before 2004, while it can be now either one
value for the entire year or two different values in wet and dry seasons3). The granted water
quantities in the study area are summarized by type of water use and sources, as shown in Table.3.4.2.
The data shown in the table includes the trans-basin water, which is abstracted outside Pampanga river
basin and conveyed to the basin. The location of water use permits for surface water and
groundwater are as shown in Annex-F 3.4.1 and 3.4.2, respectively.
Table 3.4.2 Summary of Granted Water Use Permits in the Study Area
(unit: m3/s)
Volume of Granted Water Use Permit by Water Source
Type of Water Use Surface Water
Surface Water Groundwater Total
(Trans-basin)
Domestic/Municipal 5.398 0.000 3.806 9.204
Municipal by MWSS 28.660 17.576 0.000 46.236
Irrigation by Users other than NIA 30.299 0.000 1.122 31.421
Irrigation by NIA 228.285 55.397 1.426 285.108
Power Generation 103.000 0.000 0.000 103.000
Fisheries 0.010 0.000 0.018 0.028
Livestock 0.000 0.000 0.019 0.019
Industrial 0.116 0.000 1.149 1.265
Recreation 0.000 0.000 0.073 0.073
Other Purposes 0.000 0.000 0.229 0.229
Total excl. Power Generation 292.768 72.973 7.842 373.583
Total 395.768 72.973 7.842 476.583
Source: NWRB
The following could be understood from the above Table 3.4.2:

(1) The granted water quantity for all water uses is estimated at about 477m3/s. Of the total granted
water quantity, that for power generation is 103m3/s, which could be re-used for other purposes at
further downstream portions and not actually consumed. The consumable permitted water
3-9
quantity in the study area could therefore be 374m3/s.
(2) Of the above consumable permitted water quantity, about 20% (73m3/s) is to be supplied from the
water sources out of the study area through the trans-basin transmission system. Such external
water sources for the study area includes: (a) Umiray River for Angat dam reservoir; (b) Aurola
area and Casecnan River for Pantabangan dam reservoir; and Tarlac River for NIS in the province
of Tarlac.
(3) On the other hand, about 46m3/s is granted for MWSS, one of biggest water users which is
responsible for water supply to Metro Manila. Considering the current water supply system by
MWSS, almost all of the granted 46m3/s would be consumed outside the study area, which means
exported water. It could therefore be said that the study area is in import excess state in terms of
the granted consumable water quantity.
(4) Among the consumable permitted water quantity, only 2% (7.8m3/s） is granted for groundwater
sources. The groundwater is currently the main source for domestic/municipal and industrial
water use in the study area.
(5) According to the granted water quantity, there are two big water users related to the study area;
one is NIA for irrigation water use and the other is MWSS for municipal water of Metro Manila.
About 90% of the consumable permitted water quantity is granted to NIA and MWSS.
The volume of actual water use depends on the availability of water, and therefore, the actual water
demand would not necessarily coincide with the above granted water quantity. From this point of
view, the present water demand for some categories of water use has been estimated, as shown in
Table 3.4.3, based on the available information collected in the study.
It should be noted that the category of municipal water demand includes the following types of water
use: domestic, municipal, recreational and other purposes. The commercial and light industrial water
demand, which may be provided by public water providers and may not be granted as industrial
purpose in the water permit issued by NWRB, is also included in the category of the municipal water
demand.
Table 3.4.3 Summary of Estimated Present Water Demand in the Study Area
(unit: m3/s)
Category of Water Demand Type of Water Use defined Estimated Present Water Demand Granted Water
Estimation by Water Code (Annual Average) Quantity
Domestic
Municipal
Municipal 7.429 9.506
Recreation
Other purposes
Municipal by MWSS Municipal 46.236* 46.236
Industrial Industrial 1.265* 1.265
Maximum 241.028
Irrigation Irrigation Average 113.356 316.529
Minimum 22.508
Power Generation Power Generation 103.000* 103.000
Fisheries (Brackish water) Fisheries 17.900 0.000
Fisheries (Fresh water) Fisheries 6.400 0.028
Livestock Livestock 0.290 0.019
Total excl. power generation
174.976 373.583
and fisheries (brackish water)
Total 295.876 476.583
Note: * It is assumed that the present demand is the same as the granted water quantity.
The following items could be noted from the above Table 3.4.3:
(1) The actual water demand for irrigation monthly vary, as shown in Figure 3.4.1, taking the
maximum of about 241m3/s, the minimum of about 23m3/s and theese average of about 113m3/s.
Thus, the granted water quantity is larger than the present peak water demand in a year. This
3-10
excess (“granted water quantity” – “present peak water demand”) may have been reserved for
future development of irrigation area with existing water resources development facilities.
(2) The estimated water demand for fisheries supplied from freshwater is much larger than the
currently granted water quantity.
350
Dry Wet Dry
(m /s) 300
Granted water quantity

3
250
200
Demand
150
100
50
0
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Figure 3.4.1 Monthly Variation of Present Total Irrigation Water Demand

for Entire Study Area
3.4.2 Water Tariff

The water charge is broadly classified into two categories, namely; (1) the water tariff, which the water
public and/or private service provider (hereinafter referred to as WSP) collects from the end users as
their service fees; and (2) the water levy, which the national government imposed to the WSPs for
their usage and/or consumption of surface water and/or groundwater. The water tariff is further
divided into the “Irrigation Service Fee” (herein referred to as “ISF”) and the “Water Tariff for
Municipal Use.”
Of the above water charges, the water levy is described in detail as one of the issues on the legal
arrangement for water management in Chapter 4, while the water tariff is discussed as a matter of
water use in this subsection.
(1) Rate of Irrigation Service Fee
The National Irrigation Authority (NIA) provides the irrigation water supply services as the
WSP including construction, operation and management of the irrigation facilities for the
farmers. NIA sets up the ISF based on a concept such that NIA delivers the right volume of
water at the right time to every farm at least twice a year, and the farmers shall pay ISF for
NIA’s services in the delivery of water to the farms.
The rate of ISF is expressed in terms of production volume of the irrigated paddy but not in
terms of monetary value. Accordingly, the rate varies year by year depending on the price of
rice. Due to this background, the rates of ISF for the principal national irrigation
systems (NISs) in and around the study area are estimated in terms of the monetary value.
As listed in Table 3.4.4, the rates of ISF for NISs except NEPIS and UPRIIS are estimated at
1,500 pesos/ha as of 2008, while those for NEPIS and UPRIIS are 1,000 pesos/ha and
1,750 pesos/ha, respectively.
3-11
Table 3.4.4 Historical Trend of Irrigation Water Charges of NISs
in and around the Study Area
(unit: pesos/ha)
National Irrigation
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Systems
AMRIS 1,222 1,240 1,276 1,286 1,294 1,300 1,500
Porac-Gumain RIS 1,274 1,294 1,288 1,282 1,307 1,236 1,500
NEPIS 900 900 900 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000
TASMORIS 1,113 1,095 1,098 1,152 1,195 1,190 1,500
Pampanga RIS - 1,500 1,349 1,400 1,381 1,377 1,500
TGIS - - - - - - 1,500
UPRIIS-District I - - - - 1,716 - -
UPRIIS-District II - - - - 1,750 - -
UPRIIS-District III - - - - 1,257 - -
UPRIIS-District IV - - - - 1,750 - -
Note -: Lack of data.
Source: NIA
(2) Rate of Water Tariff for Municipal Water Supply Services

There are a variety of the public and private WSPs for municipal water services such as:
(a) Water Districts, (b) Local Government Units, (c) Rural Water Supply Associations,
(d) Barangay Water Service Associations, (e) Subdivisions, (f) Cooperatives, and (g) Private
Water Service Providers.
Of the above WSPs, the Water Districts currently set their water tariff based on the regulation
prepared by the Local Water Utilities Administration (LWUA). Others except LGUs and
MWSS are under the jurisdiction of NWRB and apply the water tariff system prepared by
NWRB. LGUs have their own rate setting guidelines for water supply service called
“Voluntary Regulation”, while MWSS as one of cooperatives undertakes the municipal water
supply services for the whole of Metro Manila setting its own water tariff based on its
particular regulation.
The Water Districts under the jurisdiction of LWUA are the majority of WSPs in the study
area, and their water tariff are summarized in Table 3.4.5 (refer to Annex-T 3.4.1). The
LWUA undertakes the governmental financing to the Water Districts by loan, and the Water
Districts are obligated to pay back the loan with some interest using the source of their water
tariff collected from the end users.
Table 3.4.5 Water Tariff for Municipal Water Service of

Water Districts under the Jurisdiction of LWUA
Basic
Number Service Specific Charge (pesos/m3)
Water
Province of Conn’n Fee
Charge* 11~ 21~ 31~ 41~
Samples (pesos) >51m3
(pesos) 20m3 30m3 40m3 50m3
I. Rate in and around Study Area
Bulacan 22 10,090 173 19 21 24 26 29
N. Ecija 18 3,207 192 20 22 23 25 27
Pampanga 12 9,526 148 16 18 19 21 23
Tarlac 2 11,208 174 19 21 23 25 27
Total 54 7,729 174 19 20 22 25 27
II The National Average Rate as of 2008
- - 167 19 21 23 25 26
Note: *: The minimum rate for water use of less than 10m3.
- : Data is not available.
Source: “Philippine Water Districts Directory”, LWUA
LWUA has reported semi-annual average unit price of water distributed as shown in
Table 3.4.6 (refer to Annex-T 3.4.2). Each WD has been approved by LWUA to decide their
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own prices to the end users with their margins of 10% at maximum in addition to each unit
cost. Therefore, the portion of these margins has already been included in the price.
Table 3.4.6 Average Unit Water Tariff for Municipal Water Supply in Last 10 Years
(Unit: Pesos/m3)
Number
Province of 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Sample
Others 20 12.2 11.7 12.5 13.2 13.4 14.1 15.2 15.9 16.8 16.8
Bulacan Meycauayan
2 n/a n/a 24.7 24.7 24.7 36.9 42.2 42.2 42.2 42.2
and Obando
Nueva Ecija 19 13.9 13.9 13.9 15.5 16.4 17.4 18.2 19.4 20.2 20.3
Pampanga 13 11.2 11.2 12.0 12.0 12.4 13.4 15.6 16.2 16.2 16.7
Tarlac 9 16.3 14.2 13.5 14.5 15.1 16.1 18.0 18.3 18.8 20.7
Remarks: 1) Unit water tariff in the table is for first half of the year.
2) Treated bulk water is provided by MWSI to Meycauayan and Obando WDs.
Source: LWUA Official Web Site Home Page.
In addition to the Water Districts, there also currently exist 38 private WSPs in and around the
study area, which are under jurisdiction of NWRB. Each of these WSPs is given by NWRB a
certification called “Certificate of Public Convenience” (CPC) for being qualified to pursue
the business of water supply services. The WSPs supply water to different areas, and their
water tariff is to be lower than those of the above Water Districts, as listed Table 3.4.7 (refer to
Annex-T 3.4.3).
Table 3.4.7 Water Tariff for Municipal Water Service by Private WSPs
under the Jurisdiction of NWRB
Basic
Number Service Specific Charge (pesos/m3)
Water
Province of Conn’n Fee
Charge 11~ 21~ 31~ 41~
Samples (pesos) >51m3
(pesos) 20m3 30m3 40m3 50m3
Blacan 4 1,279 183 12 18 19 20 21
Pampanga 7 10,041 120 15 13 14 14 15
Tarlac 1 - 85 - 11 12 13 14
Total 12 5,660 144 13 15 16 16 17
Note: *: The minimum rate for the water use of less than 10m3.
- : Data is not available
Source: Annual Report of WSPs submitted to NWRB
(3) Collection Ratio of Water Tariff

Some of the water tariff has a low collection ratio, and a major concern is given to the ISF in
particular. The past trend of collection ratios of ISFs for NIS is as listed below.
Table 3.4.8 Annual Collection Ratio of Irrigation Service Fees for

National Irrigation System
National Irrigation
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Systems
AMRIS 60.2% 51.7% 45.3% 45.4% 47.9% 49.2% 27.3%
Porac-Gumain RIS 38.3% 50.6% 49.3% 71.4% 63.2% 65.3% 71.8%
NEPIS 37.5% 38.1% 21.9% 30.4% 15.5% 19.5% 10.2%
TASMORIS 28.4% 38.1% 35.4% 40.6% 44.3% 37.9% 67.1%
Pampanga RIS - 94.2% 65.4% 72.2% 85.4% 74.8% 59.1%
TGIS - - - - - - -
UPRIIS-District I - - - - 58.5% - -
UPRIIS-District II - - - - 66.9% - -
UPRIIS-District III - - - - 52.1% - -
UPRIIS-District IV - - - - 44.6% - -
Note: - Lack of data.
Source: NIA.
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As listed above, the collection ratio of ISFs varies depending on the irrigation system and the
year. The collection rates as of 2008 are in the range of 10.2% to 67.1%. According to
officials of NIA, the current rate regulation was set in 1975 (35 years ago), and since then, it
has never been revised. The rate systems are generally set to recover operation and
maintenance cost including salaries and wages of staff and laborers. However, even the
salaries and wages are hardly recovered by the water tariff at present.
As compared with the above collection ratios of ISF, those of the water tariff for municipal
water supply service are deemed to be better. The collection ratios by the WSPs for
municipal/industrial water supply service under the jurisdiction of NWRB are in the range of
50% to 90%, and several WSPs could achieve the highest ratio of 90%, as listed in
Table 3.4.9.
Table 3.4.9 Annual Collection Ratio of Water Tariff for

Municipal Water Supply Service
As of December 2007
Province CPS WSP City/Municipality Collection Efficiencies
San Gabriel Santa Maria 60%
Brgy 1, Bulihan Malolos -
Bulacan Brgy Tabe Guiguinto 90%
Zigzag Hills, Malhacan Meycauayan -
- Marilao 61%
Balibago Angeles City 90%
- Mexico 70%
Santo Domingo Angeles City 90%
Pampanga Clarkview/Plaridel Angeles City 90%
Woofland Drive Camenville Angeles City -
Timog Park Angeles City 52%
Santa Lucia Resettlement Magalang 50%
Tarlac Teresa Homes, Brgy Tibag Tarlac City 65%
Note: - Lack of data.
Source: NWRB
The customers for the municipal water supply services are required to pay their water charges
at the beginning of the month for their consumption in the last month, and disconnection of
the water supply service is enforced on customers whose payments are delayed for more than
two months. This penalty is likely to boost the collection ratio of water tariff.
3.5 Water-Related Diseases

The pollution of the surface water as well as the groundwater could cause a variety of contagious
diseases. Those diseases could outbreak through several routes such as (a) drink of and/or contact with
the polluted water, (b) infection by mosquito and other vectors, which breed in and around the water
and (c) infection by parasites (such as schistosome), which inhabit in the water. From these points of
view, the water-related diseases are categorized into the following four (4) groups.
Table 3.5.1 Typical Cases of Water-Related Diseases
Cause of Disease Typical Case of Disease
Drinking of Polluted Water Cholera, Typhoid, Paratyphoid, Hepatitis (Type A and E), Dysentery, Diarrhea*
Contact with Polluted Water Scabies, conjunctivitis, typhus, trachoma
Infection by Vector Malaria, Dengue, Yellow Fever, Filariasis
Infection by Parasite Schistosomiasis
Note *: The diarrhea caused by drinking of polluted water which contains the parasite.
According to the statistics of NSCB, the whole country and Region III recorded water-related diseases
as all-year average from 1995 to 2002, as shown in Table 3.5.2. Among the diseases, Malaria is the
most prevalent in the whole country taking the disease ratio of 83.6 to 100,000 in population, and
Dengue Fever and Typhoid/Paratyphoid follow. On the other hand, the highest disease ratio in
Region III is from Dengue Fever (disease ratio of 12.3 to 100,000) followed by Typhoid/Paratyphoid
3-14
and Malaria. Particular attention is given to Schistosomiasis, which has still rather high disease ratio in
the whole country (12.5 to 100,000) but almost expelled in Region III.
It is herein noted that Diarrhea is more prevalent than Malaria and Dengue Fever in Region III as well
as in the whole country. However, Diarrhea is caused not only by drinking of polluted water but also
by other non-water-related factors such as eating/drinking of too much food, spoiled food, and
poisonous materials. Due to this background, it is virtually difficult to know the diseases rate of
Diarrhea caused by polluted water, and Diarrhea is not counted as part of water-related diseases.
Table 3.5.2 Number of Water-Related Diseases in the Philippines and Region III
(Five-Year Average for 1995 to 1998 and 2002)
Rate to Total Number
Rate per
Area Disease Number of Cases of Water-Related
100,000 Persons
Diseases
Malaria 59,218 57.6% 83.6
Dengue Fever 19,408 18.9% 26.3
Typhoid/Paratyphoid Fever 14,744 14.3% 20.8
Whole Country
Schistosomiasis 8,845 8.6% 12.5
Cholera 565 0.5% 0.8
Total 102,780 100.0% 143.9
Dengue Fever 1,346 52.6% 18.4
Typhoid/Paratyphoid Fever 633 24.8% 9.1
Malaria 542 21.2% 8.2
Region III
Cholera 34 1.3% 0.5
Schistosomiasis 2 0.1% 0.0
Total 2,557 100.0% 36.2
Source: 2006 Compendium of Philippines Environmental Statistics, NSCB
As listed above, the disease ratio of all cases in Region III is far lower than that in the whole country.
Most of the present drinking water in Region III is from the groundwater, and judging from the lower
disease ratio of Typhoid/Paratyphoid Fever in the region than the country average, the groundwater in the
region is currently controlled under the rather good hygienic conditions. Likewise, the lower disease ratio
of Malaria, Dengue Fever and Schistosomiasis in the region reveals that the surface water has not been
seriously deteriorated.
250
200
Rate to 100,000X
Whole Country
150
100
Region III
50
0
1995 1996 1997 1998 2000 2002
Year
Source: 2006 Compendium of Philippines Environmental Statistics
Figure 3.5.1 Temporal Variation of Annual Water-related Disease Ratio
The temporal variation of the annual total number of water-related diseases is as shown in Figure 3.5.1.
The ratio reached to the peak in 1998 and then tends to reduce year by year in the whole country as
well as in Region III. The ratios in 1998 were about 195 to 100,000 in population in the whole country
and 69 to 100,000 in Region III, while they reduced to 94 to 100,000 and 21 to 100,000, respectively
in 2002. Thus, water related hygiene is likely to improve in Region III as well as in the whole country.
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3.6 Indigenous People
In the study area, there are 133,312 Indigenous People (IP) which is composed of five groups of tribes,
as summarized below. The Aeta tribe accounts for 34.2% of the total population of IPs in the study
area, followed by the Ibaloi, Kalanguya and Kankanaey tribes.
Table 3.6.1 Population of Indigenous People in and
around the Study Area as of 2006
(unit: person)
Province Aurora Bulacan Nueva Ecija Pampanga Tarlac Total
Tribe No. % No. % No. % No. % No. % No. %
Aeta 112 0.8 0 0.0 1,032 1.9 18,920 100.0 25,503 66.2 45,567 34.2
Abelling 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 13,032 33.8 13,032 9.8
Dumagat/
5,049 34.4 6,861 100.0 10,701 19.7 0 0.0 0 0.0 22,611 17.0
Remontado
Ibaoloi/
Kalanguya/ 0 0.0 0 0.0 42,585 78.4 0 0.0 0 0.0 42,585 31.9
Kankanaey
Ilongot/
9,517 64.8 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 9,517 7.1
Bugkalot
Total 14,678 100.0 6,861 100.0 54,318 100.0 18,920 100.0 38,535 100.0 133,312 100.0
Note:
Relevant municipalities in Aurora Province: Baler, Casiguran, Dilasag, Dinalungan, Dinagalan, Dipaculao, Maria Aurora, San Luis
Relevant municipalities in Bulacan Province: Doña Remedios de Trinidad, Norzarway and San Jose del Monte
Relevant municipalities in Nueva Ecija Province: Carranglan, Lupao, Pantabangan, Rizal, San Jose City, Science City of Muñoz,
Bongabon, Cabanatuan City, Gabaldon, Laur, Licab, Palayan City, Gen. Tino
Relevant municipalities in Pampanga Province: Angeles, Floridablanca, Mabalacat, Porac, City of San Fernando
Relevant municipalities in Tarlac Province: Bamban, Camiling, Capas, Mayantoc, San Clemente, San Jose, Tarlac City
Source: NCIP Regional Office III
Republic Act No.8371, known as the Indigenous Peoples Rights Act, prescribes the fundamental rights
of indigenous people in the country and describes that the ownership and possession of IPs to their
ancestral domains shall be recognized and protected. Also, the act institutionalized the National
Commission of Indigenous People (NCIP), which is responsible for the formulation and
implementation of policies as well as issuance of Certification of Ancestral Domain/Land
Titles (CADT/CALT). CADT refers to a title recognizing the rights of possession and ownership of
IPs over the identified area, while CALT refers to a title recognizing to the right of utilization of the
identified lands by the members of IPs. There are four (4) CADT/CALTs in and around the study
area, as shown in the following table and in Annex-F 3.6.1.
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Table 3.6.2 Status of AD/AL (Ancestral Land) Delineation and
Titling in and around the Study Area as of March 9, 2010
Claimant
Location Area (ha)
Tribe
A. CADTs/CALTs
A1. Sitio Karahume, Barangay San Isidro, Municipality of San Jose del Monte, Province of Dumagat 1,817.15
Bulacan
A2. Sitios Maugat, Kambubuyugan, Alulod/Calumpit and Tubigan, portion of Barangay Dumagat 19,537.68
Kalawakan, Municipality of DRT, Bulacan
A3. Barangays Capintalan, Minuli, Salazar and Putlan, Municipality of Carranglan, Kalanguya 25,373.10
Province of Nueva Ecija
A4. Barangays Nabuklod and Mawakat, Municipality of Floridablanca, Province of Aeta 5,457.71
Pampanga; portion of Municipality of San Marcelino and portion of Barrangay Batiawan,
Municipality of Subic, all in the Province of Zambales
A5. Barangays Camias, Diaz, Inararo, Villamaria, Sapang Uwak, Porac, Pampanga and Aeta 18,659.73
portion of So. Target, Sapang Bato, Angeles City
A6. Barangays San Nicolas, San Vicente, Anupul (portion) and Calumpang, Municipality Aeta 10,323.308
of Bamban, Province of Tarlac; portion of Barangay Marcos Village, Municipality of
Mabalacat, Province of Pampanga
A7. Barangays Belbel, Burgos, Moraza and Villar, Municipality of Botolan, Zambales Aeta 20,657.89
A8. Barangays Atbu, Bacneng, Balete, Baliling, Bantinan, Baracbac, Canabuan, Imugan, Kalanguya- 30,758.58
Malico, Poblacion, Sta. Rosa, Sinapaoan, Tarlac, Villaflores and Unib, Municipality of Ikalahan
Sta. Fe; Barangays Anayo, Balete, Calitlitan (portion), Canabuan, Canarem,
Ocao-Capiniaan and Yaway, Municipality of Aritao; Sitio Kamaring, Barangay
Cabalatan-Alang, Muncipality of Kayapa; all in the Province of Nueva Vizcaya
A9. Barangays Umiray, Lumutan, Canaway, Sablang, Magsikap, Pagsanghan, Maligaya, Dumagat 144,880.70
San Marcelino and portions of Catablingan, Minahan Norte, Mahabang Lalim, and
Minahan Sur, all in the Municipality of General Nakar, Province of Quezon and portion of
Brgy. Umiray, Municipality of Dingalan, Province of Aurora; portion of Municipality of
Montalban, Province of Rizal; and portions of Municipalities of San Jose del Monte,
Norzagaray and San Rafael, all in the Province of Bulacan
Sub-Total 277,465.85
B. ADs/ALs with the survey* completed
B1. Sitio Mapidya, Rio Chico, Gen. Tino, Nueva Ecija Dumagat 13,883.20
Sub-Total 13,883.20
C. ADs/ALs with the on-going survey
C1. Sos. Baguingan, Kawayan, Flora, Yanca, Bilad, Maragulo, and Tarucan, Capas, Tarlac Aeta 13,723.00
C2. Alfonso Castañeda & Dupax Sur, Nueva Vizcaya Bugkalot 52,995.0
Sub-Total 66,718.00
D. Areas undergoing social preparation
D1. Barangay Kabayunan, DRT, Bulacan Dumagat 60,000.00
D2. Sitio Mabaldog, Barangay Ligaya, Gabaldon, Nueva Ecija Dumagat 7,283.00
Sub-Total 67,283.00
Total 425,350.05
Note*: NCIP is in charge of implementation of the profile survey for the area.
Source: NCIP
3.7 Historical and Religious Sites

In the study area, there is no archeological and/or historical sites designated as World Heritage-listed
area by UNESCO. However, there exist other significant historical sites and landmarks in the study
area as summarized below.
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Table 3.7.1 Historical sites and Landmarks in the Study Area
Province Municipality/City Historical Site/Landmark
Malolos Barasoain Church
Baliuag Baliuag Church
Paombong Paombong Church
Bulacan Plaridel Quingua Church
San Rafael San Rafael Church
Calumpit St.John the Baptist Church
Sub-Total 6 sites
Carranglan Dalton Pass
Cabanatuan McArthur Statue
Cabanatuan Pangatian Shrine
Nueva Ecija Guimba Triala House
Penaranda Church of Peneranda
Gapan Tabacalero of San Isidro
Sub-Total 6 sites
Angeles city Church of Sto. Rosario
Bacolor Church of Bacolor
Pampanga San Fernando Church of San Fernando
Mabalacal Marcos Village
Sub-Total 4 sites
Capas Capas National Shrine
Capas Death March Monument
Tarlac
Tarlac Tarlac Cathedral
Sub-Total 3 sites
Total 19 sites
Source: Manila Bay Area Environmental Atlas, PAWB-DENR, 2007
References in Chapter 3
1) NWRB, Water Code of the Philippines, 1976.
2) NWRB, Water Code of the Philippines and the Amended Implementing Rules and Regulations, 2005.
3) NWRB: Resolution No. 008-0604, June 15, 2004.
3-18
Chapter 4. Present Practices for Water-Related Development and
Conservation in the Study Area
4.1 Water Resource Development Facilities
4.1.1 Existing Large Storage Dams
There exist the two large storage dams in the study area, namely; Angat storage dam and Pantabangan
storage dam. Both of them are accompanied with trans-basin water transfer schemes. The
fundamental features of the existing storage dams are summarized in the following table. The
location maps for Angat storage dam and Pantabangan storage dam with their dimensions are
presented in Annex-F 4.1.1 and 4.1.2, respectively.
Table 4.1.1 Fundamental Features of Existing Storage Dams
Storage Dam Item Description
Completion year*1 September, 1967 (construction started in 1961)
Purpose*1 Municipal, Irrigation water supply, Hydropower, Flood control
Dam type*1 Earth and rock fill dam
Dam height*1 131m
*1,*4 894MCM
Effective storage
(696MCM for Municipal/Irrigation water supply, Hydropower generation)
Angat Drainage area*2 546km2
*1
Re-regulation dam Ipo Dam, Bustos Dam
*1,*2,*3 Umiray-Angat trans-basin (operation started on June, 2000) (A=130km2)
Trans-basin
(Two intakes with catchment area of 31km2 have not yet been completed.)
Self catchment: 1,869MCM/year (observed average in 1968-2007)
Inflow*4 Umiray-Angat trans-basin: 370MCM/year
(observed average in 2001-2003, 2006-2007)
Completion year*5 November, 1973 (release started on February, 1974)
Purpose*5 Irrigation water supply, Hydropower generation, Flood control
Dam type*5 Zoned earth fill dam
Dam height*5 107m
2,775MCM (Total volume:3,000MCM, Dead volume: 225MCM)
Effective storage*5
(1,757MCM for Irrigation water supply, Hydropower generation)
Pantabangan Drainage area*2 937km2 (incl. catchment of Aurola trans-basin and Masiway Dam)
Re-regulation dam*5 Masiway Dam
*2,*5 1) Aurora trans-basin (A=68km2)
Trans-basin
2) Casecnan trans-basin (operation started in December, 2001.) (A=570km2)
Self-catchment & Aurora trans-basin: 1,195MCM/year
Inflow*6 (observed average in 1980-2008)
Casecnan trans-basin: 751MCM/year (observed average in 2002-2008)
Source: *1:NWRB/JICA, Dams in the Philippines1)
*2:GIS data prepared by JICA Study Team
*3:ADB, MWSS: Umiray-Angat Trans-basin study2)
*4:Data provided by NPC; analyzed by JICA Study Team
*5:NIA, Pantabangan Dam, Briefing Kit3)
*6:Data provided by NIA; analyzed by JICA Study Team
4.1.2 Proposed Large Storage Dams

In the previous water resources study4), 5), 6), twenty eight (28) possible large storage dam sites have
been identified in the study area and in the surroundings with possible trans-basin water transfer to the
study area. Among them, the five large storage sites have been further studied in the past and at least
pre-F/S level studies have been completed (Locations are shown in Annex-F 4.1.3). Their fundamental
features are summarized in Table 4.1.2.
4-1
Table 4.1.2 Summary of Features of Proposed Storage Dams
Storage Dam Item Description
Purpose Municipal and Irrigation water supply
Dam type Zoned earth and rock-fill dam
Dam height 110m
Effective storage 144MCM*8 (Total volume: 154MCM, Dead volume: 10MCM)*8
Bayabas*1
Drainage area*6 52km2
Inflow*7 98MCM/year (average in 1958-2007 using simulated runoff)
Water use permit of 3.5m3/s at the proposed dam site was granted to the
Remarks
Provincial Government of Bulacan in November, 2004.
Purpose Municipal and Irrigation water supply
Dam type Zoned earth-fill dam
Dam height 47m
Maasim*1 Effective storage 95MCM (Total volume: 100MCM, Dead volume: 5MCM)
Remarks
Purpose Irrigation water supply and hydropower generation
Dam type Rock-fill dam
Dam height 138m
Effective storage 488MCM (Total volume:572MCM, Dead volume: 84MCM)
Balintingon*2,*3
Drainage area*6 224 km2
The originally planned use for new Balintingon irrigation service area*2.
Remarks
Recently, the possibility of conveyance to AMRIS was re-evaluated*3.
Purpose Irrigation water supply
Dam type Zoned rock-fill dam
Dam height 108m
*4 Effective storage 99MCM (Total volume:110MCM, Dead volume: 11MCM)
Gumain
7
Inflow* 255MCM/year (average in 1958-2007 using simulated runoff)
The study was conducted before Mt. Pinatubo eruption. Re-evaluation may be
Remarks
needed.
Purpose Irrigation and fisheries water supply, Hydropower generation, Flood control
Dam type Rock fill dam
Dam height 114m
Balog-Balog*5 Effective storage 575MCM (Total volume: 625MCM, Dead volume: 50MCM)
7
Remarks -
Source: *1: NIA/NWRB/World Bank: Water Resources Development Project, Draft Final Report, Task 5;
Pre-Feasibility Study for Additional Water Supply to AMRIS, Main Report, 19947)
*2: NIA, Balintingon Reservoir Multipurpose Project, Feasibility Study, Vol. I, Main Report, 19838)
*3: CALENERGY: Balintingon Multipurpose Project, Prefeasibility Study Report, 20069)
*4: NIA/JICA, Feasibility Study Report on the Gumain River Irrigation Project, 198510)
*5: NIA, Balog-Balog Multipurpose Project, Feasibility Study, Main Report, 198011)
*6: GIS data prepared by JICA Study Team
*7: Simulated runoff by JICA Study Team
*8: The original H-V-A curve does not seem to be correct. JICA Study Team prepared H-V-A curve based on
1/50,000 scale topographic map.
4.1.3 Possible Storage Dam Sites for Municipal Water Supply

Clark Development Cooperation (CDC) recently conducted a water resources study12) to look for
future possible water sources. Several sites around the Clark Special Economic Zone were explored
in the study. Among them, the two sites shown in Table 4.1.3 have the possibility for development as
storage dam sites for municipal water supply. According to CDC, feasibility study for these sites will
be conducted soon under the assistance of the World Bank. If development of these dam sites is
judged to be feasible, they could be utilized not only for supplying water to the Clark area but also for
supplying municipal water to Angeles City and/or other adjacent areas.
4-2
Table 4.1.3 Summary of Possible Storage Dam Sites for Municipal Water Supply
Site Item Description
Possible dam height*1 60m
Total storage volume*1 16MCM
Marimla2 Drainage area*2 40km2
3
Remarks
Possible dam height*1 60m
Total storage volume*1 50MCM
Bangat3 Drainage area*2 33km2
3
Remarks
Source: *1: H-V-A curves prepared by CDC, Clark Special Economic Zone Water Resources Study, Final Report, 2000.
*2: GIS data prepared by JICA Study Team
*3: Simulated runoff by JICA Study Team
4.2 Agriculture/Irrigation and Fishery Development

4.2.1 Irrigation
The development strategies for the agriculture sector in the Medium-Term Philippine Development
Plan (MTPDP) 2004-201013) are anchored on two primary goals: (i) expansion of agricultural
production base; and (ii) increase of productivity. Self-sufficiency in rice production is considered, in
particular, as a key component of the agriculture productivity goal. Succeeding the MTPDP 2004-2010
is the Updated Central Luzon Regional Physical Framework Plan (RPFP) 2005-203014), which was
formulated in 2006. The RPFP 2005-2030 gives priority to the development of new irrigation systems
and rehabilitation of existing systems in order to expand the coverage of the agricultural production
area and to increase efficiency.
In accordance with the above policies, the irrigation systems of about 250,000 ha have been developed
in the study area, as listed below.
Table 4.2.1 Type of Irrigation System in the Study Area
Administrative Agency Service Area (Share)
National Irrigation System (NIS)
- River Irrigation System (RIS)
1
- Pump Irrigation System (PIS) Constructed and operated by NIA 177,616 ha* (72 %)
- Groundwater Irrigation System (GIS)
- Small Reservoir Irrigation Project (SRIP)
Communal Irrigation System (CIS)
Constructed by NIA and turned 1
- Communal Irrigation System (CIS)
over to IA 53,884 ha* (22 %)
- Pump Irrigation System (PIS)
Small Scale Irrigation and Water Harvesting
- Diversion Dam (DD)
2
- Small Water Impounding Project (SWIP) BSWM 1,826 ha* (1%)
- Small Farm Reservoir (SFR)
- Shallow Tubewell (STW)
3
Private Irrigation System 12,770 ha* (5 %)
Total 246,096 ha (100 %)
Source : *1; NIA, *2; BSWM, *3; RPFP, 2005-2030 (including out of Study area)
The National Irrigation System (NIS), which has the service area of more than 1,000 ha in general, is
constructed, operated and maintained by NIA. There are eight (8) NISs in the Study area with a total
service area of 178,000 ha including groundwater systems, as shown in Table 4.2.2. Locations and
schematic flow diagrams of the NISs are as shown in Annex-F 4.2.1 and 4.2.2, respectively. Of these
NISs, the Upper Pampanga River Integrated Irrigation System (UPRIIS) is the largest in the study area
and also in the entire country. It has a total service area of 119,000 ha covering the province of
Nueva Ecija and some areas in Bulacan and Tarlac.
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Table 4.2.2 Summary of National Irrigation Systems (NISs) in the Study Area
Name of System Service Area (ha) Water Source
Angat-Maasim RIS (AMRIS) 31,485 Angat R., Massim R.
Porac-Gumain RIS 4,004 Porac R., Gumain R.
Tarlac R., San Miguel R., O’donnel
Tarlac-San Miguel-O'donel RIS (TASMORIS) 5,301
R.
Pampanga Delta RIS (PDRIS) 11,920 Pampanga R.
Upper Pampanga River Integrated Irrigation System (UPRIIS) 119,411 Pampanga R., Talavera R.
Aulo SRIP 810 Aulo R.
Nueva Ecija Pump IS 1,313 Groundwater
Tarlac Groundwater Irrigation System (TGIS) 3,372 Groundwater
Total 177,616
Source: NIA
Communal irrigation systems (CISs), most of which have the service area of less than 1,000 ha, are
constructed and turned over by NIA to organized groups of farmer-beneficiaries called “Irrigators’
Association (IA).” The locations of CISs are shown in Annex-F 4.2.3. The construction costs of CISs
are borne by NIA and later amortized by the beneficiaries after turnover. Some CISs are privately
owned and operated. There are one hundred eighty-six (186) functional CISs with 37,100 ha of service
area. However, ninety-five (95) systems with the total service area of 16,830 ha are non-functional.
There are also various small-scale irrigation systems under the Bureau of Soils and Water
Management (BSWM) of the Department of Agriculture (DA). Locations of small-scale irrigations
are shown in Annex-F 4.2.4. These systems are developed to increase cropping intensity and
production by providing small-scale irrigation and rainwater harvesting infrastructure utilizing small
local catchments or shallow groundwater.
The ongoing and proposed national irrigation projects to be implemented until 2018 are listed in the
NIA-COPLAN, 2009-201815); the Indicative Irrigation Development Program, 2010-201916); and
BSWM as shown in Tables 4.2.3 and 4.2.4, respectively. In addition to the proposed projects in the
NIA COPLAN, the updated Central Luzon Regional Physical Framework Plan (RPFP) further
envisioned development of the Balintingon Multipurpose Project, for which the feasibility study was
made in 1983 and reviewed and updated at the pre-feasibility level in 2006. This project was proposed
to irrigate an additional service area of 14,900 ha and to divert water to the AMRIS area.
Table 4.2.3 Summary of On-going National Irrigation Projects
Province Schedule
Name of Project
Covered Start End
Balog-Balog Multipurpose Project Phase I Tarlac 1999 2011
Rehabilitation of AMRIS Bulacan 2009 2010
Along-along Creek Irrigation Project (In UPRIIS Div-3) Nueva Ecija 2010 2019
Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program, Irrigation Component, Project-II Nationwide 1993 -
Repair, rehabilitation of existing Groundwater Irrigation Systems, Establishment of
Nationwide - -
Groundwater Pump Project
Repair, Rehabilitation, Restoration & Preventive Maintenance of existing National
Nationwide - -
& Communal Irrigation Facilities
Balikatan Sagip Patubig Program (BSPP) Nationwide 2010 - 2019
Repair, Rehabilitation, Restoration & Preventive Maintenance of Existing National
Nationwide 2010 - 2019
& Communal Irrigation Facilities (RRENIS/CIS)
Restoration/Rehabilitation of Existing NIA Assisted Irrigation System
Nationwide 2010 - 2019
(PRE-NIA-AIS)
Participatory Irrigation Development Project (PIDP) Nationwide 2010 - 2019
Rehabilitation of Small Water Impounding Projects / Diversion Dam Nationwide 2009- 2011
Upper Tabuating SRIP Nueva Ecija 2010- 2010-
Source : NIA COPLAN, 2009-2018, NIA: Indicative Irrigation Development Program, 2010-2019 and BSWM
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Table 4.2.4 Summary of Proposed National Irrigation Projects
Province Service Area
Name of Projects Expected Funding
Covered (ha)
Participatory Irrigation Development Project Nationwide 26,791 GAA / IBRD
Procurement of Pumps, Drilling Rigs & Related Equipment Nationwide 3,900 GAA /
Spanish Loan
Balog-balog Multipurpose Project Phase 2 Tarlac 34,410 GAA / ODA
Sector Loan on Rehabilitation of Irrigation Facilities Nationwide GAA / JICA
Casecnan Multipurpose Power & Irrigation Project Nueva Ecija GAA / ODA
61,000
Irrigation Component - Phase II / Bulacan
Irrigation Water Resources Augmentation Pump Nationwide -
2,361
Establishment Project
Appropriate Irrigation Technologies for Enhanced Include. GAA / ODA
4,000
Agricultural Production Regions III
Central Luzon Groundwater Irrigation Systems Reactivation Nueva Ecija -
5,000
Project
Gumain Reservoir Project Pampanga 16,750 -
Source : NIA COPLAN, 2009-2018 and Indicative Irrigation Development Program, 2010-2019
Note : GAA : General Appropriations Act, BRD : International Bank for Reconstruction and Development
The location map of the projected national irrigation projects including the Balintingon project is
shown in Annex-F 4.2.5, and their schematic flow diagrams are shown in Annex-F 4.2.6.
In addition to the above NISs, construction of new or rehabilitation of existing CISs will be
implemented under the nationwide programs, but no concrete development plan for individual CISs is
available at present. The proposed projects to be implemented by BSWM are shown in Table 4.2.5.
Table 4.2.5 Summary of Proposed Small-Scale Irrigations under BSWM
Number Service Area (ha)
Diversion Dam (DD) 18 1959
Small Water Impounding Project (SWIP) 24 1,635
Small Farmers Reservoir (SFR) 4 112
Total 46 2,706
Note: Estimated by the Study Team based on the BSWM database.
4.2.2 Fishery
Fishery activities in the study area consist mainly of inland municipal and commercial fishing and
aquaculture, while marine fishery also prevails in a part of Bulacan and Pampanga as well as
Zambales and Bataan in Central Luzon. Aquaculture has the largest share (92%) of the region’s fish
production, as shown in Table 4.2.6.
Table 4.2.6 Fish Production in 2008 by Province
(unit: ton)
Commercial Municipal Fishery
Provinces Aquaculture Total
Fishery Inland Marine
Bulacan 978 1,261 2,722 46,808 51,769
Nueva Ecija 0 1,783 0 7,022 8,805
Pampanga 0 9,327 2,237 143,917 155,481
Tarlac 0 398 0 6,141 6,538
4 Provinces - Total 978 12,768 4,959 203,889 222,593
(Share) (0.4%) (5.8%) (2.2%) (91.6%) (100%)
Region III Total 8,980 13,243 29,222 223,481 274,926
Country Total 1,226,205 181,678 1,151,309 2,407,698 4,966,889
Source: Bureau of Fisheries & Aquatic Resources
Fishes caught in Pampanga river basin especially in the Pampanga delta are a mixture of freshwater
species and those tolerant of saltwater. Major species such as tilapia and tiger shrimp can tolerate
varying concentrations of saltwater up to the strength of sea water. Major fish culture is aquaculture
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in fishponds, in which the major fishes are Tilapia and Milkfish. Region III, mostly in the Pampanga
delta, is ranked as the highest producer in the country in terms of aquaculture of Tilapia and Milkfish
both in brackish and freshwater in fishponds.
In 1992 after the Mt. Pinatubo eruption, fishery production drastically declined especially in the
province of Pampanga due to the loss and damage of flow channels and fishponds. However,
aquaculture production has remarkably increased especially in the Pampanga delta, while fish harvest
was stable in the other provinces for the last five years.
Most of the fish ponds lie in the Pampanga delta, taking fresh or brackish water directly from the
rivers or creeks. In addition, a certain number of fish ponds are also operated within the service area of
the NIA irrigation systems. NIA does not permit fishery in the canals while fishponds are allowed.
Reportedly, fishpond owners pay double or more for the Irrigation Service Fee (ISF) compared to
paddy farming, through an agreement between NIA and the fishpond owners/farmers. Fishery
operation is about 4 to 8 months and its water requirement is around five times of that for paddy.
4.3 Municipal Water Supply, Sanitation and Sewerage
4.3.1 Municipal Water Supply
Immediately after the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)17) was released through the UNDP
Millennium Summit held in September 2000, the Government of the Philippines had resolved to adopt
the MDGs and tightly integrated them into the Medium-Term Philippine Development Plan (MTPDP)
2004-201013) thus allowing government strategies, policies and action plans to simultaneously address
national and MDG targets.
The MDGs focused on the eight targets, and one of them emphasized the access to safe drinking water
in any water supply service level. In line with this policy, the MDGs for Central Luzon targeted to
increase the population rate which could access safe water drinking and sanitary toilet facilities from
about 79% in 1990 to 90% in 2015.
Recently, the Philippine Water Supply Sector Roadmap18) was been issued by NEDA. The roadmap
describes the framework, vision, goals, strategies and programs needed to achieve the desired
outcomes for the development of the water supply sector. The vision in the Philippine Water Supply
Sector Roadmap is “Access to safe, adequate and sustainable water supply for all,” which targets the
objectively verifiable indicators with 100% access coverage and sustaining utility operation by 2025.
There are four outcomes: (i) Strengthened Institutions in 2025; (ii) Developed Capacities in 2025;
(iii) Strategic Alliances Built in 2025; and (iv) Adequate Infrastructure Provision.
There are three water service levels called Level 3, Level 2 and Level 1 systems in the study area. The
Level 3 system is the piped household connection provided by the Water Districts (WDs), LGUs and
other private water providers. Level 2 and Level 1 are the piped communal faucets and point source
systems, respectively.
The provincial health offices and other relevant agencies have undertaken sample surveys on the
population who could access the water supply service level. The existing water service level ratio for
each city and municipality in the study area was estimated based on the information from the aforesaid
relevant agencies. The estimated ratio of water supply service level by province is summarized in the
following table. The data for each municipality/city are shown in Annex-T 4.3.1, as well as in
Annex-F 4.3.1 and 4.3.2.
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Table 4.3.1 Present Coverage Ratio of the Water Supply Service System in the Study Area
Water Supply Service Level Safe Water Access
Province
Level 3 Level 2 Level 1 Safe Unsafe
Bulacan 57% 0% 43% 89% 11%
Nueva Ecija 34% 6% 60% 85% 15%
Pampanga 45% 5% 50% 76% 24%
Tarlac 32% 0% 68% 80% 20%
Total 45% 3% 52% 83% 17%
Note: Inside the study area only
Source: PHO for Bulacan, Nueva Ecija, Pampanga and Tarlac (arranged by JICA Study Team)
About 45% of the population in the basin has the Level 3 water system while 3% have the Level 2
water system and 52% have the Level 1 water system. The basin average ratio with access to safe
water is 83%. This means that 17% have water supply of any water service level that are not within
the permissible water quality under the Philippine National Standards for drinking water which is also
patterned after the World Health Organization (WHO) standards. The groundwater is the major water
source in the study area. Based on the NSO 2000 census of population and housing19), about 98% are
using groundwater as their water source in the basin. About 2% in the study area have access to
surface water such as small springs and rivers as the point sources for domestic water supply and also
for drinking by boiling the water and/or with the aid of simple household sand filtration systems.
4.3.2 Water Supply Service from the Study Area to MWSS Service Areas
MWSS is providing the municipal water supply for Metro Manila and a part of the provinces of Rizal
and Cavite through its water service providers: Manila Water Company, Inc. (MWCI) and Maynilad
Water Services Inc. (MWSI). MWSS’s service areas are located out of Pampanga river basin, while
their present major water source is the Angat-Umiray system located in the river basin, which stores
the runoff discharge of Angat River and Umiray River.
The allocation of water in the Angat-Umiray system is complicated. The water use permits have
been historically granted to several water users. However, the actual allocation at present is based on
the resolutions issued from time to time. The latest water allocation at upstream of Bustos Dam,
which is the major abstraction point for AMRIS, is as shown in the table below.
Table 4.3.2 Updated Water Allocation in Angat-Umiray System
Water User/ Volume of
Remarks
Purpose of Use Allocated Water
The volume is reduced to 25m /s when the conditionally allocated 15m3/s to
3
NIA 40 m3/s
MWSS is subtracted.
The volume includes 20.1 m3/s from Angat storage dam, 10.9m3/s from Umiray
MWSS 46 m3/s
and 15m3/s from unutilized irrigation water (conditional allocation).
Bulacan The volume includes 1.9 m3/s from Angat storage dam (will be abstracted soon)
5.396 m3/s
Province and 3.496m3/s at proposed Bayabas storage dam site (not yet abstracted).
NPC 58 m3/s The volume is non-consumable.
Environmental The volume is in equivalent to 10% of dependable flow for quasi-natural
1.9 m3/s
Flow condition
Total 151.296 m3/s The consumable volume is limited to 93.296 m3/s
Source: JICA Study Team based on related Water Use Permits, Resolutions, MOUs and MOAs
Figure 4.3.1 shows the granted water use permits and the latest water allocation in Angat-Umiray
system. The relationship between the granted water use permits and the resolutions issued are
sometimes unclear as indicated in the figure.
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MOU (1992) among MWSS, LWUA, Bulacan
Bulacan will receive 2.7m3/s from MWSS
by Umiray-Angat transbasin project..
Bayabas River
By Res016-0806, 1.9m3/s has already
been given to Bulacan, and exchanged
with the MWSS water permit in Angat.
Water Permit
Bulacan Total =3.496 (wet season)
8. Bulacan=3.496(No19363)
Proposed
Bayabas Allocation
Allocation Inter‐basin
storage dam Transfer
1.MWSS=10.9
1. ENV=2
2. NIA=40 Umiray Water Permit
MWSS Total=14.476
Bustos dam Angat storage 5. MWSS=14(No7359)
→ 10.9 (amended by
dam Res016‐0806)
Water Permit 7.MWSS=3.576(No14202)
Water Permit Angat River NPC Total=58
4. NPC=58(No6521)
NIA Total =40 Umiray River
1. NIA=40(No6504) at Bustos
Ipo dam
Allocation Water Permit
MWSS Total =35.1 or 28.66 (???)
1.MWSS=35.1 2.MWSS=9.494 (No6508) at Angat dam
2. Bulacan=1.9 3.MWSS=4.166 (No6509) at Ipo dam
6.MWSS=15 (No11462) at Angat dam
→ MWSS=20.1 +15 (conditional)
(by Res016‐0806: amend to Res02‐0389 which confirms allocation of 22m3/s to MWSS
Based on Water Permit (No.11462), 15m3/s is granted based on the MOU in 1962 between NAPCOR and MWSS. There exists no official document to
to MWSS with no conditional restriction. clarify if the Res02‐0389 to determine the allocation of 22m3/s without water permit is the
However, the resolutions (Res03-0188amend and 016-0806) amendment to the water permits of No.6508 and 6509 or not. )
states that the 15m3/s is conditionally allocated to MWSS Bulacan Total =1.9
only when AMRIS does not use it. 9. Bulacan=1.9(No20950) at Angat dam
Source: JICA Study Team based on related Water Use Permits, Resolutions, MOUs and MOAs
Figure 4.3.1 Water Use Permits and Water Allocation in Angat-Umiray System
The supply of 46m3/s from Angat-Umiray system has been frequently unstable. There is water use
conflict between the MWSS and NIA in Angat-Umiray system due to limited supply. Both MWSS
and NIA have agreed to seek the additional water sources to stabilize the water supply from
Angat-Umiray system. According to MWSS20), the following water sources are under investigation.
 Proposed Balintingon storage dam in Balintingon multi-purpose project and conveyance to
AMRIS area: Pre-F/S completed in 2006
 Direct abstraction of surface water of Pampanga River at around Apalit and conveyance by
pumps to AMRIS area: Under investigation
 Candaba River: (Details unknown)
In addition to the above potential water sources, NIA, NWRB and the World Bank had proposed
Bayabas and Maasim storage dams, which are located near the Angat dam site to supplement the water
supply capacity of Angat-Umiray system in 1994. The additional water source for the Angat-Umiray
system could be conceived further through the ongoing rehabilitation works of the existing damaged
diversion tunnel for the Umiray-Angat trans-basin system and the construction of two additional
diversion intakes, which could result in about 20% increase from the current inflow.
The above supplementary water supply sources are the utmost efforts to guarantee the present water
supply of 46m3/s allocated to the Angat-Umiray system, and it would be virtually difficult to secure
further water allocation of more than 46m3/s for the existing MWSS service area. From this
viewpoint, MWSS had projected several new water sources, almost all of which are located out of the
study area except the Sumag diversion project, to utilize the remaining intakes on Umiray River to
meet the incremental domestic water demand in Metro Manila and other MWSS’s service areas.
Considering the current unstable water supply condition in the Angat-Umiray system, the water
requirement of MWSS from the system should not exceed 46m3/s even after the completion of the
Sumag project.
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In addition to the above water resource development plan, MWSS projects to expand its services area
to the province of Bulacan. A part of the coastal area of Bulacan currently suffers from saline water
intrusion to the groundwater and lowering of the groundwater level, which causes difficulties in using
the groundwater as the source of drinking water. To cope with this problem, MWSS has agreed with
the Provincial Government of Bulacan to supply bulk water to the existing water districts. The
project would deliver the treated bulk water of 2.7m3/s to the priority cities and municipalities of
Bulacan. Based on the data provided by MWSS19), the objective cities/municipalities for the bulk
water supply project are as shown in the table below.
Table 4.3.3 Objective Service Area of Bulacan Bulk Water Supply Project
Classification Objective Area
 San Jose Del Monte (Raw water of 50MLD is currently supplied from MWSS.)
Out of the Study Area  Meycauayan, Marilao and Obando (Areas supplied with treated water under MWSI)
 Balagtas and Bocaue (Other areas to be served)
Within the Study Area  Sta.Maria, Guiguito, Malolos, Bulacan, Calumpit (Other areas to be served)
Source: MWSS
The water source of the treated 2.7m3/s bulk water is not yet known. However, according to NWRB
Resolution No. 015-0816 issued on August 18, 2006, 1.9m3/s out of the 2.7m3/s allocated to Bulacan
Province is to be sourced from the Angat-Umiray system. The newly developed water source at the
Sumag Intake could be utilized for the remaining 0.8m3/s, based on the Memorandum of
Understanding (MOU) among MWSS, LWUA and the Bulacan Provincial Government in 1992.
4.3.3 Sanitation
There are two types of toilet, namely; (i) the sanitary toilets in the form of flush toilet with septic tank;
and (ii) the unsanitary toilet without septic tanks which dispose human waste without passing through
the septic tank so that leachate percolates directly into the ground or water bodies. The existing
sanitary condition for each city and municipality in the study area were evaluated based on the
environmental report from the PHO.
The estimated ratio of population with sanitary toilet is presented in Table 4.3.4 (refer to
Annex-T 4.3.2 and Annex-F 4.3.3 for details). Unsanitary toilets have a significant impact on the
water quality issue. As shown in Table 4.3.4, a part of the ratio component of unsafe water is
complemented by the ratio of unsanitary toilet.
Table 4.3.4 Safe Water Ratio Relative to Sanitation Facilities
2008 Safe Water Ratio 2008 Sanitation Facilities
Province
Safe Unsafe Sanitary Unsanitary
Bulacan 89% 11% 91% 9%
Nueva Ecija 85% 15% 86% 14%
Pampanga 76% 24% 88% 12%
Tarlac 80% 20% 85% 15%
Total 83% 17% 88% 12%
Source: PHOs, JICA Study Team
4.3.4 Sewerage
In addition to the above MDGs, the Clean Water Act was enacted in 200421), and its Section 8 titled
“Domestic Sewage Collection, Treatment and Disposal” prescribed the following requirements:
 Within five (5) years following the affectivity of this Act, the agencies, which vests in the
entities to provide water supply and sewerage facilities and/or concessionaires in Metro Manila
and other highly urbanized cities, shall connect the existing sewage lines in all subdivisions,
condominiums, commercial centers, hotels, sports and recreational facilities, hospitals, market
places, public buildings, industrial complexes and other similar establishments including
households to available sewerage system. This connection works shall be made through
coordination with the LGUs.
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 The said connection shall be subject to sewerage services charge/fee in accordance with existing
rules or regulations unless the sources had already utilized their own sewerage system.
 All sources of sewage and wastewater shall comply with the requirements herein. In the areas
not considered as highly urbanized centers (HUCs), the DPWH in coordination with the
Department of Health (DOH) and other concerned agencies shall employ the septic tank or the
combined sewerage-septic management system.
The sewerage system located in the Clark Special Economic Zone (CSEZ) in Mabalacat Municipality,
Province of Pampanga, is the sole existing complete system in the study area. The sewerage system
has two separate subsystems for storm drainage and sewage. Presently, sewage effluent is treated at the
biological wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) with the capacity of 8,023m3/day catering to the
effluent of about 16,280 population and receiving the effluent from a number of industrial, commercial
and institutional houses/buildings within the CSEZ. The Clark Water Corporation (CWC) is the main
service provider for both water supply and sewerage systems. CWC is charging sewerage tariff at 40%
of the domestic water bill. The present WWTP is proposed to be expanded by year 2010 to cater the
effluent of 13,500 m3/d and by 2012 to 33,000 m3/d.
In the province of Nueva Ecija, Cabanatuan City had carried out a complete feasibility study and
engineering design for the construction of the urban sewerage, sanitation and drainage system to serve
about 33,200 people. The designed combination of drainage-sewerage system is composed of
drainage/sewer lines, lift stations, and wastewater treatment plant with a capacity of 6,630 m3/d dry
weather flows for STP 1 and 1,541 m3/d dry weather flows for STP 2. The proposed biological
treatment plant includes anaerobic lagoon and chemical disinfection. At present, the combined
drainage and sewer lines are already constructed but the WWTP has not been done yet due to lack of
funds.
The rest of the municipalities and cities in the study area have no sewerage system and the effluent is
discharge directly into the nearest stream. It has been reported that the present sludge disposal system
was unmonitored and most of the desludgers are disposing untreated sludge anywhere such as open
dumpsites and rivers.
4.4 Hydropower Generation
4.4.1 Overview
The total peak power demand in the Philippines had reached 8,993MW in 2007, while the present total
installed capacity is 15,937MW. Thus, the present installed capacity is apparently adequate for the
peak power demand. However, about 50% of the installed capacity rely on oil and coal energy, most
of which is supplied through importation. Accordingly, the energy self-sufficiency for power
generation is hardly achieved. In order to improve the power supply states in the Philippines,
Department of Energy (DOE) set the following two targets: (i) to reach the energy self-sufficiency
level of 60% by 2010; and (ii) to introduce competitive and reasonable processes for power
generation.
The Luzon Grid, where the study area is located, has the installed capacity of 12,172MW, which
corresponds to about 73% of the country total. Of the said installed capacity, about 2,210MW or 18%
is by the hydropower plant. To achieve the target of energy self-sufficiency, DOE presumes the
necessity to increase the cumulative installed capacity by hydropower in the Luzon Grid from
2,210MW in 2005 to 2,510MW by the year 2014.
4.4.2 Existing Hydropower Plants
There currently exits three hydropower plants in the study area (refer to Annex-F 4.4.1), namely;
(i) Angat hydropower plant with an installed capacity of 246MW, which is placed at Angat storage
dam; (ii) Pantabangan-Massiway hydropower plant with an installed capacity of 112MW placed at the
downstreams of Pantabangan Dam and Massiway Dam; and (iii) Casecnan with an installed capacity
of 160MW placed at the outlet of the Casecnan trans-basin tunnel connecting with Pantabangan dam
reservoir. The total installed capacity of these three hydropower plants is 458MW, which is about 20%
of the total installed capacity by hydropower plants in the Luzon Grid.
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Of the said existing three hydropower plants, the Angat hydropower plant is the most important to
contribute to the peak power demand in Metro Manila, in particular, because the plant is located near
the demand area and possesses the largest installed capacity. In the Luzon Grid, peak demand
usually occurs during day time, and the Angat hydropower plant tends to release a large volume of the
discharge during daytime and little during night time in the summer season, in particular, to cover the
peak power demand. Such peak power generation requires a large fluctuation of discharges released
from the dam reservoir throughout the day. Bustos Dam is located downstream of Angat storage dam,
functioning as the after-bay to re-regulate the discharge released from Angat storage dam and supply a
constant discharge to the irrigation area of AMRIS. Due to the large fluctuation of the discharge
released from Angat storage dam, however, difficulties in re-regulating the discharge often occur,
which leads to the difficulties in supplying the water to AMRIS from Bustos Dam.
4.4.3 Proposed Hydropower Plants
There are proposed installations of hydropower plant in the following proposed multipurpose water
resources development projects:
 Balintingon Reservoir Multipurpose Project: Installed Capacity = 30MW; Expected Generated
Power = 119.6GWh/year
 Balog-Balog Multipurpose Project: Installed Capacity = 43.5MW; Expected Generated Power =
103.12GWh/year
After completion of the projects, it is expected that the installed capacity of 73.5MW will be added to
the Luzon Grid.
4.5 Mitigation for Flood and Sediment Disasters
4.5.1 Existing Works
The major structures for flood and sediment disaster prevention in the study area are as listed in
Table 4.5.1 (refer to Annex-F 4.5.1).
Table 4.5.1 Completed Major Structural Flood Mitigation Projects
River Implementation Project Cost
Principal Project Contents Purpose*
System Period (billion pesos)
Arnedo Dike FC 1940s Unknown
Arayat-Aparit-Masantol Setback Levee on Right Bank FC 1970s Unknown
Arayat–Cabiao Ring Levee FC 1970s Unknown
Pampanga Candaba Floodway FC 1970s Unknown
Cabiao-San Isidro–Gapan Levee FC 1970s Unknown
Bebe-San Esteban Diversion Channel FC 1970s Unknown
Pampanga Delta Development Project (PDDP), Phase I FC 1990s-2000s 2.90
Rio Chico River Control FC 1970s Unknown
Rio Chico
PHUMP-Phase I (for Sacobia-Bamban River) FC/SB 1990s 3.50
Hagonoy-Calumpit-Plaridel-Bustos Levee on Left Bank FC 1970s Unknown
Angat Labangan Floodway FC 1970s to 1980s Unknown
Abacan River Improvement FC 1970s to 1980s Unknown
Mega-Dike and Transverse Dike on Pasig-Potrero River FC/SB 1990s 0.90
Porac PHUMP-Phase II (for Pasig-Potrero River and San
FC/SB 2000s 4.55
Fernando River)
Note: * FC = Flood Control; SB = Sabo Works
** Aside from the projects listed above, a variety of channel maintenance and rehabilitation projects have been
undertaken in Pampanga River Basin.
Source: F/S and Project Implementation Phase I of PPDP22), and Data furnished from DPWH Region III
Most of the existing flood mitigation structures were founded in the 1970’s. The Pantabangan
storage dam was constructed in the upper reaches of Pampanga river basin in 1973 with the flood
control capacity of 330MCM. Immediately after the dam construction, several levees/river dikes
were constructed along the Pampanga mainstream. Of these levees/dikes, the Arayat-Apalit-Masantol
Setback Levee has the longest length of 40km. However, the levees protect only the right bank of
Pampanga River against flood, and more serious flood overflow tends to rush into the left bank area
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where Candaba Municipality covering the Candaba Swamp and the other two municipalities of
San Luis and San Simon are located. Moreover, the other river dikes/levees aim mainly at preventing
river bank erosion and/or fixing the river alignment and hardly contribute to the increment of river
channel flow capacity. As a result, most of the downstream and midstream sections of Pampanga
River have small channel flow capacities, which could not cope with even the probable flood runoff
discharge of 5-year return period.
In order to increase such small channel flow capacity, the Pampanga Delta Development
Project (PDDP) was launched in 1982 and the PDDP Phase I was implemented in 1992 to 2002. The
Project was completed at a reduced scale due to the budgetary constraints and difficulty of land
acquisition of the Philippine government. The target river channel improvement length was 14.2km
while the completed length was only 13.9km. Further work on the PDDP is being held as a plan
examined.
Sediment prevention works had been also installed in the eastern area of Mt. Pinatubo in the 1990’s
and 2000’s to cope with the large volume of sediment runoff caused by the eruption of Mt. Pinatubo.
Among others, the major projects for sediment prevention and management are: (i) the Pinatubo
Hazard Urgent Mitigation Project (PHUMP), Phase I for Sacobia-Bamban River (a tributary of
Pampanga River); (ii) the Construction of Mega Dike and Transverse Dike for Pasig-Potrero River (a
tributary of Pasac River); and (iii) the PHUMP Phase II for Pasig-Potrero River and San Fernando
River.
In addition to the above structural approaches, the non-structural approaches by flood forecasting and
warning system had been also adopted in the study area. Among others, the existing flood
forecasting and warning systems are: (1) the basin-wide flood forecasting and warning system for
Pampanga completed in 1981 (refer to Annex-F 4.5.2); (2) the flood forecasting and warning system
for effective reservoir operation of Pantabangan and Angat storage dams established in 1994; and
(3) the community-based flood forecasting and warning system for Bulacan Province established in
2005.
4.5.2 Ongoing and Proposed Works
The ongoing and proposed structural works for flood and sediment disaster prevention and
management are as listed below (refer to Annex-F 4.5.3).
Table 4.5.2 Ongoing and Proposed Major Structural Flood Mitigation Projects
Project
Families
Name and Status of Target Cost
Status Principal Purpose of Project to be
Project River Basin (billion
Relocated
pesos)
Ongoing
PHUMP Phase III *1 Pasac Flood mitigation for Pasac Delta 40 to 80 4.70
(2005-2010)
Flood mitigation for San Fernando
PHUMP Phase IV *2 Pasac Proposed 100 3.30
River and its connecting channels
Flood mitigation for Pampanga
PDDP FC Phase II *3 Pampanga Proposed 6,700 8.80
Delta
Flood Mitigation for South Candaba
PDDP FC Phase III *3 Pampanga Proposed Unknown Unknown
Swamp area
Maintenance/
Proposed River channel maintenance and
Rehabilitation Works Pampanga Nil 0.20
*4 (2008-2014) rehabilitation
Source: *1: Pinatubo Hazard Urgent Mitigation Project, Phase II: Monitoring and Planning of Flood Control Works on
the Pasac Delta (including Porac-Gumain River) and Third River Channel, 2002
*2: Pampanga Delta Development Project (Flood Control Component, Review Study for Phase 2, 2003
*3: Feasibility Report on the Pampanga Delta Development Project, 1982
*4: DPWH Region III
The above structural works are broadly classified into the following three groups: (i) Pinatubo Hazard
Urgent Mitigation Project (PHUMP), Phase III and Phase IV, which aim at coping with the flood and
sediment disasters in the eastern area of Mt. Pinatubo; (ii) Pampanga Delta Development
Project (PDDP), Phase II and Phase III, which aim at coping with the frequent flood overflow of
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Pampanga River; and (iii) the maintenance and rehabilitation works for the existing flood and
sediment prevention and management structures. It should be noted herein that the proposed
PDDP Phases II and III have been indefinitely differed as mentioned above.
In addition to the above structural works, there are two principal non-structural works for flood and
sediment disaster prevention and management, which are now in progress or proposed in the study
area. One is the ongoing project for upgrading of the aforesaid flood forecasting and warning system
in Pampanga river basin and for dam reservoir operation of the Angat and Pantabangan storage dams
(refer to Annex-F 4.5.2). The other one is the PHUMP Phase III, Part 2, which is proposed as a
continuation of the said PHUMP Phase III to mitigate flood and sediment runoff in Porac river basin.
This project includes several sub-project components such as those for watershed management, land
use management, flood management by FFW, and institutional management.
4.6 Watershed Management
The community-based forest management (CBFM) was formulated in 1995 by virtue of Executive
Order (EO) 263, and eventually adopted as the national strategy to ensure the sustainable development
of the country’s forest resources pursuant to EO 318 of 2004. The CBFM takes the principles of
social equity, sustainability and community participation in forest management and biodiversity
conservation. CBFM now integrates and unifies all people-oriented forestry programs. It is currently
envisioned that 9 million ha of forestland, i.e., 30% of the country’s total land area, will be placed
under the CBFM by 2020.
The CBFM strategy led to the streamlining of the Revised Philippine Master Plan for Forestry
Development (PMPFD) in 2003 and the formulation of the Green Philippines Program (GPP) in 2006.
The PMPFD aims to reconcile forestry objectives with those for land, water resources, indigenous
peoples and local environmental governance. The GPP, on the other hand, focuses on collaborative
partnerships with the private sector in order to generate sufficient funding and support towards rapid
reforestation and reversal of further loss of forest cover. The GPP targets the greening of four (4)
thematic areas, namely; (i) protected areas; (ii) mangrove and coastal areas; (iii) agro-forestry; and
(iv) urban parks, green campuses and subdivisions.
Consistent with the framework of PMPFD and GPP, DENR Region III and its field offices, namely;
the Forest Management Service (FMS), the Protected Area, Wildlife and Coastal Management
Division (PAWCZMD), the provincial ENR offices and their respective community ENR offices,
implement the watershed management projects in the basin. The DENR works closely with other
government agencies such as NIA, NPC and LGUs and coordinates private sector participation in
forestry development and conservation initiatives.
The ongoing watershed management programs and projects by the above agencies are as described in
Table 4.6.1.
Table 4.6.1 (1/3) Ongoing Watershed Management Programs and Projects
Programs/Projects Contents
Forest Protection and The program is a regular undertaking of DENR Region III through the respective
Law Enforcement provincial/community ENR offices. It involves protection of about 1,984km2 of untenured
Program (FPLEP) forestlands through surveillance, apprehension, and initiation of legal proceedings against
perpetrators of illegal forest activities. Other activities in coordination with other agencies such as
NIA, NPC and concerned LGUs are fire management through multi-sector forest protection
councils, vulnerability assessment/geo-hazard mapping, capacity building, and IEC.
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Community-Based The CBFM program grants tenurial authority to organized communities to manage, develop,
Forest Management protect and utilize forest resources, subject to the issuance of CBFM Agreement for 25 years,
(CBFM) Program renewable for another 25 years. The Program is being implemented by the DENR-FMS-Regional
CBFM Office. The activities under the program include forest plantation development,
agro-forestry, forest protection and maintenance and livelihood development.
The livelihood component is anchored on agro-forestry, which provides additional income
sources from fruit-bearing trees, seedling production, cash crops (such as vegetables, ginger,
coffee, pineapple and cassava), livestock, poultry, freshwater fish culture, etc.
- Area under CBFM tenure (1999-2008): 18,150 ha of production forests in Pampanga, Bulacan
and Nueva Ecija
- Area planted: 418 ha (2.3%) timber plantations and 892 ha (4.9%) agro-forestry.
- Beneficiaries: 40 people’s organizations (POs); 3,020 households
- Annual budget (2008): Php 6.55M for Region III.
Integrated The IAFD program is a special CBFM program for upland agrarian reform beneficiaries under the
Agro-forestry Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program (CARP). It is being undertaken by the DENR through a
Development Memorandum of Understanding with the Department of Agrarian Reform (DAR). The component
Program (IAFDP) activities include agro-forestry, forest protection and maintenance, livelihood development,
organizational development and stakeholder capability building.
- Tenured area (2007-2008): 1,297 ha in Nueva Ecija and Bulacan.
- Actual area planted (2008): 520 ha
- Beneficiaries: 2 POs; 79 households
Coastal Resources The DENR’s Protected Area, Wildlife and Coastal Zone Management Services-Coastal and
Management Marine Management Division (PAWCZMS-CMMD) reforests logged over mangrove areas and
Program (CRMP) protects old-growth mangrove forests within the coasts of Bulacan and Pampanga. The program
supports the initiative of the Manila Bay Coastal Strategy to conserve critical marine habitats and
biodiversity. Other activities involve coastal resource assessment, mapping, and database
development; formulation of Coastal Zone and Sea Use plans; establishment of coastal and marine
sanctuaries; monitoring, law enforcement and policy support; capacity development and IEC.
- Actual accomplishment (2004-2008): 85 ha of new mangrove forests established; 170 ha of
old-growth mangrove forests maintained and protected
Protected Area The program is being undertaken by the RCBFMO. It covers the protected areas and ancestral
Community-based domains of indigenous communities. The main strategy is CBFM with timber establishment and
Forest Management agro-forestry, which is expected to provide alternative sources of income to upland communities,
Program especially the IP communities.
(PACBRMP) - Tenured area (2008): 50 ha of ancestral domain claims in Mt. Arayat, Pampanga
- Beneficiaries: One PO; 107 household-members.
Private Forest Private forest plantation development is covered by various forms of forest lease contracts and
Plantation management agreements with private companies or individuals, such as IFMA, SIFMA, AFFLA,
Development PFDA, TFLA and FLGMA. The concessionaires plant commercial species of timber and derive
Program (PFPDP) their income from harvested tree stands. The DENR-Forest Resource Development
Division (FRDD) regulates the volume of timber extraction in accordance with the annual
allowable cut (ACC) specified in the lease agreement.
- Tenured area (1982-2008): 15,539 ha of production forests in Nueva Ecija, Pampanga, Bulacan
and Tarlac
- Area Planted (as of 2008): 2,917 ha (19%)
NIA-UPRIIS’s The NIA-UPRIIS co-manages with the DENR and organized POs and cooperatives the 10,356 ha
Watershed of Pantabangan-Carranglan Watershed forest Reserve (WFR). The activities include maintenance
Management of established timber plantations and agro-forests as well as protection (patrolling, surveillance,
Program monitoring, fire management), road grading, infra support, stakeholder capability building, and
sustenance of livelihood projects. The Inter-agency Task Force composed of NIA, NPC, DENR,
concerned LGUs and representatives of the Protected Area Management Board (PAMB) was
created in 2008 to craft a comprehensive Forest Land Use Plan (FLUP) with technical assistance
from EcoGov, a national environmental NGO.
In 2009, the NIA-UPRIIS started to rehabilitate and reforest an initial 100 ha of
Pantabangan-Masiway watersheds jointly with the Energy Development Corporation, a private
power company that now operates Masiway Dam for hydroelectric power generation. Under this
joint management arrangement, EDC provides funds and technical assistance in the propagation
and use of indigenous species to reforest the denuded areas surrounding the dam. The NIA helps
create additional income sources by hiring locals for nursery seedling production, contract
reforestation and agro-forestry establishment.
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NPC’S Watershed The NPC manages the watersheds that support two hydro-electric dams in the basin, namely;
Management Pantabangan and Angat WFRs. This is undertaken through the respective Watershed Action
Program Teams (WAT). The activities are financed out of the environmental charges collected from power
consumers. NPC’s programs are anchored primarily on forest protection involving patrolling,
surveillance and apprehension of violations in partnership with organized community volunteers.
In Angat WFR, the NPC maintains the strong support of the Armed Forces of the Philippines
military contingent. To strengthen protection, the AWAT plans include resettlement and livelihood
development such as rattan production, inland fishery and honey bee culture. The AWAT also
conducts research and development for the conservation of biodiversity, specifically under the
Philippine Eagle Conservation Project in partnership with the UPLB and the Philippine Eagle
Foundation.
In the Pantabangan-Carranglan area, the PWAT is an active member of the Inter-Agency Task
Force together with NIA, DENR, LGUs and the Protected Area Management Board (PAMB). The
major challenges for PWAT include the management of forest fires, which are rampant in the
Pantabangan-Carranglan area, and protection against illegal activities such as timber poaching,
charcoal making and “kaingin” farming. PWAT partners with universities and colleges to
implement livelihood programs for forest occupants, such as handicraft making, mushroom
growing, honey bee culture and charcoal briquette production.
- Area Planted (as of 2008): 90 ha of Pantabangan-Carranglan WFR; 130 ha of Angat WFR
Integrated Social The implementation of ISF projects has been devolved to LGUs by virtue of RA 9160 or the Local
Forestry (ISF) Government Code of 1991. Through the program, the province of Nueva Ecjia plans to
Projects rehabilitate 200 ha of ISF areas within the Carranglan watershed. Tarlac plans to rehabilitate
500 ha of ISF areas in O’Donnell watershed, which is expected to be funded out of the
country-wide development fund.
- Tenured Area under ISF (as of 2008): 12,942 ha
- Actual Area Planted (as of 2008): 100 ha in Talavera and Aulo-Cabo Watersheds
- Number of Beneficiaries: 5,590 households
Private Sector As part of their corporate social responsibility commitment, the private sector partners with the
Watershed DENR in reforestation activities through the “Adopt-a-Watershed Program.” Among active
Management partners in the basin are: (1) Water Districts in watersheds supporting domestic water supply
Initiatives sources; (2) Clark Development Corporation (CDC) and Subic-Clark Alliance for Development
(SCAD) in Tarlac-O’Donnell Watershed in line with the future domestic water supply projects for
Clark SEZ; (3) Holcim Cement in Angat-Maasim watersheds; (4) Manila Water Corp. and
Maynilad Water Services in the Angat watershed areas in order to sustain the domestic water
supply of Metro Manila; and (5) various NGOs in support of the “Trees for Life” program in the
basin.
Pampanga River The PRBRP is a special project undertaken in Pampanga, N. Ecija, Bulacan and Tarlac by the
Basin Rehabilitation DENR-Forest Resource Conservation Division (FRCD) III from 2004 to 2008 in response to flood
Project (PRBRP) events in the basin. The objective of the Plan is to double the forest cover of Pampanga river basin
from 24% to 48%. The PRBP utilized the CBFM beneficiaries who were contracted to undertake
the reforestation and maintenance activities. It was temporarily shelved in 2009 due to budget
constraints. In 2010-2012, the project will resume completing the maintenance and protection
works involving a backlog of 500 ha newly established tree plantations.
- Target area: 67,700 ha
- Actual area planted (as of 2008): 10,075 ha newly planted; 5,766 ha maintained and protected
- Beneficiaries: 62 POs
Forestland The FMP is a 10-year JICA-assisted project in the pipeline and targeted for implementation in
Management Project 2011. It covers three critical river basins in the country, namely; Upper Magat-Cagayan River
(FMP) Basin in Region II, Jalaur River Basin in Iloilo and Upper Pampanga River Basin. The project
components include: (i) physical survey and mapping and socioeconomic baseline profiling;
(ii) PO formation and CBFMA acquisition; (iii) PO capacity building; (iv) forest tree plantation,
silvi-pasture and agro-forestry with bio-fuel and soil conservation measures; (v) infrastructure
support such as farm-to-market roads, bridges, and pipeline irrigation system for agro-forestry;
(vi) policy initiative (including establishment of cost-sharing mechanism and payment for
environmental services); and (vii) monitoring and evaluation.
- Target area (Upper PRB): 44,600 ha
- Target reforestation/agro-forestry area: 14,133 ha
- Estimated project cost: Php 998 million as of 2009
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4.7 Water-Related Environment Management
The protection of water-related environment is laid down in the following national and regional
imperatives:
 Maintaining good public health, ecological integrity and economic viability as embodied in the
Philippine Agenda 21, the country’s blueprint for sustainable development.
 Enhancing water quality management, environmental compliance, solid waste management and
pollution control, according to the DENR-EMB’s priority thrusts and consistent with the
mandates of the Clean Water Act (RA 9275), the Philippine EIS System (PD 1586), and the
Ecological Solid Waste Management Act (RA 9003).
 Restoring the ecological integrity of Manila Bay in accordance with the Operational Plan for the
Manila Bay Coastal Strategy (OPMBCS).
The Supreme Court in 2008 issued a continuing mandamus for the urgent cleanup of Manila Bay
based on the OPMBCS. Specifically, the mandamus calls for a concerted effort among government
agencies to: (i) reduce by 50% the water pollution discharges from all sources by 2015; (ii) implement
integrated solid waste management programs in all LGUs by 2007; (iii) achieve ecologically sound
and sustainable aquaculture fisheries production by 2015; and (iv) protect aquifers from contamination
and saltwater intrusion by increasing the coverage of water supply distribution by 50% by 2015.
The DENR-Environment Management Bureau (EMB) III spearheads the initiatives and programs
meant to improve and safeguard water quality in the region. These programs are implemented in
partnership with other public agencies, private businesses, academe, civil society groups, the LGUs
and international development institutions.
The ongoing Capacity Development Project on Water Quality Management funded by JICA is meant
to strengthen the capabilities of the DENR-EMB national and regional offices to implement priority
actions mandated under the Clean Water Act. It also aims to strengthen capacity of the WQMA
governing boards, industries, commercial entities, LGUs, and other stakeholders for achieving the
water quality goals identified in the WQMA action plans. The Project began in 2007 and is now in its
second phase. Under this project, the Marilao-Meycauayan-Obando river system in Bulacan was
selected as the pilot area for designating WQMA and formulating the WQMA Action Plan for
Region III. This pilot WQMA will serve as a model for designating WQMAs and formulating and
implementing corresponding action plans in Pampanga river basin and in other river systems within
the region.
The ongoing programs and projects on water-related environmental management in the basin are
described in Table 4.7.1.
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Table 4.7.1 Ongoing Water-Related Environment Management Programs and Projects
Name of
Contents
Programs/Projects
Ecological Solid The LGUs implement respective 10-year ESWM plans pursuant to RA 9003. Activities, however,
Waste Management are limited in scale due to budgetary constraints. Most LGUs undertake only the soft components
Program (ESWMP) of the ESWM plans such as segregation at source, reduction, composting and IEC. Only a few
LGUs have established MRFs at the barangay and municipal level. Most LGUs in Pampanga and
Nueva Ecija still resort to open dumping. Eleven LGUs in Bulacan have upgraded into controlled
dumpsites. The sanitary landfill in Norzagaray needs to be improved. The industrial locators of
Clark SEZ together with the 8 LGUs of Tarlac, 5 LGUs of Pampanga and 2 LGUs of Bulacan
dispose of their residual wastes in the 100-ha Sanitary Landfill in Sitio Kalangitan, Capas, Tarlac.
This facility also receives hospital wastes and other hazardous wastes from such generators
throughout the region.
Industrial Pollution The DENR-EMB regulates industrial pollution by monitoring compliance with the ECC,
Control Program Discharge Permits and Self-Monitoring Reports (SMRs). It undertakes pollution adjudication for
non-compliant industries. The agency also promotes industrial self-regulation under the Revised
Industrial Eco-watch System (RIES) and the Philippine Environmental Partnership
Program (PEPP). The former is a public disclosure system where industries are rated in color
codes (Gold, Silver, Green or Blue and Red or Black) to indicate compliance or non-compliance,
respectively. The latter is an incentive and reward system for industries that voluntarily adopt
pollution prevention and cleaner production processes. A number of big industries in the basin
such as BASECOM Corporation and Far East Alcohol Corporation (FEACO) are signatory to the
Environmental Consent Agreement (ECONA) as a commitment to self-regulation. Likewise,
Clark Development Corporation (CDC) was deputized by the DENR-EMB to police industrial
and commercial locators in the Clark Special Economic Zone.
Sagip-Ilog Projects The LGU of San Fernando City rehabilitates San Fernando River through periodic cleanup
activities. Future plans also include dredging, slope protection works, resettlement of informal
settlers and creation of a river park to boost local tourism. Similarly, the LGU of San Rafael,
Bulacan aims to restore Angat River by engaging the participation of the industries and local
communities in periodic cleanup and pollution monitoring, starting with the profiling of
potentially pollutive industries and business establishments.
Source: DENR-EMB, CDC, PPDOs (2008-2009).
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1) NWRB/JICA:Dams in the Philippines, 2000.
2) ADB, MWSS: Umiray-Angat Transbasin Study, Feasibility Study, Main Report Vol.1, 1992.
3) NIA-UPRIIS: Pantabangan Dam, Briefing Kit.
4) NWRB/JICA: Master Plan Study on Water Resources Management in the Republic of the Philippines, Final
Report, Vol III-1, Supporting Report, Part-D, 1998.
5) NWRB: Survey/Inventory on Water Impounding Reservoirs, 1978.
6) Prov. Gov. Nueva Ecija: Pre-Feasibility Study Report of Water Impounding Projects in the Province of
Nueva Ecija, 1994.
7) NIA/NWRB/World Bank: Water Resources Development Project, Draft Final Report, Task5,
Pre-Feasibilitystudy for additional water supply to AMRIS main report, 1994.
8) NIA: Balintingon Reservoir Multipurpose Project, Feasibility Study, Vol. I, Main Report, 1983.
9) CALENERGY: Balintingon Multipurpose Project, Prefeasibility Study Report, 2006.
10) NIA/JICA: Feasibility Study Report on the Gumain River Irrigation Project, 1985.
11) NIA:Balog-Balog Multipurpose Project, Feasibility Study, Main Report, 1980.
12) CDC: Clark Special Economic Zone Water Resources Study, Final Report, 2000.
13) NEDA: Medium-Term Philippine Development Plan, 2004-2010, 2004.
14) NEDA Region III: Updated Central Luzon Regional Physical Framework Plan (RPFP), 2005-2030, 2006.
15) NIA: COPLAN, 2009-2018.
16) NIA: Indicative Irrigation Development Program, 2010-2019.
17) UNDP: Central Luzon MDG Rate of Progress (Region III), www.undp.org.ph
18) NEDA, Philippine Water Supply Sector Roadmap, 2009.
19) NSCB: 2000 Census of Population and Housing, 2000.
20) MWSS: Reply to the request of data and information to JICA Study Team, 2009.
21) GOP: Republic Act No. 8749, Clean Water Act, 1999.
22) JICA: Feasibility Study on Pampanga Delta Development Project, February 1982.
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Chapter 5. Present Institutional-Setup for IWRM
5.1 Present Legal Framework
5.1.1 Background of National and Regional Administration
For the purpose of administration and development planning, the Philippines is divided into three tiers
of governance, namely; the national, regional and local governments. The national government is
divided into 17 administrative regions based on their geographical location, namely; Regions I to XII,
National Capital Region (NCR), Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR), CARAGA Region, and
Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao (ARMM). NCR covers Metro Manila.
The local governments are classified into three hierarchies, namely; Province, City/Municipality and
Barangay. Province is composed of city(s), municipalities and barangays. Provinces, cities,
municipalities and barangays have their respective councils (Sanggunian) for legislation purposes.
Region is the national administrative division for regional administration and coordination among
multiple provinces.
The Local Government Code (LGC) enacted in 1991 essentially re-defined the role, relationship and
linkages of national, provincial, city/municipal and barangay institutions in the provision of basic
services, infrastructure and utilities. The new direction mandated the Local Government Units (LGUs)
to play a larger role in planning and implementing local infrastructures and utilities, particularly, water
supply and sanitation. This mandate raised significant institutional capacity and resource allocation
issues.
The LGUs have been subdivided into 81 provinces, 136 cities, 1,495 municipalities and 42,008
barangays as of December 31, 2008. The LGUs are grouped into the seventeen (17) regions. The
Department of Interia and Local Government (DILG) exercises general supervision for the provinces
and cities of 16 regions. The ARMM is not part of the general supervision function of DILG..
The main national government agencies have established their respective regional and provincial
offices for regulating their own responsible sectors in the provinces and municipalities, allocation of
funds from the national budget, implementation of national projects, etc.
5.1.2 Hierarchy of Law
The hierarchy of laws enacted by the National Government of the Philippines is shown in Table 5.1.1.
The Constitution and the Republic Acts (RAs) are enacted by the Congress while the Executive
Orders (EOs) are promulgated by the President. Presidential Decrees (PDs) were promulgated by the
President during the martial law period, 1972-1986. Administrative Orders (AOs) and Memorandum
Circulars (MCs) are issued by the secretary of a department and the head of agencies or offices
respectively.
Provincial ordinances are enacted by the provincial council, while provincial governors, municipal and
city mayors have the authority to issue local administrative orders.
Executive orders, administrative orders, memorandum circulars and local administrative orders could
be cancelled if the national or local administration changes. Legislative actions of Congress
predominate over the executive actions or decisions of the Office of the President. The government
administrators and managers in the Philippines tend to consider that the institution and organizations
established by laws (Republic Act, Presidential Decree) are sustainable, but those established by
Executive Orders and Administrative Orders are tentative and tend to be abolished or not functioning
after the change of administration.
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Table 5.1.1 Hierarchy of Laws and Regulations in Philippines
Hierarchy Enactment Example
I. National Laws and Regulations
(1) Constitution Congress - The Philippine Constitution of 1987 (new)
- The Water Code of the Philippines of 1776
(2) Republic Acts (Commonwealth Act No. 146)
Congress
(1946-1972, 1987-present) - The Civil Code of the Philippines (RA
No. 386-1949)
(3) Presidential Decrees - Water Code (PD No. 1067-1976) as
President
(1972-1986) amended
(4) Executive Orders
President EO 123-2002
(1987-present)
- DENR Administrative Order No. 2005-10,
(5) Administrative Orders Department Secretary Implementation Rules and Regulations of
the Clean Water Act
- NWRB Resolution No. 010-0305-2005
(6) Memorandum Circulars Head of Agency/Office
- NIA: MC17S78
- Implementing Rules and Regulations,
(7) Others, Guidelines Head of Agency Water Code of 1979 as amended (March
2005), Guidelines by NWRB
II Laws and Regulations for Local Governments
Provincial Council Provincial Revenue Code of Bulacan
(1) Provincial Ordinances
(Sanggunian Panlalawigan) (Bulacan PO No. C-003-2004)
(2) City/Municipal/ Barangay City/Municipal/Barangay Council (Sanggunian Panlungsod/Sanggunian Bayan/
Resolutions/Regulations Sanggunian Barangay)
(3) Local Administrative Orders Governor (Province), Mayor (City/Municipality), Punong Barangay
Note: Refer to the legislative body of Barangay/Municipal/City/Province in SEC. 390, 445, 457, 467 of LGC;
Philippine Commonwealth 1935-1946; Modified Parliamentary Republic 1978-1985; Republic under martial law
1972-1986; Republic 1987-present
5.1.3 National Policies and Laws

The transformation of national policies for water supply, water resources management,
decentralization, privatization, environmental protection and rationalization, and the corresponding
main laws and orders for the water resources sector from the 1970s are summarized in Annex-T 5.1.1.
(1) Water Supply and Water Resources Management Policy
The three main legislations defining the institutional setup of the water supply sector were
enacted in the 1970s. These are Republic Act No. 6234 of 1971 which created the
Metropolitan Waterworks and Sewerage System (MWSS) for water supply in Metro Manila,
the Provincial Water Utilities Act of 1973 which authorized the formation of local water
districts in provincial centers outside Metro Manila, and the Water Code of the Philippines of
1976 which established the framework of water resources management. The Public Service
Law, Presidential Decree No. 1206 of 1977 mandated the National Water Resources
Board (NWRB) to supervise water utilities including the regulation of water tariff except
those under the MWSS and the Local Water Utility Administration (LWUA).
(2) Decentralization Policy
The Local Government Code of 1991 transferred the responsibility to local governments for
public services in their respective administrative areas. Local governments at all levels
(provinces, cities/municipalities and barangays) were made responsible for basic service
delivery. Pursuant to this Code the LGUs shall endeavor to be self-reliant and shall continue
exercising the power and discharging the duties and functions currently vested upon them.
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(3) Privatization Policy of Infrastructures
The privatization of infrastructures was initiated for electric power projects by the first legal
framework, Executive Order No. 215 of 1987. The former BOT Law or RA No. 6959 of 1990,
sought to enable the framework for private sector participation in infrastructure development
including water supply. RA No. 7718 of 1994 (present BOT Law) amended RA No. 6959 of
1990, making it more flexible in the implementation of projects concerning roads, airports,
water, information technology and so on, allowing nine types of schemes.
The National Water Crisis Act of 1995 provided the government with special powers to
recognize sector agencies and pursue private sector participation. This act facilitated the
privatization of water supply and sanitation in Metro Manila.
(4) Environmental Policy
Presidential Decree No. 1152 of 1977, the Philippine Environmental Code, established the
standards for air and water quality, and the guidelines for land use management, natural
resources, groundwater, and waste management. The Philippines Environmental Impact
Statement (EIS) System was established by Presidential Decree No. 1586 of 1979. The
Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004 defines the policies for pursuing economic growth within
the framework of sustainable development in the aspect of water quality management of all
water bodies. The Department of Environment and Natural Resource (DENR) is responsible
for the execution of these laws.
(5) Rationalization Policy of Governments
The rationalization of government agencies stem from the Public Service Law, PD No. 1206
of 1977. The Administrative Code of 1987 vested the President with residual powers to
reorganize the executive branches of the respective government agencies. NWRB has been
restructured through Executive Order No. 123 of 2002, and has been entrusted with the
responsibility for regulation of water service providers in water districts. Executive Order
No. 366 of 2004 directed all department secretaries to conduct strategic review of the
operations of the executive branches. Executive Order No. 123 has not yet been implemented.
Executive Order No. 279 of 2004 outlined substantial reforms in the financing of the water
supply sector, particularly, with regard to the role of LWUA on providing finance to water
districts by pursuing more actively the water districts and other water providers to the private
capital market.
The Department of Budget and Management (DBM) has approved the Rationalization Plan of
seven government agencies. The seven agencies include the Office of the President, the Office
of the Vice President, the Department and Labor and Employment, the DBM, the Department
of Science and Technology, the Department of Tourism, and the Civil Service Commission.
The applications of the remaining agencies are still pending approval at DBM as of June 2009.
Since 1995, successive government administrations have pursued their policy objectives
through executive orders issued by the President rather than laws passed by the Congress.
5.1.4 Legal Framework for Policy, Planning, Approval, Implementation, and Monitoring of
Water-related Projects
(1) Background
In the Philippines, mandates and responsibilities of the national government and sector
agencies are governed by laws and regulations. However, the authority and responsibility for
sector policymaking, planning, regulating, implementing and monitoring of projects are
severely fragmented, spreading across different government tiers and various national
government agencies1). The fragmentation might be partly induced by the three policies of
privatization, decentralization and rationalization.
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(2) NEDA as the Highest Social and Development Planning and Policy Coordination Body
The National Economic Development Authority (NEDA) is the country’s highest social and
development planning and policy coordination body. In the performance of its function, the
NEDA Board is assisted by five cabinet-level agency committees, namely; the Development
Budget Coordination Committee (DBCC); the Infrastructure Committee (INFRACOM); the
Investment Coordination Committee (ICC), the Social Development Committee (SDC); and
the Committee on Tariff and Related Matters (CTRM). The NEDA Secretariat serves as the
technical secretariat to all these committees, except for the DBCC, which is served by the
DBM.
NEDA defines the institutional roles and responsibilities of sector agencies, sets broad
coverage targets for the country, and defines broad policies, particularly, regarding access of
low-income groups to services, cost recovery to sustainability, incentive to improve
operational efficiency, and mechanism for private sector improvement. Allocation of the
national funds is determined by the Department of Budget and Management (DBM). The
Department of Finance (DOF), for its part, sets and implements policies on the use of grants
and guarantees from the national government and official development assistance (ODA).
Projects of which budget exceeds 500 million pesos are subject to review and approval by
NEDA.
(3) National Sector Policies, Planning and Implementation, and Local Government
Key national government agencies are responsible for sector policy, planning, implementing
and monitoring of national projects, and regulatory function specific to their jurisdiction. Each
department issues department orders for authorities of officials of respective departments for
planning, approval, implementation and monitoring of projects under its responsible sector.
The local government at all administrative levels retain de facto responsibilities for public
utilities, including water supply and sanitation, for policy, planning, and regulatory functions
specific to their jurisdictions, through the respective local government units (LGUs). This
includes choosing financing and management options, deciding on tariffs, providing
investment and funding support, and setting performance standards.
The Regional Development Council (RDC) regulates and approves inter-provincial and
government loan projects. NEDA requires endorsement for implementation from all
concerned provinces for the RDC’s approval. The Secretariat of RDC is NEDA.
(4) Allocation of Sector Roles between National Government and Local Governments
The present Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR) of the national and local governments
were prepared reflecting the new sector role of the LGUs based on the Local Government
Code of 1991 (LGC-1991). The basic services and facilities vested in the LGUs are listed for
Barangay, Municipality, Province and City respectively in SEC. 17, CHAPTER I of
LGC-1991.
(a) Basic Services and Facilities Vested in LGUs
The basic services and facilities in water-related sectors include, but not limited to, the
following:
For a Barangay - Services and facilities related to general hygiene and sanitation, and
maintenance of water supply systems.
For a Municipality - Extension and on-site research and facilities related to agriculture
and fishery activities; inter-barangay irrigation systems; water and soil resources
utilization and conservation projects; and enforcement of fishery laws in municipal
waters including conservation of mangroves; implementation of community-based
forestry projects including integrated social forestry programs subject to supervision,
control and review of DENR, and management and control of communal forests;
services and facilities related to general hygiene and sanitation; and communal irrigation,
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small water impounding projects, artesian wells, spring development, rainwater
collection and water supply systems, sea walls, dikes, drainage and sewerage, and flood
control.
For a Province - Assistance in organization of farmers and fisherman’s cooperatives
and other collective organizations, and transfer of appropriate technology; and
inter-municipal waterworks, drainage and sewerage, flood control, irrigation systems
and reclamation projects.
For a City - All services and facilities of the municipalities and provinces.
(b) Public Works and Infrastructures Vested in National Government
National agencies or offices concerned should have devolved to LGUs the responsibility
for the provision of basic services and facilities enumerated in SEC. 17 of LGC-1991.
Regional offices of national agencies or offices whose functions were devolved to LGUs
also should have been phased out. However, sector projects are still being led generally
by national agencies in coordination with LGUs due to limitation of funds and resources
of the LGUs.
Notwithstanding the provision of Subsection (b) of SEC. 17 of LGC-1991, public works
and infrastructure projects and other facilities, programs and services funded by the
National Government Appropriation Act, other special laws, pertinent executive orders,
and those wholly or partially funded from foreign sources, are not covered under
SEC. 17, except in cases where the LGU concerned is duly designated as the
implementing agency for such projects, facilities, programs, and services.
5.2 Present Institutional-Setup
5.2.1 National Government Agencies
The key national government agencies involved in water resources management are the Office of the
President (OP), the National Economic Development Authority (NEDA), the National Water
Resources Board (NWRB), the Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH), the Department
of Agriculture (DA), the Department of Energy (DE), the Department of Environment and Natural
Resources (DENR), the Department of Finance (DOF), the Department of Interior and Local
Government (DILG), and the Department of Health (DOH). The mandates of the key government
agencies in water resources management are summarized in Annex-T 5.2.1.
The National Water Resources Board (NWRB), the National Commission on Indigenous
People (NCIP), the Metropolitan Water Works and Sewerage System (MWSS), the National Irrigation
Administration (NIA), the National Power Corporation (NPCOR/NPC), the Environmental
Management Bureau (EMB), and the Local Water Utilities Administration (LWUA) are the regulatory
and/or implementation agencies under OP, DPWH, DA, DE, DENR and DOH respectively.
The mandates of these national agencies and line and staff bureaus are mutually correlated. The
functional chart of the over 30 water-related national agencies in the Philippines is illustrated in
Annex-F 5.2.1. The functional relationship with the local governments is presented in Subsection 5.2.2
of this report. Detailed functions of these agencies with respective responsible sector are presented in
Subsection 5.2.3. The mandate and organizational structure of NWRB are presented in
Subsection 5.3.2 (1) and Subsection 5.3.5(1) respectively.
5.2.2 Functional Relationship among National and Local Governments
Part of the roles and authorities of the national government agencies were transferred to the local
governments based on LGC-1991 [refer to Subsection 5.1.4(4)]. Under the decentralization and
rationalization policies, the present institutional arrangements for the functional relationships among
the national government agencies and the local governments are still in the transition period. The roles
of the national and local governments have not yet been unified, and those vary depending on the
sector policy and prevailing conditions. Annex-F 5.2.2 illustrates the present functional relationships
among the water-related national government agencies and the local governments. The illustrated
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relation is still progressive as of June 2009, and it is subject to clarification among the agencies
concerned.
5.2.3 Institutional Structure by Sector
This section deals with further allocation of the responsibility and authority of the national government
agencies and the local governments focusing on the key water-related sectors and subjects (refer to
Annex-F 5.2.2).
(1) Water Supply and Sanitation
The delineated roles and responsibilities of the key agencies of water supply sector are
summarized in Annex-T 5.2.2. Annex-T 5.2.3 illustrates the institutional structure of domestic
and municipal water supply and sanitation among national government agencies and the local
governments.
The NWRB, the Metropolitan Waterworks and Sewerage System (MWSS), the Local Water
Utilities Administration (LWUA) and the LGUs are the regulatory agencies for water supply.
The NWRB regulates water service providers including some LGU-managed water utilities in
terms of water supply tariff and coverage and services. The water supply and sanitation
services to cities and municipalities of Metro Manila are regulated by MWSS. The services
are currently provided by two private concessionaires, Manila Water Company, Inc. (MWCI)
and Maynilad Water Services, Inc. (MWSI).
NEDA Resolution No. 4 (series of 1994) allows LGUs to implement all levels of water supply
projects and redefines the role of other sector agencies.
LWUA regulates urban water supply except in Metro Manila. The Department of Interior and
Local Government (DILG) regulates and implements rural water supply. The LWUA and the
Water Supply and Sanitation Project Management Office (WSSPMO) of DILG, through their
respective funding activities define and enforce specific quality and performance standards of
service for water districts and LGU-managed systems, respectively. They also assist water and
sanitation service providers through capacity building and technical assistance.
Services by LWUA initially implemented the Level III water supply projects which were
financially viable. LWUA’s support, in particular, extends beyond technical assistance to
actual improvement in execution of individual water district projects and governance of water
districts.
WSSPMO plays a critical role in the rural water supply sector due to its area management role
in local territories. It participates in general administration and institutional building, such as
assistance to LGUs in the formation of rural and/or barangay waterworks and sanitation
associations and identification of water supply systems.
DPWH, together with DILG and DOH provided, initially, technical assistance to LGUs in
planning, implementation and operation and maintenance of water supply facilities limiting to
the period of two years.
Under the 2004-2010 Medium Term Philippine Development Plan (MTPDP), the National
Anti-Poverty Commission Water Supply Coordination Office (NAPC-WASCO) was created
as the national coordinating unit for the implementation of the President’s Priority Program of
Water (P3W). This program gives special attention to “waterless” LGUs nationwide.
NEDA Resolution No. 5 reaffirms the principle of provision of sewerage and sanitation
services on the basis of willingness-to-pay. The resolution mandates the establishment of a
Central Project Support Office (CPSO) at LWUA to assist LGUs in the formulation,
preparation and implementation of sewerage and sanitation projects.
EO 279 (February 2004) instituted reforms in the financing policies for the water supply and
sewage sector and water service providers, rationalizing the LWUA’s organizational structure
and transferring it to the office of the President. EO 387 (November 2004) transferred LWUA
from the office of the President to DPWH. EO 421 (April 2005) refocused LWUA’s functions
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and organizational structures as envisaged in EO 279. EO 738 (July 2008) transferred LWUA
from DPWH to DOH.
(2) Irrigation
There are three types of irrigation systems in the Philippines: national, communal and private.
Under the jurisdiction of the Department of Agriculture (DA), the functions of the National
Irrigation Administration (NIA), created initially by RA 3601 of 1963, were broadened under
Presidential Decree Nos. 552 of 1974 and 1702 of 1980, both amending RA 3601. NIA
undertakes program-oriented and comprehensive water resources projects for irrigation
purposes as well as concomitant activities such as flood control, drainage, land reclamation,
hydropower development, watershed management, etc., except private irrigation systems.
Communal irrigation systems were devolved to LGUs based on Irrigation Management
Transfer (IMT) started in 2009 and LGC-1991. Private irrigation systems are composed of
plantations operated by companies and small private irrigation systems.
In the irrigation sector, NIA plays the main role of implementation, operation and maintenance
of the nation’s irrigation systems in collaboration with local governments except private
irrigation systems. The IMT is planned to be completed in five years under the NIA’s
rationalization plan approved in 2008. The national irrigation system offices (NISOs) and the
provincial irrigation offices (PIOs) have been merged within a province or a cluster of 2 to 4
provinces as the irrigation management offices (IMOs) in order to strengthen financial
viability of the national irrigation systems (NISs). IMOs are managed by the regional
irrigation offices (RIOs) of NIA.
NIA issued several manuals for design, operation and maintenance; for example, Design
Manual for Diversion Dams (1987 under process), Design Manual for Canals and Canal
Structures (under process), General Operation & Maintenance Manual (Final Report, January
1991).
(3) Flood Control
Flood control requires a river basin approach participated by multiple government agencies.
Annex-T 5.2.4 illustrates the institutional structure of national government agencies in flood
control. The DPWH has played a main role in flood control and oversees its national and
regional projects.
The projects under DPWH are presently being executed based on Department Order No. 24,
Series of 2007 known as the Amended Omnibus Level of Authorities of Officials of DPWH.
The levels of authority delegated are 11 groups based on the DPWH project cycle and
functions and services of other offices. Those levels are planning, environment and social
aspects, design, land acquisition and infrastructure right-of-way, procurement, contract
management, infrastructure maintenance, quality control, human resources, financial
resources, and equipment and property (other than real estate).
The DPWH PMO-Major Flood Control Projects (PMO-MFCP) manages the planning, design,
construction, and operation and maintenance of major flood control projects of the nation.
After construction, the PMO-MFCP transfers the role of operation and maintenance of river
and flood control facilities of selected river basins to the regional offices of DPWH such as
the Agno-PMO Flood Control Office. Some provincial governments contribute to a part of
operation and maintenance based on a memorandum of agreement (MOA) between DPWH
and the LGU concerned by arrangement of NEDA depending on the prevailing local
conditions. The Flood Control and Sabo Engineering Center (FCSEC) under DPWH is in
charge of planning of flood control and Sabo works.
DPWH had issued a series of technical guidelines and standards; for example, Design
Guidelines, Criteria and Standards for Public Works and Highways in 4 volumes (1987 called
“Red Book”), DPWH Standard Specifications for Public Works Structures (1995), Technical
Standards and Guidelines for Planning and Design (draft March 2002), Manual on
Construction Supervision of Flood Control Projects (December 2004), Manual on
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Maintenance of Flood Control and Drainage Structures (April 2005). Upgrading of the Red
Book is in progress.
(4) Watershed Management
Pursuant to Executive Order No. 192 (10 June 2007), the DENR is the primary government
agency responsible for the conservation, management, development and proper use of the
environment and natural resources, including forests and watershed areas. The Forest
Management Bureau (FMB) under DENR formulates and recommends policies and/or
programs for the effective protection, development, occupancy, management and conservation
of forest lands and the watershed.
NIA, NPC, PNOC (Philippine National Oil Company) MWSS and the WDs are guided by
DENR policies and collaborate with the latter to protect and preserve the watershed areas in
their respective areas of responsibility. There are inter-agency agreements by and among them
to combine their efforts and resources in maintaining and promoting environmentally sound
watershed areas. Community involvement is also encouraged by enlisting people’s
participation in undertakings and development projects on watershed areas, and safeguarding
them.
On the other hand, the Bureau of Soils and Water Management (BSWM) under the
Department of Agriculture (DA) remain responsible for the assessment, development and
preservation of existing and potential soil and water resources for agriculture.
The LGUs also can perform watershed management functions but are subject to supervision
and control of DENR based on the Local Government Code. Provinces and municipalities
implement community-based forest management, social forestry, and watershed projects, with
the discretion of LGU executives.
(5) Water Quality
The Clean Water Act (CWA), RA No. 9275-2004, enacts comprehensive water quality
management in all water bodies and in the control and abatement of pollution from the
land-based sources. The water quality standards and regulations are being enforced
irrespective of sources of pollution. The act provides, among others, that DENR in
coordination with NWRB shall designate certain areas as water quality management areas
using appropriate physiographic units such as watersheds, river basins or water resources
regions. The implementing rules and regulations (IRR) of CWA-2004 was promulgated
pursuant to Section 32 of CWA-2004 and EO 192-1987, DENR Charter.
(6) Large Dam
Most of the large dams were planned and constructed by NPC and NIA. However, no unified
nationwide planning and design standard for dams and appurtenant structures was established.
NPC customarily apply the USBR standards and manuals to dams.
5.2.4 Institutional Framework for the Study Area
There are no specific institutional and legal arrangements in the study area with respect to
water-related sector planning and implementation, and IWRM. The legal framework for policy,
planning, approval, implementation of water-related projects, and the regulatory framework of water
resources management are basically the same as those applied nationwide except those transferred to
the provincial, city, municipal and barangay governments based on the LGC-1991. The power and
attributes of local government, inter-government relationship, local legislation, organizational structure
and staffing, local taxation and fiscal matters, local fiscal administration including budgeting, and
share of local government units in the national wealth are enumerated in the LGC. The local
governments have not initiated yet further specific and/or own arrangements for management of the
water-related sector.
Annex-F 5.2.3 shows the organizational chart of the Government of the Province of Pampanga as a
typical organizational chart in the study area. The organization under the Provincial Governor is
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composed of the Provincial Treasurer’s Office, the Provincial Engineer’s Office, the Provincial
Planning and Development Office (PPDO), the Provincial Budget Office, the Provincial Agriculturist
Office, the Provincial Assessor’s Office, the integrated Provincial Health Office, the Provincial Library
and Information Office, and the Provincial Jail. This organizational structure is basically the same for
the other provinces.
The PPDO takes charge of formulation of the provincial strategic development plan.
5.3 Present Framework of Water Resources Management
5.3.1 The Constitution and Water Code
(1) The Constitution
The national policy on water, as a natural resource, is enshrined in Section 2, Article XII of
the 1987 Philippine Constitution, as follows:
“All lands of the public domain, waters, minerals, coal, petroleum and other mineral
oils, all forces of potential energy, fisheries, forests or timber, wildlife, flora and fauna,
and other natural resources are owned by the State. The exploration, development, and
utilization of natural resources shall be under the full control and supervision of the
State. In cases of water rights for irrigation, water supply, fisheries, or industrial uses
other than the development of water power, beneficial use may be the measure and
limit of the grant.”
(2) The Water Code
(a) Objective
The Water Code of the Philippines (Presidential Decree No. 1067-1976) is the basic
water law of the Philippines. It is anchored on the principle that all waters belong to the
State. Proceeding from this premise, these waters are not subject to acquisitive
prescription. The State may allow the use or development of water by administrative
concession, but the utilization, development, conservation and protection of water
resources shall remain within the control of and regulation by government.
In synthesis, the objectives of the Water Code are to:
 Establish the basic principles and structural framework relating to the
appropriation, control, conservation and protection of water resources to achieve
their optimum development and efficient use, to meet present and future needs;
 Define the scope of the rights and obligations of water users and provide for the
protection and regulation of such rights;
 Institute a basic law to govern the ownership, appropriation, utilization,
exploitation, development, conservation and protection of water resources and
rights to land related thereto; and
 Identify the administrative agencies which will enforce the Code.
(b) Definition and state ownership of water
“Water” is expansively defined by the Code. Thus, Article 4 thereof declares that
“Waters, as used in this Code, refers to water under the ground, water above the ground,
water in the atmosphere and the waters of the sea within the territorial jurisdiction of the
Philippines.” This definition practically captures the entire segment and categories of
water resources in their natural state or from the perspective of their source. This
fundamental policy was enunciated in the Philippine Constitution, incorporated in the
Civil Code (see succeeding section), and now reiterated in the Water Code. Other
provisions of the Water Code categorically reinforce this stand as can be seen from the
provisions of Articles 5 and 6.
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Article 5. The following belong to the State:
 Rivers and their natural beds;
 Continuous or intermittent waters of springs and brooks running in their natural
beds and the beds themselves;
 Natural lakes and lagoons;
 All other categories of surface waters such as water flowing over lands, water
from rainfall whether natural or artificial and water from agricultural runoff,
seepage and drainage;
 Atmospheric water;
 Subterranean or ground water; and
 Seawater.
Article 6. The following waters found on private lands also belong to the State:
 Continuous or intermittent waters rising on such (private) lands;
 Lakes and lagoons naturally occurring on such lands;
 Rain water falling on such lands;
 Subterranean or ground waters; and
 Waters in swamps and marshes.
The owner of the land where the water is found may use the same for domestic purposes
without securing a permit, provided that such use shall be registered, when required by
NWRB. NWRB, however, may regulate such use when there is wastage or in times of
emergency.
(c) Separation of water from land
The provisions of Article 6 of the Water Code are a departure from the stipulations of
the Civil Code on water. Before their repeal by the Water Code, certain provisions of the
Civil Code, particularly those on ownership of waters (Section 503) recognized private
ownership of certain categories of water (i.e., continuous or intermittent waters rising on
lands of private ownership; lakes and lagoons, and their beds, formed by Nature on such
lands; subterranean waters found on the same; etc.). These laws on the ownership of
waters found in private lands are now expressly abrogated by Article 6 of the Water
Code. Other instances of repeal of Civil Code provisions by the Water Code are treated,
in passing, in succeeding sections.
(d) Appropriation
The appropriation of water which is the acquisition of rights over the use of water or the
taking or diverting of waters from a natural source, is governed by the Water Code.
Provided such use or taking or diversion is accomplished in a legal manner and for a
lawful purpose, the Code allows appropriation of water for any of the following
purposes:
 Domestic - the utilization of water for drinking, washing, bathing, cooking or
other household needs, home gardens, and watering of lawns or domestic animals;
 Municipal - the utilization of water for supplying the water requirements of the
community;
 Irrigation - the utilization of water for producing agricultural crops;
 Power generation - the utilization of water for producing electrical or mechanical
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power;
 Fisheries - the utilization of water for the propagation and culture of fish as a
commercial enterprise;
 Livestock raising - the utilization of water for large herds or locks of animals
raised as a commercial enterprise;
 Industrial - the utilization of water in factories, industrial plants and mines,
including the use of water as an ingredient of a finished product;
 Recreational - the utilization of water for swimming pools, bath house, boating,
water skiing, golf courses and other similar facilities in resorts and other places of
recreation. (Art. 10, Water Code)
(e) Water rights and permit
Under the Water Code, no person shall appropriate water without a water right. A water
right is acquired with the issuance of a water permit which is the evidence of the water
right granted. The following may apply for a water permit:
 Citizens of the Philippines who are of legal age;
 Associations, duly registered cooperatives or corporations organized under the
laws of the Philippines, at least 60% of the capital of which is owned by citizens
of the Philippines; and
 Government entities and instrumentalities including government-owned or
controlled corporations.
 The measure and limit of appropriation of water is its beneficial use. Beneficial
use as defined in the Code is the utilization of water in the right amount during the
period that water is needed for producing the benefits for which the water is
appropriated. Standards of beneficial use are prescribed by NWRB to the
appropriators of water for different purposes and conditions.
(f) Revision
The National Water Resources Board (NWRB; former NWRC) promulgated the
Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR-1979) of the Water Codes (PD
No. 1067-1976) as a guideline. Revision of the IRR-1979 in accordance with
EO 123-2002 was approved and implemented in 2005.
The revision of the Water Code of 1976 has been initiated for the meetings with the
head of offices and stakeholders. The progress and the content of the draft have not been
disclosed yet to the public.
5.3.2 Regulation of Water Resources Allocation
(1) NWRB as Apex Regulatory Body
The overall responsibility for coordination of water resources development and management
is vested in the National Water Resources Board (NWRB) which was initially created as
National Water Resources Council (NWRC) by Presidential Decree No. 424-1974. Its basic
mandate is to administer and enforce the Water Code. NWRC was converted to NWRB by
Executive Order No. 124-A of 1987.
The jurisdictional powers, functions and duties of NWRB include: (a) to formulate policies
and guidelines on water resources development and management; (b) to effect cross-sectoral
and inter-departmental coordination of water resources development activities; (c) to grant or
issue water permits and certificates of public convenience/and necessity; (d) to advise NEDA
on matters relating to water resources development plans, programs and projects, and (e) to
exercise jurisdiction over disputes concerning water allocation and utilization.
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The NWRB is manifestly a collegial and quasi-judicial body. Its governing board is composed
of five cabinet departments (DENR, NEDA, DOF, DOJ, DOH) and a water agency, NHRC.
Three cabinet departments, DPWH, DA and DTI involved in water users and four water
agencies, LWUA, MWSS, NIA, NPC were excluded from the board members after Executive
Order No. 123-2002. The Chairman of the Board is the Secretary of DENR at present.
(2) Water Permit Procedure
NWRB’s procedure for processing and approval of water permit application is illustrated in
Annex-F 5.3.1. Procedure Item No. 9, Technical Appraisal and Clearance from other agencies,
are done by deputized agencies in practice; for example, NIA for agriculture and fisheries,
NPC for hydropower, LGUs and MWSS for municipal water. Issue of permit to drill for
groundwater (Procedure Items No. 11-13) requires much manpower in urban and rural areas.
Procedure No. 6, Hearing Adjudication/Decision, and Procedure No. 14 Technical Evaluation,
also require much manpower of the Board.
NWRB has a plan to empower deputizing any official or agency of the government to perform
any of its specific functions or activities in order to resolve its chronic shortage of manpower.
In particular it was sought to achieve the regular submission of an accomplishment report to
monitor performance related to water permits in remote areas from the office of NWRB in
Manila. Memorandums of Agreement were signed in 2004 between NWRB and the three
municipalities based on Resolution No. 008-1003, Deputizing the Three Municipalities of
Sta. Fe, Bantayan and Madridejos in Batanyan Island, Cebu, October 23, 2003. The task of the
deputy stipulated in the agreement covers:
 Receive water permit application (WPA);
 Verify details on application and compliance with requirements;
 Receive filing fees;
 Ensure the postings of WPAs at designated posting areas;
 Conduct field investigations/site inspections;
 Submit recommendations on the WPA to the Board;
 Deliver Permit to Drill (PTD) to applicant issued by the Board;
 Receive well data after the well has been drilled;
 Verify that water permittees comply with the conditions imposed in the water permit;
 Monitor drilling of wells and other water resources development activities in the area
consistent with the positions of the Water Code of the Philippines;
 Collect well data;
 Perform such other similar functions relative to the processing of WPAs.
(3) Levy Related to Water Permits
(a) Fees and Charges
The NWRB is responsible to collect the levy (water fees and charges) related to the
water permit as stipulated in the Water Code.
Pursuant to Executive Order No. 1973, series of 2000, and to NWRB Resolution
No. 010-0305 dated 21 March 2005, NWRB on its 29th Meeting approved the
application/filing fees and annual water charges, as shown in Annex-T 5.3.1.
(b) Responsibility of Concessionaires
The National Power Corporation (NPC) was exempted from the annual water charge
(Item B) due to its non-profit character based on Presidential Decree No. 938 (May
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1976)2). However, after the issuance of NWRB Resolution-1998, all the parties granted
water permits (concession) must pay the annual water charges regardless of whether or
not they are private or public entities. The NPC still does not pay in spite of the opinion
of the Department of Justice (DOJ) that NPC must pay. The National Irrigation
Authority (NIA) also had not paid the annual water charges without legal exemption
though the charge to irrigation use is less than a half of other uses. The filing fee can be
exempted.
Irrigators’ associations who rely on the irrigation system of NIA are responsible to pay
the irrigation service fee (ISF) to NIA. NIA is responsible to pay the annual water
charges for the system’s granted with a water permit (concession).
Irrigators who operate their own irrigation systems are also responsible to pay the
annual water charges for their granted water permits.
(c) Collection Rate of Annual Water Charges
The water utility division of NWRB sends the annual water charge bills to the
concessionaries. The charges paid to NWRB are remitted to the Bureau of Treasury
under the Department of Finance (DOF), and those are treated as national funds. Manila
Water Company Inc. and Manilad Water Service Inc. of MWSS paid the annual water
charges in 2007.
Many water users do not pay the annual water charge after the respective water permits
have been granted. The Water Utility Division of NWRB has the capacity to bill only 30
to 40% of the concessions due to limited staff capacity. Out of the entities billed, about
80 to 85% pay the charges at present.
Out of the number of entities not billed (60–70% of the concessionaries), 20% is NIA,
10% is NPC and 70% is Water Districts. There are four types of irrigation water users:
individual farmers using shallow wells, irrigators’ associations for communal irrigation,
NIA for government irrigation systems, and corporations mainly plantations. It is
technically difficult to go after the individual farmers because many of them had
abandoned their farms due to dry-out of shallow wells. Majority of the irrigators’
associations paid the charges, but the exact number of irrigators’ associations at present
was not obtained because the collapsed associations have not been caught. NIA
intentionally does not pay the charges. Some of the large corporations do not pay too.
The entities which do not pay shall be subject to review and inspection because many
irrigated lands have been converted to subdivision lots (household residential areas) in
Bulacan and Dampang in particular. Review and inspection surveys have not been
conducted yet due to shortage of manpower in NWRB.
5.3.3 Water Use Regulation during Draught
(1) Technical Working Group
The NWRB executes the appropriate water use regulation during draught on a case to case
basis. For example the technical working group (TWG) established in 1960s for the water
allocation of the Angat dam currently holds monthly regular meetings under the secretariat of
NWRB. The Angat multipurpose dam (hydropower, irrigation, municipal water supply to
Manila, etc.) is located at Angat River, the tributary of Pampanga River in the province of
Bulacan. The TWG for Angat Dam is functioning as a kind of draught regulation committee.
(2) A Case of Litigation for Water Right Allocation
During the severe draught in September 1997 caused by El. Niño, most of the water of Angat
Dam allocated under the water permit to NIA, of which water users are irrigators’ associations,
was transferred to MWSS based on the first priority to domestic and municipal use as
stipulated in Article 95 of the Water Code. Farmers (irrigators’ association) did not claim
compensation for the water rights following the regulation by the Administrator of NIA.
Majority of the farmers had not fully paid the irrigation service fees for a long time. Farmers
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had to pay the irrigation service fees if they claim compensation. On the other hand, the
Provincial Government of Bulacan litigated against MWSS. The Regional Trial Court
determined that the Manila Water Supply System (MWSS) shall pay the royalty (1% of the
gross sales) to the Province of Bulacan based on Section 13 of the Local Government Code of
1991. The resolution has not been finalized yet. MWSS plans to appeal to the Court of
Appeals if the resolution is finalized.
This case suggests that the position of the irrigators’ association in terms of water rights is
weak and unstable under the present Water Code. The purpose of the annual water charges
based on water permit and the purpose of the royalty of water based on the Local Government
Code of 1991 are different; hence, they should be subject to review.
5.3.4 Water Resources Planning and Assessment
(1) Water Resources Planning and IWRM
The NWRB is tasked with collating, coordinating and updating the framework plans for water
resources and for NEDA to integrate the plans for water resources development and
management into the national strategies and policies. In 1994, NWRB produced an updated
National Framework Plan on Water Resources Management that incorporated regional
framework studies. The NWRB also recommends to NEDA suitable action plans to address
emerging issues in the water resources sector as they evolve.
On the other hand, the NEDA Board, which is chaired by the President of the Philippines,
formulates national policies and strategies including those on the water resources sector.
NEDA has been the leading agency in preparing the Medium-Term Philippine Development
Plan (MTPDP) and the Medium Term Public Investment Plan (MTPIP). Both planning
documents incorporate water resources sector plans at the national and regional levels. There
are also coordinating committees established to align development of water resources with the
national strategies and fiscal direction of the government. The role of NWRB in this segment
of water resources management is confined to updating policies on water resources and
integrating various sub-sector policies, strategies and plans on water resources.
The NWRB does not have the authority to determine the priority of projects for
implementation of a specific river basin water resources master plan. Neither a national
government agency nor a local government has the authority to determine and implement such
an IWRM Master Plan which shall involve multiple provinces and multiple water sectors in
the river basin.
For the planning and implementation of the IWRM Basin Master Plan, closer coordination of
the Regional Development Council (RDC) and the Infrastructure Committee (INFRACOM)
would be necessary for provincial governments and national agencies respectively.
The RDC regulates and approves inter-provincial projects and government loan projects under
the NEDA Secretariat. The function of INFRACOM, chaired by the Director-General of
NEDA, is to advise the President and the NEDA Board on matters concerning infrastructure
development, including highways, airports, seaports and shore protection, railways, power
generation, transmission and distribution, telecommunication, irrigation, flood control and
drainage, water supply and sanitation, national buildings for government offices, hospitals and
related buildings, state colleges and universities, elementary and secondary school buildings,
and other public works.
(2) Water Resources Assessment and Data
Assessment of water resources is a collaborative effort by several agencies of government.
The Bureau of Research and Standards (BRS), the National Irrigation Administration (NIA)
and the National Power Corporation (NPC) are the three agencies that are primarily
responsible for the collection of stream flow data.
In 1974, NWRB assumed the responsibility of accumulating and processing data on river
stages and discharges. In 1987, the functions of NWRB were realigned and maintenance of
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the national network of stream flow data was transferred to BRS. The actual collection and
processing of the stream flow data in the field are under the direct control and supervision of
the regional offices of DPWH. There are about 274 monitoring stations nationwide which
daily register river stages. The information and data collected from these stations are
submitted to the DPWH regional offices where they are fed and processed through the
BRS-developed computerized data processing system. However, in September 2010, it was
noted that BRS does not have sufficient capacity to continue recording and processing of
stream flow data. It was also noted that the DPWH regional offices are primarily
project-oriented and are the implementing arms of the department. Water data collection is not
an inherent mandate of the office.
NIA and NPC are also involved in generating stream flow data mainly for the purpose
required by their respective projects. Data collection activities by these agencies are normally
confined to monitoring stations surrounding their project sites. Information gathered by these
agencies are processed but are hardly published. Collectively, these agencies maintain about
168 stream flow stations which monitor river stages and discharges. It is necessary that the
data gathered by these agencies are included in the information network for stream flow data
to be useful.
5.3.5 Strengthening of NWRB and Water Code by EO 123
(1) Progress of EO 123
The NWRB is composed of five divisions with 126 positions under the Office of the
Executive Director (OED), namely; the Policy and Program Division, the Water Right
Division, the Water Utilities Division, the Monitoring and Enforcement Division, and the
Administrative and Financial Division. NWRB’s organizational chart is shown in
Annex-F 5.3.2. The total number of personnel is only 103 including 8 of the OED as of June
2009 for the 126 positions. It has been reported that the shortage of manpower at present is
serious to enable execution of NWRB’s mandate.
The NWRB was attached to the Office of the President in January 2010. EO 123 was later
issued aiming to strengthen NWRB by attaching it to DENR and transferring the review and
approval of the tariff of Water Districts to NWRB from the Local Water Utilities
Administration (LWUA). Under EO 123, the NWRB is required to execute the following three
tasks:
(a) Review of the Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR) of the Water Code and amend
the same;
(b) Formulate a new or revised organizational structure for its Secretariat to effectively and
efficiently carry out its mandate under PD 424 (1974) and PD 1067 (1976); and
(c) After approval by the President of the new or revised organizational and manpower
structure of the NWRB Secretariat, NWRB shall become a bureau under DENR for the
purpose of administrative control and supervision.
The first task was approved and implemented in 2005. For the second task, NWRB proposed
to DBM for approval in 2008, a new organization which will provide three services with
182 positions, namely; policy, coordination and integration service; economic regulatory
service; and resource regulation service. The new organizational structure is as shown in
Annex-F 5.3.3. It was prepared based on the logical framework for NWRB3). The mandate of
NWRB stipulated in the Organizational Performance Indicator Framework (2008) shall be as
follows: “NWRB coordinates and regulates all water resources development and management
of the country. It is responsible for achieving a scientific and orderly development of all water
resources consistent with the principles of optimum utilization, conservation, and protection to
meet present and future needs.”
After NWRB was transferred from the President’s Office to DENR based on Executive Order
No. 860 on 8 February 2010, it reviewed the organizational structure proposed in 2008 and
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drafted the amendment as shown in Annex-F.5.3.4, where the legal and adjudication office is
upgraded into a Service and the number of positions is increased from 182 to 196.
(2) Past Legislative Reform Initiatives
(a) Initiative by DENR with UNDP Assistance
In 1996 President Ramos created the Presidential Task force on Water Resources
Management and Development (PTFWRDM) under DENR, with assistance from the
United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), to develop a comprehensive water
resources management strategy and to prepare the draft of a bill on water resources in
order to respond to the Water Crisis Act of 1995. In August 1997, the PTFWRDM drew
up a legislative proposal to create a new apex body to take charge of water resources
management and economic regulation of all utilities within the country. The proposal
sought to create the Water Resources Authority of the Philippines (WRAP) as a new
entity to take over the functions, powers and responsibilities of NWRB in addition to
new and broad powers and functions. However, the bill never led to the Committee
hearing stage, and the task force was disbanded in 2002. The new WRAP bill, i.e.,
Senate Bill No. 799, was filed with the Public Service Committee of the Senate during
the 14th Congress (2007-2010).
(b) Initiative by NEDA with IBRD Assistance
A policy report prepared by NEDA for the International Bank for Reconstruction and
Development (IBRD) in 1996 recommended that economic regulations (regulation of
water service providers) should be separated from resource management (regulation of
water utilization including the issuance of water permits and enforcement of laws) and
proposed the creation of the Water Regulatory Commission (WRC) as an independent
economic regulatory body. The farmers envisaged that water resources regulation would
still remain with NWRB while the WRC would devote itself to purely economic
regulation. However, the WRC draft bill never reached the Committee hearing stage. In
the 14th Congress (2007-2010) Senate Bill No. 519, which proposed to create the WRC
was referred to two Senate committees where it remained pending.
(c) Conflict of Two Bills (WRAP and WRC)
Both bills, the WRAP (by DENR) and the WRC (by NEDA), intended to strengthen the
country’s economic regulatory framework but the underlying principles are divergent.
While the WRC separates the resources regulatory functions from economic regulation,
the WRAP is an apex body incorporating both functions. Both bills drafted at almost the
same period by two different executive departments were funded by two different donor
agencies.
However, there was not enough consultation done with the different stakeholders
regarding the two bills. Many stakeholders were very worried about the powers vested
in the WRAP and raised their objections with some resorting to lobbying against the bill
with their Congress allies. Without enough consultation, the WRC bill filed later also
failed to get active support from the stakeholders including the main sector players such
as NWRB, LWUA, DILG, Philippine Association of Water Districts (PAWD) and LGUs.
For these bills to move forward, the major stakeholders in the sector must agree on the
end result.
(3) Recommendation by NEDA
NEDA, NWRB and GTZ jointly recommended a regulatory reform of the water supply sector
in the Philippines in November 20084). The theme of the recommendation is as summarized
below.
(a) NWRB shall continue to exist purely as a resource management regulatory agency after
the WRC has been formed. During the interim period or prior to the creation of WRC, it
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shall continue to function as a resource and economic regulator and shall be strengthened
to be able to improve both functions. NWRB shall also start discussions with the other
economic regulators to harmonize functions and start the deputizing process.
(b) LWUA should continue to function as a specialized funding agency and a provider of
technical and management assistance to all types of water utilities. All WDs issued with
the Conditional Certificate of Conformance (CCC) should be automatically granted an
operating license by WRC.
(c) A special law creating WRC should be enacted by the government purely for economic
regulation of the sector. All types of water utilities should be under the ambit of WRC
except those created under special laws.
5.3.6 Present Status of IWRM and River Basin Organization
(1) IWRM as National Policy
The Medium-Term Philippine Development Plan (MTPDP) for 2004-2010 adopted the
Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) through the river basin approach as the
general strategy for water resources management. In this regard, the creation of river basin
organizations or any appropriate authority was identified as a specific strategy to manage
water resources. MTPDP 2004-2010 envisages that water resources management is a society’s
responsibility, sharing transparent and fully integrated planning of the whole stretch of the
river system considering all upstream and downstream users.
(2) Current Situation of RBO
In the Philippines River Basin Organizations (RBO) were established as authority, council,
commission or board in the past for four river basins, namely; Laguna Lake Development
Authority (LLDA) in 1969; the Bicol River Basin Council in 1973; the Agno River Basin
Development Commission; and the Bohol Integrated Water Resources Management
Board (BIWRMB) in 2007. A non-government multi-sector body, PCEEM Davao
Foundation Inc., has been also functioning to assist protection and/or rehabilitation of
watersheds and water quality management of the Talomo-Lipadas Watersheds (TLWs) since
2002. There is a move to establish the Agusan River Basin Authority, the Cagayan River
Basin Authority, and several river basin development authorities drafted as House Bills in
2009.
There is no official river basin organization for Pampanga river basin at present. The Upper
Pampanga River Basin (UPRB) Coordination Council was established by the Province of
Nueva Ecija collaborated with the Central Luzon State University, NIA and others in 2002,
but there is no official report of activities in NEDA Region III. The present status of
activities of the RBOs is summarized in Table 5.3.1.
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Table 5.3.1 Existing and Planned River Basin Management Organizations
River Basin Presence of River Basin Authority/Council/Commission/RBO
Pasig-Laguna Lake River  Laguna Lake Development Authority (RA No. 4850-1969), Presidential Decree
Basin (2,520 km2) No. 813, 1975, LLDA under DENR
Bicol River Basin  Bicol River Basin Council (EO No. 412-1973)
(3,771 km2)  Bicol River Basin PMO (EO No. 359-2004)
 Bicol River Basin and Watershed Management Project, Phase II, World Bank,
planned
Agno River Basin  The then existing Agno River Basin Development Commission was abolished,
(5,952 km2) but movement to reactivate to create Agno River Basin Development Authority,
draft House Bill Nos. 2379 and 2498
Bohol Province (Island of  Bohol IWRM Board (Executive Order No. 10, 2007, Province), to materialize
4,177 km2) Bohol Environment Code of 1998
Agusan River Basin  Agusan River Basin Authority, proposed with a draft bill in the Master Plan for
(10,921 km2) the Agusan River Basin Project, Final Report, 2007
Cagayan River Basin  Cagayan River Basin PMO (EO No.474-2008)
(25,469 km2)  Draft House Bill No. 5090 creating Cagayan River Basin Authority
Pampanga River Basin  UPRB Coordination Council established in 2002 but no activities
(10,434 km2)  PRCS-PMO (Project Flood Control Cluster 2) of DPWH Region III for flood
control exists
 Integrated Water and Soil Resources Management (IWSRM) proposed by
NEDA-Region III
(3) Types of RBO

The RBOs are classified into five types in terms of dimension of functions or authority as
shown in Table 5.3.2. Type-1 has the broadest and strongest functions while Type-5 has
narrow functions.
Table 5.3.2 Types of RBO
Type
Functions/Authority in the River Basin
1 2 3 4 5
To make policy, plan, coordinate, implement all projects concerned ○
To make policy, plan, coordinate, implement river-related projects
○
together with River Basin Management Office
To regulate and monitor water rights ○ ○ ○ ○
To prepare water resources development plan for the basin’s water rights ○
To advocate IWRM and monitor water and watershed environment ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
To operate and maintain river and hydraulic structures ○ ○ ○
Note ○: Function included.
The existing as well as the planned and studied RBOs in the Philippines and two practices in
Australia and Japan are classified in Table 5.3.3 based on the corresponding functions.
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Table 5.3.3 Types of River Basin Organization in the Philippines and Other Countries
Philippines
Type Other Counties
Existing Studied/Planned
1. Statutory body for integrated area Ifugao-Isabela River
LLDA (1966,
development and management of Basin Development
amended in 1975)
all infrastructures Authority(House Bill)
Bicol River Basin
Council (1973),
2. Statutory body for policy making,
Implementation by Agusan River Basin
planning, coordinating all
Bicol River Basin Authority, etc.
inter-agency activities
Management Office
EO No. 359 (2004)
Bohol IWRM Board
3. Statutory coordination body for
(2008), Agusan River Basin
advocating IWRM and monitoring
PCEEM-Davao Inc. Authority
watershed environment
(2002)
4. National agency for water Murray-Darling Basin
resources management of the Authority, Australia
specified basin (2008)
5. National agency for construction
Japan Water Agency
and O&M of facilities in the
(2003)
specified basin
The Laguna Lake Development Authority (LLDA) is classified as Type-1 RBO, but it is a
body for integrated area development. LLDA has an extremely broad and powerful
functions particularly in planning and regulating all kinds of infrastructure and not limited to
advocating water resources and environmental management. The functions of Type-2 RBO
are broad and similar to Type-1 although its services are focused on water-related projects in a
river basin or a tributary of a river basin. The Bohol IWRM Board classified as Type-3 is a
statutory coordination body for advocating IWRM and monitoring watershed environment and
its functions are limited to mainly management of watershed environment and water quality.
The PCEEM-Davao Foundation Inc. classified as Type-3 is an NGO for multi-sector
collaboration through networking and collaboration of local stakeholders. The Agusan River
Basin Authority (ARBA) aims to integrate comprehensive land use and water use plan and
also to integrate the ARB Master Plan to the Local Government Code, but its functions are
limited to coordination.
(4) Functions of RBOs in the Philippines and Other Countries
Type-1 and Type-2 RBOs in the Philippines are basically different from those operating in the
advanced countries such as Australia and Japan, in particular. Type-1 and Type-2 will create
a new layer of authority due to their broad functions which overlaps with the functions of
RDCs or NEDA Regional offices or other line agencies. Type-3, Type-4 and Type-5 will not
create any overlapping authority with the line agencies, in principle.
The water rights administration has been linked with the River Basin Water Resources
Development Plan (the Basin Plan) in Type-4 and Type-5, and there is no such legal
arrangement in the Philippines. For example, the Basin Plan, which is linked with water
rights of a river basin, is under the mandate of the National River Administrator, Ministry of
Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, Japan. The NWRB explains that the micro and
macro framework of water rights is not delineated well by a river basin unit in the Philippines.
The micro framework of water rights is a management framework to issue respective water
permits (water rights), while the macro framework is a management framework to regulate
water rights allocation and conflicts in a region from a part of the basin to the whole basin
between more than two water rights based on the water resources policy. Allocation of
functions of operation and management of a river and the hydraulic structures is not well
defined between the national government and the local governments in the Philippines, and
this underlines the basic difference of functions of the RBOs.
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(5) Recommendation by NWRB and Apprehension by NEDA Region III
The National Water Resources Board (NWRB) recommended that a river basin
organization (RBO) should be organized in line with the preparation of the Study. Both the
NWRB and JICA agreed that the creation of an RBO will be to the best interest of the Study6).
The NWRB envisages that the creation of the RBO would materialize the IWRM by a river
basin unit, and a positive effect to reinforce water resources management including water
rights would be gained.
On the other hand, the IWRM Plan concept was accepted as a part of the Medium-Term
Philippine Development Plan (2004-2010) during the Central Luzon Water Summit, but the
creation of an RBO or another organizational structure is not part of NEDA Region III’s plan
because the existing Regional Development Council (RDC) is functioning well at present.
NEDA Region III respects the present mandates of the national and regional line agencies and
local governments keeping them basically unchanged. Strengthening of the existing
institution and organizations is recommended without creating a new layer of authority.
NEDA Region III is apprehensive that the creation of an RBO would create a new layer of
authority whose functions will overlap with the authority of the RDC to coordinate the
implementation of projects concerned with the multiple provinces and sectors.
(6) RBCO
DENR envisaged to be the primary government agency responsible for the conservation,
management, development and proper use of the country’s environment and natural resources,
including those in reservations, watershed areas and lands of the public domain, as well as the
licensing and regulation of all natural resources utilization as may be provided by law. The
River Basin Control Office (RBCO) under DENR orchestrates and provides the overall
direction and technical assistance in the implementation of policies, plans and programs for
the protection, conservation, management and wise use of the country’s river basins. It shall
ensure effective and efficient improvement of all mandates and provision of EO 510.
The RBCO proposed to establish the National River Basin Commission (NRBC) chaired by
the DENR secretary which is to be supported by RBCO, Water Resources Management
Bureau (a line bureau), River Basin Organization (RBO), DENR-RENRO (Regional
Environmental and Natural Resources Office), etc., in March 20075). This proposal, however,
was cancelled in 2009.
Since February 2010 the NWRB has been attached to DENR and RBCO is scheduled to be
merged with the River Basin Development Division of NWRB as proposed in the
organizational structure (refer to Section 5.3.5(1), Annex-F 5.3.3 and Annex-F 5.3.4) based on
the Rationalization Plan submitted to DBM for approval.
(7) Proposed House Bills Creating River Basin Authority
Five (5) House bills were drafted for creating the river basin authorities infringing the concept
of managing the whole stretch of a river system. House Bill No. 927 (An Act creating the
Ifugao-Isabela River Basin Authority), No. 1299 (the Zamboanga River Development
Authority), No. 1338 (the Iloilo and Muelle Loney Development Authority), No. 1810 (Each
City or Municipality to create a River Basin Development Authority), No. 3199 (Each City or
Municipality to create a River Basin Development Authority) cover only cities and tributaries
of the major river basins. House Bill No. 5090 creating the Cagayan River Basin Authority is
consistent with the MTPDP.
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1) Chapter 7, Water Supply and Sanitation, Policy and Institutional Framework, Philippines Meeting
Infrastructure Challenges, the World Bank Group in the Philippines, Public-Private infrastructure Advisory
Facility, December 2005, P110.
2) Further Amending Certain Sections of Republic Act No. 6395 entitled “An Act Revising the Charter of the
National Power Corporation” as amended by Presidential Decree Nos. 380, 395 and 758, Section 13,
Non-profit character of the Corporation; Exemption from All Taxes, Duties Fees, Imports and Other Charges
by the Government and Government Instrumentalities.
3) Organizational Performance Indicator Framework, FY 2008 Performance Budget of Department/Agencies,
Sustaining Philippine Expenditure Management Reform, Department of Budget and Management,
December 2007
4) The Philippine Water Supply Sector Road Map, November 2008, pp 179-181
5) DENR, RBCO, The Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan (IRBMDMP),
March 2007, pp 65-79
6) Item 10(3) River basin organization of Minute of Meetings on Implementation Arrangement of the Study
(March 14, 2008)
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Chapter 6. Problems and Issues on IWRM in Pampanga River Basin
6.1 General
A variety of approaches are being made for water resources development and management in
Pampanga river basin to address the issues/problems in the various water-related sectors such as water
allocation/distribution, flood/sediment disaster management, watershed management and water-related
environmental management. It has been confirmed that some of the issues/problems are not latent in
a single sector but they extend over several sectors, through the field reconnaissance and discussions
in the official meetings including the steering committee meetings, the TWG meetings and the
stakeholder meetings. The details of the problems and issues are as described hereinafter.
6.2 Agriculture/Irrigation and Fishery Development
The principal issues in this sector are as described below.
6.2.1 Water Shortage
The most serious problem in the existing irrigation system involves the AMRIS, which relies on the
Angat multipurpose dam reservoir as the water source. The priority of water distribution from the
dam reservoir is given to municipal water supply for Metro Manila, and the AMRIS has been hardly
supplied with adequate irrigation water from the reservoir. Moreover, since the storage capacity of
the existing Bustos Dam which functions as the afterbay for Angat Dam is not enough to regulate the
daily fluctuation caused by hydropower generation at Angat Dam, the AMRIS could not effectively
utilize the full water from the Angat Dam.
Water shortage is also observed in many paddy fields served by the existing national and communal
irrigation systems. The main reasons of water shortage are: (a) the recent climate change causing
unstable rainfall pattern; (b) the limited water resource development; (c) the deterioration of irrigation
facilities due to insufficient maintenance; and (d) the lack of small small-scale irrigation systems
including water impounding facilities, etc. In addition, the degradation of the watershed due to
illegal logging and slash/burn agriculture is deemed to be also one of the reasons of unstable water
resource for irrigated cultivation.
6.2.2 Delay of Large-Scale Irrigation Development Projects
In Pampanga river basin, there are various plans of irrigation development including the national
irrigation systems, the communal irrigation systems and the small-scale irrigation developments. The
major large-scale projects are: (a) the Casecnan Multipurpose Irrigation and Power Project-Irrigation
Component (CMIPP-IC), Phase 2; (b) the Balintingon Reservoir Multipurpose Project (BRMP); and
(c) the Balog-Balog Multipurpose Project (BBMP), Phase II. However, the implementation of these
projects has been either suspended or delayed mainly due to budgetary constraints accelerated by the
rapid escalation of cost of construction materials and/or the unstable security condition at the project
sites.
6.2.3 Low Irrigation Efficiency
The current low irrigation efficiency is caused by various reasons such as: (a) deterioration of canals
and related facilities due to lack of maintenance; (b) insufficient water control facilities including
discharge measuring devises; and (c) high water conveyance loss in the unlined canals. The low
irrigation efficiency leads to the low collection efficiency on irrigation service fees.
The lack of proper water management activities both by the farmers and the related agencies is also
identified as one of the reasons of the low irrigation efficiency. In order to enhance such low irrigation
efficiency, capacity development and the introduction of new water-saving technologies is required.
It has been pointed out in the stakeholder meetings that the role of the LGUs is weak, especially in the
implementation and operation of communal irrigation systems.
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6.2.4 Deterioration of Water Quality in Fishponds
The Pampanga delta is the biggest aquaculture area in the nation, and hence aquaculture in the
fishponds is one of the most important industries in Region III. The major issue on the management
of fishponds involves two aspects of water quality, namely; (1) the water pollution load generated by
the effluent and garbage from the factories, settlement areas, livestock industry and the various point
pollutant sources in the upper reaches of the fishponds; and (2) the pollution load generated by the
fishponds themselves, which leads to the pollution of the Manila Bay. In addition, it has been also
pointed out in the stakeholder meeting that sulfate in the groundwater has increased due to the eruption
of Mt. Pinatubo.
6.2.5 Depletion of Groundwater
Depletion of the groundwater has been reported in the Bulacan, Pampanga and Nueva Ecija provinces
due to the increasing pump installations for irrigation, fishpond operation and domestic water supply.
Such depletion of the groundwater is further accelerated because of the inadequate groundwater use
regulation. Depletion of groundwater has caused saltwater intrusion into the pump irrigation systems
in some areas in the Pampanga and Bulacan provinces.
6.2.6 Flood Damage to Irrigation System and Fishpond
Frequent flood damage and poor drainage condition due to the degradation of drains and the related
facilities in the existing agricultural land are the reasons of low and unstable production, especially in
lower Pampanga and its tributaries. The flood damages in the fishpond area have been also reported
in the stakeholder meeting.
6.3 Municipal Water Supply, Sanitation and Sewerage
6.3.1 Inadequate Water Supply Source
The present municipal water supply in the study area is inadequate against the incremental water
requirements accelerated by the growing population. Likewise, the wells tend to diminish their
impounding water and some of them have already dried up due to the unregulated groundwater
extraction. Some water wells in the coastal areas of Bulacan and Pampanga are left unused because
of saltwater intrusion. The high percentage of unaccounted water was also identified as one problem
in the water shortage caused by the pipe leakages and the excessive water use of unmetered and illegal
connections.
6.3.2 Unsafe Water Supply
As described in the Subsection 4.3.1, about 17% of the households in the study area is unable to access
to safe drinking water (refer to Table 4.3.1 and Annex-F. 4.3.1). The difficulties in accessing safe
drinking water could be attributed to the following four (4) principal factors:
(1) The unsanitary toilets where the leachate from human waste directly penetrate into the ground,
contaminating the groundwater sources;
(2) The poor operation and maintenance of the water sources and distribution system, which lead to
the pipe leaks, the uncared periodic flushing of the pipelines, and the elapsed schedule for well
disinfection specifically for the Level 1 system;
(3) Improper well development, which causes the improper placing of blank and screen casings
during construction, producing water containing sand and other solids; and
(4) Saltwater intrusion on groundwater due to over-extraction.
6.3.3 Increasing Pollution Load in Water Bodies
The problem on the increase of pollution load in the water bodies has been identified as the result of
insufficient water pollution load reduction facilities in the study area. The present sewage from the
household septic tanks flows directly to the water bodies. There exists no municipal wastewater
treatment plant in the study area except for the area of Clark where 80% is covered by the sewerage
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system. The system served 100% of the domestic users while the other industrial and commercial
users are not yet fully served. The present septage disposal system is not properly monitored and
most of the de-sludgers are disposing the untreated sludge at any place, including open dumpsites and
rivers. The water pollution load analysis for the study area has been carried out and the potential
sources of high pollution load have been identified in ten (10) cities/municipalities, including the cites
of Angeles, San Fernando, Malolos, Tarlac and Cabanatuan and the municipalities of Hagonoy,
Baliuag, Calumpit, Mabalacat and Guagua.
6.4 Mitigation for Flood and Sediment Disasters
6.4.1 Occurrence of Chronic and Aggravating Flood Damages
The Regional Disaster Coordinating Committee (RDCC) for Region III recorded the recent flood
damages from 2003 to 2006 in the three provinces of Bulacan, Pampanga and Nueva Ecija, which are
centered in the study area, as shown in Table 6.4.1. According to the flood damage records, these
provinces have suffered from extensive flood damages, which include 30 to 750 thousand of
population affected by flood every year. In 2004, in particular, large flood damages successfully
occurred three times a year.
Table 6.4.1 Recently Recorded Major Flood Damage in Pampanga
Bulacan and Nueva Ecija Provinces
Affected Number of Casualties
Typhoon Time of Flood
Population Dead Injured
Haurot Jul. 2003 163,309 5
Marce Aug. 2004 757,070 14 1
Violeta Nov. 2004 9,562 2
Winnie Nov. 2004 537,058 16 2
Toyong Nov. 2004 324,498 8 2
Labuyo Sep. 2005 43,631
Glenda Jul. 2006 30,831
Mienyo Oct. 2006 34,045 1 0
The recent largest flood damage was caused by Typhoon Marce in August 2004. The remote sensing
analysis by Dartmouth Flood Observatory shows that the flood area by Typhoon Marce spreads to
about 1,151km2, which corresponds to about 11% of the whole study area and encompasses a
substantial part of the deltas of Pampanga River and Pasac River. The population, who resides
within the flood area, is estimated at about 920 thousand corresponding to about 15.6% of the whole
population in the study area: Of this total population, about 493 thousand are in Pampanga Province
corresponding to about 53.5% of the whole population in the flooded area. After Pampanga Province,
Bulacan Province has the second largest population of about 361 thousand or 39.2% of the whole
population in the flooded area. Thus, a substantial part of the potential flood inundation areas in
Pampanga river basin are in the Pampanga and Bulacan provinces.
Table 6.4.2 Estimated Extent of Flood Area and Population in the Flood Area
for the Typhoon Marce, Aug. 2004
Flooded Area (km2) Population in the Flooded Areas (2)
Province Populated Populated
Other areas Total Other areas Total
area (1) area
Pampanga 27.7 595.2 623.0 439,665 53,024 492,689 (53.5%)
Bulacan 16.1 212.8 228.8 335,195 25,744 360,938 (39.2%)
Nueva Ecija 2.7 228.8 231.5 33,716 16,439 50,155 (5.5%)
Tarlac 0.7 60.6 61.3 10,206 4,699 14,905 (1.6%)
Others 0.1 6.3 6.3 866 555 1,420 (0.2%)
Total 47.3 1,103.7 1,151.0 819,647 100,461 920,108 (100.0%)
Note: (1) The “populated area” in the above table is the area defined as the “built-up area” or “settlement area” shown
in the topographic map (1:50,000) prepared by NAMRIA and JICA in 2008.
(2) Population in the flood area = (Flooded area) x (Population density)
Source: Flooded Area: Dartmouth Flood Observatory (http://www.dartmouth.edu/~floods/)
Population Density for the populated area and other areas: Population Census by NSCB
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6.4.2 Insufficient Structural Capacity for Flood Mitigation
As stated above, serious flood damage occurs almost every year in the study area, and it is unevenly
distributed to Pampanga and Bulacan Province. One of the principal causes of such frequent and
large-scale flood damage could be attributed to the extremely small river flow capacity and the large
siltation of river channels as described below.
(1) Small River Channel Flow Capacity
The channel flow capacities of the downstream and midstream sections of Pampanga River
were preliminarily estimated, as listed in Table 6.4.3, in the previous relevant study on PDDP
FC in 1982. According to the results of estimation, the flow capacities of whole sections of
Pampanga River from Masantol to Cabiao (the stretches of about 14km to 54km upstream
from the river mouth) are evaluated to hardly cope with even the 5-year return period flood.
Table 6.4.3 River Channel Flow Capacity and Probable Peak Runoff Discharge
(unit: m3/s)
Probable Peak Flood Runoff Discharge
Channel Flow
River Stretch 10-year return
Capacity 5-year return period
period
River Mouth – Masantol 4,300 (500)* 2,654 3,517
Masantol – Sulipan 2,200 2,654 3,517
Pampanga Sulipan – Arayat 1,800 2,349 2,731
Arayat – Cabiao 2,000 2,424 3,071
Cabiao - San Isidro 2,500 2,408 3,051
Angat Calumpit - Expressway Bridge 900 737 854
San Fernando Sexmoan - San Fernando 200 272 363
Note: *: The channel flow capacity for this stretch of about 15km was increased from 500 to 4,300 m3/s through
PPDP-Phase I in 2003
Source: Feasibility Report on the Pampanga Delta Development Project, 1982, JICA)
(2) Prolonged Large Sediment Runoff

Mt. Pinatubo, which is located in the southwestern part of the study area, erupted in 1991 and
produced an extremely large volume of lahar runoff. Of the lahar produced by the eruption,
there still remains a volume of about 900MCM in the upper reaches of the river basin, from
which the sediment continues to flow to the downstream river stretches.
The current sediment runoff volume into the river channel is estimated at about four times of
those before eruption of Mt. Pinatubo. A substantial part of these present larger sediment
runoff would accumulate in the river channel causing reduction of the channel flow capacity,
unless certain countermeasures are taken such as the river dredging to remove the sediment
and reforestation to reduce the sediment runoff.
6.4.3 Increment of Flood Damage Potential
The aforesaid flood damages in Pampanga river basin were evaluated, in the stakeholder meetings, to
be further aggravated in the future due to the complex factors such as:
(1) Increase of surface runoff-discharge due to the expansion of the built-up area and poor watershed
management;
(2) Increase of the assets/properties in the flood hazard area caused by the unplanned and/or rapid
urban expansion;
(3) Encroachment of illegal settlers into the waterways;
(4) Unregulated quarrying in the river channels; and
(5) Climate change.
6.4.4 Inadequate Information and Knowledge on Flood Mitigation
The following issues were pointed out in the stakeholder meetings:
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(1) Inadequate real-time information on flood: The necessary information on flood forecasting and
warning is hardly disseminated to the residents on the real-time base during flood time.
(2) Inadequate information on flood hazard area: Information on the flood hazard areas is seldom
provided to the residents.
(3) Untimely release of dam water: There is a risk when the existing dams release excessive
discharge leading to man-made floods.
(4) Garbage disposal into the waterways: A large volume of garbage is being dumped into the rivers
and drainage channels hampering the safe flood flow.
6.4.5 Weakness in Institutional Set-up
The weakness in the institutional setup of flood and sediment disaster management was pointed out as
one of the principal issues in the stakeholder meetings, including: (1) the lack of proper coordination
among the relevant government agencies; and (2) the political intervention on the planning and
implementation of the flood/sediment management project.
6.5 Watershed Management
6.5.1 Watershed Degradation
The extent classified as forestland1 in the study area is about 359,550 ha or 34.5% of the entire
catchment area. On the other hand, the actual forest cover in the study area is limited to 187,540 ha or
17.9% of the entire catchment area based on the satellite images in 2005 (refer to Annex-F 6.5.1). Thus,
the actual forest cover is far smaller than the classified forest land. The following items could be
enumerated as the principal reasons for such limited forest cover in the study area.
(1) Poverty and Lack of Livelihood Opportunities
The continuing degradation of the watersheds can be traced to the cycle of poverty and
resource misuse and abuse. This stems from the lack of income-earning opportunities in the
lowlands, which continues to drive migrants into the uplands in search of livelihood. While
exerting pressure on already dwindling and fragile resources, this spawns a rise in destructive
activities in forestlands, such as timber poaching and unsustainable harvesting of forest
resources, encroachment and illegal land use, and destructive cultivation practices, e.g.,
“kaingin” (slash-and-burn) farming. These, in turn, exacerbate the problems of soil erosion,
forest fires, lowland flooding, prolonged droughts and unproductive lands, with dire
consequences in terms of social and economic costs to both upland and lowland dwellers. This
perpetuates the endless cycle of resource abuse and further impoverishment among the poor
occupants of the basin.
(2) Absence of Harmonized Protected Area Plans
The absence of harmonized plans leads to illegal and conflicting land uses, along with the
consequent habitat destruction and bio-diversity loss in these sensitive areas. Of the eight (8)
initial components of the NIPAS, comprising an aggregate area of more than 200,000ha, only
two (2) PAs, namely; Pantabangan-Carranglan WFR and Talavera WFR, have Initial Protected
Area Management Plans but these are neither comprehensive nor updated.
Conduct of thorough resource inventory, cadastral survey, ground delineation and mapping,
and socio-economic censuses in these areas is of urgency. The end in view is to properly
zone, assign appropriate land/resource uses and craft management strategies to adequately
protect the critical habitats. Only then could the PA plans be harmonized with existing forest
land use plans, ancestral domain plans and comprehensive land use plans, as the case may be.
1
The classified forestlands are placed in upland areas with the ground slope of more than 18%, which remains as the
untitled public domains and in the hands of the State
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Among indigenous communities, the single most important issue concerns the violation of the
condition of free prior and informed consent (FPIC), which is required before any project or
undertaking within their ancestral domains. This basic right of the IPs has been guaranteed
under the Indigenous People’s Rights Act (IPRA). However, this is not properly recognized
by most project proponents.
(3) Inadequate Information and Decision Support System
Poor monitoring and evaluation of projects as well as lack of updated data on prevailing
conditions in the watersheds is a major constraint to sound watershed management. There is
no single office that takes responsibility over regular collection and updating of information
about the state of the forest and its resources. A thorough census of the forest occupants has
not been undertaken. Even a basic comprehensive resource inventory has not been
undertaken, particularly, of the ecologically sensitive areas within the basin and the
conservation status of the biological resources. Thus, appropriate management plans have not
also been prepared.
Moreover, there is low appreciation for watershed conservation and protection and the
implications on environmental, social and economic costs. This is due to low awareness by
the general public of the true state of the watershed and its resources, which translates into
low participation in the efforts to conserve and protect them.
6.5.2 Weak Reforestation
Critical watersheds in the basin are rapidly being denuded; yet this is not matched with an aggressive
campaign to reforest and rehabilitate them. Stakeholders identify three (3) reasons for this, namely:
(1) Inadequate Tenure Security
Inadequate tenure security leaves substantial parts of the forestlands as “open access” areas
and therefore susceptible to encroachment and further degradation. Moreover, the constant
shift in forest policies often leads to cancellation of some CBFM agreements, thus
undermining efforts to improve tenurial security. In some cases, inaccurate surveys and
overlapping claims have resulted in resource use conflicts among tenure holders.
(2) Poor Performance of Reforestation Projects
The performance of past and on-going reforestation projects in the basin is below targets.
According to stakeholders, this is due to the following:
 Inappropriate management scheme such as one-time contract growing
 Inadequate technology, e.g., to improve adaptation to prevailing agro-climatic
conditions and to increase the survival rate of planted species
 Inadequate maintenance and protection after planting
 Inadequate seedling nurseries
(3) Inadequate Institutional Capability
The DENR grapples with funding, manpower and logistics constraints such that field
extension work is limited in scale. As a result, organized communities end up not adequately
equipped with technical and management skills to undertake forest protection and
development in their tenured areas. Funding and manpower resource constraints also affect the
effectiveness and competence of the LGUs to undertake devolved watershed functions.
(4) Lack of Incentive for Private Participation and Investment in Forestry Development
The policy of total log ban and the slowdown of wood-based industries is said to be
responsible for poor accomplishment among private forest concessionaires and the lack of
interest by private investors to actively participate in forestry development.
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6.5.3 Poor Institutional Coordination Mechanisms
The poor institutional coordination mechanism is enumerated as one of the principal issues on
watershed management. The major causes of this issue are as explained below.
(1) Conflicting/Overlapping Mandates
Conflict arises due to unclear and overlapping mandate over watershed areas and hinders
cooperation between the DENR and the LGUs. There is a need to strengthen coordination
mechanisms as well as clear delineation of authority at the lowest planning level.
(2) Inadequate Devolution
On one hand, LGUs want full devolution of forest management functions over integrated
social forestry (ISF) and small watershed areas devolved to them under the Local Government
Code. On the other hand, DENR cites that LGUs do not have sufficient means and technical
capability, much less the willingness to undertake the devolved functions.
(3) Political Interference
Stakeholders observe that watershed activities in the basin often take a backseat in favor of pet
political projects such as big infrastructure development. Thus resources for forestry and
environmental conservation projects only come in trickles.
6.6 Water-Related Environment Management
6.6.1 Inadequate Water Quality Data Management
The inadequate water quality data management is enumerated as one of the principal problems on
water-related environment management. The major causes of this problem are as described below.
(1) Poor Water Quality Monitoring
There is a pressing need to rationalize the DENR’s water quality monitoring system in order
to generate sufficient reliable data that would reflect the true status of water quality in the
basin. At the moment, the DENR-Environmental Management Bureau (EMB) in Region III
monitors only a few surface water bodies. However, frequency of sampling is rather
irregular and sampling locations were not adequate. While at times sampling was conducted
on a quarterly basis, the timing of sampling events at various locations was neither consistent
nor synchronized across the different monitoring points of the river system. Sampling is also
done with the least consideration of natural hydrologic boundaries or seasonal variations in
rainfall intensity and river flows.
The water bodies presently being monitored regularly are the main Pampanga River, San
Fernando River and others, though with lesser regularity, including Minalin River, Porac
River and Angat River. Sampling stations are located mostly in the downstream reaches.
There is no station in the upstream and midstream reaches, or where potential pollution
sources are suspected to enter these river systems.
The parameters monitored with more or less regularity include only the conventional
physico-chemical parameters such as pH, temperature, color, turbidity, DO, BOD, TSS, TDS.
Occasionally fecal and total coliform levels were analyzed.
The DENR-EMB III also monitors drinking water quality in selected urban areas through its
Tap Watch Program. Sampling however is done randomly from taps and distribution lines
but not production wells.
In addition to conventional physico-chemical parameters, stakeholders identified the need to
monitor other important parameters in surface and ground waters, if there is reason to suspect
possible contamination such as heavy metals, oil and grease and nitrates and phosphates,
pesticides, PCBs and other persistent organic pollutants (POPs).
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(2) Inadequate Inventory of Pollution Sources
A complete inventory of the pollution generators in the basin has not been made. The
particular concern is oriented to the identification and assessment of pollution loads from
potentially pollutive industries and commercial establishments. Stakeholders identify
gasoline stations/depots, fast food restaurants, food processing plants and commercial
livestock farms among the most problematic industries in the basin. The DENR-EMB III
estimates that less than 10% all the industries and commercial establishments operating in the
basin are compliant with the ECC requirements and regularly submits the required
self-monitoring reports.
All hazardous waste generators also need to be inventoried, including hospitals and electronic
manufacturing industries. There is no toxic chemical manufacturer in the basin.
Stakeholders pointed out the need to regulate the final disposal systems used by service
companies that treat hazardous commercial and industrial wastes or conduct periodic
de-sludging of residential septic tanks.
(3) Poor Data Storage and Management
There is a need to upgrade the DENR-EMB III’s office facility, manpower capability and data
storage system. This would facilitate systematic data retrieval and use to inform
management decisions regarding water quality.
At the moment, the task of generating field monitoring data and storing these properly along
with SMRs that are regularly submitted by industries is overwhelming enough for an office
that is severely under-staffed and under-resourced.
6.6.2 Contamination of Surface Water, Groundwater and Coastal Water
In the basin, there are the potential sources of point- and non-point pollutions including domestic,
industrial, livestock and aquaculture (fishpond) wastes.
In the present study, BOD pollution loads were estimated in order to assess the present and future
conditions of water quality of the basin in terms of organic pollutants that enter surface water bodies.
Initial estimates indicate that in 2008, about 50% of BOD pollution loads came from domestic sources,
26% from fishponds, 14% from industries and 9% from livestock. Agriculture contributed only 1%
of the total BOD load. The basin contributes an estimated BOD pollution load of 103,000 tons/year
entering Manila Bay.
Contamination of groundwater due to saline intrusion is of particular concern in the coastal areas of
Bulacan and Pampanga. Studies have confirmed that the extent of saline intrusion has extended
inland up to 20 to 30km from Manila Bay, even as far as the municipality of Sto. Tomas, Pampanga.
Stakeholders agree that contamination of water resources in the basin could be due to the causes
described below.
(1) Inadequate Sewerage Treatment and Sanitation Facilities
As described in Subsection 4.3.4, only one complete sewage treatment plant (STP), namely;
the one owned by Clark Water Corporation, operates in the study area. It caters to 80% of the
residential and business locators in the Clark Special Economic Zone (CSEZ). On the other
hand, a piped sewerage system in Cabanatuan City is now in place. It will eventually be
connected to a treatment facility, which is designed to serve 12% of the urban population by
the year 2015. Other than these developments, most residential and business establishments
lack these basic pollution control facilities required by regulations pursuant to the National
Sanitation Code and the Clean Water Act.
Residential and commercial septic tanks are emptied every five years or so by a handful of
private de-sludging companies that operate in the basin. However, stakeholders point out
that the wastes end up, not in sanitary landfills, but in unsanitary disposal facilities of the
de-sludgers or worse, dumped in water bodies without the benefit of any treatment.
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Moreover, at least 12% more of the basin’s population do not have access to basic toilet
facilities.
(2) Pollution from Industrial, Agricultural and Aquaculture Wastes
Besides organic pollution from wastewater and sludge, industries may also be contributing
non-organic pollutants, possibly heavy metals, grease, oil, phenols, and others. A complete
inventory of pollutive industries and their production processes would help identify the nature
and impact of potential contaminants. The stakeholders identified San Fernando River,
Abacan River, Angat River, Quitangil River and Sapang Balen among the most problematic
receiving water bodies of industrial and livestock pollution.
Along with industries, agricultural (especially rice and vegetable) cultivation in the basin may
be dispersing persistent organic pollutants (POPs) owing to massive use of agri-chemical
inputs in the basin. However, a preliminary research conducted by Philrice failed to show
any detectable level of agro-chemical pollutants in water samples from selected paddies and
farm wells in Nueva Ecija.
In terms of organic pollution from agriculture, commercial fishponds appear to be contributing
the most BOD load. However, the DA-BFAR regional representatives point out during
stakeholder consultations that in recent years, the use of probiotics as feeds has gained wide
acceptance among fishpond owners and operators. Probiotics are said to be more
environment friendly than conventional feeds, which are responsible for high nutrient loading
and attendant eutrophication of nearby water bodies and fishpond areas.
Livestock waste is extremely problematic in terms of BOD load, considering that Region III is
considered the biggest livestock producer in the country. Presently, a number of commercial
livestock farms are already equipped with small-scale bio-digesters. These farm-level
facilities are able to convert animal manure and other farm wastes into methane for domestic
or communal use as an environment friendly alternative to fossil fuels.
(3) Poor Solid Waste Management
Solid wastes dumped in rivers and creeks pollute as well as clog these waterways. At the
same time, leachate from unsanitary landfills or dumpsites can contaminate surface and
ground waters. Solid waste contributes to the total domestic and industrial pollution loads.
Stakeholders identify the following waterways as hotspots of waste dumping incidents,
namely; San Fernando River, Abacan River, Angat River and Quitangil River.
At present, most LGUs in the basin are still non-compliant with the requirements of the
ESWM Act (RA 9003) pertaining to segregation, establishment of materials recovery facilities
(MRFs), conversion of open dumpsites to controlled dumpsites and much less the provision of
sanitary landfills.
The Clark Waste Management Corp operates the biggest and most ecologically safe sanitary
landfill in the basin, i.e., a 100-ha facility in Sitio Kalangitan, Capas, Tarlac. The SLF is not
operating at full capacity yet but can accommodate the residual as well as hazardous wastes,
including treated sewage of all the LGUs in the basin. However, it now serves only the cities
and municipalities of Tarlac and five others in Pampanga and Bulacan. The rest of the LGUs
could hardly afford the tipping fee charges and are considering to cluster so as to save on
related transport costs, if not put up a SLF of their own.
(4) Over-Extraction of Groundwater
Saline intrusion is believed to be caused by the over-extraction of groundwater in the coastal
zone. The unregulated use of groundwater for irrigation and aquaculture production is said
to have aggravated the situation.
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(5) Siltation of Rivers
Rapid denudation of the uplands is responsible for sedimentation and siltation of water bodies.
Monitoring results confirm the high TSS values in Pampanga, San Fernando and Angat
Rivers.
(6) Illegal Settlements along River Easements
Waste dumping is exacerbated due to heavy encroachment of informal settlers, especially
along the banks of San Fernando and Angat Rivers. More often than not, the unsanitary
toilet conditions in urban poor settlements further aggravate the pollution problem and the
resulting spread of water-related diseases.
6.6.3 Institutional Constraints
There exist the institutional constraints in this sector including the factors mentioned below.
(1) Inadequate Institutional Capability
With the passage of the Clean Water Act, the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act and the
strengthened Philippine EIS system, the DENR-EMB has taken on an ever expanding role as a
water quality and pollution regulatory body. Sadly, this has not been matched with
corresponding budgetary and manpower allocation for the agency. As a result, the
effectiveness of programs for environmental management, pollution control and pollution
adjudication is often undermined. Since the DENR-EMB is ill-resourced, understaffed and
under-equipped, the agency’s capability for water sampling and laboratory analysis, let alone
policing of pollution offenders, continues to be a huge and daunting challenge.
(2) Weak Regulatory Enforcement
The real problem in terms of regulations is not the absence or inadequacy of policies and laws.
As discussed above, it is the institutional capability and the insufficiency of mechanisms to
fully enforce them. Reluctantly, even the EMB admits that the “polluters pay” principle can
only be enforced where police power is backed up by full logistics support. At best, the
EMB could only rely on private and community volunteers deputized as pollution control
officers to go after violators.
Thus, in spite of the Supreme Court Mandamus which compels all agencies to get their act
together to clean up Manila Bay of pollution, most agencies in the basin admit the lack of
technical, manpower and financial capacity to comply with their full mandates.
(3) Weak Institutional Coordination
Stakeholders also identified the lack of concrete coordination mechanisms between the
DENR-EMB, the LGUs and other relevant agencies in relation to business regulation among
industries and commercial establishments. The problem arises when industries and
commercial establishments are issued business permits by the Municipal Mayors even in the
absence of ECC, discharge and other pertinent permits from the DENR, sanitation clearance
from the DOH or building permit from the DPWH.
(4) Inadequate Public Awareness
The unabated increase in pollution cases shows that violations of and utter disregard for
anti-pollution and environmental laws continues to persist in most parts of the basin. This
could only indicate a lack of public appreciation, awareness and personal or corporate
commitment to work towards maintaining clean and safe water environment on a sustained
basis. Some agencies have on-going IEC programs that bear on ecological sustainability
though these tend to be limited and piecemeal. Stakeholders agree that there is a need for
intensive and coordinated environmental awareness drive targeting the young generation.
6.7 Water Resources Development, Allocation and Distribution
The main problems and issues have been identified as described below.
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6.7.1 Sustainable Water Source for Municipal Water Supply
The water source of municipal water supply in Pampanga river basin currently relies on the
groundwater. The results of water balance between groundwater potential and demand show that the
expected water demand is more than groundwater potential in some cities and municipalities,
especially in the lower Pampanga river basin. This is mainly because of rapid increase of population
and may be associated with saltwater intrusion and land subsidence.
The main concern on groundwater source is: if the present and future level 2 and 3 municipal and
industrial water supply, which could abstract a large volume of groundwater, will affect sustainability
of groundwater sources. The sustainably usable groundwater (referred to as GWPDG1) against the
demand of level 2 and 3 municipal and industrial water use (referred to as DG1) is determined
considering both the usage of groundwater except for level 2 and 3 municipal and industrial water
supply and the possible saltwater intrusion. The present and future risk on groundwater usage is then
evaluated as shown in the following table, considering the possible range of groundwater recharge.
Table 6.7.1 Evaluation of Present and Future Risk for Groundwater Usage
Condition Evaluation
DG1 < GWP-LDG1 No risk
GWP-LDG1 < DG1 < GWP-HDG1 At risk
GWP-HDG1 < DG1 At high risk
Note: GWP-L: GWP for which groundwater recharge rate is assumed to be 5% of average annual
precipitation.
GWP-H: GWP for which groundwater recharge rate is assumed to be 12% of average annual
precipitation.
The following are noted from the evaluation:

 It is evaluated that, at present, among seventy-six (76) municipalities/cities inside the study area,
nine (9) municipalities/cities are at high risk and eleven (11) are at risk. Many
municipalities/cities located at lowland areas in Bulacan, as well as Angeles and San Fernando
in Pampanga are at high risk (refer to Annex-T6.7.1 and Annex-F6.7.1).
 In future (2025), it is expected that eighteen (18) municipalities/cities in the provinces of
Bulacan and Pampanga would be at high risk and twelve (12) including Tarlac and Cabanatuan
would be at risk (refer to Annex-T6.7.1 and Annex-F6.7.2).
In some WDs in Bulacan Province, the deterioration of water quality has already exceeded the
tolerable level for drinking purpose due to saltwater intrusion. In these WDs, it is necessary to
convert groundwater source to either residual groundwater source at adjacent municipality/city or
surface water source as soon as possible. In fact, the bulk water supply project in Bulacan was
proposed more than 10 years ago, but has not yet been implemented.
For other areas, no clear tendency which shows deterioration of water quality has been observed in
general. Therefore, for the time being, groundwater could be abstracted by utilizing mining yield
even if the demand exceeds the potential. However, this should be minimized considering the
sustainability of aquifer and groundwater resources. At least, it is necessary to consider the
possibility of conversion of groundwater source to another source, such as residual groundwater
source at adjacent municipality/city and surface water, in the place where the groundwater usage is at
high risk.
Periodical intensive groundwater monitoring is also required. If it will be judged that there is
continuous lowering of the groundwater level in a place where the groundwater usage is at risk, then
conversion of source from groundwater to residual groundwater or surface water of the adjacent
municipality/city is also possible.
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The deficit of sustainable groundwater source in 2025 for municipal water supply in the place where
the groundwater usage is currently at high risk or is expected to be at high risk in future (only in the
study area) is estimated as follows (refer to Annex T 6.7.2).
 Bulacan: 49.8MCM/year
 Nueva Ecija: No deficit
 Pampanga: 67.1MCM/year
 Tarlac: 1.5MCM/year
The development of either residual groundwater source at adjacent municipality/city or surface water
source should be considered for these volumes of water.
6.7.2 Securing Necessary Water Sources for Expansion of Large Irrigation System
In order to support regional economic growth and job opportunities, the expansion of irrigation area in
Pampanga river basin is one of the fundamental strategies in the agricultural sector. The expansion
of irrigation system requires additional water source. There are three (3) proposed water resources
development projects including the construction of large storage dam as follows:
 Balintingon Reservoir Multipurpose Project (BRMP): Irrigation area = 14,900ha
 Balog-Balog Multipurpose Project Phase 2: Irrigation area = 39,150ha
 Gumain Reservoir Project: Irrigation area = 16,750ha
Based on the water balance study in the present study, these storage dams could supply enough water
with 1/5years safety level (80% reliability) for the planned cropping pattern in the target irrigation
areas. However, the existing F/S for Gumain storage dam should be re-studied, considering the
possibility of supplying water for a part of future municipal water use in Pampanga as well as the
effect of the Mt. Pinatubo eruption on the proposed dam site.
6.7.3 Inadequate Reliability of Water Supply in Angat-Umiray System
The Angat-Umiray System currently supplies water for municipal use in Metro Manila, irrigation use
in AMRIS and hydropower generation. However, according to the reservoir operation record of
Angat Dam for the 40-year period from 1968 to 2007, the reservoir water levels dropped below the
lower rule curve in 31 years out of 40 years leading to difficulties in fully supplying the relevant
irrigation and municipal water demand.. The most severe water shortage occurred in 1998, which
caused no irrigation water supply to AMRIS from February to October.
The following main causes of the above inadequate reliability of water supply by Angat-Umiray
System were identified through the analysis of related documents and discussions with the concerned
agencies as well as the water balance study.
(1) Rapid Increase of Water Allocation to Municipal Water Use without Support of Adequate
Water Resources Development
When Angat storage dam was constructed in 1967, the water supply of 9.5m3/s by the dam
reservoir was allocated to the municipal water use for Metro Manila. Since then, however, the
municipal use in Metro Manila has rapidly increased and reached 46m3/s2 in 2001.
In spite of such rapid increment of the municipal water use, the new major water resources
development for Angat dam reservoir was limited to Umiray-Angat trans-basin project, which
was completed in 2000 but hardly covered the full requirement of municipal water use for
Metro Manila.
Due to the rapid increase in municipal water use and the late and limited implementation of
new water resources development, the chronic water shortage in the Angat-Umiray System
2
The water use permit of 46m3/s includes 15m3/s, which is basically a part of the water use permit of irrigation use for
AMRIS but conditionally reallocated to municipal water use for Metro Manila. The said conditional reallocation of
15m3/s is allowed only when the irrigation water use in AMRIS is not affected by it.
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occurs as described above, and a part or the whole of the water allocated to the irrigation use
in AMRIS under Angat-Umiray System has been often reallocated to the municipal water use
for Metro Manila.
(2) Improper Amendment and/or Modification of Water Use Permits
The original water use permit granted for the source of Angat dam reservoir was limited to
49.5m3/s in total, which covered 40m3/s for irrigation water use in AMRIS, and 9.5m3/s for
municipal water use in Metro Manila. However, the original water use permits have been
amended and/or modified several times through a series of resolutions. As the result, the
updated water use permit for Angat-Umiray System has increased to about 76.4m3/s3 due to
increment of the municipal water use for Metro Manila by 21.5m3/s, and for Bulacan Province
by 5.4m3/s.
When the environmental river flow of 2m3/s for the downstream of the Angat dam reservoir is
added to the updated water use permit, Angat-Umiray System is required to supply the water
volume of 78.4m3/s. This required water supply volume is slightly lower than the mean annual
inflow discharge to the Angat-Umiray System (about 85m3/s), but much larger than the
probable annual inflow discharge of 5-year return period (about 64m3/s). Thus, Angat-Umiray
System could not promise to supply the water for its relevant water use permit at the safety
level of 5-year return period. The past amendments and/or modifications of the water use
permit were likely made with less consideration on the supply capacity of the System, and,
they should be one of the principal causes to lower the reliability of water supply in
Angat-Umiray System.
(3) Water Use Permit not Representing Actual Water Demand for Irrigation Water Use
The current practice in granting the water use permit for irrigation use is based on the annual
maximum diversion requirement. However, the actual water demand for irrigation varies
monthly or even weekly depending on farming activities. From this viewpoint, the
reallocation of irrigation water may need to be practiced taking the right volume of water
required for farming activities into account.
(4) Unregulated Peak Hydropower Generation
The peak discharges released by Angat hydropower plant is not coordinated well with
NIA-AMRIS though reservoir operation is always a part of discussion during TWG meetings.
If the capacity of the existing afterbay dams for Angat dam reservoir (i.e., Bustos Dam and
Ipo Dam) is not enough to re-regulate the fluctuating release, the released water could not be
effectively utilized for other purposes such as irrigation and municipal water uses.
According to NWRB, there is no regulation on the peak release from Angat hydropower plant,
although it has been sometimes discussed during TWG meetings on the operation of Angat
storage dam. The proper regulation should be considered to maximize the utilization of the
limited water resources potential in Angat-Umiray System.
(5) Unofficial and Irresponsible Flood Operation Rule of Dam Reservoir
To discuss the available storage volume for municipal and irrigation water uses in Angat
storage dam, it is necessary to fix the necessary storage volume for preventing over-topping of
extreme flood as well as flood control volume. These volumes are usually examined during
the planning stage of the dam reservoir and should be authorized by relevant agencies as a
flood operation rule. In case of Angat storage dam, the Flood Operation Rule prepared in
1984 has not yet been approved but has been used as a practical guide. Because of this, the
study for improving water supply sometimes assumed the different flood control volume so
that more water use could be available. This may lead to misunderstanding among the
stakeholders.
3
The water use permit of 76.4m3/s excludes the volume of 15m3/s, which is conditionally reallocated from irrigation use
in AMRIS to municipal water use in Metro Manila.
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6.7.4 Expected Increase of Conflict among Water Users, especially between Municipal and
Irrigation Water Users
Increase of conflict among water users, especially between municipal and irrigation water users are
easily expected. Necessity of more surface water for both municipal and irrigation water supply in
future is expected. In Pampanga river basin, a large amount of water use permits for irrigation water
use has already been granted to NIA. If one needs to develop new water resources with storage dams,
the existing water use permits should be adjusted considering the actual water use for irrigation.
Otherwise, there will be no available water for additional water permits in the future. Uncertainty on
water resources due to possible climate change in future may also cause the increase of the conflict.
The bitter experience on conflict between municipal and irrigation water use in Angat-Umiray System
should not be repeated in other areas in Pampanga river basin. The improvement of water
governance based on the problems and issues in Angat-Umiray System should be seriously considered
to cope with the expected conflict.
6.8 Institution and Organization
6.8.1 Issue-1: Strengthening of Regulation Capacity for Water Use Permits
In order to attain a more rational and equitable water use permit system, it is required to specify the
seasonal variations of allowable maximum limits of water uses, and the minimum water supply
security level for water uses. At the same time, monitoring on the actual water uses and enforcement
for the proper water uses shall be strengthened.
6.8.2 Issue-2: Enhancement of Efficient Water Use and Re-allocation of Water Use Permits
A detailed implementation rule and regulation (IRR) shall be prepared to clarify the rules, processes,
compensation and all other necessary conditions for lease and transfer of the water use permit so as to
enhance the more efficient water uses.
6.8.3 Issue-3: Modification of Overlapping Water Charge Systems
The Water Code prescribes that NWRB is entitled to collect the water fees and charges for the water
use permit, while the Local Government Code prescribes that the LGU is entitled to collect a share
from the proceeds of water resources within its jurisdiction area. It is required to unify the overlapping
provisions on the water charges in the Water Code and the Local Government Code.
6.8.4 Issue-4: Achievement of Sustainability of Groundwater
In order to enhance the effective groundwater management, it is required to establish the extensive
groundwater monitoring system and to arrange the institutional setup, which is effective to prevent the
excessive groundwater abstraction.
6.8.5 Issue-5: Introduction of Specific Law to Enhance Multipurpose Dam Projects
It is required to establish the legal basis on the allocation rule of cost and reservoir volume for the
multipurpose dam. Such allocation rule would be useful to achieve the rational and equitable water
allocation for irrigation/municipal water use and hydropower generation during a drought.
6.8.6 Issue-6: Enforcement to Maintain Environmental Flow
The environmental river flow is a major determinant of the ecosystem health, while the significance of
the environmental river flow is hardly comprehended and complied with among water users. In order
to retrieve such unfavorable conditions, a legal arrangement would be required to preserve the
minimum environmental river flow.
6.8.7 Issue-7: Strengthening of Water Quality Monitoring and Management
The quality of surface water and groundwater is being deteriorated, while the present management to
monitor and enforce water quality control is not effective. In order to cope with this issue, institutional
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arrangement shall be made to specify the responsibilities of the water users and to empower execution
capacity of the NGAs and LGUs for water quality management including the monitoring system.
6.8.8 Issue-8: Management and Mitigation of Risk from Water-Related Disasters
There is no legal basis to define the responsibility to mitigate risks from floods of each of the water
users concerned. Establishment of the flood control basin plan for the whole river basin or the
concerned river stretch would provide a clue to resolve the issue.
6.8.9 Issue-9: Improvement of Watershed and Forest Management
The functions and territories of watershed management are not well defined among DENR and other
related national/local government agencies. Funds for implementation, maintenance and monitoring
are also limited. Necessity of institutional strengthening has been reported but detailed and concrete
problems and causes about the weak capacity have not been clarified well.
6.8.10 Issue-10: Setup of Authority to Implement the Pampanga River Basin IWRM
It is required to clarify the institutional and legal arrangements in Pampanga river basin to implement
the IWRM Plan in practice.
6.8.11 Issue-11: Strengthening of Execution and Financial Capacity for Sustainability
It is necessary to clarify the responsibilities for the operation and maintenance of the river facilities in
the basin. It is also indispensable to strengthen the financial capacity of both LGUs and the national
government agencies to achieve sustainable IWRM from the regional interests.
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Chapter 7. Guideline for Formulation of IWRM Plan
7.1 General
7.1.1 Objectives of the Guideline
The Guideline aims at attaining the following objectives:
(1) To furnish definite procedures and methodologies for the formulation of the IWRM Plan for
Pampanga river basin;
(2) To serve as a tool for consensus building with the stakeholders on the proposed IWRM Plan
through presenting and obtaining their consent on the outputs in the course of the study; and
(3) To be used as reference and/or standards since a substantial part of the outputs will be useful for
the formulation of IWRM plans for other river basins although the Guideline is particularly
prepared for Pampanga river basin.
7.1.2 Basic Concept of the IWRM Plan
The IWRM would be a flexible tool for optimizing the sustainable development of water resources as
quoted from “Catalyzing Change,” a handbook issued by the Global Water Partnership. The IWRM
is also assumed not to be a goal in itself, but should be an approach to promote the coordinated
development and management of water resources and maximize the resultant economic and social
welfare in an equitable manner without compromising the sustainability of vital ecosystems.
The process of IWRM shall move forward like a spiral with several and different stages starting from
the initial primitive stage toward the mature stages, as shown in Figure 7.1.1. Each of the stages in
the process of IWRM shall cover the sequence of the four (4) steps, namely; (i) assessment of existing
conditions; (ii) planning (i.e., formulation of the IWRM Plan); (iii) implementation of projects for
IWRM; and (iv) monitoring of results of project implementation. Moreover, the accountability to
and synergy with the stakeholders has to be assured through involvement of multi-stakeholders at
every step of the IWRM.
The present stage of the IWRM in Pampanga river basin is the initial spiral stage, and, of the above
four (4) steps, the present study supports those of items (i) and (ii) above. Follow-up activities after the
present study are indispensable to the completion of the initial spiral stage of the IWRM.
Mature Stages
4 1
2
Involvement of
Multi-Stakeholders 3
Stage 3
at 4 1
Every Stage of 2
IWRM Stage 2
3
4 1
Stage 1 Analysis 2
Monitoring
3 Planning
Primitive Stage Implementation
Figure 7.1.1 Process of IWRM
7-1
7.2 Planning Procedures
As stated above, the Guideline is to furnish definite procedures and methodologies for the formulation
of the IWRM Plan for Pampanga river basin. The procedures, together with the methodologies of
plan formulation, are as explained below.
7.2.1 Step 1: Assessment (Identification of Problems and Issues on IWRM)
Assessment of the principal problems and issues on the IWRM for Pampanga river basin shall be
made as the basic approach for the formulation of the IWRM Plan. The problems and issues are
latent in various aspects, such as: (i) water resources development, allocation and distribution for
irrigation, municipal water and other various water demands; (ii) flood and sediment disaster
management; (iii) watershed management; and (iv) other water-related environmental management.
Moreover, some of the problems and issues are not limited into a single sector, but they extend across
several sectors causing inter-sector conflicts.
7.2.2 Step 2: Setting of Planning Framework
The planning frameworks shall be set as preconditions for the formulation of the IWRM Plan. The
principal items of the planning framework are, as follows:
 Target completion year of the entire plan;
 Socioeconomic frames by the target year;
 Visions, objectives and sector goals of IWRM Plan for Pampanga river basin; and
 Ceilings of Project Investment Cost.
Details of the planning framework setup are as described in the following Section 7.3.
7.2.3 Step 3: Selection of Potential Projects for IWRM of Pampanga River Basin
Various government agencies and non-government entities currently implement and/or propose
projects that could cope with the aforesaid issues and/or problems on IWRM and contribute to the
visions, objectives and sector goals of the IWRM Plan. These ongoing and proposed projects shall
be identified as the components of the IWRM Plan.
In addition, conceptual projects, which are essentially required to solve the issues and/or problems but
currently neither implemented nor proposed, shall also be further proposed as components of the
IWRM Plan. Details of the selection of projects for IWRM are as described in Section 7.4.
7.2.4 Step 4: Preliminary Study on Alternative Approaches to Specific Issues
Some of the projects selected as potential components of the IWRM Plan in the above Step3 may
contain several alternative approaches to cope with their own specific issues. The optimum plan
among the alternative approaches should be ideally determined before finalizing of the IWRM Plan.
However, a feasibility study shall be required to determine such optimum plan. On the other hand, the
IWRM Plan would involve numerous projects to attain a variety of water-related development
scenarios; therefore, a feasibility study could be hardly carried out in detail for each of the individual
projects. From this point of view, the IWRM Plan shall take the following fundamental rules into
consideration:
 The feasibility study shall be included as a part of the project and undertaken before the
commencement of physical project works;
 The outline of the project features together with the project investment cost required shall be
provisionally assumed taking the conceptual alternative approaches into account; and
 The preliminary study on the project(s) may be carried out to estimate the most-likely optimum
plan when the project is judged to prominently influence the entire IWRM Plan and, at the same
time, to provide the basic information for the preliminary study are available.
Details of the preliminary study on alternative approaches are as described in Section 7.5.
7-2
7.2.5 Step 5: Grouping of Projects
The projects selected for the IWRM Plan in the above Step3 shall be divided into Group-A and
Group-B to facilitate programming of the project development scenarios mentioned below and the
project implementation schedule and/or the project investment program. The projects in Group-A
have to be implemented in accordance with the basic social and natural requirements regardless of the
amount of project cost. All projects not included in Group-A are classified into Group-B. The
typical projects classified in Group-B are the regional economic development projects and the projects
for mitigation of water-related disasters, which shall be implemented through a special budget during
the specific term(s). Details of the grouping of projects are as described in Section 7.6.
7.2.6 Step 6: Setting of Development Scenarios for Projects in Group-A and their Phased
Implementation Schedule
The target development scenario for projects in Group-A shall be set as prerequisite for the phased
project implementation schedule1. That is, the development scenario shall be firstly delineated and
then, the phased implementation schedule shall be programmed in order to attain the development
scenario. Details of the development scenario for projects in Group-A and their phased
implementation schedules are as described in Section 7.7.
7.2.7 Step 7: Evaluating and Prioritizing of Projects in Group-B
The projects classified into Group-B in the above Step5 shall be evaluated to prioritize them. The
evaluation is to be made for the inter-sector projects which extend over the various water-related
sectors such as (i) agriculture/irrigation and fishery development; (ii) municipal water supply,
sewerage and sanitation; (iii) flood and sediment disaster management; (iv) watershed management;
and (v) water-related environmental management. Details of the evaluation and prioritization of
projects in Group-B are as described in Section 7.8.
7.2.8 Step 8: Development Schedules for Projects in Group-B and their Phased
Implementation Schedule
The phased implementation schedule for projects in Group-B shall be programmed in accordance with
the priority order of projects as evaluated in the above Step7 and the ceiling of project investment cost
for the short-term, medium-term and long-term scenarios. Then, the phased development scenario
shall be delineated as the result of the phased implementation schedule. However, when the
development scenario proposed by the priority order of projects are hardly acceptable by the
stakeholders, the priority order shall be reexamined and certain modifications of the phased
implementation schedule as well as the development scenario shall be made. Details of the
development schedule for projects in Group-B and the phased implementation schedules are as
described in Section 7.9.
7.2.9 Step 9: Formulation of the IWRM Plan for Pampanga River Basin
The implementation schedules, investment programs and development scenarios of the proposed
projects shall be finalized by integrating the outputs given from the above Step6 and Step8, and by
clarifying the following items:
 The phased programs in the short-term (2011-2015), the medium-term (2016-2020) and the
long-term (2021-2025);
 The expected eligible financial sources for the projects;
 The implementation bodies for the projects; and
 The sectors to which the projects would belong, such as (i) agriculture/irrigation and fishery
development; (ii) municipal water supply, sanitation and sewerage; (iii) flood and
1
The phased implementation schedule of a project is herein defined as the project implementation period divided into
the short-term (2011-2015), the medium-term (2016-2020) and the long-term (2021-2025).
7-3
sediment-disaster management; (iv) watershed management; and (v) water-related
environmental management.
Details of formulation of the IWRM Plan for Pampanga river basin are as described in Section 7.10.
7.2.10 Step 10: Formulation of Institutional Setup Plan
The optimum institutional setup plan required to execute the aforesaid spiral processes of IWRM for
the assessment, formulation, implementation and monitoring of the projects shall be also proposed.
7.3 Setting of Planning Framework
As described above, the planning framework shall be set as the precondition for formulation of the
IWRM Plan. The principal items to be included in the planning framework are as described below.
7.3.1 Target Year
The target year is the completion year for all of the proposed projects in the IWRM Plan. In this
study, the target year is set at 2025, and the project implementation period is divided into the following
three terms: (i) Short-term for the period from 2011 to 2015, (ii) Medium-term for the period from
2016 to 2020; and (iii) Long-term for the period from 2021 to 2025.
7.3.2 Socioeconomic Frame
The socioeconomic frame is to present the trend of socioeconomic conditions such as population
growth and growth of GRDP in the study area. These socioeconomic conditions by the above target
year are indispensable to estimate the future municipal water demand, flood damage potential and
other basic information for the formulation of the IWRM Plan.
7.3.3 Visions, Objectives and Sector Goals of the IWRM Plan for Pampanga River Basin
The IWRM Plan shall involve the various multi-water-sector-projects/programs. Hence, inter-sector
visions are proposed as the principal targets common to all proposed projects for the IWRM of
Pampanga river basin. The objectives in the several categories are further assumed to embody the
visions. Moreover, each of the water-related sectors in the IWRM Plan is to be provided with
concrete sector goals, which could enhance the objectives and/or visions.
The principal policies in the existing national and/or regional development programs such as the
MTPDP 2004-2010 and the RPFP 2005-2030 are to be referred in setting the above visions, objectives
and sector goals of the IWRM Plan for Pampanga river basin.
7.3.4 Ceiling for Project Investment Cost
When implementation of the projects excessively concentrates upon any of the short-term,
medium-term and/or long-term, the total project investment cost may exceed the affordable limit of the
national and/or regional budgetary capacity. From this point of view, the approximate ceiling of the
project investment cost is to be provisionally estimated for each of the short-term, medium-term and
long-term projects, referring to the previous actual disbursement for each project.
7.4 Selection of Eligible Projects for IWRM of Pampanga River Basin
There are a large number of water-related projects being currently undertaken and/or proposed by the
various government agencies and private entities in the study area. Of these projects, those which are
judged to be effective to attain the aforesaid visions, objectives and sector goals are selected as the
components of the IWRM Plan. Moreover, the JICA Study Team, in corroboration with the members
of the Steering Committee (SC) and the Technical Working Group (TWG), as well as the other
stakeholders, further worked out the conceptual projects which would be essentially required to cope
with the water-related problems and issues such as water shortage, flood/sediment disaster and the
deterioration of water-related environment. It should be noted that the conceptual projects would
require either further study such as feasibility study or the determination of basic project components
before their implementation. The eligible projects for the IWRM of Pampanga river basin are as
summarized in the table below.
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Table 7.4.1 Projects Eligible for the IWRM of Pampanga River Basin
Ongoing Proposed Conceptual
Sector Total
Projects Projects Plans*
Agriculture/Irrigation and Fishery 14 11 3 28
Municipal Water Supply, Sanitation and Sewerage 3 4 11 18
Flood and Sediment Disaster Management 4 2 4 10
Watershed Management 12 - 4 16
Water-related Environment Management 3 1 4 8
Inter-sector for Water Resources Management - - 4 4
Total 36 18 30 84
Note *: Proposed by JICA Study Team
7.5 Preliminary Study on Alternative Approaches to Specific Issues

As described in Step4 in the foregoing Section 7.2, the IWRM Plan deals with a large number of
projects; therefore, a comparative study on alternative approaches for each of the projects shall be
hardly carried out, in detail, at the stage of formulation of the IWRM Plan. From the above point of
view, the IWRM Plan shall take the three principal rules described in Step4 in Section 7.2 into
consideration.
In the formulation of the IWRM Plan for Pampanga river basin, it is preliminarily assumed that
nine (9) projects among 84 projects would possibly contain alternative approaches. The following
two (2) were further examined as the objectives of the preliminary study (refer to Chapter 10).
 Project for Recovery of Reliability of Water Supply in Angat-Umiray System (Code: IS-C-02)
 Flood Mitigation for Pampanga Delta (Code: FL-C-01)
The above alternative approaches would be compared and the optimum approach shall be selected
from various points of view such as: (i) economic viability as expressed by EIRR and/or the project
least cost; (ii) financial affordability against the project investment cost; (iii) technical viability;
(iv) environmental impacts including those to the natural environment (such as geographic conditions,
vegetation and water quality) and the social environment (such as house resettlement, lapse of right of
land ownership and loss of opportunity); and (v) adaptability to future possible climate changes. The
optimum approach would consist of several projects as components, and these components would be
merged into one project.
7.6 Grouping of Projects
As described in Step5 of the planning procedures in Section 7.2, the potential projects for the IWRM
Plan of Pampanga river basin as selected in Section 7.4 shall be classified into Group-A and Group-B
according to their purposes and/or contents. The details of this classification are as described below.
7.6.1 Group-A
The following projects shall be classified into Group-A:
 The projects for basic human needs like the municipal water supply projects, which are
indispensable to secure the living condition of people;
 The projects, which are indispensable for preservation of the irreversible natural environments
and/or resources; and
 The projects for rehabilitation and/or maintenance of the existing water resources management
facilities, which are indispensable for sustainment of the inherent design capacity of the
facilities.
The projects under the above items have to be implemented in accordance with the social, natural
and/or physical fundamental requirements regardless of the amount of project cost. For instance, the
expansion of a safe municipal water supply system has to be unconditionally required to cope with the
growth of population as the basic human need.
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Moreover, the target development scenarios for the projects in Group-A shall be set as the prerequisite
for implementation of the projects. That is, the development scenarios shall be firstly set, and then
the implementation schedule of the projects shall be programmed to attain the development scenarios.
7.6.2 Group-B
The following projects shall be classified into Group-B:
 The projects for economic development, which could enhance the growth of the regional
economy and/or improvement of the livelihood in the region;
 The projects for mitigation of flood and sediment disasters, which could contribute to better
public welfare and growth of the regional economy; and
 The ad hoc projects, which could support and/or strengthen the annual regular projects
classified into Group-A.
The commencement of the projects for the above items could be optionally selected depending on the
availability of budget for project implementation. The phased implementation schedule of the
projects in Group-B shall be firstly determined taking the following two (2) factors into account:
 The priority order of projects, which could be determined taking the results of inter-sector
project evaluation into consideration; and
 The ceiling of project investment cost for each of the short-term, medium-term and long-term
projects.
After the phased implementation schedule of the projects has been determined, the development
scenarios shall be delineated as the results of the project implementation schedule. However, when
the development scenarios delineated as the results of the project implementation schedule are deemed
to be unjustifiable and/or they are hardly acceptable by the stakeholders, the prioritization of projects
shall be reexamined and a certain modification of the project implementation schedule as well as the
development scenarios shall be made.
7.7 Development Scenarios for Projects in Group-A and their Implementation Schedule
As stated above, the projects classified into Group-A have to be implemented in accordance with the
development scenarios, which shall be determined by the essential social, natural and physical needs
regardless of the amount of project cost. The typical development scenarios and their corresponding
phased implementation schedules for Pampanga river basin are as set forth in Table 7.7.1.
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Table 7.7.1 Typical Development Scenarios by the Projects in Group-A
Sector Development Scenario
Agriculture/ The on-going six (6) annual regular projects for rehabilitation of the existing irrigation facilities shall
Irrigation and be sustained until 2025 so as to improve the agricultural productivities.
Fishery The on-going four (4) annual regular projects for fishery development shall be sustained until 2025
Development so as to improve the fishery productivities.
The water supply capacity of the existing Angat-Umiray System shall be strengthened to promise the
full supply level for municipal water demand in Metro Manila and irrigation water demand in
AMRIS by 2020.
The new bulk water supply system with the capacity of 2.7m3/s for Bulacan Province shall be
developed to cope with the incremental population and preserve the safe water quality for drinking
by 2015.
The new bulk water supply system with the capacity of additional 3.8m3/s for Bulacan Province shall
be developed to cope with the incremental population and preserve the safe water quality for
Municipal Water
drinking by 2025.
Supply, Sanitation
The new bulk water supply system with the capacity of 0.8m3/s for Metro Clark (Pampanga and
and Sewerage
Tarlac Provinces) and 1.3m3/s for Pampanga Province shall be developed to cope with the
incremental population and preserve the safe water quality for drinking by 2025.
Safe drinking water access with Level 3,2,1 water supply system shall reach to 100% by 2025
The service area of Level 3 water supply system in the urban area shall cover 80% of the households
in the study area by 2025. At the same time, the present coverage ratio of Level 3 water supply
system in the rural area shall be maintained by 2025, notwithstanding the future increment of
population.
The whole households in the study areas shall be provided with the sanitary toilets by 2025.
The on-going annual regular program for rehabilitation and maintenance of river dyke and slope by
Management of DPWH shall be sustained by 2025 so as to preserve the inherent design capacities of the facilities.
Flood and The annual regular program for rehabilitation and maintenance of drainage and flood cool facilities
Sediment by LGUs shall be sustained by 2025.
Disasters Public awareness on IWRM shall be improved through integration of the salient points of IWRM
into school curricula.
Watershed The on-going nine (9) regular programs for watershed management in Pampanga river basin shall be
Management sustained by 2025, which could expand the new forest cover at the rate of 660 ha per annum.
The non-structural projects by DENR and LGUs, which are intended to protect water quality, shall
Water-related
be sustained by 2025 so as to reduce the pollution load from various sources.
Environment
The structural programs for reduction of the risk for contamination in water body shall be sustained
Management
by 2025.
7.8 Evaluation and Prioritization of Inter-Sector Projects in Group-B

The evaluation of projects classified into Group-B shall be made to prioritize the projects and to
formulate the phased implementation program for them. The evaluation shall be made from six (6)
categories, namely; (i) Viability of the Project; (ii) Enhanced Livelihood; (iii) Improved Quality of
Life; (iv) Decentralized Development; (v) Sustained Ecosystem; and (vi) Empowered People. Of
these categories, item (i) is the fundamental factor to judge the viability of project implementation.
On the other hand, items (ii) to (vi) are the indexes to evaluate how the project could make a
contribution to the aforesaid strategic objectives.
Each of the above categories for evaluation would have further four to five criterions for evaluation, as
listed in Table 7.8.1. The total number of criterions for evaluation would reach 25 items, and such a
rather large number of criterions would be advantageous for a well-balanced evaluation of a wide
range of projects in various water-related sectors.
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Table 7.8.1 Categories and Criterions for the Evaluation of Projects
Category Criterion for Evaluation
1.1 Economic viability
1.2 Technical viability
1. Viability of the
1.3 Financial affordability
Project
1.4 Impacts to natural and social environment
1.5 Adaptability to climate change
2.1 Creation of new job opportunities in the Region
2. Enhanced 2.2 Increase of income level in the Region
Livelihood 2.3 Improvement of livelihood for vulnerable groups*
2.4 Reduction of income gaps in urban and rural areas
3.1 Increase of access to safe drinking water
3. Improved 3.2 Increase of per capita municipal water supply volume
Quality of Life 3.3 Improvement of sanitary and health conditions
3.4 Mitigation of flood risks
4.1 Development of regional economic development centers
4. Decentralized 4.2 Increase of regional productivity in agriculture, fishery, forestry, industry and service sectors
Development 4.3 Creation of favorable circumstances for private investment in the Region
4.4 Enhancement of social equity in the Region
5.1 Enhancement of sustainable monitoring on ecosystem
5. Sustained 5.2 Protection of ecologically vulnerable areas
Ecosystem 5.3 Promotion of vegetation in watersheds
5.4 Reduction of potential pollution loads
6.1 Promotion of stakeholder participation in project planning and execution
6. Empowered 6.2 Improvement/transfer of knowledge and skills
People 6.3 Promotion of community-based activities
6.4 Empowerment of vulnerable groups*
Note*: Vulnerable groups include the poor, indigenous people, women-headed households, out-of-school youths,
handicapped and the elderly.
Each of the above criterions for evaluation would have three ranks of scores. Projects which may be
expected to attain a high performance in the criterion would take the score of 3, while those which
would attain a lower performance would take the score of 2 or 1. Details of the criterions for scoring
are as shown in Annex-T 7.8.1.
(1) Score 3: Achievement of the criterion for evaluation has been already verified and/or
programmed as one of the primary purposes of the project.
(2) Score 2: The project is judged to make a certain indirect contribution to the criterion for
evaluation, although achievement of the criterion is not the primary purpose of the
project and/or it has not been clearly verified yet.
(3) Score 1: The project is judged to hardly satisfy the criterion and/or make any contribution to
the criterion.
7.9 Development Scenarios for Projects in Group-B and their Phased Implementation
Schedule
The IWRM Plan for Pampanga river basin would include 41 projects classified into Group-B. Of these
projects, 12 ongoing projects are to be implemented in accordance with their existing schedules, which
had been already fixed by the project proponents. On the other hand, the other 29 proposed and/or
conceptual projects are to be implemented, taking the following prerequisites into account:
 The projects shall be implemented in order, based on the scores made in the aforesaid
inter-sector project evaluation.
 The investment cost of projects shall be accumulated in accordance with the above priority
order of projects. However, the accumulated investment cost over the sum of the investment
cost for the ongoing infra-development projects 2 shall not exceed the ceiling cost (i.e.,
2
The ongoing infra-development projects include 12 projects in Group-B and 11 projects, which are being undertaken
by NIA, DA and DPWH as the yearly regular program for maintenance and rehabilitation of the existing water related
infrastructures and classified into Group-A.
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31.6 billion pesos for the short-term, 33.7 billion pesos for the medium-term and long-term, as
estimated in Section 8.4).
 When the accumulated investment cost exceeds the ceiling of either the short-term or the
medium-term, project implementation shall shift to the next term (i.e., from the short-term to
the medium-term or from the medium-term to the long-term) and the accumulation of
investment cost shall be reset and the evaluation restarted.
 Judging from the scope of projects, several projects would need the implementation period of
more than 5 years extending over each of the short-term, the medium-term or the long-term.
When a project has the implementation period of more than 5 years, its costs for the first and
second 5-year terms are estimated assuming the yearly equal disbursement of the project cost.
7.10 Formulation of IWRM Plan
The following items shall be the components of the IWRM Plan and formulated with reference to the
results of examination described in the preceding Sections 7.7 to 7.9 (refer to Figure 7.10.1).
7.10.1 Project List
The ongoing, proposed and conceptual projects, which could be effective to attain the visions,
objectives and sector goals of the IWRM Plan by 2025, shall be proposed and put into the Project List.
The necessary information in the Project List shall include the title of the project, the implementing
body of the project, the necessary project investment cost and the project’s classification under the
aforesaid Group-A and Group-B.
7.10.2 Project Implementation Program
The implementation schedule for each of the above projects shall be proposed as the phased programs
for the short-term (2011-2015), the medium-term (2016-2020) and the long-term (2021-2025). Some
of the projects would be completed within one (1) single term, while some would extend across more
than two (2) terms.
7.10.3 Project Investment Program
The project investment schedule shall be proposed as the phased program for investment of project
cost in each of the short-term (2011-2015), the medium-term (2016-2020) and the long-term
(2021-2025). The budgetary source for investment and/or the method for procurement of the budget
shall be also proposed as a part of the program taking the ownership of the project, the budgetary
capacity of the project implementing body and the possibility of external financial assistance into
account.
7.10.4 Development Scenarios
The phased development scenarios for each of the short-term, the medium-term and the long-term
shall be proposed in accordance with the above phased implementation schedule of the projects. The
development scenarios shall be also proposed by each of the sectors of IWRM such as
(i) agriculture/irrigation and fishery development; (ii) municipal water supply, sanitation and
sewerage; (iii) flood and sediment disaster management; (iv) watershed management; and
(v) water-related environmental management.
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Sector Goals of the IWRM Plan List of Projects for IWRM Plan
Visions and Objectives of
the IWRM Plan Selection of Projects as Components
of IWRM Plan in the Sectors of:
Phased Project Implementation
 Agriculture/Irrigation and
Program
Fishery Development
 Municipal Water Supply,
Sewerage & Sanitation
 Flood and Sediment Disaster Phased Project Investment Program
Management
 Watershed Management
 Water-related Environment
Management Phased Development Scenarios
 Other Inter-sector Aspects
Figure 7.10.1 Image of Output of the IWRM Plan for Pampanga River Basin
7.11 Institutional Setup Plan for the IWRM of Pampanga River Basin
Institutional and organizational strengthening will be sought out from the following two (2) aspects:
(1) To manage and/or to coordinate key issues in water resources in the river basin such as
reasonable allocation and regulation of water rights, upstream and downstream issues in flood
control, watershed management, water quality management, sustainable groundwater
management, etc.; and
(2) To establish the River Basin Organization (RBO) for Pampanga river basin as the implementing
body for the proposed IWRM Plan in terms of equitable and sustainable development,
environmental conservation, and operation and maintenance of river facilities and the monitoring
system in the river basin.
The former would be related to the improvement of the Water Code and capacity strengthening of
NWRB as an apex body for water rights and water resources management. The latter would be
related to capacity strengthening of sector agencies such as DENR (watershed, forest management,
water-quality management), DPWH (flood control and water-related natural disasters), NIA (irrigation
water management) and LGUs (watershed, forest management, water quality management, flood
control and water-related natural disasters, communal irrigation, groundwater management). The
purpose, function, role and responsibility of the stakeholders as well as financial sustainability and the
regional policy would be clarified to validate the RBO.
7.12 Stakeholders related to the IWRM Plan for Pampanga River Basin
7.12.1 Hierarchy of Stakeholders and Preparation of Opportunities for Consensus Building and
Hearing of Opinions
The participation of and consensus building with the stakeholders is essentially required for the IWRM.
It is, however, virtually difficult to make a consensus with all of the stakeholders, since the number of
the potential stakeholders in Pampanga river basin would be more than 20 million people including the
related organizations and residents living in Pampanga river basin, Metropolitan Manila and the region
from which water is transmitted. Accordingly, the priority stakeholders shall be selected and divided
into three (3) groups with different degrees of participation in the planning process, as shown in
Table 7.12.1
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Table 7.12.1 Hierarchies and Functions of Stakeholders
Hierarchy/Expected Members Function
1. Core stakeholders  To make the final decisions on
 Steering Committee members consensus.
 Technical Working Group members  To bring forward the problems and
needs of IWRM.
 To propose the draft plan on IWRM.
2. Stakeholders (representatives at entire basin level)  To bring forward the problems and
 Related governmental organizations needs of IWRM.
 Related organizations (water users association, fishermen’s  To propose the draft plan on IWRM.
association, water supply company, power supply company, etc.)
 Representatives of local level stakeholders
 Representatives of association of indigenous people, women’s
association, religious association, etc.
 Representatives of LGUs in Metro Manila
 Representatives of LGUs related to water transmission to
reservoirs in the basin
 NGO and Academes
 Others, if necessary
3 Other stakeholders  To disclose the information through the
 Other stakeholders not included in the other stakeholders of the internet, etc.
above items 1 and 2
Three (3) kinds of meetings, consisting of the Steering Committee Meeting, the Technical Working
Group Meeting and the Stakeholder Meeting, are held for the hearing of opinions and consensus
building on the proposed IWRM Plan for Pampanga river basin. Decision-making on consensus in
the present study is basically under the responsibility of the core stakeholders which consists of the
members of the Steering Committee and the Technical Working Group. On the other hand, the
Stakeholder Meeting aims at the hearing of opinions. The members of the Steering Committee and the
Technical Working Group had been determined at the early stage of the study.
7.12.2 Timing and Topics of Meetings
The Steering Committee and Stakeholder meetings are held as one set at each juncture in the course of
the study. The Technical Working Group meetings had been also originally scheduled at each
juncture in the course of the study, but rescheduled, on the way of the study, to be held once a month
as far as the activities of the JICA Study Team continues in the Philippines.
The main activities in the Steering Committee and Technical Working Group meetings include
discussion on pending issues in the previous meetings, decision-making and confirmation of agenda
for the succeeding stakeholder meeting. On the other hand, in the Stakeholder Meeting, explanation
of the results of the study and hearing of opinions from the stakeholders are carried out according to
the agenda approved by the Steering Committee and the Technical Working Group. The options
brought forward by the stakeholders are to be incorporated into the work in the next step, and the
results of the work are discussed in the next meeting of the Steering Committee and the Technical
Working Group.
7.13 Schedule for Planning Procedures
As described in Subsection 7.1.2, the process of IWRM should move forward like a spiral with several
different stages, and each of the stages covers the four sequences of: (i) Assessment of existing
conditions; (ii) Planning (i.e., formulation of the IWRM Plan); (iii) Implementation of the projects for
IWRM; and (iv) Monitoring of the results of project implementation.
The present stage of the IWRM for Pampanga river basin is the initial spiral stage, and of the above
four sequences at this stage, item (i), Assessment of existing conditions, and item (ii), Planning, are
being undertaken for a 2-year period of from February 2009 to January 2011, as shown in
Figure 7.13.1.
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Objectives of Assessment and Plan Formulation 2009 2010 2011
and Meetings 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2
Assessment (identification of
Step1 1 1 1 1 1 1
the Problems and Issues on
Assessment and Plan Formulation
Setting of the Planning

Step2 1 1 1
Framework
Selection of Eligible
Step3 1 1 1 1 1
Projects/Plans for IWRM of
Comparative Study on
Step4 1 1 1
Alternative Approaches to the
Evaluation and Prioritizing of
Step5 1 1 1 1
the Projects/Plans
Formulation of the IWRM Plan
Step6 1 1 1 1
for Pampanga River Basin
Formulation of Organization/
Step7 1 1 1 1 1 1
Institutional Plan
Steering Committee (SC) Meeting ● ● ● ● ● ●
Meeting
Technical Working Group (TWG) Meeting

●●● ●●● ●●● ●
(Including Joint SC and TWG Meetings)
Stakeholder Meeting ● ● ● ●
▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲
Reporting
IC/R P/R1 IT/R P/R2 DF/R F/R
Figure 7.13.1 Schedule of Planning Procedures
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Chapter 8. Setting of Planning Framework
8.1 Target Year
The target year of the IWRM Plan under this planning stage had been set at 2025 as agreed in the
“Minutes of Meeting on Implementation Agreement for the Study.” On the premise of the target year
2025, the project implementation period is divided into the following three 5-year terms. The phased
implementation schedule as well as the phased investment program for the IWRM Plan is formulated
on the premise of the said three terms.
(1) Short-Term for the period from 2011 to 2015;
(2) Medium-Term for the period from 2016 to 2020; and
(3) Long-Term for the period from 2021 to 2025.
8.2 Socioeconomic Framework
The following socioeconomic frameworks are adopted as the bases for the formulation of the IWRM
Plan.
8.2.1 Projected Population in the Study Area
Since about 99% of the whole extent of the study area belongs to the four provinces of Bulacan,
Nueva Ecija, Pampanga and Tarlac, the population projection for the study area is made based on the
Census for the said provinces. The specific population growth rates for the provinces are assumed
based on the projection by the National Statistic Coordination Board (NSCB), as listed below:
Table 8.2.1 Projected Population Growth Rates for the Study Area
Province 2006-2010 2011-2015 2016-2020 2021-2025
Bulacan 2.70% 2.41% 2.18% 1.94%
Nueva Ecija 1.62% 1.50% 1.31% 1.10%
Pampanga 1.81% 1.62% 1.42% 1.23%
Tarlac 1.70% 1.55% 1.35% 1.16%
The Study Area 2.06% 1.86% 1.66% 1.46%
Source: NSCB
8.2.2 Projected Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP)

The projected growth of GRDP is estimated from the past annual average growth rate of Gross Value
Added (GVA) in the industrial sectors recorded for Region III. Region III had an increase in GVA
from 1995 to 2007, as listed below.
Table 8.2.2 Annual Average Growth Rate of Gross Value Added in Region III from 1995 to 2007
Gross Value Added (in million pesos) Annual Ave. Growth Annual Ave. Growth
Sector In 1995 In 2003 In 2007
Rate of GVA Rate of GVA
(1995-2007) (2003-2007)
Agriculture, Fishery & Forest 38,532 64,012 93,539 7.7% 8.2%
Industry 59,398 127,901 175,857 9.5% 9.0%
Service 62,009 155,377 231,959 11.6% 10.2%
Total 159,939 347,426 501,356 10.0% 9.4%
Source: NSCB
8.2.3 Price Level of Project Cost

The project cost discussed in this project formulation is converted to the price level as of 2009 using
the “Wholesale Price Index (WPI) for Construction Material” shown below.
Table 8.2.3 Average Annual Increase Rate of Wholesale Price Index against Previous Year
Year in Interval 1960–1969 1970–1979 1980–1989 1990–1999 2000–2008 1960–2009
WPI - Construction Materials 5.58% 5.65% 5.68% 5.52% 7.39% 5.97%
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8.3 Visions, Objectives and Sector Goals of IWRM for the Study Area
8.3.1 Purpose for Setting of Visions, Objectives and Sector Goal
The IWRM Plan would involve multi-water-sector projects such as those in the sectors of:
(i) agriculture/irrigation and fishery development; (ii) municipal water supply, sanitation and
sewerage; (iii) management of flood and sediment disasters; (iv) watershed management,
(v) water-related environmental management; and (vi) water resources development, allocation and
distribution. Taking these multi-sector projects into account, the visions for the IWRM Plan are
proposed as the principal targets common to all proposed projects for the IWRM of Pampanga river
basin. The objectives in the several categories are further assumed to embody the visions. Moreover,
each of the water-related sectors in the IWRM Plan is provided with concrete sector goals, which
could enhance the objectives and/or visions.
8.3.2 National and Regional Development Policies
The visions, objectives and sector goals shall be in line with the national and regional development
policies. The policies on the nationwide and/or region-wide socioeconomic development and
political improvement in the Philippines have been delineated through the “Medium-Term Philippine
Development Plan (MTPDP) 2004-2010”1) and the “Regional Physical Framework Plan (RPFP)
2005-2030, Central Luzon”2). The IWRM Plan Framework in the Philippines3) had been also
formulated through the leadership of NWRB in 2006 as the nationwide roadmap to enhance the
adequate supply of clean water at a reasonable price, while at the same time effectively safeguarding
biodiversity and healthy environment. The details of these national and regional development policies
are as described hereinafter.
(1) Medium-Term Philippine Development Plan 2004-2010
The Philippines recorded the national average poverty incidence of 34% in 2000, which
worsened from 33% in 1997. In the light of such extremely high and aggravating poverty
incidence, the MTPDP 2004-2010 addressed “Poverty Alleviation” as the priority task of the
government. The MTPDP further emphasizes the necessity to accelerate the country’s
economic development, particularly through decentralized development for the small and
medium enterprises (SMEs) and agribusiness, which could lead to the reduction of
unemployment and rural poverty. Taking these conditions into account, the MTPDP set
ten (10) objectives to contribute toward poverty alleviation and national economic
development,
Table 8.3.1 Objectives Delineated in MTPDP 2004-2010
Category Objectives
Livelihood (1) Increase of job opportunities and income
Education (2) Increase of enrollment rate of schools
Fiscal Status (3) Creation of fiscal status balanced with right revenues and expenditures
(4) Spread of transport and digital infrastructure network over the country
(5) Sustainable supply of power and water over the country
Decentralized (6) Spread of new centers of government, business and community in Luzon, Visayas
Development and Mindanao
(7) Development of Subic-Clark corridor as the competitive international service and
logistics center in Southeast Asia Region
(8) Execution of elections of high integrity
National Harmony (9) Peace in Mindanao and to all insurgencies
(10) Closure of divisive issues generated by the EDSA Revolution
Of the above objectives, those under the categories of livelihood and decentralized
development in particular are closely related to the water management for the study area, and
they are further elaborated as below.
(a) The Objectives under the Category of Livelihood
The MTPDP stated that poverty in the Philippines is basically the problem in rural areas,
because a majority of the poor are the small and/or landless farmers, the farm workers,
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the fisher-folks and the indigenous people, and most of them are engaged in agriculture.
Moreover, they tend to reside in the environmentally vulnerable areas and be
handicapped by the less public service such as power/water supply.
From the above points of view, the MTPDP highlighted agriculture and agro-forestry
development as the principal driving force for job creation, which could lead to poverty
alleviation as well as economic development in rural areas, in particular.
The MTPDP worked out the nationwide vision to create two million jobs in the
agricultural sector, which should have been achieved through development of
two million hectares of new agricultural land. At the same time, the MTPDP stressed
the necessity for increase of agricultural productivity at competitive prices, which could
lead to the incremental income of farmers. Hence, the strengthening of irrigation water
supply and/or expansion of agro-forestry as a part of watershed management would be
highlighted to increase job opportunities in the agricultural sector and the income of
farmers.
(b) The Objectives under the Category of Decentralized Development
The MTPDP addressed the necessity for spreading the new urban centers in Luzon,
Visayas and Mindanao to decongest the overconcentration of economic activities in
Metro Manila and to spur economic growth in the Philippines. The Subic-Clark
corridor, which is partially located in the study area, in particular, is highlighted as the
potential competitive international service and logistics center in Southeast Asia.
Angeles, San Fernando and other major cities located in the study area would also be the
strong candidates as the new government, business and community centers, because of
the existing infrastructures and the easy access to Metro Manila through the North
Luzon Expressway. The development of new bulk water supply systems, sewerage
systems, flood mitigation systems and other water development/management programs
would be the critical factors to create such new urban centers.
(2) Regional Physical Framework Plan (RPFP) 2005-2030, Central Luzon
The RPFP 2005-2030 set forth the following four (4) primary targets of regional development:
 Increase of agricultural productivity, which could lead to the increase of farmer’s
income in particular;
 Reduction of business cost through upgrading of the existing road infrastructure and
strengthening of the linkages between the existing economic zones and their host
municipalities;
 Reduction of the risk on natural calamities such as floods, landslides and
earthquakes/tsunamis; and
 Increase of growth potential through agrarian reform, increase of enrollment rate of
schools and improvement of residents’ physical condition.
All of the above targets are likely to be oriented to the achievement of socioeconomic
development, which could lead to improvement of living conditions and livelihood of
residents finally contributing to poverty alleviation and economic development in the region.
To achieve the visions, the RPFP set the following policies, strategies and/or action plans in
each of the water-related sectors.
(a) Agriculture/Irrigation and Fishery
 The primary agriculture and aquaculture lands shall be preserved without being
converted to other uses.
 The government shall continue to support agriculture and aquaculture development,
especially in the construction of irrigation and drainage facilities.
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 Science and technologies shall be harnessed to increase agriculture and aquaculture
productivity with competitive costs for production.
 Priority shall be given to the development of new irrigation systems in order to expand
the agricultural production areas. Existing irrigation systems shall be also rehabilitated
and improved to increase their efficiencies.
(b) Municipal Water Supply, Sanitation and Sewerage
 The region’s groundwater and surface water resources shall be properly developed and
managed to satisfy the demand and reduced cost for municipal water supply.
 Existing municipal water supply and sanitation facilities shall be rehabilitated,
improved and properly maintained. New facilities shall be also developed to increase
their efficiency and service coverage.
(c) Management of Floods and Sediment Disasters
 Extensive and efficient flood control systems shall be provided to protect the
settlement and production areas, in particular.
 Utmost effort shall be made to retain floodwater in the upper and middle reaches by
suitable reservoir or flood retarding pond/swamp. This would ensure better control
over floods and at the same time, create possible water resources development for
multi-purpose project functions like power generation, irrigation and recreational
facilities.
 Expansion of settlements in areas prone to disasters shall be restrained.
(d) Watershed Management
 The region shall focus on reforestation in open areas.
 Building of settlements and/or livestock production shall be discouraged in the upland
areas with steep ground slopes of more than 18% and 30%, respectively. Production
activities in NIPAS areas shall be also strictly prohibited.
 Massive reforestation of degraded mangrove ecosystems shall be pursued.
(3) Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) Plan Framework in the Philippines
The ever-increasing water demand is becoming a critical factor to the socioeconomic
development and global competitiveness in the Philippines. Moreover, there is a critical
linkage between better water management in various sectors and the country’s socioeconomic
development. From these points of view, the MTPDP underscored a need to adopt the
IWRM approach as a more integrated and holistic management of water resources in the
Philippines. This approach involves the coordinated development and management of water,
land and related resources within the hydrological boundaries, to optimize economic and
social welfare without compromising the sustainability of vital ecosystems.
The IWRM Plan Framework delineated four (4) Sustainable Outcomes, which are the medium
to long-term goals for the water resources management in the Philippines. To achieve the
Sustainable Outcomes, nine (9) Strategic Themes, which are either sector or inter-sector
imperatives, are further set forth in the IWRM Plan Framework. The contents of the
sustainable outcomes and strategic themes are as shown below.
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Table 8.3.2 Sustainable Outcomes and Strategic Themes in the IWRM Plan Framework
Sustainable Outcomes Strategic Themes
 To ensure the rational, efficient and ecologically sustainable allocation of
Effective Protection and water.
Regulation for Water  To enhance the effectiveness in groundwater management and aquifer
Security and Ecosystem protection.
Health  To achieve the clean and healthy water.
 To mitigate the risks of climate change events and water-related disasters.
Sustainable Water  To promote water conservation/stewardship and improve the water use
Resources and Responsive efficiency.
Services for Present and  To expand the access and ensure availability of affordable and responsive
Future Needs water supply and sanitation services.
Improved Effectiveness,
 To promote the participatory water governance and supportive enabling
Accountability, and
environment.
Synergy among
 To strengthen the knowledge management and the building capacity for
Water-Related Institutions
IWRM.
and Stakeholders
Adaptive and Proactive
 To explore the new pathways to water resource management - water
Response to Emerging/
sensitive design and water rights trading.
Future Challenges
8.3.3 Visions, Objectives and Sector Goals adopted for the Study
With reference to the above nationwide and/or region-wide development plan and IWRM Plan
Framework, the following visions, objectives and sector goals are adopted for the IWRM Plan of the
study area.
(1) Visions
“Poverty Alleviation” and “Economic Development” are raised as the priority tasks in the
MTPDP. All of the socioeconomic and infrastructure development programs proposed in the
RPFP for Central Luzon are also directed to the said two principal tasks. With reference to
the MTPDP and the RPFP, “Poverty Alleviation” and “Economic Development” are adopted
as the principal visions of the IWRM plan for Pampanga river basin.
It is herein noted that “Poverty Alleviation” is oriented to not only the betterment of
livelihood/increase of income for poverty thresholds but also securing the basic human needs
such as safe drinking water and safe living conditions against flood and other water-related
disasters. At the same time, the approaches to “Poverty Alleviation” shall not be made to
sacrifice the vital ecosystem. Likewise, “Economic Development” shall be oriented to not
only development of the regional economy but also preserving and/or recovery of the
ecosystem in Pampanga river basin.
The related vision statement proposed by a member of TWG is as shown in Table 8.3.3.
Table 8.3.3 Vision Statement
The Pampanga river basin (PRB) shall become the most economically advanced river
basin in the country that shall attain the lowest incidence of poverty, fully restored
watershed and ecosystems, properly utilized and managed water resources, adequately
provided modern infrastructure facilities, and an empowered citizens in partnership with
transparent, accountable, and development-oriented leaders.
As described in the preceding Section 3.2, the average ratio of poverty thresholds in the study
area as of 2006 is about 20%, which is lower than the national average of about 33%.
Nevertheless, particular attention shall be given to the ratio of poverty thresholds in Nueva
Ecija Province in the study area. The ratio in this province is about 38%, which exceeds the
national average. A majority of the employees in the province are engaged in the
agriculture/forestry sector and one of the crucial issues on poverty alleviation for the province
should be addressed to increment the income of employees in the sector.
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It is further noted that manufacturing, agriculture/forestry and trade are the three (3) major
industries in Region III, which produce the Gross Value Added of more than 50% in the region.
Accordingly, these three industrial sectors shall take the principal role for the “Economic
Development” in the study area, so that enhancement of the bulk water supply system for
manufacturing and the irrigation system for agriculture would be the important water-related
works to ensure the economic development in the study area. Enhancement of the irrigation
system in particular would be the crucial issue, since Region III is the largest irrigated
paddy-producing district in the country taking the share of about 22% of the national total.
(2) Objectives
To achieve the said principal visions, the following five (5) items are further proposed as the
objectives of the IWRM plan for Pampanga river basin with reference to the MTPDP, RPFP
and IWRM Plan Framework in Philippines:
(a) Objective 1: Enhanced Livelihood
Objective 1 is oriented to the enhancement of the minimum requirement for livelihood,
which shall contribute to poverty alleviation. The importance of this objective is
emphasized in the MTPDP for the Philippines as well as the RPFP for Central Luzon. To
achieve this objective, both the MTPDP and RPFP emphasized the necessity to increase
job opportunities in the agricultural sector, and agricultural productivity with
competitive production costs.
(b) Objective 2: Improved Quality of Life
Objective 2 is oriented to the improvement of the quality of life, which shall be one of
the essential factors for poverty alleviation similar to the above Objective 1. Both the
MTPDP and RPFP highlighted the importance of the following two water management
systems for improvement of the quality of life, namely; (i) the substantial municipal
water supply system, which could promise access to safe drinking water; and
(ii) substantial mitigation system against flood, sediment disasters and other
water-related damages.
(c) Objective 3: Decentralized Development
Objective 3 is the main driving force for the decentralized socioeconomic development
of the existing urban centers in the study area such as Clark Field, Angeles City and San
Fernando City, and the agricultural development in the rural areas. Both the MTPDP
and RPFP highlighted two principal water-related issues to give a strong incentive of
such decentralized development, namely; (i) availability of adequate municipal water
supply for the urban centers and adequate irrigation water supply for the principal
irrigation areas in the study area; and (ii) minimization of damage by floods, sediment
disasters and other water-related disasters in the study area.
(d) Objective 4: Sustained Ecosystem
The above Objectives 1, 2 and 3 would contain active interventions to reform the
existing natural environment, which could result in spoiling the rich biodiversity and the
healthy ecosystem. To avoid such adverse effects to the ecosystem, Objective 4 is to be
launched. The major approaches to attain this objective would include reforestation of
mangroves and other degraded ecosystems and inducement of sanitary facilities and
efforts to improve the quality of surface water.
(e) Objective 5: Empowered People
As described above, water resource development and management shall involve various
sectors such as those for water allocation/distribution, mitigation of water-related
disasters and conservation of ecosystems. To achieve a well-balanced water resources
development and management, it is indispensable to involve all of the stakeholders in
the IWRM Plan and pursue capacity building for them at all stages and key processes.
8-6
From this point of view, this objective is proposed as a part of the MTPDP and the
IWRM-RFP and applied in the study.
(3) Goals of Each of Water related Sectors
To achieve the aforesaid five (5) objectives, the goals for each of the water-related sectors are
assumed, with reference to the MTPDP, RPFP and the IWRM Plan Framework, as listed
below.
Table 8.3.4 Goals in Each of the Sectors of Water Development and Management
Sector Goal
 Rehabilitate and develop irrigation system
Agriculture and
 Enhance new agricultural technology on water management
Hydropower
 Sustainable fishery under integrated water resource management
 Improve water supply quality
Municipal Water Supply,
 Ensure necessary water supply capacity
Sanitation and Sewerage
 Reduce pollution load
Flood and Sediment
 Mitigate chronic damage by flood and sediment disasters
Disaster Mitigation
 Intensify management, protection and maintenance of vulnerable and
ecologically sensitive area
Watershed Management
 Increase forest cover of critically denuded uplands, and mangrove areas and
urban corridors
 Strengthen water quality monitoring, data management, regulatory and decision
Water-related Environment support system
Management  Reduce pollution load from various sources in key areas of Pampanga river basin
in order to render quality of waters fit for specified uses
8.4 Ceiling of Investment Cost for Projects in Group B

8.4.1 Overview
The ceiling of project investment cost shall be one of the important factors to determine the
implementation schedule for the projects in Group B. When the implementation of projects
excessively concentrates upon any of the aforesaid short-term, medium-term and/or long-term, the
total project investment cost may exceed the affordable limit of the national and/or regional budgetary
capacity. From this point of view, the approximate ceilings of investment cost for the projects in
Group B are provisionally estimated for each of the short-term, medium-term and long-term, as listed
in Table 8.4.1. The detailed estimation bases for these ceilings of investment cost are as described in
Subsection 8.4.2.
Table 8.4.1 Ceilings of Investment Cost for Projects in Group B
Term Period Ceiling Amount
Short-term 2011–2015 31.7 billion pesos
Medium-term 2016–2020 33.7 billion pesos
Long-term 2021–2025 33.7 billion pesos
Total 2011–2025 99.1 billion pesos
8.4.2 Estimation Basis for the Ceiling of Investment Cost

The national budget of the Philippines had increased from 0.948 trillion pesos in 2005 to 1.426 trillion
pesos in 2009, with the annual average incremental rate of about 11% as listed below.
Table 8.4.2 Summary of National Government Budget
(Unit: Billion Pesos)
Allocated to Departments and Allocated as Special Purpose
Year Total
Agencies Funds
2005 442 506 948
2006 401 652 1,053
2007 458 669 1,126
2008 722 592 1,315
2009 710 716 1,426
8-7
Of the above national budget, 15 to 20 billion pesos (about 1.0 to 1.4% of the national budget) are
allotted to infrastructure development of the water source/distribution for irrigation implemented by
NIA and flood mitigation by DPWH, as listed in Table 8.4.3.
Table 8.4.3 National Budget Allocated to the Projects for Water-Related Infrastructure Development
(Unit: Billion Pesos)
Year Description Water Use* Flood Mitigation** Total
(1) Whole Nation 7.31 7.93 15.25
2007 (2) Study Area 1.52 0.27 1.79
(3) Share {(2)/(1)} 20.80% 3.30% 11.70%
(1) Whole Nation 8.04 6.73 13.67
2008 (2) Study Area 2.08 0.56 2.64
(3) Share {(2)/(1)} 25.90% 8.30% 19.30%
(1) Whole Nation 12.55 6.93 19.48
2009 (2) Study Area 0.36 1.54 1.9
(3) Share {(2)/(1)} 2.90% 22.30% 9.80%
Note: *: Budget allocated to projects of NIA under the “Agriculture and Fisheries Modernization Program” in “Special
Purpose Funds”
**: Budget allocated to projects of DPWH under the “Department Fund”
Source: Budget Expenditures/Sources by the Department of Budget and Management
In addition to the above national budget, the LGUs also have a certain budget for the implementation
of water-related projects. Nevertheless, the annual total budgets of the provincial governments in the
study area are in the range of about 1 to 2.4 billion pesos only and such amounts would make it
virtually difficult to shoulder the necessary costs for the major water-related development projects.
Accordingly, the national budget could be regarded substantially as the sole eligible source for the
implementation of major water-related projects. At the same time, the budget could be unevenly
concentrated to a particular project, which would be implemented during a particular period, provided
that the project implementation is judged to be strategically important for the nation. Moreover, the
national budget has increased in the recent five (5) years with an annual incremental rate of about 11%,
and this incremental tendency is expected to continue for the time being. From these viewpoints, the
ceilings of investment cost for the projects are estimated on the following assumptions:
 The national budget for water-related infrastructure development projects would be able to
continue to increase by 11% per year until the end of the short-term plan (i.e., 2015); and
 Taking into account the maximum percentage of the above national budget allocated to the
study area in the previous years, about 20% of the national budget could be expended, as the
ceiling, for project development in the study area.
Based on the above assumptions, the ceiling of investment by the target year 2025 is estimated at
about 99 billion pesos, and those for short-term, medium-term and long-term plans are as listed in
Table 8.4.1.
1) NEDA: Medium-Term Philippine Development Plan 2004-2010, 2004.
2) NEDA Region III: Updated Central Luzon Regional Physical Framework Plan (RPFP) 2005-2030, 2006.
3) NWRB: IWRM Plan Framework in the Philippines, 2006.
8-8
Chapter 9. Selection of Eligible Projects as Components of the
Proposed IWRM Plan
9.1 General
Various government agencies and non-government entities are proposing and/or executing numerous
projects related to IWRM in Pampanga river basin. Some of these on-going and proposed projects
are selected in order to cope with the problems/issues on IWRM Plan for Pampanga river basin and at
the same time to attain the aforesaid visions, objectives and sector goals in the IWRM Plan. In
addition, the Study Team in corroboration with the relevant government agencies as well as other
stakeholders worked out the conceptual projects, which would be essentially required as a part of
IWRM Plan. It should be noted that the conceptual projects would require either further study such as
feasibility study, or determination of the basic project components, before their implementation.
The on-going, proposed and conceptual projects were further modified through the several
consultation meetings with the relevant government agencies and other stakeholders. As the result,
the following projects were finally determined as the components of the proposed IWRM Plan for
Pampanga river basin. Details of these projects are as described in Section 9.2 to 9.7 below.
Table 9.1.1 Number of Programs and Projects as Components of the Proposed IWRM Plan
On-going Proposed Conceptual
Sector Total
Projects Projects Projects*
Agriculture/Irrigation and Fishery Development 14 11 3 28
Municipal Water Supply, Sanitation and Sewerage 3 4 11 18
Flood and Sediment Disaster Management 4 2 4 10
Watershed Management 12 0 4 16
Water-related Environment Management 3 1 4 8
Inter-sector for Water Resources Development, Allocation and Distribution - - 4 4
Total 36 18 30 84
Note (*): Proposed by JICA Study Team
9.2 Projects in the Sector of Agriculture/Irrigation and Fishery Development

Self-sufficiency through sustainable rice production is a key component of agriculture in the national
policy. In line with this policy, the national/regional development strategies for agriculture were
oriented to development of new irrigation systems and rehabilitation of existing systems.
In addition, the upgrading of irrigation infrastructure and dissemination of improved agricultural
technology are also emphasized as the principal strategies. In approaching these strategies, it is
necessary that both structural and non-structural measures shall be well linked to maximize their
multiple effects to increasing productivity and improving livelihood in rural areas. The projects should
not limit to only large-scale national irrigation but also communal and small-scale irrigation, both for
new development, rehabilitation and improvement.
The projects for agriculture and fishery development were selected to comply with the above
national/regional strategies and to cope with the problems and issues identified in Section 6.2. The
on-going, proposed and conceptual projects thus selected are as listed in Table 9.2.1, and their detailed
profiles are as given in Annex-T 9.2.1.
9-1
Table 9.2.1 Projects for Agriculture/Irrigation and Fishery Development
Problems and Issues to be
Project
complied by the Project
Waters Water
Low
Implementing Shortage Pollution
Classification Status Code Name of Project Irrigation
Agency for in
Efficiency
Irrigation Fish Pond
AI-G-01 Balog-Balog Multipurpose Project Phase 1 NIA ○
AI-G-02 Along-along Creek Irrigation Project (UPRIIS Div3) NIA ○
Repair, Rehabilitation of Existing Groundwater Irrigation
AI-G-03 Systems, Establishment of Groundwater Pump Project NIA ○
(REGIP)
AI-G-04 Balikatan Sagip Patubig Program (BSPP) NIA ○
Repair, Rehabilitation, Restoration & Preventive
AI-G-05 Maintenance of Existing National & Communal Irrigation NIA ○
On-going Facilities
Restoration/Rehabilitation of Existing NIA Assisted
AI-G-06 Irrigation System (RRE-NIAIS)
NIA ○
Participatory Irrigation Development Project,
AI-G-07 APL1-Infrastructure Development
NIA ○
Rehabilitation of Small Water Impounding Projects /
AI-G-08 Diversion Dams
DA-BSWM ○
Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program, Irrigation
AI-G-09 Component
NIA ○
AI-G-10 Upper Tabuating SRIP NIA ○
AI-P-01 Balintingon Reservoir Multipurpose Project (BRMP) NIA/G. Tino ○
AI-P-02 Balog-Balog Multipurpose Project Phase 2 NIA ○
Irrigation AI-P-03 Sector Loan on Rehabilitation of Irrigation Facilities NIA ○
Casecnan Multi-purpose Irrigation & Power Project
AI-P-04 Irrigation Component Phase 2 NIA ○
Procurement of Pumps, Drilling Rigs & Related
AI-P-05 Equipment
NIA ○
Irrigation Water Resources Augmentation Pump
AI-P-06 Establishment Project
NIA ○
Proposed
Appropriate Irrigation Technologies for Enhanced
AI-P-07 Agricultural Production
NIA ○
Central Luzon Groundwater Irrigation Systems
AI-P-08 Reactivation Project
NIA ○
AI-P-09 Gumain Reservoir Project NIA ○
AI-P-10 Rehabilitation of AMRIS NIA ○
Construction of Priority Small Scale Irrigation
DA Region
AI-P-11 Systems/Small Water Impounding Projects, Small ○
Diversion Dam Projects III/LGUs
New Construction of Small Scale Irrigation Project under
AI-C-01 BSWM
BSWM/LGUs ○
Conceptual
AI-C-02 Introduction of Water Saving Irrigation Technology NIA ○
Improvement of Monitoring System and Capacity
AI-C-03 Development for Proper Water Management in NISs and NIA ○
CISs
AF-G-01 Aquaculture Fisheries Development Programs DA-BFAR ○
AF-G-02 Comprehensive Regulatory Services DA-BFAR ○
Fishery On-going AF-G-03 Support Projects and Activities DA-BFAR ○
Fisheries Resources Management for Improved and
AF-G-04 Sustainable Harvest DA-BFAR ○
As indicated in Table 9.2.1, there are 14 on-going projects and 11 proposed projects by NIA and other
relevant agencies and judged to be eligible as components of the IWRM Plan. In addition to these
on-going and proposed projects, the three (3) conceptual projects indicated above are judged to be
essentially necessary for development of infrastructures and improvement of irrigation technologies in
particular. The backgrounds for selection of these conceptual projects are as described below.
 AI-C-01: New Construction of Small-Scale Irrigation Project under BSWM
The target areas of the on-going and proposed projects tend to be biased to the large-scale
national irrigation systems (NIS) and development for the smaller communal irrigation
systems (CIS) is left behind. Such uneven development would lead to difficulties in enhancing
a well-balanced and equitable agricultural products and farmers’ livelihoods. From these
points of view, this conceptual project is proposed to develop the potential sites for CISs,
which are identified by BSWM in the study area.
9-2
 AI-C-02: Introduction of Water Saving Irrigation Technology
The objectives of the on-going development of irrigation technologies in the study area are
confined to innovation of the irrigation facilities such as photovoltaic energy in power
generation and drip tape for water dispersion. Improvement of more essential irrigation
technologies is deemed to be necessary. Hence, this conceptual project is proposed to
maximize the water-use efficiency for irrigation through introduction of the water saving
technologies such as “Controlled Irrigation/Alternate Wet and Dry (AWD)” and “System of
Rice Intensification (SRI).”
 AI-C-03: Improvement of Monitoring System and Capacity Development for Proper Water
Management in NISs and CISs
The discharges in the existing irrigation networks both for NISs and CISs are not accurately
and adequately monitored due to: (a) inadequate number and malfunction of discharge
measuring devices; (b) inadequate calibration of conversion tables (H-Q curve) of water
discharge against water level or gate opening height; and (c) inadequate communication
system between the sites and the gate control offices. As a result, the monitoring data are not
well utilized to effectively irrigate the water. To utilize the limited water sources more
efficiently, this conceptual project is proposed.
9.3 Projects in the Sector of Municipal Water Supply, Sanitation and Sewerage System
The Government of the Philippines has targeted through the “Philippine Water Supply Sector
Roadmap” that 100% of the households shall have access to safe, adequate and sustainable municipal
water supply by 2025. At the same time, the Clean Water Act of 2004 requires that the DPWH in
coordination with DOH and other agencies concerned shall employ the septic tank or the combined
sewerage-septic management system.
The projects for this sector are selected taking the above national policies and the problems/issues
identified in Section 6.3 into account. The on-going, proposed and conceptual projects thus selected is
as listed in Table 9.3.1, and their detailed profiles are as listed in Annex-T 9.3.1.
Table 9.3.1 Projects for Municipal Water Supply, Sanitation and Sewerage
Project
Increasing
Inadequate
Unsafe Pollution
Implementing Water
Classification Status Code Name of Project Water Load in
Agency Supply
Supply Water
Source
Bodies
Angat Water Utilization and Aquaduct Improvement
On-going MW-G-01 Project (AWUAIP) Phase 2 MWSS ○
MW-P-01 Rehabilitation of Umiray-Macua Facilities MWSS ○
MW-P-02 Sumag River Diversion Project MWSS ○
Proposed
MW-P-03 Bulacan Treated Bulk Water Supply Project MWSS/LGU ○
MW-P-04 Metro Clark Bulk Surface Water Project CDC ○
LWUA/WDs/LGUs
Municipal MW-C-01 Additional Level 3,2, 1 Facilities towards 2025 in Bulacan /Private WSPs
○ ○
Water Supply Additional Level 3,2, 1 Facilities towards 2025 in LWUA/WDs/LGUs
MW-C-02 Pampanga /Private WSPs
○ ○
Additional Level 3,2, 1 Facilities towards 2025 in Nueva LWUA/WDs/LGUs
Conceptual MW-C-03 Ecija /Private WSPs
○ ○
LWUA/WDs/LGUs
MW-C-04 Additional Level 3,2, 1 Facilities towards 2025 in Tarlac /Private WSPs
○ ○
MW-C-05 Extended Bulacan Bulk Water Supply Project LGU ○
MW-C-06 Pampanga Bulk Water Supply Project LGU ○
MS-C-01 Additional Sanitary Facilities towards 2025 in Bulacan LGUs ○
MS-C-02 Additional Sanitary Facilities towards 2025 in Pampanga LGUs ○
Sanitation Conceptual
MS-C-03 Additional Sanitary Facilities towards 2025 in Nueva Ecija LGUs ○
MS-C-04 Additional Sanitary Facilities towards 2025 in Tarlac LGUs ○
MP-G-01 Cabanatuan Sewerage System LGU ○
On-going
Sewerage MP-G-02 Expansion of Clark Sewerage System Clark Water ○
LWUA/WDs/LGUs
Conceptual MP-C-01 Septage Treatment and Disposal Facility /Private WSPs
○
9-3
The above on-going and proposed projects are judged to hardly fulfill even the present municipal
water demand; therefore, it is virtually difficult to cope with the future incremental water demand
caused by population growth in the study area. Moreover, the on-going and/or proposed projects for
sanitation and sewerage are developed within the minimal extent of the study area.
Taking the above backgrounds into account, 11 conceptual projects are proposed for the sake of:
(a) ensuring the necessary supply capacity for the future incremental municipal water demand;
(b) improvement of the necessary level of water quality for safe drinking; and (c) reduction of basin
pollution loads. The detailed backgrounds on the selection of these conceptual projects are as
described hereinafter.
 MW-C-01, 02, 03, 04: Additional Level 3, 2, 1 Facilities towards 2025 in Bulacan, Pampanga,
Nueva Ecija and Tarlac
The on-going and proposed projects are judged to hardly promise securing access to safe
water quality for drinking in the study area. From this point of view, the four (4) conceptual
projects, of MW-C-1, MW-C-2, MW-C-3 and MW-C-4 are proposed to attain the following
development scenarios:
(a) The coverage of Level 3, 2 and 1 water supply systems with safe drinking water supply
shall reach 100% by 2025.
(b) The coverage ratio of Level 3 Water Supply System in urban areas shall increase to 1%
per annum by 2015, and their average ratio shall reach 80% by 2025. At the same time,
the lowest coverage ratio in urban areas shall not be below 46.5% in 2025.
(c) The present average coverage ratio of Level 3 Water Supply System in rural areas shall
be maintained until 2025, notwithstanding the future increment of population. The target
coverage ratio to be maintained in rural areas is 18% in average for the whole study area.
 MW-C-05: Extended Bulacan Bulk Water Supply Project
The Bulacan Treated Water Supply Project (MW-P-03) was proposed, in 2007, through the
MOA agreed between MWSS and Bulacan Province. This proposed project aims at
strengthening the municipal water supply capacity for Bulacan Province. However, the
municipal water demand in 2025 is estimated to rise above the present supply capacity.
Taking these conditions into account, this conceptual project is proposed to develop a new
bulk municipal water supply system to meet the future population growth in Bulacan Province
by 2025. The new system would take the surface water source as its principal source and its
supply capacity could make up for the potential deficit of 3.8m3/s for about 1.7 million people
in 2025.
 MW-C-06: Pampanga Bulk Water Supply Project
This conceptual project is proposed to develop the new bulk municipal water supply system to
meet the future population in Pampanga Province. This project aims at promising the full
supply level for the demand in 2025. The new system would take the surface water source
and/or the groundwater in the vicinities as its principal source and make up for the potential
deficit of about 2.1m3/s in 2025. It is assumed that 0.8m3/s will be provided through the
Metro Clark Bulk Surface Water Project (Code: MW-P-04) and the remaining 1.3m3/s for
0.6 million people will be supplied through the Pampanga Bulk Water Supply Project.
 MS-C-01, 02, 03, 04: Additional Sanitation Facilities toward 2025 in Bulacan, Pampanga Nueva
Ecija and Tarlac
About 88% of households in the study area are currently provided with sanitary toilets. This
ratio of sanitary toilets is proposed to increase by 10% by 2015 and reach 100% by 2025 so as
to achieve the sector goal of 100% safe water.
 MP-C-01: Septage Treatment and Disposal System
9-4
To enhance the proper treatment and disposal of septage from the aforesaid sanitary toilets,
this conceptual project is proposed on the premise that the treatment and disposal of septage
shall prevail over all households with level 3 water supply facilities in the urban areas (about
82% of the urban households of target cities in average) in the following ten (10) urban
centers by 2025: (a) Angeles, San Fernando, Guagua and Mabalacat in Pampanga Province;
(b) Baliuag, Calumpit, Hagonoy and Malolos in Bulacan Province; (c) Cabanatuan in Nueva
Ecija Province; and (d) Tarlac City in Tarlac Province.
9.4 Projects in the Sector of Management for Flood and Sediment Disasters
To mitigate the flood problems in the country, the MTPDP 2004-2010 made a priority to the efficient
maintenance and rehabilitation of existing flood mitigation facilities including the dredging of
waterways, riverbank protection, and relocation of informal settlers along the river/drainage channels
so as to fulfill the inherent flood control capacity of the existing facilities. The MTPDP also
emphasizes the necessity of adequate investment to the twelve (12) nationwide priority flood
mitigation projects, two (2) of which are addressed to the Mt. Pinatubo Hazard Urgent Management II
and III in the study area.
In line with the above national policies, the RPFP raised two (2) regional strategies for flood
management: The first is oriented to the adoption of a comprehensive flood mitigation project
emphasizing the necessity of the nonstructural measures such as flood forecasting and warning and
watershed management. The second is addressed to strengthening of the flood detention capacity by
the river basin. The RPFP states that floodwaters shall be held back in the upper and middle reaches by
a suitable reservoir or a low retention basin. This would insure better control over floods and, at the
same time, create the possible water resources development for irrigation, municipal water supply and
other various uses of water. The on-going, proposed and conceptual projects for this sector are
selected to comply with the above national policies and the same time, to cope with the problems and
issues identified in the Section 6.4. The results of the selection are as shown in the table below.
Table 9.4.1 Projects for Management of Flood and Sediment Disasters
Problems and Issues to be complied by the
Project
Project
Inadequate
Insufficient Information
Increment of
Structural and
Implementing Flood
Status Code Name of Project Capacity for Knowledge
Agency Damage
Flood Relevant to
Potential
Mitigation Flood
Mitigation
FL-G-01 Pinatubo Hazard Urgent Project (PHUMP) Phase III Part I DPWH ○
FL-G-02 Pinatubo Hazard Urgent Project (PHUMP) Phase III Part II DPWH ○
On-going Maintenance and Rehabilitation Works for River Dike and
FL-G-03 Slope DPWH ○
Flood Forecasting and Warning System Capacity Building
FL-G-04 Project upon Dam Release in the Philippines PAGASA ○
Flood Control Measures in Mt. Pinatubo Devastated Area-
FL-P-01 Focus on Pasac Delta DPWH ○
Proposed
FL-P-02 Bacolor Comprehensive Rehabilitation Master Plan LGU ○
FL-C-01 Flood Mitigation for Pampanga Delta DPWH ○
Community Based Flood Early Warning System for
FL-C-02 Provinces of Pampanga, Tarlac and N. Ecija LGUs ○
Conceptual Maintenance, Rehabilitation and Improvement for Drainage
FL-C-03 and Flood Control Facilities under Jurisdiction of LGUs LGUs ○
Integration of Salient Points of IWRM for Pampanga River
FL-C-04 Basin into School Curricula DE-Region III ○
As listed above, the four (4) on-going projects and two (2) proposed projects by the relevant agencies
are identified as the eligible components of the IWRM Plan for the study area. In addition, the
following four (4) conceptual projects, which take structural and nonstructural measures, respectively,
into account, are judged to be essentially necessary for flood management in the study area
9-5
 FL-C-01: Flood Mitigation for Pampanga Delta
Several projects with structural measures have been undertaken to cope with the flood
problems associated with the large volume of sediment run-off in Pasac river basin (i.e., the
eastern Pinatubo Area) since the eruption of Mt. Pinatubo in 1991. The projects for the
management of flood and sediment disasters by structural measures are further being
implemented and/or proposed in Pasac river basin including those of FL-G-01 and FL-P-01.
As for Pampanga river basin, however, no prominent flood mitigation plan has been
introduced since the “Pampanga Delta Development Project Flood Component (PDDP-FC)
Phase I” was completed at a reduced scale due to budgetary constraints and difficulty of land
acquisition of the Phillipine government in 2002. Under such conditions, flood damages
occur along the down/midstream of Pampanga River almost every year in spite of a certain
effect of flood mitigation by Phase I. Accordingly, the execution of flood mitigation works
as the Post-PDDP Phase I for Pampanga Delta in particular would be one of the important
issues in the IWRM for the Study Area and hence, this conceptual project is proposed.
 FL-C-02: Community-Based Flood Early Warning System for Provinces of Pampanga, Tarlac
and Nueva Ecija
In parallel with the projects using various structural measures for the management of flood
and sediment disasters, projects with non-structural measures have been carried out and some
of them such as those of FL-G-02 and FL-G-04 are still in progress. The major concern with
such non-structural projects is given to the Community-Based Flood Early Warning
System (CBFEWS).
A CBFEWS has been established in Bulacan Province, proving the effectiveness of the
participative approach of the communities to the flood warning and evacuation with less
project cost as compared with the structural project. From the viewpoint of such advantages,
this conceptual project is proposed to establish the CBFEWS for the provinces of Pampanga,
Nueva Ecija and Tarlac.
 FL-C-03: Maintenance, Rehabilitation and Improvement for Drainage and Flood Control
Facilities under Jurisdiction of LGUs
The cities/municipalities in the study area suffer from chronic flood inundation due to
deterioration of the existing drainage/flood control facilities and/or inadequate urban drainage
systems. To resolve such drainage problems, the LGUs (the governments of the
cities/municipalities) have proposed the maintenance, rehabilitation and improvement of the
drainage systems in their jurisdiction areas as a part of the “Medium-Term Development Plan
for 2010-2013.” However, the implementation period of the plan is limited to a three-year
period from 2010-2013 while sustainable rehabilitation and improvement are deemed to be
indispensable. From this point of view, a conceptual plan for the captioned project is worked
out assuming that the project shall be implemented as the annual regular program toward
2025.
 FL-C-04: Integration of Salient Points of IWRM for Pampanga River Basin into School
Curricula
One of the important issues on IWRM is addressed, in the stakeholder meeting, to
improvement of the residents’ awareness on the water-related management works. Moreover,
the improvement of public morals is important to the avoidance of unfavorable activities
against IWRM such as garbage dumping into the waterways and encroachment along the river
areas. To attain such improvement of public awareness and public morals, this captioned
project is worked out.
9.5 Projects in the Sector of Watershed Management
The 2003 Revised Master Plan for Forestry Development (MPFD) raised a policy to enhance the
life-sustaining functions of vital forest ecosystems by pursuing the following objectives:
9-6
 To sustainably manage the watershed and forest by capable institutions with active participation
of empowered stakeholders;
 To enhance protective and biodiversity values of forests;
 To improve the quality of life of upland communities actively participating in sustainable forest
management through CBFM;
 To enhance and improve decision-making processes on forest management through the adoption
of improved management and information systems as well as a fully relevant monitoring and
evaluation system; and
 To enhance forestry institutions’ effectiveness, efficiency and competence in forest
administration, forest conservation/management and forest protection.
At the regional level, the parallel thrusts are laid out in the Operation Plan for the Manila Bay Coastal
Strategy. Among the objectives of this Operation Plan in relation to habitat and resource degradation
are: (a) to establish, restore and manage declared protected areas and critical habitats in the Manila
Bay region; (b) to increase the forest cover of the watersheds; and (c) to rehabilitate and manage
mangrove areas.
Consistent with the national and regional thrusts, the twin goals are set for the watershed management
sector under the proposed IWRM Plan, namely; (a) to intensify management, protection and
maintenance of vulnerable and ecologically sensitive areas; and (b) to increase forest cover of
critically denuded uplands and mangrove areas and urban corridors. The on-going, proposed and
conceptual projects for this sector are selected to comply with the above twin sector goals and at the
same time, to cope with the problems and issues identified in Section 6.5. The results of the selection
are as shown in the table below.
Table 9.5.1 Projects for Watershed Management
Problems and Issues to be complied by the
Project
Project
Poor
Watershed Weak
Status Code Name of Project Implementing Agency Institutional
Degradation Reforestation
Coordination
WS-G-01 Forest Protection and Law Enforcement Program (FPLEP) DENR/PENRO/CENRO ○
WS-G-02 Community-based Forest Management Program DENR/RCBFMO ○ ○
Integrated Agro-Forestry Development Program
WS-G-03 (CBFM-CARP) DENR/RCBFMO/DAR ○
WS-G-04 Coastal Resource Management Program (CRMP) DENR/PAWCZMS ○
Protected Area Community-based Resource Management
WS-G-05 Program (CBFM-PACBRMA) DENR/PAWCZMS ○
On-going WS-G-06 Private Forest Plantation Development Program (PFPDP) DENR-FRCD ○

WS-G-07 NIA-UPRIIS’ Watershed Management Program NIA-UPRIIS ○
WS-G-08 NPC's Watershed Management Program NPC ○
WS-G-09 Integrated Social Forestry (ISF) Projects LGUs/DENR/RCBFMO ○
WS-G-10 Private-sector Watershed Management Initiatives Private Firm/NGOs ○
WS-G-11 Forestlands Management Project (FMP) DENR-FASPO ○
WS-G-12 Pampanga River Basin Rehabilitation Project (PRBRP) DENR-FRCD ○
WS-C-01 Upland Development Program DA/DENR/LGUs ○
WS-C-02 Protected Area Management Program (PAMP) DENR/PAWCZMS ○
Conceptual
WS-C-03 Urban Greening Program DENR/LGUs/Pvt. Sector ○
WS-C-04 Community-based Eco-tourism Program DOT/DENR/LGUs ○
As listed above, there are twelve (12) on-going projects for watershed management in the study area.
These projects cover the various objectives such as (a) reforestation in the denuded erosion-prone
areas; (b) improvement of livelihood of the residents based on the agro-forestry; (c) protection of
classified forestland against illegal activities such as illegal logging, forest fires and encroachment into
forest land; (d) capacity building of the relevant stakeholders on the proper watershed management;
and (e) strengthening of the institutional setup for watershed management.
9-7
Upon review on these on-going projects, the major concerns are addressed to the four (4) conceptual
projects described below. These projects are expected to cope with the issues/problems which could
hardly be solved by the on-going projects:
 WS-C-01: Upland Development Program (UDP)
There is no specific intervention in the basin that will effectively mitigate the trend of rapid
soil erosion and restore biodiversity in the uplands. The only initiative in the basin that
directly addressed this concern is the World Bank-Assisted Watershed Management and
Erosion Control Project (WMECP) which ended in 1991. DENR records show that at present,
about 18,000 ha of forestlands and 4,100 ha of A&D lands in the upland of the basin are
severely eroded. Hence, this conceptual project is proposed to benefit 20% of these severely
eroded areas by introducing appropriate diversified upland farming systems. In addition it will
also benefit some 6,000 ha of the severely denuded uplands within the two (2) watersheds that
support two national irrigation systems, namely; Porac-Gumain and O’Donnell.
 WS-C-02: Protected Area Management Program (PAMP)
There are five (5) watershed forest reserves and three (3) national parks in the basin that
comprise the initial components of the NIPAS as informally declared by Congress. However,
none of these has been formally established as a NIPAS site. Under these conditions, this
conceptual project is proposed in order to work towards the formal establishment of the
priority sites as NIPAS through declaration by Congress and the Chief Executive. The priority
sites are considered the most critical in the basin in terms of conservation of biodiversity,
unique ecosystems and cultural heritage.
 WS-C-03: Urban Greening Program
Very little attention has been paid to greening the urban areas and restoring some degree of
ecological balance in the built-up areas. Urban greening is widely recognized as one of the
effective strategies in the lowlands to mitigate downstream flooding, arrest urban air pollution,
improve the scenery and restore the aesthetic value of urban sprawl. Hence, this conceptual
project is proposed to restore vegetation corridors along highways, river/drainage channels,
school campuses, public plazas and subdivisions. The project is deemed to be a more logical
and strategic greening option for LGUs in lieu of upland reforestation in the sense that these
urban corridors are definitely “closer to home” to most communities than the forest
hinterlands.
 WS-C-04: Community-Based Eco-Tourism Program
A number of protected areas or critical habitats in the basin present a high potential for
eco-tourism development. Three (3) particular sites in the basin are already drawing tourist
traffic, namely; Pantabangan Dam, Biak-na-Bato National Park, and Candaba Swamp.
However, these sites lack adequate facilities and services for eco-tourism. Specifically,
appropriate infrastructures are needed to support low-impact tour activities that could provide
value-added in terms of gaining public awareness and support to conservation priorities and
providing additional income to organized communities. Examples include access trails to
scenic spots, transport facilities, guided tour transports, hostels/visitor hosting facilities,
restaurants/kiosks, trekking and camping grounds, souvenir shops, extreme sports facilities,
audio-visual rooms, wildlife sanctuaries and the like. In addition, eco-tourism could generate
funds as environmental fees to sustain habitat conservation efforts in these areas. For these
reasons, this conceptual project is proposed with the full participation of community
stakeholders.
9.6 Projects in the Sector of Water-Related Environment Management
The national strategy on the water-related environmental management is oriented to the coordinated
management of water-related environment for maintaining the life-sustaining functions of vital
ecosystems. There is also a parallel inter-sector effort to restore the ecological integrity of Manila
Bay and to improve the environmental quality of the river basins fronting the Bay including Pampanga
9-8
river basin. This is laid out in the Operational Plan for the Manila Bay Coastal Strategy (OPMBCS),
which became the basis for the Supreme Court mandamus compelling relevant agencies to clean up
Manila Bay. Taking these national/regional strategies and/or policies into account, the following two
folds are assumed as the specific water-related environmental management goals under the IWRM
Plan for Pampanga river basin:
 To strengthen water quality monitoring, data management, regulatory and decision support
systems; and
 To reduce pollution load from various sources in key areas of Pampanga river basin in order to
render quality of waters fit for specified uses.
The on-going, proposed and conceptual programs and projects for this sector are selected to comply
with the above sector goals and, at the same time, to cope with the problems and issues identified in
the Section 6.6. The results of the selection are as shown in the table below.
Table 9.6.1 Projects for Water-Related Environmental Management
Project
Inadequate Contamination
Implementing Water Quality of Surface,
Status Code Name of Project
Agency Data Generation Ground and
and Management Coastal Waters
WQ-G-01 Ecological Solid Waste Management Program (ESWMP) DENR-EMB III ○
On-going
WQ-G-02 Industrial Pollution Control Program (IPCP) DENR-EMB III ○
DENR-EMB/
WQ-G-03 Sagip-Ilog Project ○
LGUs/Pvt. Sector
Proposed WQ-P-01 Clean Development Mechanism Private Industries ○
Capacity Development to Upgrade WQ Monitoring and
WQ-C-01 DENR-EMB ○ ○
Data Management Program
Capacity Development to Improve Water Quality and
WQ-C-02 DA-BFAR ○
Aquaculture Fisheries Management
Conceptual Capacity Development Project to Improve Industry DTI/DENR/
WQ-C-03 ○
Adoption of Cleaner Production Options Private Industries
Construction of Sanitary Landfills and Support Facilities
WQ-C-04 in Nueva Ecija and Cluster Waste Transfer Stations in LGUs ○
Bulacan and Pampanga
As listed in Table 9.6.1, there are three (3) on-going projects and one (1) proposed project which could
be useful for the mitigation of contamination of surface water, groundwater and coastal water. In
spite of the current efforts by the on-going/proposed projects, two (2) principal issues as listed in
Table 9.6.1 are expected to still remain, and the following conceptual projects are proposed in order to
cope with the issues.
 WQ-C-01: Capacity Development to Upgrade Water Quality Monitoring and Data Management
Program
Monitoring data on surface water quality in the study area is extremely inadequate and there is
no inventory done on the potential pollution sources in the basin. These make it difficult to
ascertain the actual status of pollution loading in the water bodies. Moreover, the EMB
regional office lacks the manpower, laboratory capability and water quality data processing,
storage and retrieval system necessary to cope with the enormous tasks required to implement
the Clean Water Act. For these reasons, this conceptual project is proposed to be implemented
in a step-wise manner, with particular attention to: (a) rationalizing the choice of monitoring
stations, parameters, sampling frequency and timing in relation to potential pollution sources;
(b) improving laboratory and data management capability in order to better inform
management decision; and (c) improving public awareness and institutional coordination
mechanisms among related water quality regulatory and permitting bodies.
9-9
 WQ-C-02: Capacity Development to Improve Water Quality and Aquaculture Fisheries
Management
The preliminary estimates in this study show that fisheries contribute 24% of the basin’s
potential pollution load. Current fisheries programs, however, are concerned only with
increasing productivity without due regard for the potential impact of nutrient overloading and
other unsustainable cultural practices involved in fishpond operations, which could lead to
serious water pollution problems like eutrophication. This conceptual project is proposed in
order to improve the capacity of fishpond operators to adopt proven and emerging aquaculture
technologies and best management practices, including the use of the so-called “pro-biotic,”
that will improve water quality and ensure the sustainability of aquaculture operations.
 WQ-C-03: Capacity Development Project to Improve Industry Adoption of Cleaner Production
Options
Some of the major industries and commercial livestock farms in the basin already employ
green industry options including waste-to-fuel or waste-to-energy facilities (e.g., bio-gas
digesters), wastewater effluent recycling, composting for fertilizer production; alternative fuel
or raw material from solid wastes, among others. However, most small- and medium-scale
industries in the basin have neither the technological know-how nor resource capability to
adopt these and other emerging cleaner production technologies and management practices.
This conceptual project is meant to identify and improve adoption by non-compliant industries
of the most appropriate among the available and emerging pollution reduction opportunities in
order to improve their compliance with the Clean Water Act.
 WQ-C-04: Construction of Sanitary Landfills and Support Facilities in Nueva Ecija and Cluster
Waste Transfer Stations in Bulacan and Pampanga
Owing to budgetary constraints, the LGUs in the basin are able to implement their 10-year
ESWM Plans on a limited scale and only involving the soft measures (e.g., IEC, segregation,
recycling, etc.). To improve compliance with RA 9003, N. Ecija proposes to construct
5 sanitary landfill and support facilities in Gen. Tinio and Sta. Rosa and the cities of Muñoz,
San Jose and Palayan. On the other hand, most LGUs can hardly afford to construct sanitary
landfills. As an alternative, the construction of transfer stations-cum-materials recovery
facilities (MRFs) is proposed for highly urbanized LGUs in Bulacan and Pampanga in order to
optimize the use of the existing but under-utilized sanitary landfills in Capas, Tarlac and
San Jose Del Monte, Bulacan as final dumping area.
9.7 Inter-Sector Projects for Water Resources Development, Allocation and Distribution
The water resource development, allocation and distribution discussed in this section aims at
supporting the achievement of goals especially for two (2) sectors, namely; (a) agriculture/irrigation
and fishery; and (b) municipal water supply, sanitation and sewerage. Of development projects of
water resources for these sectors, those for agriculture/irrigation and fishery development may make
lower economic contributions as compared with those for municipal water supply. In the IWRM
Plan for Pampanga river basin, however, preservation of the present agricultural productivities is given
priority over the economic contribution considering the importance to secure the job opportunities in
the agricultural sector and attain the poverty alleviation in the rural area. In line with this basic
consideration, the policy of water resources development, allocation and distribution is oriented to the
equal importance of both goals in the two (2) sectors.
The water resources development could also make a contribution of the hydropower generation.
However, the increase of capacity of hydropower generation in Pampanga river basin is not considered
as the primary issue, since many indicative hydropower plants are projected outside Pampanga river
basin for further increase of installed capacity in the Luzon grid as described in National Energy Plan,
2006.
The conceptual projects are selected to comply with the above strategy and, at the same time, to cope
with the problems and issues identified in the Section 6.7. The results of the selection are as listed in
9-10
the table below, and the backgrounds of selection of these conceptual projects are as described in the
items (1) to (4).
Table 9.7.1 Inter-Sector Projects for Water Resources Development, Allocation and Distribution
Project Problems and Issues to be complied by the Project
Securing of Expected Increase

Inadequate
Necessary of Conflict among
Sustainable Reliability of
Water Sources Water Users,
Implementing Water Source for Water Supply
Status Code Name of Project for Expansion especially between
Agency Municipal Water in
of Large Municipal and
Supply Angat-Umiray
Irrigation Irrigation Water
System
System Users
Establishment of Comprehensive
NWRB/
IS-C-01 Groundwater Monitoring in ○
Others
Project for Recovery of NWRB/NIA/
IS-C-02 Reliability of Water Supply in MWSS/NPC/ ○
Angat-Umiray System LGU
Conceptual Enhancement of Monitoring
NWRB/
IS-C-03 System for Surface Water in ○
Others
Capacity Development of
NWRB and Relevant Agencies NWRB/
IS-C-04 ○ ○
on Water Allocation and Others
Distribution
 IS-C-01: Establishment of Comprehensive Groundwater Monitoring in Pampanga River Basin

This conceptual project is proposed to step-wisely develop the comprehensive monitoring
system on the water level of the groundwater as well as the land subsidence in strategic
locations based on geology within the river basin so as to execute the proper groundwater
resources management.
 IS-C-02: Project for Recovery of Reliability of Water Supply in Angat-Umiray System
As described in the foregoing Section 6.7(3), the present water supply capacity of
Angat-Umiray System is currently below its relevant water demand due to the remarkable
increment of the municipal water demand of Metro Manila. In spite of such critical shortage
of the water supply capacity, no definite new water resources development scheme has been
committed. In order to recover the reliability of the water supply in Angat-Umiray System,
this conceptual project is proposed to increase the supply capacity by the development of new
water resources and reduction of the present irrigation demand by more efficient irrigation
water supply (refer to Section 10.2).
 IS-C-03: Enhancement of Monitoring System for Surface Water in Pampanga River
The usage of surface water will increase and become more complicated because of diverse
water movement by abstraction for irrigation and municipal use and their return flow. To
utilize the limited water resources more efficiently and effectively, it is vital to monitor the
actual condition of water movement by a natural and artificial drainage system. From this
point of view, this conceptual project is proposed to realize the inter-sector surface monitoring
system by enhancing the existing monitoring system of each sector and agency.
 IS-C-04: Capacity Development of NWRB and Relevant Agencies on Water Allocation and
Distribution
In order to cope with the future incremental potential conflicts among water users, it is
indispensable to improve the methodology of water allocation as well as water permitting
system. From this point of view, this conceptual project is proposed to execute the capacity
development of NWRB and relevant agencies on water allocation and distribution.
9-11
Chapter 10. Preliminary Study on Alternative Approaches to
Specific Issues
10.1 General
Of the 84 projects selected as components of the IWRM Plan in Chapter 9, the nine (9) projects listed
in Table 10.1.1 are preliminarily estimated to possibly contain several alternative approaches to cope
with their own specific issues, and feasibility study would be required to select the optimum approach
among the alternatives. However, it is virtually difficult to carry out the feasibility study for all of
these projects in detail at the time of formulation of the IWRM Plan due to the constraints on the
information for the projects and the time for the study. In line with the rules adopted to formulate the
IWRM Plan as described in Section 7.5, the preliminary study is made, at this study stage, on the
particular projects, which are judged to be prominently influential to the entire IWRM Plan and could
provide the basic information for the preliminary study.
Table 10.1.1 Projects Estimated to contain Alternative Approaches to Specific Issues
Code Project Title Contents of Comparative Study on Alternative Approaches
The optimum plan shall be selected among the alternative
New Construction of Small Scale
AI-C-01 combinations of development of the 46 potential sites for
Irrigation Project under BSWM
small-scale irrigation.
combinations of those not selected by the project, e.g., IS-C-02 is
Extended Bulacan Bulk Water Supply selected among (a) development of Bayabas storage dam;
MW-C-05
Project (b) development of Balintingon storage dam; (c) upgrading of
irrigation system of AMRIS; and (d) other water sources outside
the Pampanga river basin such as Laiban dam.
combinations of (a) development of residual groundwater at
MW-C-06 Pampanga Bulk Water Supply Project
surrounding cities/municipalities; (b) development of Gumain
storage dam; (c) direct abstraction from Pampanga River.
The optimum plan shall be determined among the alternative
MP-C-01 Septage Treatment and Disposal Facility combination of project sites and basic project components as well
as implementation scheme.
combinations of (a) river channel improvement; and
(b) construction of flood retarding basin at Candaba Swamp. The
FL-C-01 Flood Mitigation for Pampanga Delta
optimum design scale for flood mitigation plan shall also be
selected among the alternative design scales of 5, 10 and 20-year
return period.
WS-C-01 Upland Development Program (UDP)
combination of project sites and basic project components.
Community-Based Eco-Tourism The optimum plan shall be determined among the alternative
WS-C-04
Program combination of project sites and basic project components.
Construction of Sanitary Landfills and
Support Facilities in Nueva Ecija and
WQ-C-04 combination of project sites and basic project components as well
Cluster Waste Transfer Stations in
as implementation scheme.
Bulacan and Pampanga
combinations of (a) development of Bayabas storage dam;
Project for Recovery of Reliability of
IS-C-02 (b) development of Balintingon storage dam; (c) upgrading of
Water Supply in Angat-Umiray System
irrigation system of AMRIS; and (d) Other water source outside
the Pampanga river basin such as Laiban dam
In this study, the preliminary study was provisionally made for two (2) projects, FL-C-01 and IS-C-02,
among the nine (9) projects listed in Table 10.1.1. The principal features of these projects are as
described in the following Subsections 10.1.1 and 10.1.2, and the detailed contents of the preliminary
study are in Sections 10.2 and 10.3.
10-1
10.1.1 Project for Recovery of Reliability of Water Supply in Angat-Umiray System (IS-C-02)
This project aims at dealing with the inadequate reliability of water supply in the Angat-Umiray
system. The system currently causes the serious and chronic water shortage in the downstream
national irrigation system of AMRIS, and there could be several alternative combinations of the
possible countermeasures to cope with the issue such as: (a) development of Bayabas Dam as a new
supplementary source for water supply of the Angat-Umiray system; (b) canal lining for the AMRIS to
curtail the water demand for irrigation; (c) development of Balintingon Dam with conveyance system
to AMRIS as the supplementary source for water supply; and (d) reduction of municipal water demand
from the Angat-Umiray system by developing new water sources outside the Pampanga river basin.
In addition, the introduction of new water saving technologies for irrigation could be the potential
measure for the reduction of irrigation water demand.
10.1.2 Flood Mitigation for Pampanga Delta (FL-C-01)
This project aims at coping with the chronic and serious flood damage along the downstream of
Pampanga River (the mainstream), where no dynamic flood mitigation measure has been introduced
since the Pampanga Delta Development Project - Flood Component (PDDP-FC), Phase I was
completed in 2002. The major hindrances to implementation of the flood mitigation project for the
downstream of Pampanga River are the houses densely packed along the river channel, which requires
an extremely large number of resettlement for river channel improvement. Taking the necessary
number of resettlement and other socio-economic and environmental impacts into account, integrative
flood mitigation measures are preliminary examined at the concept level.
10.2 Water Resources Development, Allocation and Distribution
10.2.1 Principal Issue on Water Resources Development, Allocation and Distribution in
Angat-Umiray System
Angat-Umiray river system possesses the water resource development facilities of Angat multipurpose
dam reservoir together with the basin-transfer system from Umiray River to the dam reservoir, and it
has been used as the water source for the irrigation of “AMRIS” and the municipal water use in Metro
Manila since 1967. However, the municipal water demand in Metro Manila has continued to
increase due to the dynamic increment of the urban population, while no fundamental water resources
development for such incremental demand has been carried out. As the result, Angat-Umiray System
has been causing the water shortage for almost every two years at present.
Moreover, the Province of Bulacan had acquired the water use permit of 1.9m3/s from the source of
Angat-Umiray System, based on the MOU among MWSS, LWUA and the Provincial Government of
Bulacan in 1992. This water use permit has not been in force yet but it is expected as the water
sources for the Bulacan Treated Bulk Water Supply Project which is proposed to cope with the
deterioration of groundwater used as the present source for municipal water supply. Nevertheless,
the water use permit is hardly promised due to the aforesaid current low reliability of water supply by
Angat-Umiray System.
Under the above conditions, the reliability of water supply both for municipal and irrigation water use
in Angat-Umiray System shall be one of the most crucial issues in Pampanga river basin, and various
alternative approaches are identified to cope with the issue. Hence, this subsection discusses the
comparison of alternatives to the recovery of reliability of water supply in Angat-Umiray System.
10.2.2 Possible Options for Recovery of Reliability of Water Supply in Angat-Umiray System
The IWRM Plan formulated in this study takes a strategy such that the primary irrigation area shall be
preserved to keep the agricultural productivity and secure the job opportunities in the agricultural
sector. With reference to the results of the previous/ongoing study and the programs proposed by the
relevant agencies, the seven (7) potential options are firstly assumed as the measures to recover the
reliability of water supply in Angat-Umiray System. However, taking the project economical and
technical viabilities into account, three (3) of the said potential options are excluded from the
objectives of the alternative study in this subsection: The potential and objective options for the
alternative study are as listed in Table 10.2.1.
10-2
Table 10.2.1 Possible Options for Recovery of Water Supply in Angat-Umiray System
Selected for
Category Option
Alternative Study
A: Option to increase water resources
A-1: Development of Bayabas Storage Dam Selected
potential of Angat-Umiray System
B-1: Development of Balintingon Storage Dam and
Selected
Conveyance System to AMRIS
B-2: Conveyance of Excess Water from UPRIIS to AMRIS Excluded
B: Options to decrease the irrigation water B-3: Upgrading and Improvement of Irrigation Facilities
Selected
demand to Angat-Umiray System and Water Management of AMRIS
B-4: Direct abstraction of surface water of Pampanga River
Excluded
at around Apalit and conveyance by pumps to AMRIS
B-5: Water saving technology Excluded
C: Options to reduce the municipal water
C-1: Development of Laiban Dam as the New Water
demand of Metro Manila to Selected
Source outside Pampanga river basin
Angat-Umiray System
The above seven (7) options are as briefly described below.

(1) Option A-1: Development of Bayabas Storage Dam
Development of Bayabas storage dam with 144MCM in effective storage volume is proposed
in the catchment area of Bayabas River, a tributary of Angat River. This storage dam could be
utilized as the backup water supply source for irrigation of AMRIS, and it releases the water
only when the water level of Angat Dam drops to around the critical level for reservoir
operation (EL.180m above MSL). This would be the only possible option to increase water
resources potential in Angat-Umiray System. It is however noted that the water use permit at
this dam site was already granted to the Provincial Government of Bulacan in 2004; therefore,
this Option is the subject of transfer of the water use permit from Bulacan Province to the
present users of Angat-Umiray System (i.e., NIA or MWSS).
(2) Option B-1: Development of Balintingon Storage Dam and Conveyance to AMRIS
Development of Balintingon storage dam with 488MCM in effective storage volume is now
being proposed in the catchment area of Peñaranda River, a tributary of Pampanga River,
which is located north of Angat-Umiray System. The dam was originally proposed for
developing the new Balintingon Irrigation Area of 14,900ha in the lower reaches of the dam
reservoir. On the other hand, this Option is proposed in this study to transfer a part of the
discharge from the dam to AMRIS by reducing the irrigation area from the proposed 14,900ha
to 10,000ha. It is herein noted that the water permit for the river flow at the proposed dam site
has been already granted but a substantial part of it needs to be transferred to the water users
of dam reservoir.
(3) Option B-2: Conveyance of Excess Water from UPRIIS to AMRIS
This option is to convey the excess water in the existing irrigation area of UPRIIS to the lower
Maasim diversion dam using the existing UPRIIS Division-4 CX-3 canal. However, the
excess water could be available only when expansion of new irrigation area in UPRIIS
Division-5 is canceled or reduced, while such cancelation/reduction is judged to be not
realistic, because the diversion facilities have already been completed. Accordingly, this
option is not adopted for further alternative study.
(4) Option B-3: Upgrading and Improvement of Irrigation Facilities and Water Management
of AMRIS
This option is to upgrade the main canals in AMRIS by concrete lining so as to reduce the
conveyance loss in the canals. By the concrete lining of the main canals, 5% of diversion
water requirement is expected to be reduced by preventing leakage from canals. Soft
component for improvement of water management is also included.
10-3
(5) Option B-4: Direct Abstraction of Surface Water of Pampanga River around Apalit and
Conveyance by Pumps to AMRIS
This option was considered by MWSS as one of possible alternate sources of Angat-Umiray
System. The water is abstracted at around Apalit in Pampanga River and conveyed to
AMRIS by pumps. However, this Option requires huge amount of energy for pumping,
causing extremely high operation and maintenance cost, so that it is not selected for further
alternative study.
(6) Option B-5: Water Saving Technology (WST)
The Department of Agriculture wrestles with spreading of the water saving technology (WST),
which would be useful to save the irrigation water and thus maintaining the productivity of
rice. However, the WST is still experimental and it is difficult to assure the saving of water
to keep the production at the moment. From this point of view, this Option is not selected for
further alternative study.
(7) Option C-1: Development of Laiban Dam as the New Water Source outside Pampanga
River Basin
This option is to develop new water resources outside Pampanga river basin, aiming at
strengthening the supply capacity for the municipal water demand in Metro Manila. One of
the prominent development projects for municipal water supply in Metro Manila had been
addressed to the Laiban Dam Project, which would be implemented by the BOT scheme with
MWSS and San Miguel Corporation. However, MWSS terminated the negotiations for the
joint venture proposal of San Miguel Corporation on March 4, 2010.
10.2.3 Selection of Alternative Plans
The following two (2) items are identified as the updated requirements on the reliability of water
supply in Angat-Umiray System:
(1) To sustain the municipal water demand of 48.7m3/s (46m3/s for Metro Manila and 2.7m3/s for
Bulacan Province) on the premise of the design draft safety level of 10-year return period; and
(2) To sustain the present irrigation diversion requirement for the AMRIS’s irrigation area of
26,000 ha in dry season and 20,355 ha in wet season on the premise of the design drought level
of 5-year return period.
In order to fulfill the above requirements, the following four (4) alternative plans with the different
combinations of the aforesaid possible options are scrutinized as shown in Table 10.2.2.
Table 10.2.2 Components of the Alternative Plans
Alt. Annual Ave.
Components of the Alternative Plan
No. Supply
Option A-1: Development of Bayabas Storage Dam -*
Alt.-1
Option B-3: Upgrading and Improvement of Irrigation Facilities and Water Management of AMRIS 0.9 m3/s
Option B-1: Development of Balintingon Storage Dam and Conveyance to AMRIS 2.9 m3/s
Alt.-2 Option B-3: Upgrading and Improvement of Irrigation Facilities and Water Management of AMRIS 1.0 m3/s
Option C-1: Development of Laiban Dam as the New Water Source out of Pampanga River Basin 0.5 m3/s
Option B-3: Upgrading and Improvement of Irrigation Facilities and Water Management of AMRIS 1.0 m3/s
Al.-3
Option C-1: Development of Laiban Dam as the New Water Source out of Pampanga River Basin 3.1 m3/s
Alt.-4 Option C-1: Development of Laiban Dam as the New Water Source out of Pampanga River Basin 4.0 m3/s
*: Bayabas storage dam supplies water to AMRIS only in drought year when the water level of Angat dam reservoir drops
below EL. 184m above MSL.
10.2.4 Evaluation of Alternative Plans

The above four (4) alternative plans are evaluated from the several different points of view as shown
in Table 10.2.3.
10-4
Table 10.2.3 Comparison of Alternative Plans
Project Annual Hydropower
Alt. No. Cost* Output Socio-Environment Institutional Arrangement Technical Viability
(mil. PHP) (GWh/year)
Geological condition
Environmental  It is necessary to review the water
in/around dam reservoir
Alt.-1 843 548 flow shall be taken use permit granted to NIA, Bulacan
must be carefully
into account. and MWSS.
investigated.
 It is necessary to review the present
water use permit on Peñaranda
River. Water conveyance method
Resettlement of
 Conveyance of water to AMRIS from Balintingon Dam to
Alt.-2 1,085 563 around a thousand
requires agreement of the Prov. of AMRIS should be
families is required
Nueva Ecija and Bulacan. carefully studied.
 The implementation body of Laiban
Dam project has not been fixed yet.
Resettlement of
 The implementation body of Laiban
Alt.-3 1,002 569 about 4,300 No significant problem
Dam project has not been fixed yet.
families is required
Alt.-4 1,077 573 - ditto - - ditto - No significant problem
Note*: Project cost includes the initial investment cost and the annual O&M cost and it is expressed as the annual cost assuming
the annual discount rate of 10% and the project life of 50 years.
As listed above, Alternative 1 would require the least project cost and far less resettlement as
compared with the other alternatives. On the other hand, the Alternative 1 would cause an
institutional issue in such that the water use permit of the Province of Bulacan has to be transfer to
NIA, but such institutional issue is judged not to be a fatal problem. The only major concern on
Alternative 1 concerns the geological conditions in and around the extent of the proposed dam
reservoir area because severe landslide and soil erosion are observed at just the upstream of the
proposed dam site. According to the preliminary field survey, such landslide and soil erosion are also
judged not to be fatal to the construction of Bayabas Dam, but further detailed boring test and other
geological surveys are required to confirm the technical viability of the dam.
As compared with Alternative 1, the other alternatives contain prominent disadvantages in the aspect
of resettlement. Moreover, difficulties are foreseeable in implementing the Laiban Dam Project, which
is one of the components for all alternatives other than Alternative 1, because MWSS encountered
difficulties in completing the joint venture proposal for the construction of Laiban Dam with San
Miguel Corporation.
From the above points of view, Alternative 1, which contains development of Bayabas storage dam
and upgrading/improvement of irrigation facilities and water management of AMRIS, is selected as
the optimum plan. Alternative 1 is, however, subject to further detailed geological survey in and
around the reservoir area of Bayabas Dam.
10.2.5 Required Follow-up Programs for Recovery of Reliability of Water Supply in
Angat-Umiray System
In order to materialize the aforesaid optimum plan for recovery of reliability of water supply in
Angat-Umiray System, it is provisionally proposed to carry out the following feasibility study and
capacity development in the next stages:
(1) Feasibility Study on Recovery of Reliability of Water Supply in Angat-Umiray System: The
Study aims at clarifying the viabilities of Bayabas Dam in technical as well as economical,
financial, socio-environmental and institutional aspects.
(2) Capacity Development of NWRB and Relevant Agencies on Water Allocation and Distribution:
The captioned capacity development is proposed to improve the water governance in
Angat-Umiray system.
10-5
10.3 Flood Management
10.3.1 Principal Issue on Flood Risk in the Lower Pampanga River Basin
Since the eruption of Mt. Pinatubo in 1991, several projects have been undertaken or being proposed
to cope with the flood problems associated with the large volume of sediment run-off in Porac river
basin. As for Pampanga river basin, however, no prominent flood mitigation plan has been introduced
since the Pampanga Delta Development Project Flood Component (PDDP-FC), Phase I was
completed at a reduced scale due to the budgetary constraints and difficulty of land acquisition of the
Philippine government. Under such conditions, flood damages occur along the down/midstream of
Pampanga River almost every year in spite of a certain effect of flood mitigation by Phase I.
The principal hindrance in implementing the flood mitigation works for the downstream of Pampanga
River concerns the houses densely packed along the river channel which requires a large number of
resettlement for the widening of river channel. The previous PDDP FC Phase I had required the
resettlement of 1,851 households, and the proposed PDDP FC Phase-II would further require the
resettlement of about 6,709 households for its target river channel improvement of 30km in length.
Taking the occurrence of frequent disastrous flood damage and the difficulties in implementing the
river channel improvement works into account, integrative flood mitigation measures for the PDDP
Phase II river channel improvement are preliminarily examined at the concept level in this Section.
10.3.2 Objective Area
The PDDP FC is divided into three (3) phases, namely; Phase I, Phase II and Phase III. Among others,
Phase I was completed with the projected channel improvement section of about 300m in length
remaining in 2002. Following Phase I, Phase II is expected to start, covering the river channel
improvement in the lower reaches from Apalit. Phase III is further proposed, as a part of the master
plan for PDDP, to undertake the channel improvement of Pampanga River from Apalit to the
confluence with the Maasim River1) (refer to Figure 10.3.1).
The extent of the objective flood mitigation areas is about 324km2, and it administratively belongs to
the municipalities of Calumpit, Hagonoy and Paombong in the Province of Bulacan and the
municipalities of Macabebe and Apalit in the Province of Pampanga.
Candaba Floodway
North Candaba
Swamp
Maasim River
Objective Area of
Objective Area of Phase-III
Phase-I
(Completed)
Objective Area of
Phase-II
Source: Feasibility Report on the Pampanga Delta Development Project, 1982, JICA
Figure 10.3.1 Objective Flood Mitigation Area for PDDP-FC
10-6
10.3.3 Possible Options for Flood Mitigation of the Lower Pampanga River Basin
Taking the topographic and hydrological conditions in the objective area into account, the possible
options for the flood mitigation are assumed to be: (a) river channel improvement along the
downstream of Pampanga River; and (b) construction of flood retarding basin in the Candaba and San
Antonio swamps.
In addition, the design flood scale for the flood mitigation measures could be also optional, and the
PDDP adopted the 20-year return period as the design flood scale. However, Pampanga River
experiences flood overflow in almost every year. Therefore, flood mitigation works with even the
design flood scale of less than 20-year return period is expected to bring about a substantial flood
mitigation effect. At the same time, a lower design scale of flood mitigation project would require a
lesser number of house resettlement. From this point of view, the optimum design scale shall be also
clarified.
10.3.4 Selection of Alternatives
The alternative flood mitigation plans have various combinations of the aforesaid two (2) optional
flood mitigation measures (i.e., Option 1 for river channel improvement and Option 2 for flood
retarding basin in North Candaba Swamp and/or San Antonio Swamp). The alternative flood
mitigation plans would also possess various optional design scales within the limits of 20-year return
period. Based on the assumption on the above combination of options, eight (8) alternatives for flood
mitigation of the lower/middle Pampanga River are conceived, as shown in Table 10.3.1.
Table 10.3.1 Alternatives for Flood Mitigation of the Lower/Middle Reaches of Pampanga River
Design Scale
Optional 5-year return period 10-year return period 20-year return period
Flood Mitigation Measures
Option 1 Only ( = Sole river channel
Alternative – 1 Alternative – 2 Alternative -3
improvement without flood retarding basin)
Option 2 Only (= Sole flood retarding basin
Alternative – 4 Alternative – 5 -*
without river channel improvement)
Combination of Option 1 and Option 2 Alternative – 6 Alternative – 7 Alternative – 8
Note: *: The design flood scale of 20-year return period is hardly attained solely by the flood retarding basin in Candaba
Swamp without the river channel improvement. (Refer to Section E.3.3.2 in Sector Report E). Accordingly, this
alternative is ruled out from the potential alternatives.
10.3.5 Evaluation of Alternatives

The above eight (8) alternatives are evaluated from seven (7) points of evaluation as summarized in
Table 10.3.2.
Table 10.3.2 Summary of Evaluation of Alternative Plans
Points of Evaluation
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)
Alt. Regional
Impacts to Impacts to Adaptation
No. Technical Economic Benefit to Equity in the
Social Natural to Climate
Viability Viability Water Use Flood Safety
Environment Environment Change
Level
1 High C A- B- A-
2 High C A- B- B-
3 High B+ A- B-
4 Fair C B- A- A+ A- B+
5 Fair C B- A- A+ B- B+
6 Fair C B- A- A+ A- B+
7 Fair C B- A- A+ B- B+
8 Fair B+ A- A- A+ B+
Note:
Technical Viability: High = Technical viability has been already confirmed; Fair = Technical viability has not been
confirmed yet but no particular technical difficulty in executing the project is foreseeable;
Low = There remain uncertainties in the technical viability of the project
Other Evaluation: A+ stands for large positive impact, A- for large negative impact, B+ for medium positive impact,
B- for medium positive impact, C for uncertain, and No Score for no or negligible impact
10-7
As listed above, Alternatives-1, 2, 3 and 8, which adopt the large scale river channel improvement
along the downstream of Pampanga River, are evaluated to cause a serious negative impact to the
“social” environment. This evaluation is attributed to the large number of resettlement of houses
required for the river channel improvement.
On the other hand, the Alternatives 4 to 8, which will use the Candaba Swamp as the flood retarding
basin, may require house resettlement though the large resettlement is not required, and they could
cause serious impacts to the “natural” environment in the Swamp because of the impounding of
floodwaters in the swamp. The Candaba Swamp is an important habitat for migratory birds during
the rainy season and declared as a bird sanctuary by LGU. Moreover, the swamp is proposed as a
candidate for the Ramsar Site and/or the East Asian-Australasian Flyway. Judging from these
situations, difficulties in constructing a flood retarding basin in the swamp are foreseeable.
As for the alternative design scales for flood mitigation, it is evaluated that the alternatives which
adopt the design scale of 20-year return period may lead to the dynamic increment of houses to be
resettled, while the alternatives which have the design scale of 5-year return period is hardly verified
from the viewpoint of regional equity in the flood safety level.
As stated above, any alternatives are still hardly selected as optimum plan at this preliminarily study
stage due to the estimated serious negative impacts in the aspects of the resettlement required and the
preservation of the natural environment. Under this condition, the non-structural flood mitigation
measures such as usage of the flood forecasting and warning system and promotion of the watershed
management (i.e. reforestation and hillside works on the steep slope area) are expected to take an
important role for the chronic flood damages in Pampanga river basin, which occur almost every year.
The existing and proposed non-structural measures for Pampanga river basin are as enumerated below:
 The flood forecasting and warning system for the entire Pampanga river basin had been
established in 1981 through the financial and technical assistance of Government of Japan., and
it is now being operated and managed by PAGASA. The real time information on the storm
rainfall and river flow discharge could be gauged and used for early flood forecasting and
evacuation.
 The flood forecasting and warning system for operation of Pantabangan and Angat dam
reservoirs had been established in 1994 through the financial and technical assistance of
Government of Japan., and it is now being operated and managed by PAGASA. Moreover, the
capacity building for operation of the system is now being carried out through the technical
assistance by JICA on the premises of the target completion of 2015. This system is expected
to enhance the effective reservoir operation for flood control, which could lead to mitigation of
the flood damage in the lower reaches of Pampanga River.
 The community-based flood warning system aims at establishing the methods and procedures
for issuance of flood warning and evacuation and providing the necessary equipment for them
in each of provinces. The system had been already completed in Bulacan Province in 2006,
and establishment of the new systems is further proposed for Provinces of Pampanga, Tarlac
and Nueva Ecija.
 The twelve (12) major watershed management projects are now being implemented expanding
the forest coverage in Pampanga river basin, which could lead to increase the basin detention
capacity of the storm rainfall and reduce the flood damages in the lower reaches of Pampanga
river basin. Moreover, proposed is the Project of “WS-C-01: Upland Development Plan” in
the study, which aims at reforestation as well as hillside works on the steep slope leading to
reduction of the peak flood discharge and sediment runoff.
It is indispensable to carry out a further feasibility study in due consideration of: (a) the effectiveness
of the above non-structural measures and (b) the results of the topographic/river channel surveys, the
hydrological/hydraulic analysis and other basic surveys/analyses.
1) JICA: Feasibility Study on Pampanga Delta Development Project, February 1982.
10-8
Chapter 11. Formulation of Project Implementation Schedule, Project
Investment Plan and Development Scenario
11.1 Grouping of Projects
As described in Chapter 9, 84 projects have been selected as the eligible components of the IWRM for
Pampanga river basin (refer to Table 9.1.1 and Annexes-T 9.2.1, to 9.7.1). These projects are
classified into Group-A and Group-B in order to facilitate programming of the project implementation
schedule and development scenarios mentioned below. The detailed criteria for classification into
Group-A and Group-B are as described in Section 7.6.
As the result of classification, the projects are divided into Group-A and B as listed in Annex-T 1.1.1
and summarized Table 11.1.1. Group-A includes 43 projects and the investment cost of about
97 billion pesos in total. The Sector of “Municipal Water Supply, Sanitation and Sewerage” in
Group-A, which corresponds to about 71% of the group total, requires the largest cost of about
69 billion pesos.
On the other hand, Group-B includes 41 projects requiring the investment cost of about 72 billion
pesos. The Sector of “Agriculture/Irrigation and Fishery” takes 18 projects and the investment cost
of 55 billion pesos (or about 76% of the total), which is the largest in Group-B. The second largest is
in the Sector of Management of Flood and Sediment Disasters taking 7 projects and the project
investment cost of about 12 billion pesos (about 17% of the total).
Table 11.1.1 Results on the Grouping of Projects
Number of Project Cost
Group Project
Projects (million pesos)
Agriculture/Irrigation and Fishery Development 10 12,388
Municipal Water Supply, Sanitation and Sewerage Development 15 68,571
Management of Flood and Sediment Disasters 3 3,687
A Watershed Management 9 623
Water-Related Environmental Management 5 3,417
Inter-Sector Water Resources Development, Allocation and Distribution 1 7,966
Sub-total 43 96,652
Agriculture/Irrigation and Fishery Development 18 55,400
Municipal Water Supply, Sanitation and Sewerage Development 3 1,155
Management of Flood and Sediment Disasters 7 12,071
B Watershed Management 7 2,951
Water-Related Environmental Management 3 248
Inter-Sector Water Resources Development, Allocation and Distribution 3 607
Sub-total 41 72,432
Total 84 169,084
11.2 Project Implementation Schedule

11.2.1 Implementation Schedule for Group-A Projects
As described in Section 7.6 and 7.7, the development scenarios relevant to the Group-A projects are
firstly conceived taking the basic social and natural needs into account, and then the implementation
schedule for Group-A projects are set up to catch up with the development scenarios. The typical
development scenarios are as enumerated below:
 Development scenarios, which have to be timely implemented in accordance with the basic
human need: The typical scenario is the development of bulk municipal water supply system,
which has to be completed in the right term to meet the municipal water demand increased with
the urban population growth.
11-1
 The development scenarios, which shall be gradually attained throughout the short, mid and
long-term: The scenarios are oriented to the gradual improvement of social and/or natural
environment such as (a) increase of the access to the safe drinking water through expansion of
the piped water supply system and the sanitary toilets; (b) expansion of the forest cover through
yearly regular programs of reforestation; and (c) increase of agricultural activities through the
yearly regular maintenance and rehabilitation of the existing irrigation facilities.
The JICA Study Team proposes the development scenarios for the Group-A projects in due
consideration of: (a) the problems/issues on IWRM in Pampanga river basin (refer to Chapter 6) and
(b) the visions, objectives and sector goals of the IWRM (refer to Section 8.3). The proposed
development scenarios were further reviewed and revised through the TWG meetings on
September 29, 2010, the TWG workshop on October 7, 2010 and the stakeholder meeting on
October 13, 2010 (refer to Annex-T 11.2.1). As the result, the specific development scenarios for
Pampanga river basin were finally determined and the implementation schedule for Group-A projects
were further proposed in due consideration of the right time for completion of the projects to catch up
the development scenarios. The proposed development scenarios and the relevant project
implementation schedules are as shown in Annexes-T 11.2.2 and 11.2.3. The details of the
development scenarios are further described in the Subsection 11.4.1.
11.2.2 Implementation Schedule for Group-B Projects
As described in Section 7.6, the Group-B projects are oriented to the following items:
 Development of the regional economy;
 Mitigation of flood and sediment disasters; and
 Support of yearly regular projects classified into Group-A.
Target completion year of the Group-B projects could be optional in general, and the priority order of
the projects is assumed as the principal factor for the programming of implementation schedules for
the Group-B projects. The detailed methodologies for the setting of priority of the projects and the
implementation schedule are as described in Sections 7.8 and 7.9.
The priority order of Group-B projects is determined based on the results of scoring for each of the
projects. The scoring for the Group-B projects were firstly made by the JICA Study Team and then
the results of the scorings were reviewed and revised by the 13 members of the TWG, who represent
the following agencies: NIA, NPC, BSWM, PHILVOLCS, DENR-RBCO, DPWH-FCSEC, PAGASA,
DILG-Region III, Provincial Government of Tarlac (PPDO), Provincial Government of
Bulacan (PGENRO), NEDA-Region III, MWSS, DENR-PAWB and NWRB.
The specific procedures taken for the scoring of projects are as listed below:
(1) The scoring for the 29 proposed and conceptual projects1 were made firstly by the JICA Study
Team as shown in Annex-T 11.2.4. The results of the scoring were presented to and discussed
by the TWG members in the TWG Meeting on September 29, 2010.
(2) The TWG-Workshop was held on October 7, 2010. Each of the TWG members reviewed the
results of the above scorings by the JICA Study Team, and revised the results of scorings through
the Workshop. The scorings for each of the projects revised by the TWG members are averaged
into the geometric mean as shown in Annex-T 11.2.5.
(3) Some of the TWG members proposed to make the second round scoring for the projects not
referring to the results of scoring by the JICA Study Team. This second round scoring aimed at
attaining more objective and precise results of scoring. In accordance with the proposal, the
1
The Group-B includes 12 ongoing projects out of 41 projects in total. These ongoing projects are to be implemented in
accordance with their existing implementing schedules, which had already been programmed by the project proponents.
On the other hand, other 29 proposed and/or conceptual projects are to be implemented in due consideration of the
priority order of the projects into account as described above.
11-2
second round scoring was individually made by each of the TWG members in the days following
the Workshop. However, the second round scoring was prepared by three (3) members only.
(4) The limited number of second round scoring was judged to hardly represent the collective
conclusion of the whole TWG members on scoring. From this point of view, the priority order
of the projects is finally determined according to the first round scores made during the
Workshop as stated in the above item (2).
In addition to the above priority order of the projects made by the scoring, the ceiling project
investment cost for each of the short, mid and, long-tem is another important factor to determine the
implementation schedule for the Group-B projects. The details of the ceiling project investment cost
are as described in Section 8.4, and the projects to be implemented in the short, mid and long-term are
proposed taking the ceiling project investment cost into account as shown in Annexes-T 11.2.6 and
11.2.7 The development scenarios to be attained by the proposed implementation schedule are
assumed ,as shown in Annex-T 11.2.8and described in detail in the following Subsection 11.4.2.
11.2.3 Number of Projects to be implemented in 5-Year Terms
In accordance with the aforesaid implementation schedules for the Group-A and Group-B projects, the
number of projects to be implemented in each of the short, mid and long-term is estimated as shown in
Table 11.2.1.
Table 11.2.1 Number of Projects to be implemented in
the Short, Mid and Long Terms
Classification of Projects Short-term Mid-term Long-term Total
Group-A 41 36 36 113
Project to be Implemented
Group-B 33 17 6 56
within the Term
Total 74 (44%) 53 (31%) 42 (25%) 169 (100%)
Group-A 41 0 2 43
Projects to be commenced
Group-B 33 7 1 41
in the Term
Total 74 (88%) 7 (8%) 3 (4%) 84 (100%)
Group-A 5 2 36 43
Project to be Completed
Group-B 23 12 6 41
within the Term
Total 28 (33%) 14 (17%) 42 (50%) 84 (100%)
A total of 84 projects are to be implemented throughout the short, mid and long terms. Out of these
projects, 74 projects are firstly commenced in the short-term, and 28 of them are to be completed
within the same term as listed in Table 11.2.1. The remaining projects (i.e., 46 projects) continue to
be implemented in the next mid-term. Likewise, 53 projects are implemented in the mid-term,
including 7 projects to be newly commenced and 14 projects to be completed within the term. The
number of projects to be finally implemented in the long-term is 42, which include 3 projects to be
newly commenced.
11.3 Project Investment Plan
It is clarified that a total of about 169 billion pesos would need to be invested for implementation of
the whole projects for the IWRM plan of Pampanga river basin (i.e., 84 projects). Of the total project
investment cost, 61.5 billion pesos (36% of the total investment cost) is disbursed in the short-term,
followed by 52.7 billion pesos (31%) in the mid-term and 55.0 billion pesos (33%) in the long-term as
shown in Table 11.3.1.
Table 11.3.1 Project Cost to be disbursed in the Short, Mid and Long Terms
(Unit: million pesos)
Classification of Projects Short-Term Mid-Term Long-Term Total
Agriculture/Irrigation and Fishery Development 22,163 26,164 19,461 67,788
Municipal Water Supply, Sanitation and Sewerage Development 29,137 8,980 31,609 69,726
Management of Flood and Sediment Disasters 6,431 6,597 2,730 15,758
Watershed Management 1,721 1,588 265 3,574
Water-Related Environment Management 1,501 1,371 793 3,666
Inter-Sector Water Resources Development, Allocation and Distribution 509 7,965 99 8,573
Total 61,462 52,665 54,957 169,085
11-3
Of the total project investment cost of about 169.1 billion pesos, the ongoing and the proposed projects
would require the investment cost of 21.5 and 77.5 billion pesos, respectively, as shown in
Table 11.3.2. The necessary budgetary sources of a total of 99.0 billion pesos for the ongoing and
proposed projects have been arranged and/or they are being sought by the project proponents. On the
other hand, there is nothing to be done with the project investment cost of about 70.1 billion pesos for
the conceptual projects. The conceptual projects for Municipal Water Supply, Sanitation and
Sewerage Development in particular require large budgetary sources for their investment of
48.1 billion pesos.
Table 11.3.2 Project Investment Cost divided according to Classifications and Status of the Projects
(Project Implementation Period: 2011–2025)
Ongoing Proposed Conceptual
Classification of Project Total
Project Projects Projects
Agriculture/Irrigation and Fishery Development 12,766 54,208 814 67,788
Municipal Water Supply, Sanitation and Sewerage Development 5,213 16,456 48,057 69,726
Management of Flood and Sediment Disasters 1,454 5,820 8,484 15,758
Watershed Management 1,662 1,912 3,574
Water-Related Environment Management 356 1,036 2,273 3,665
Inter-Sector Water Resources Development, Allocation and Distribution 8,573 8,573
Total 21,452 77,520 70,113 169,085
As shown in Table 11.3.3, the public investment by the national government agencies and/or the local
government units would be the major financial sources for all projects other than those for municipal
water supply, sanitation and sewerage development. The public investment could include the private
investment induced by BOT and/or foreign financial assistance.
In the sector for the municipal water supply, sanitation and sewerage development, the sewerage
development could be implemented through public investment by the LGUs, while the municipal
water supply development has to be implemented, in principle, through non-public investment by the
public corporation/private firm.
Almost half of the investment cost (i.e., 34.2 billion pesos) is for municipal water supply development
by public corporations and/or private firms. This investment cost is to be recovered through the fees
collected for municipal water supply services.
Table 11.3.3 Project Investment Cost divided according to Classifications and
Implementing Bodies of Projects (Project Implementation Period: 2011-2025)
(Unit million pesos)
Project Implementing Bodies
Classification of Project Public
NGAs
NGAs LGUs Corporation/ Total
& LGUs
Private Firm
Agriculture/Irrigation and Fishery Development 53,514 - 14,274 - 67,788
Municipal Water Supply, Sanitation and Sewerage Development - 35,521 - 34,205 69,726
Management of Flood and Sediment Disasters 11,242 3,008 1,508 - 15,758
Watershed Management 1,873 - 1,669 32 3,574
Water-related Environment Management 533 2,025 71 1,036 3,665
Inter-Sector Water Resources Development, Allocation and Distribution - - 8,573 - 8,573
Total 67,162 40,554 26,095 35,273 169,085
The project investment plan for each of the sectors is as described hereinafter.
11.3.1 Agriculture, Irrigation and Fishery Development
As shown in Table 11.3.4, the total project cost in this sector, which is to be disbursed by 2025, is
estimated at about 67.8 billion pesos. Of this total project cost, about 98% or 665.5 billion pesos is to
be used for development and operation/maintenance of the national irrigation system being financed
from the “National Government Fund for Agriculture and Fisheries Modernization Program,” which is
allocated to NIA. In addition to the Fund, the “Irrigation Service Fee” (ISF) is to be used as part of the
11-4
operation and maintenance for the existing irrigation facilities. However, the actual budget for
Region III allotted from the ISF in the recent five (5) years from 2004 to 2008 is in the range of 51.3
to 64.2 million pesos only, which could hardly make a substantial contribution to the allotment for the
necessary project cost.
Aside from the above budget of NIA, the following projects are to be financed from the national
budget of the Department of Agriculture and/or the local government budget:
 Projects for the development of small scale irrigation system (the project codes of AI-G-08,
AIP-11 and AI-C-01): The investment cost for these projects is estimated at about 811 million
pesos, which is to be financed from the budget of DA-BSWM and the LGUs.
 Projects for inland fishery development (the project codes of AF-G-01 to 04): The investment
cost for these projects is estimated at 450 million pesos in total which is to be financed from the
budget of DA-BFAR.
Table 11.3.4 Project Investment Cost for Agriculture, Irrigation and Fishery Development
Principal Entities for
Object* Short-Term Mid-Term Long-Term Total
Financing
1 NIA 21,545 97.2% 25,714 98.3% 19,268 99.0% 66,527 98.1%
2 DA and LGUs, 469 2.1% 300 1.1% 43 0.2% 811 1.2%
3 DA 150 0.7% 150 0.6% 150 0.8% 450 0.7%
Total 22,163 100.0% 26,164 100.0% 19,461 100.0% 67,788 100.0%
Note:
*: Object 1: Development and operation/maintenance for the large-scale irrigation systems and capacity development for
agricultural development
Object 2: Development and operation/maintenance of small scale irrigation system
Object 3: Development of inland fishery
11.3.2 Development of Municipal Water Supply, Sanitation and Sewerage

The projects belonging to this sector would require the project investment cost of about 69.7 billion
pesos in total as listed below:
Table 11.3.5 Project Investment Cost for Development of Municipal Water
Supply, Sanitation and Sewerage
Principal Entities
Object* Short-term Mid-term Long-term Total
for Financing
1 WD 3,793 13.0% 3,610 40.2% 3,722 11.8% 11,127 16.0%
2 0 0.0% 255 2.8% 255 0.8% 510 0.7%
Public Corporation/
3 13,111 45.0% 1,176 13.1% 23,661 74.9% 37,948 54.4%
Private Firm**
4 5,562 19.1% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 5,562 8.0%
5 519 1.8% 304 3.4% 267 0.8% 1,090 1.6%
6 LGU 5,507 18.9% 3,635 40.5% 3,704 11.7% 12,846 18.4%
7 645 2.2% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 645 0.9%
Total 22,163 29,137 100% 8,980 100% 31,609 100% 69,726
Note:
*: Object 1: Expansion of Level 3 and 2 municipal water supply systems
Object 2: Construction/provision of sewage treatment and disposal facilities
Object 3: Development of bulk water supply system
Object 4: Strengthening of Water Supply Capacity of Angat-Umiray System
Object 5: Expansion of Level 1 municipal water supply system
Object 6: Construction/provision of sanitary toilets
Object 7: Development of Sewerage System
**: MWSS and private firms such as Manila Water Company Inc. (MWCI) and Maynilad Water Service Incorporated
(MWSI)
The project investment cost for Objects 4 and 7 shown in the above Table 11.3.5 have been secured by
the public water service corporations such as MWSS and Clark Water as well the local government of
Cabanatuan City. Moreover, the project investment cost for Objects 5 and 6 could be allotted by the
budget of the LGUs. Thus, the available financial sources for the project investment of the Objects 4
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to 7 could be foreseeable. On the other hand, the budgeting process of the project investment cost for
Objects 1 to 3 has to be newly clarified.
The project investment for Objects 1 to 3 is subject to “full cost recovery” both for the initial
construction cost and the annual O&M cost for the project facilities. That is, the WDs and/or the
public water service corporations such as MWSS and CDC as the project implementing bodies should
secure the necessary initial construction cost of the facilities and recover the initial cost as well as the
annual O&M cost of the facilities by collecting fees for the use of facilities from the water users.
In order to clarify the availability of the above “full cost recovery,” the project investment costs for the
above Objects 1 to 3 are converted to unit costs per served water volume and compared with the
current prevailing water tariff. The results of the conversion are as listed in Table 11.3.6 and the
detailed clarification on the “full cost recovery “is as described in the following items (1) to (3).
Table 11.3.6 Conversion of Project Investment Cost to Unit Cost
Annualized Cost (million pesos/year)
Initial Investment Annualized Annual Water
Unit Cost
Object* Cost Initial Annual O&M Consumption
Total (peso/m3)
(million pesos) Investment Cost (mil. m3/year)
Cost**
1 11,130 1,137.5 1,030.8 2,168.4 103.1 21.0
2 510 104.8 355.0 459.8 110.5*** 4.2
3 37,948 3,880.4 379.7 4,260.1 225.9 18.9
Note:
*: Object 1: Expansion of Level 3 and 2 municipal water supply system
Object 2: Construction/provision of sewage treatment and disposal facilities
Object 3: Development of bulk water supply system
**: The initial investment cost is converted to the annualized cost based on the following assumptions:
 Project life is assumed at 50 years for Object 1 and 3, while it is assumed at 7 years for Object 2.
 The time interval for the replacement of facilities is assumed at 25 years for Object 1 and 3, while it is
assumed at 7 years for Object 2.
 The annual discount rate is assumed at 10%.
***: The figure is estimated on the premises of volume of water consumption for Level 3 water supply system.
(1) Expansion of Level 3, 2 Municipal Water Supply System

As described in item (1) in Subsection 11.4.1, the “expansion of Level 3, 2 and 1 municipal
water supply system toward 2025” is raised as one of the development scenarios for
improving the water supply quality and securing the necessary water supply volume.
Expansion of the Level 1 water supply system is to be financed by the LGUs and it is not
subject to full cost recovery as described above. On the other hand, the necessary investment
cost for expansion of Level 3 and 2 water supply systems is to be secured and recovered by
the WDs. That is, WDs should secure the initial investment cost from their own budget or
loan from LWUA, and recover it by collecting of water service fees from the water users.
Out of 76 WDs in the study area, 13 WDs are expected to secure the necessary initial
investment cost from their own budgets judging from the classification of WDs by LWUA
(refer to Subsection D.6.3.1 in Supporting Report D). On the other hand, the remaining
63 WDs would need to have a loan from LWUA to secure the initial investment cost.
As shown in Table 11.3.6, the total initial investment cost is 11.1 billion pesos, and 6.1 billion
pesos of it could be assumed as the necessary amount of loan from LWUA to the above
63 WDs. This amount of 6.1 billion pesos is disbursed for a 15-year period from 2011 to
2015, and therefore, the annual average disbursement is estimated at 0.41 billion pesos/year.
The future available annual loan by LWUA is estimated at about 4.8 billion pesos/year (refer
to Subsection D.6.3.1 in Supporting Report D). Judging from the available loan amount by
LWUA, the above annual average disbursement of 0.41 million pesos/year is judged to be
secured.
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As shown in Table 11.3.6, the unit cost for the initial investment and the O&M for expansion
of Level 3 and 2 municipal water supply systems is estimated at about 21 pesos/m3. On the
other hand, the water tariff for service of Level 3 and 2 municipal water supply systems is in
the range of 16 to 21 pesos/m3. Judging from the unit cost for project investment and the
current water tariff for service, the project investment could be fully recovered by the water
tariff without a large increment in the water tariff.
(2) Construction/Provision of Sewage Treatment and Disposal Facilities
As described in item (2) in Subsection 11.4.2 mentioned below, one of the development
scenarios is oriented to the construction/provision of e sewage treatment and disposal facilities,
which shall cover about 80% of the households in the urban area of the principal ten (10)
cities/municipalities by 2025. In this study, it is proposed that this project is to be
implemented by WDs, and its investment cost is to be fully recovered in the following
manners:
 As shown in Table 11.3.6, the necessary project investment cost is estimated at
4.2 pesos/m3 based on the assumed water consumption volume of Level 3 water supply
system. In order to recover the said project investment cost, it is proposed that the
investment cost of 4.2 pesos/m3 shall be surcharged to the above water tariff for the
Level 3 and 2 water supply services.
 The above surcharge cost is called “Environmental Fee” as suggested in “the business
model for development of sewage treatment and disposal facilities by WDs” which
MWSS has been applying since 2008.
(3) Development of Bulk Water Supply System
As described in item (2) in Subsection 11.4.1 as mentioned below, development of the bulk
water supply system is proposed for Bulacan Province, Pampanga Province and Metro Clark
area in particular. The project investment cost for development of the bulk water supply
system is to be recovered through the following manner:
 The public water service corporations such as MWSS as well as the relevant private
firms would be the implementing body for development of the bulk water supply
system. The initial investment cost for the development is estimated at 37.9 billion
pesos in total as shown in Table 11.3.6. The budgetary capacity of these
implementing bodies would be able to secure the said necessary initial investment cost
judging from their previous business profiles.
 As shown in Table 11.3.6, the sum of the initial investment cost and the annual O&M
cost for development of the bulk water supply system could be equivalent to about
19 pesos per unit m3 of water consumption. In addition, the cost of about 21 pesos/m3
for expansion of Level 3 and 2 water supply systems is required as a part of the bulk
water supply service. Accordingly, the investment cost of about 40 pesos/m3 in total
is required for the service of the bulk water supply system.
 Bulk water services have been already introduced to Meycauayan WD and Obando
WD in Bulacan Province. The present water tariff for those service areas of the bulk
water supply is around 42 pesos/m3, which is almost equal to the above necessary
investment cost (i.e., 40 pesos/m3).
 Compared to the necessary investment cost with the present water tariff for bulk water
supply services, the investment cost could be fully recovered by the water tariff. The
water tariff of the bulk water service is far higher than the water tariff of municipal
water service without the bulk water supply. The water users may accept such high
water tariff, because of the safe and stable water supply promised by the bulk water
supply system.
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11.3.3 Management of Flood and Sediment Disasters
The initial project investment cost in this sector is estimated at 15.8 billion pesos. Of this total initial
investment cost, about 70% or 10.9 billion pesos is to be financed from the national government
budget allocated to DPWH. The projects other than those by DPWH are: (a) operation, maintenance
and improvement of the small scale flood control and drainage systems, which are to be financed by
the LGUs; and (b) development of the flood forecasting and warning systems, which is to be financed
by the budget of LGUs and PAGASA.
Table 11.3.7 Project Investment Cost for Management of Flood and Sediment Disasters
Principal Entities
for Financing
1 DPWH 5,121 79.6% 5,594 84.8% 227 8.3% 10,942 69.4%
2 LGUs 1,008 15.7% 1,000 15.2% 2,500 91.6% 4,508 28.6%
3 Others 302 4.7% 3 0.0% 3 0.1% 308 2.0%
Total 6,431 100.0% 6,597 100.0% 2,730 100.0% 15,758 100.0%
Note:
*: Object 1: Development and O&M of the large-scale flood control facilities, maintenance of the major river
channels/river facilities and capacity building on management of flood and sediment disasters.
Object 2: Establishment of community-based flood forecasting, warning and evacuation system, and operation,
maintenance and improvement of the small-scale flood control and drainage facilities, which are under the
jurisdiction of LGUs.
Object 3: Capacity development on dam reservoir operation to flood, etc.
DPWH undertakes the following five (5) projects for management of flood and sediment disasters for
Pasac river system and Pampanga river system. Of these projects, the project of FL-G-02 is currently
in progress, and a substantial part for its necessary budget has already been arranged. Moreover, the
budgetary arrangement for the ongoing two (2) projects for Pasac river system (i.e., the projects of
FL-G-01 and FlL-G-02) also have been made, and the proposed projects for Pasac river system (i.e.,
L-P-01) is now being made on the premises of foreign financial assistance. On the other hand, the
project for Pampanga river system (i.e., FL-C-01) is left behind since Phase I of the project was
completed at a reduced scale in 2002, and budgetary arrangement for the project is being required.
Table 11.3.8 Projects by DPWH for Management of Flood and Sediment Disasters
Investment Cost
Project Code Name of Project
(million pesos)
FL-G-03 Maintenance and Rehabilitation Works for River Dike and Slope 679
FL-G-01 Pinatubo Hazard Urgent Project (PHUMP) Phase III, Part I 470
FL-G-02 Pinatubo Hazard Urgent Project (PHUMP) Phase III, Part II 5
FL-P-01 Flood Control Measures in Mt. Pinatubo Devastated Area - Focus on Pasac Delta 4,320
FL-C-01 Flood Mitigation for Pampanga Delta 5,468
Total 10,942
The national government budget allotted to DPWH includes those for: (1) Programs (for line
operations); (2) Projects (for implementation of the locally funded and foreign-assisted projects); and
(3) others (for interest payment, etc). The operation and maintenance of flood control facilities
and/or the river channels is basically financed from the budget for the above Programs for line
operation. However, the national total budget financed from the Programs for O&M of flood control
facilities/river channels was limited to 2.9 billion pesos in 2009. This budget is likely to be quite
inadequate and thereby, a part of the budget for the above Projects has to be used for O&M just like
the case of the project of FL-G-03.
11.3.4 Watershed Management
The project investment cost of 3.6 billion pesos in total is to be disbursed during the 15-year period
from 2011 to 2025 as shown in Table 11.3.9. Of the total investment cost, about 91% or 3.3 billion
pesos are financed from the national budget of DENR and used for reforestation, agro-forestry, and
hillside works in the upland and preservation of the forest.
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Table 11.3.9 Project Investment Cost for Watershed management
Principal Entities
for Financing
1 DENR 1,559 90.6% 1,509 95.0% 187 70.6% 3,255 91.1%
2 Others 162 9.4% 79 5.0% 78 29.4% 319 8.9%
Total 162 9.4% 79 5.0% 78 29.4% 319 8.9%
Note:
*: Object 1: Reforestation, agro-forestry, hillside works in the upland and preservation of the forest in the classified
forest land.
Object 2: .Preservation of forest in the watershed of the dam reservoir and urban greening
Out of the said total investment cost of 3.6 billion pesos, about 46.5% or 1.7 billion pesos is disbursed
for the ongoing projects, and therefore, it could be secured provided that the present annual budget
allotted to the projects are sustained until 2025. The remaining budget of 1.9 billion pesos (53% of
the total investment cost) is for the conceptual project, and need to be secured from new financial
sources which may require the foreign financial assistance and/or private investment through BOT.
11.3.5 Water-Related Environmental Management
The project investment cost of about 3.7 billion pesos in total is to be disbursed during the 15-year
period from 2011 to 2025 as shown in Table 11.3.10. Out of the total investment cost about 53% or
2.0 billion pesos is for the construction and operation of solid waste management facilities for Nueva
Ecija, Bulacan and Pampanga provinces, which are to be undertaken through the project of WQ-C-04.
In order to attain the said solid waste management, Nueva Ecija Province has already arranged the
necessary budget for the construction of five (5) sanitary landfills and their support facilities. As for
Bulacan and Pampanga provinces, however, no definite budgetary arrangement for the solid waste
management has been made and it remains as the future task. In order to minimize the budget for
solid waste management for the two provinces, the proposed project works for the provinces are
limited to construction and O&M of the transfer stations, assuming usage of the existing two (2)
sanitary landfills located in Tarlac and Bulacan provinces.
The Clean Development Mechanism Program (CDM) projects would require the second largest
investment cost of about 1.0 billion pesos next to the above solid waste management. This
investment cost would be shouldered by the private firms and NGOs. Other project works, such as
establishment of water quality monitoring system, capacity building and IEC relevant to the
water-related environmental management would be financed by the national government budget
allotted to DENR, the budget of the LGUs and the private investments.
Table 11.3.10 Project Investment Cost for Water-Related Environment Management
Principal Entities
for Financing
1 LGUs 109 21.4% 99 1.2% 99 100.0% 307 3.6%
2 Private Firm 300 58.9% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 300 3.5%
3 DENR and Others 100 19.6% 7,866 98.8% 0 0.0% 7,966 92.9%
Total 509 100.0% 7,965 100.0% 99 100.0% 8,573 100.0%
Note:
*: Object 1: Solid water management, Object 2: CDM programs, Object 3: Establishment of water quality monitoring
system and capacity building/IEC on water-related environment management.
11.3.6 Inter-Sector Water Resources Development, Allocation and Distribution

The project investment cost of about 8.6 billion pesos in total is to be disbursed during the 15-year
period from 2011 to 2025 as shown in Table 11.3.11. Out of the total investment cost about 93% or
8.0 billion pesos is for the project for recovery of reliability of water supply capacity of the existing
Angat-Umiray System (Project of IS-C-02). The feasibility study for this project needs to be firstly
undertaken by NWRB to clarify the necessary project components, which would include the new
water resources development, and the organization setup for implementation of the project.
Moreover, it would be necessary to clarify the possible financial sources and their shares for allotment.
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The possible financial sources would include the national government fund by NWRB, NIA, NPC, the
LGU’s fund by Bulacan Province, the corporation/private fund by MWSS and its relevant MWCI and
MWSI, and other private funds collected through BOT.
Table 11.3.11 Project Investment Cost for Inter-Sector Water Resources Development,
Allocation and Distribution
Principal Entities
for Financing
1 NWRB, Others** 100 19.6% 7,866 98.8% 0 0.0% 7,966 92.9%
2 NWRB 109 21.4% 99 1.2% 99 100.0% 307 3.6%
3 NWRB 300 58.9% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 300 3.5%
Total 509 100.0% 7,965 100.0% 99 100.0% 8,573 100.0%
Note:
*: Object 1: Recovery of reliability of water supply of Angat-Umiray System
Object 2: Establishment of monitoring system for usage of surface water and groundwater
Object 3: Capacity building on water allocation and distribution
11.4 Development Scenarios

11.4.1 Development Scenarios for Group-A Projects
The target development scenarios for Group-A projects are proposed as described hereinafter.
(1) Development Scenarios for Agriculture/Irrigation and Fishery Development
In order to enhance the sector goals of “rehabilitation and development of the irrigation
system” and “sustainable fishery under integrated water resources management,” the
following two (2) development scenarios are proposed:
(a) Rehabilitation of Existing Irrigation Facilities
The development scenario is oriented to the improvement of agricultural productivities
by sustaining the following seven (7) ongoing programs for rehabilitation and/or
maintenance of the existing irrigation facilities throughout the short, mid and long-term:
 AI-G-03: Repair, Rehabilitation of Existing Groundwater Irrigation Systems,
Establishment of Groundwater Pump Project
 AI-G-04: Balikatan Sagip-Patubig Program
 AI-G-05: Repair, Rehabilitation, Restoration & Preventive Maintenance of
Existing National & Communal Irrigation Facilities
 AI-G-06: Restoration/Rehabilitation of Existing NIA-Assisted Irrigation System
 AI-G-08: Rehabilitation of Small Water Impounding Projects/Diversion Dams
 AI-G-09: Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program, Irrigation Component
(b) Sustainable Fishery Production
The development scenario is oriented to sustainable fishery productivities by continuity
of the following four (4) ongoing projects, which are being undertaken by BFAR, DA or
LGU, throughout the short, mid and long-term:
 AF-G-01: Aquaculture Fisheries Development Programs
 AF-G-02: Comprehensive Regulatory Services
 AF-G-03: Support Projects and Activities
 AF-G-04: Fisheries Resources Management for Improved and Sustainable Harvest
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(2) Development Scenarios for Municipal Water Supply, Sanitation and Sewerage
In order to achieve the sector goal of “improvement of water quality,” “ensuring of necessary
water supply capacity,” and “reduce of pollution load,” seven (7) development scenarios are
proposed in the study. Moreover, in order to embody these development scenarios, the
implementation of 17 projects is proposed. The details of these development scenarios and the
projects to embody the development scenarios are as described hereinafter.
(a) Short-Term Development of Bulk Water Supply System for Bulacan Province
The groundwater in Bulacan Province is currently used as the principal source for
municipal water supply in the province. However, the supply capacity by the
groundwater is judged to have reached the critical level causing the land subsidence as
well as the serious sanitary intrusion to the groundwater. Hence, a development
scenario on the “MW-P-03: Bulacan Treated Water Supply Project”, which is most
likely to use the surface water as the source, is proposed. This bulk water supply system
shall be completed by 2015 to promise the water supply capacity of 2.7m3/s, which can
cover the municipal water demand of about one million residents.
(b) Strengthening of Water Supply Capacity of Angat-Umiray System
The Angat-Umiray System is the principal water supply source for the municipal water
in Metro Manila and the irrigation water in AMRIS. However, the updated water
demand for the municipal and irrigation use exceed far over the water supply capacity of
Angat-Umiray System. As the result, a serious water shortage occurs in almost every
two years.
Taking the potential water shortage into account, the development scenario is oriented to
strengthening of the water supply capacity of Angat-Umiray System. In order to attain
the development scenario, the following three (3) projects are scheduled to be urgently
completed within the short-term:
 MW-G-01: Angat Water Utilization and Aquaduct Improvement Project
(AWUAIP), Phase II;
 MW-P-01: Rehabilitation of Umiray-Macua Facilities; and
 MW-P-02: Sumag River Diversion Project.
The above urgent reinforcement of the existing Angat-Umiray System could still hardly
attain the full supply level of the system for its present relevant water demand. Hence,
The Project of “IS-C-02: Project for Recovery of Reliability of Water Supply System in
Angat-Umiray System” is scheduled in the short-term and mid-term. The Project could
drastically boost up the reliability of the Angat-Umiray System and promise the
municipal water supply for Metro Manila with a design safety level of 10-year return
period and the irrigation water supply for AMRIS with a design safety level of 5-year
return period by 2020.
(c) Expansion of Level 3, 2 and 1 Municipal Water Supply
The following development scenarios on the step-wise expansion of the Level 3 , 2 and
1 municipal water supply systems in the study area is proposed in order to improve the
water supply quality and at the same time to ensure the necessary water supply capacity:
 The coverage of Level 3, 2, 1 water supply systems with safe drinking water
supply shall reach 100% by 2025.
 The coverage ratios of the Level 3 Water Supply System in the urban area shall
increase by 1% per annum by 2015, and the average ratio in the whole urban areas
of the study area shall reach 80% by 2025. At the same time, the lowest
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coverage ratio of the Level 3 System in the urban areas shall not be below 46.5%2
in 2025 so as to avoid the extremely uneven distribution of the System.
 The present average coverage ratio of Level 3 Water Supply System in the rural
area shall be maintained until 2025, notwithstanding the future increment of
population. The target coverage ratio of Level 3 in the rural area is 18% in average
for the whole study area.
In order to attain the above development scenario, implementation of the following
four (4) projects throughout the period from 2011 up to 2025 is proposed:
 MW-C-1: Additional Level 3, 2 and 1 Facilities towards 2025 in Bulacan
 MW-C-2: Additional Level 3, 2 and 1 Facilities towards 2025 in Pampanga
 MW-C-3: Additional Level 3, 2 and 1 Facilities towards 2025 in Nueva Ecija
 MW-C-4: Additional Level 3, 2 and 1 Facilities towards 2025 in Tarlac
(d) Construction/Provision of Sanitary Toilets
In order to reduce the pollution load in the study area, which could make an indirect
contribution to secure the safe drinking water from the groundwater source, the
following development scenario is proposed:
 The rate of construction/provision of sanitary toilets in all municipalities and cities
shall increase at the rate of 10% per annum by 2015; and
 All households in the study area shall be provided with sanitary toilets by 20253.
In order to attain the development scenario, implementation of the following four (4)
projects is proposed:
 MS-C-1: Additional Sanitary Facilities towards 2025 in Bulacan;
 MS-C-2: Additional Sanitary Facilities towards 2025 in Pampanga;
 MS-C-3: Additional Sanitary Facilities towards 2025 in Nueva Ecija; and
 MS-C-4: Additional Sanitary Facilities towards 2025 in Tarlac.
(e) Development of Bulk Water Supply System for Metro Clark
In order to cope with the increment of municipal water use in Metro Clark, the
development scenario is oriented to gradual expansion of the bulk water supply system
with the full supply capacity of 0.8m3/s toward 2025. In order to attain the
development scenario, “MW-P04; Metro Clark Bulk Surface Water Project” is
proposed.
(f) Long Term Development of Bulk Water Supply System for Bulacan and Pampanga
Provinces
In order to serve the incremental provincial population and cope with the deterioration
of groundwater quality, proposed is the development scenario in which the bulk water
supply system with the supply capacity of additional 3.8m3/s for Bulacan and 1.3m3/s
for Pampanga Province shall be developed by 2025. The projects to embody the bulk
water supply are as listed below:
 MW-C-05: Extended Bulacan Bulk Water Supply Project; and
 MW-C-06: Pampanga Bulk Water Supply Project.
2
The boundary of 46.5% for the lowest coverage ratio is derived from the future expected incremental rates of 17% for a
period of 17 years (from 2008 to 2025) added to half of the present average coverage ratio as of 2008 (= 29.5%).
3
The target year is set at 2025, because the main purpose of construction/provision of sanitary toilets is to secure the
access to safe drinking water for all by 2025, which is stated in the Philippine Water Sector Roadmap.
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(3) Development Scenarios for Management of Flood and Sediment Disasters
In order to contribute to the mitigation of chronic flood damage and the improvement of
knowledge on flood management, the following development scenarios are proposed:
(a) Sustainment of Regular Program of Maintenance and Rehabilitation of River Dike
and Slope
Most of the existing river dikes, levees, river slope protection and other river structures
in Pampanga and Pasac river basins are seriously deteriorated at present. In order to
cope with such degradation of the river structures as well as river channels, the
development scenario is oriented to sustainment of maintenance and rehabilitation of
river dikes and slopes. The development scenario shall be embodied through the
proposed project of “FL-G-03: Maintenance and Rehabilitation Works for River Dike
and Slope.” The project started in 2008 and it is proposed to continue as the yearly
regular program toward 2025.
(b) Sustainment of Regular Program for Maintenance and Rehabilitation of Drainage
and Flood Control facilities
In order to cope with the deterioration of urban drainage facilities under the jurisdiction
of LGUs, the development scenario is proposed. In order to embody the development
scenario, the project of “FL-C-03: Maintenance, Rehabilitation and Improvement for
Drainage and Flood Control facilities under jurisdiction of LGUs” shall be sustained as
the yearly regular program toward 2025.
(c) Improvement of Public Awareness
In order to improve public awareness on the management of flood and sediment
disasters, proposed is the development scenario which is oriented to the inclusion of
salient points of knowledge on the management of flood and other principal issues of
IWRM into the curricula of primary and secondary schools. In order to attain the
development scenario, the project of “FL-C-04; Integration of Salient Points of IWRM
for Pampanga River Basin into School Curricula” shall be implemented throughout the
short, mid and long-term.
(4) Development Scenarios for Watershed Management
The following development scenarios are proposed to attain the sector goals of: “intensifying
of management, protection and maintenance of vulnerable and ecologically sensitive area”
and “increase of forest cover of critically denuded uplands, mangrove areas and urban
corridors:”
(a) Sustainment of the On-going Regular Program of Watershed Management
The development scenario is oriented to sustaining the following ongoing nine (9)
regular programs of watershed management in Pampanga river basin until 2025.
Through execution of the projects, it is expected that the present forest cover of
187,500 ha would expand by about 10,000ha at the rate of 660 ha per annum by 2025.
 WS-G-01: Forest Protection and Law Enforcement Program (FPLEP)
 WS-G-02: Community-Based Forest Management Program
 WS-G-04: Coastal Resource Management Program (CRMP)
 WS-G-05: Protected Area Community-Based Resource Management Program
(CBFM-PACBRMA)
 WS-G-06: Private Forest Plantation Development Program (PFPDP)
 WS-G-07: NIA-UPRIIS’ Watershed Management Program
 WS-G-08: NPC’s Watershed Management Program
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 WS-G-09: Integrated Social Forestry (ISF) Projects
(5) Development Scenarios for Water-Related Environment Management
The following development scenarios are proposed to enhance the sector goals for the
reduction of pollution load:
(a) Dealing with Contamination of Surface, Ground and Coastal Water
The pollution load from various sources shall be reduced by sustaining the following
three (3) ongoing non-structural measures, which are the regular programs by DENR
and LGUs:
 WQ-G-01: Ecological Solid Waste Management Program (ESWMP)
 WQ-G-02: Industrial Pollution Control Program (IPCP)
 WQ-G-03: Sagip-Ilog Project
(b) Reduction of Risk of Contamination in Water Body
By 2025, the following two (2) structural measures shall be implemented to reduce the
risk of contamination from livestock, domestic and industrial wastes:
 WQ-P-01: Clean Development Mechanism Projects
 WQ-C-04: Construction of Sanitary Landfills and Support Facilities in Nueva
Ecija and Cluster Waste Transfer Stations in Bulacan and Pampanga
11.4.2 Development Scenarios for Group-B Projects
The phased implementation schedule for 41 Group-B projects is proposed as described in the
Subsection 11.2.2. Hence, the development scenarios are conceived as the consequences of the
proposed implementation schedule (refer to Annex-T 11.2.8). The detailed development scenarios
are as described hereinafter.
(1) Development Scenarios for Agriculture, Irrigation and Fishery Development
The following four (4) development scenarios are expected through implementation of a total
of 18 projects in the short-term, the mid-term and the long-term. The development scenarios
would enhance the sector goals of: (a) Improvement of the irrigation system; and
(b) enhancement of new agricultural technologies on water management, in particular.
(a) Improvement of Irrigation Technologies
As the consequence of implementation of the following three (3) projects, innovative
irrigation technologies shall be developed and the capacity building on usage of the
technologies shall be made so as to increase the irrigation efficiency and save irrigation
water by 2015:
 AI-P-07: Appropriate Irrigation Technologies for Enhanced Agricultural
Production
 AI-C-02 : Introduction of Water Saving Irrigation Technology
 AI-C-03 : Improvement of Monitoring System and Capacity Development for
Proper Water Management in NISs and CISs
(b) Short-Term Development of Infrastructures for Irrigation
Agricultural productivity shall be increased through the following seven (7) irrigation
development projects, which contribute to the beneficial area (newly developed) of
5,880ha, the beneficial area (rehabilitated) of 37,046 ha and beneficiaries of
56,640 farm-families in total, by 2015.
 AI-G-01: Balog-Balog Multipurpose Project, Phase I
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 AI-G-02: Along-along Creek Irrigation Project (UPRIIS Div 3)
 AI-G-10: Upper Tabuating SRIP
 AI-G-07: Participatory Irrigation Development Project
 AI-P-10: Rehabilitation of AMRIS
 AI-P-03: Sector Loan on Rehabilitation of Irrigation Facilities
 AI-P-11: Construction of Priority Small Scale Irrigation Systems/Small Water
Impounding Projects, Small Diversion Dam Projects
(c) Mid-Term Development of Infrastructures for Irrigation
The agricultural projects shall be increased through the following seven (7) irrigation
development projects, which would contribute to the beneficial area (newly developed)
of 58,443 ha, the beneficial area (rehabilitated) of 50,904 ha and beneficiaries of
101,893 farm-families in total by 2020:
 AI-P-02: Balog-Balog Multipurpose Project, Phase II
 AI-P-04: Casecnan Multipurpose Irrigation and Power Project Irrigation
Component, Phase 2
 AI-C-01: Construction of New Small Scale Irrigation Project under BSWM
 AI-P-08: Central Luzon Groundwater Irrigation Systems Reactivation Project
 AI-P-06: Irrigation Water Resources Augmentation Pump Establishment Project
 AI-P-05: Procurement of Pumps, Drilling Rigs and Related Equipment
(d) Long-Term Development of Infrastructures for Irrigation
The agricultural projects shall be increased through the following two (2) projects,
which contribute to beneficial area (newly developed) of 31,199 ha and beneficiaries of
9,152 farm-families by 2025:
 AI-P-01: Balintingon Reservoir Multipurpose Project (BRMP)
 AI-P-09: Gumain Reservoir Project
(2) Development Scenarios for Municipal Water Supply, Sanitation and Sewerage
The following two (2) development scenarios are expected as the consequence of
implementation of three (3) projects. The development scenarios would enhance the sector
goal of “reduce the pollution load”, in particular.
(a) Development of Sewerage Systems
The following two (2) on-going projects for development of the sewerage systems shall
be completed by 2015. Upon completion of the projects, about 12% of the population
in Cabanatuan City and 100% in Clark would be served by the public sewerage system.
 MP-G-01: Cabanatuan Sewerage System
 MP-G-02: Expansion of Clark Sewerage System
(b) Construction/Provision of Septage Treatment and Disposal Facilities
The services of the septage treatment and disposal facilities shall be provided through
the project of “MP-C-01: Septage Treatment and Disposal Facility” to about 80% of the
urban area in the following ten cities/municipalities by 2025 4 : (1) Angeles,
4
The target year has been set at 2025 referring the output from 4th stakeholder meetings, although the target
water quality of Manila Bay by DENR is to be Class SB category by 2020.
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(2) San Fernando, (3) Guagua, (4) Mabalacat, (5) Baliuag, (6) Calumpit, (7) Hagonoy,
(8) Malolos, (9) Cabanatuan, and (10) Tarlac.
(3) Development Scenarios for Management of Flood and Sediment Disasters
The five (5) development scenarios in the sector are to be achieved through the
implementation of seven (7) projects.
(a) Flood Mitigation for Pasac River Basin (Eastern Pinatubo Area)
The following on-going and proposed flood mitigation projects for Pasac river basin
shall be completed by 2015. Upon completion of the projects, the chronic flood
damage in the area of about 57,300 ha would be mitigated, and about 309,000 people
would be benefitted.
 FL-G-01: Pinatubo Hazard Urgent Project (PHUMP), Phase III, Part I
 FL-G-02: Pinatubo Hazard Urgent Project (PHUMP), Phase III, Part II
 FL-P-01: Flood Control Measures in Mt. Pinatubo Devastated Area - Focus on
Pasac Delta
(b) Flood Mitigation for Pampanga Delta
The chronic flood damage in Pampanga Delta shall be mitigated through
implementation of the project of “FL-C-01: Flood Mitigation for Pampanga Delta” by
2020. Upon completion of the project, the potential flood inundation area of about
32,400 ha would be mitigated, and about 175,000 people would be benefitted.
(c) Capacity Building on the Appropriate Dam Reservoir Operation against Flood
The capacity building on the appropriate reservoir operation against flood for
Pantabangan Dam and Angat Dam shall be completed through the technical cooperation
with JICA by 2015. This technical cooperation is currently being undertaken under the
on-going project of “FL-G-04 Flood Forecasting and Warning System Capacity
Building Project upon Dam Release in the Philippines.”
(d) Establishment of Community-Based Flood Forecasting and Warning System for
the Provinces of Pampanga, Tarlac and Nueva Ecija
Bulacan Province had established a community-based flood forecasting and waning
system in 2005. Succeeding Bulacan Province, the other three (3) provinces in the
study area, Pampanga, Tarlac and Nueva Ecija, shall be provided with the
community-based flood forecasting and waning system by 2015.
(e) Flood Mitigation for Bacolor Municipality
The Project of “FL-P-02: Bacolor Comprehensive Rehabilitation Master Plan” shall be
implemented by 2025. Upon completion of the Project, the flood damage potential in
the area of about 107,500 ha in Bacolor Municipality in Pampanga Province would be
mitigated.
(4) Development Scenarios for Watershed Management
The following development scenario shall be achieved to attain the sector goals of:
“intensifying of management, protection and maintenance of vulnerable and ecologically
sensitive area” and “increase of forest cover of critically denuded uplands, mangrove areas
and urban corridors:”
(a) Strengthening of the On-going Reforestation Efforts
The following seven (7) special projects shall be implemented in order to strengthen the
on-going reforestation efforts. Upon completion of the projects, the forest cover shall
expand by 39,900 ha.
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 WS-G-03: Integrated Agro-Forestry Development Program (CBFM-CARP)
 WS-G-11: Forestlands Management Project (FMP)
 WS-G-12: Pampanga River Basin Rehabilitation Project (PRBRP)
 WS-C-01: Upland Development Program (UDP)
 WS-C-02: Protected Area Management Program (PAMP)
 WS-C-03: Urban Greening Program
 WS-C-04: Community-Based Eco-Tourism Program
(5) Development Scenarios for Water-Related Environment Management
The following development scenarios shall be achieved to attain the sector goals of
“strengthening of the water quality monitoring” and “reduce of pollution loads:”
(a) Improvement of Monitoring and Processing System for Water Quality Data
By 2015, DENR shall improve the monitoring and processing system for the water
quality data through implementation of the project of “WQ-C-01 Capacity Development
to Upgrade WQ Monitoring and Data Management Program.”
(b) Capacity Development to Reduce Pollution Load
By 2020, the capability of fishpond operators and non-compliant industries shall be
improved through implementation of the following two (2) projects over the mid-term
towards adopting cleaner production options in order to reduce their impacts on water
quality:
 WQ-C-02: Capacity Development to Improve Water Quality and Aquaculture
Fisheries Management
 WQ-C-03: Capacity Development Project to Improve Industry Adoption of
Cleaner Production Options
(6) Development Scenarios for Inter-Sector Water Resources Development, Allocation and
Distribution
The following two (2) development scenarios shall be achieved in order to strengthen the
monitoring system on water resources and make capacity development on water allocation
and distribution:
(a) Enhancement of Monitoring of Groundwater and Surface Water
By 2025, the monitoring of groundwater and surface water shall be enhanced through
implementation of the following two (2) projects in order to comprehend the actual
status of water resources in Pampanga river basin:
 IS-C-01: Establishment of Comprehensive Groundwater Monitoring in Pampanga
River Basin
 IS-C-03: Enhancement of Monitoring System for Surface Water in Pampanga
River
(b) Capacity Development on Water Allocation and Distribution
By 2015, the appropriate methodologies on water allocation and distribution for
municipal water use, irrigation, hydropower generation and other various water uses
shall be introduced to NWRB and other relevant agencies through implementation of the
project of “IS-C-04: Capacity Development of NWRB and Relevant Agencies on Water
Allocation and Distribution.”
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Chapter 12. Proposed Institutional Setup for IWRM
12.1 Study Framework
The role of the institutional setup is at the position of implementing arrangements to localize and
implement the IWRM Plan as illustrated in Figure 12.1.1.
Vision in 2025
Sector
Objectives Sector Goal
Projects & Programs
Guide National IWRM

IWRM Plan
Plan Framework
・ Group A Projects
・ Group B Projects
Technical IWRM
Guidelines
Implementing
Arrangements
Institutional and
Organization
Figure 12.1.1 Role of Institutional Setup
The IWRM Plan would neither be implemented by amendment of the existing laws only nor capacity
strengthening of the existing organizations only. The key actions are structurally reviewed from the
three basic aspects, i.e., the legal aspect, the organizational aspect, and the financial aspect. Three
aspects of actions are the basic elements to empower implementing functions, and thus those are to be
executed simultaneously. Section 12.2 deals on alternative key actions for the respective strategic
issues defined in Section 6.8 at first. Sections 12.3 to 12.5 integrate the key actions from the three
aspects respectively.
12.2 Strategic Issues and Key Actions

12.2.1 Basic Aspects of Actions
The three basic aspects of actions are defined as follows:
i. Legal Aspect: Amendment of related laws (the Water Code, the Local Government Code,
etc.), regulation, rules, standards, guidelines;
ii. Organizational Aspect: Capacity strengthening of the existing organizations (NGAs/RLAs,
LGUs, etc.) and supplementing of missing functions to the existing ones; and
iii. Financial Aspect: Strengthening of financial capacity necessary to achieve a sustainable
IWRM.
Key alternative actions are studied as countermeasures to empower the existing and new institutions
and/or organizations from the three aspects as shown in Figure 12.2.1.
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Existing Laws, Rules,
Legal Aspect Guidelines
New Laws, Rules, Guidelines
Existing Organization
Organizational Aspect
New Organization
Existing Financial System

Financial Aspect
New Financial System
Source JICA Study Team
Figure 12.2.1 Empowerment Elements for Basic Aspects
12.2.2 Proposed Key Actions

This subsection presents the key actions (solutions) from the three aspects, if applicable. Prospective
outcomes by the respective key actions are presented in Subsection 12.3 for the amendment of the
Water Code and other related laws, rules and guidelines, Subsection 12.4.2 for the capacity
strengthening of the National Government Agencies (NGAs) and LGUs, Subsection 12.4.3 for the
capacity building of the missing functions for IWRM, and Subsection 12.5.2 for the strengthening of
financial capacity.
(1) Strategic Issue 1: Strengthen Water Rights Regulation Capacity
(a) Amend Articles of Water Code
The articles of the Water Code subject to amendment or modification to resolve the
issue are as set out below.
 Establish an effective period of the water permit at 5 to 10 years to allow the
NWRB to review and enforce rational and efficient use of water (Art. 26 & 28);
 Establish a rule to force the concessionaire to take concrete water saving measures
(Art. 29 & 30, IRR Section 22);
 Establish a penal rule to revoke the water permit if its concessionary executes no
measure of efficient use other than act of violation (Art. 29 & 30);
 Provide an Article to let the Water Code prevail over the other law (the Grid Law)
specifically for water rights regulation;
 Provide clear compensation rule for the loss of the priority concessionaire in time
of emergency (Art. 22 & 23); and
 Modify the condition of water permit to specify concrete seasonal water use
schedule including non-consumptive use instead of only the maximum rate of
diversion or withdrawal (seasonal quantity and rate), (Art. 18).
(b) Key Actions
Issue 1 could not be resolved by the amendment of the Water Code alone. Appropriate
combination of legal, organizational and financial strengthening of water resources
management will be required as done in the advanced countries. The actions cover:
(i) Legal Aspect
 Amend the relevant article of the Water Code and its IRR;
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 Establish a legal basis to make a water resources basin development plan (the
Basin Plan) to execute quantitative management of daily and/or seasonal variation
of regional water budget (balance) for Pampanga river basin and the strategic
river;
 Link legally water rights and the Basin Plan; and
 Establish planning technical standards for the Basin Plan.
(ii) Organizational Aspect
 Establish NWRB owned reliable and accurate monitoring stations for discharge,
ecological flow and water quality at key water conflict areas; and
 Strengthen the capacity of NWRB for monitoring and enforcing water rights.
(iii) Financial Aspect
 Strengthen the financial capacity of NWRB including annual water charge
collection.
(2) Strategic Issue 2: Enhance Efficient Water Use and Reallocation of Water Rights
(a) Amend Article of Water Code
The articles of the Water Code subject to amendment to resolve the issue are as set out
below.
 Provide articles to link the water permit and the basin water resources
development plan (the Basin Plan) to enable short and long term quantitative water
rights management with securing water supply reliability;
 Provide an article to establish relevant monitoring stations for transparent and
equitable water rights regulation including daily discharge;
 Establish planning standards for the Basin Plan to secure safe bulk water supply to
various water uses with a reliable risk; and
 Provide an article to enable reallocation of the present water rights title granted to
the public entities such as NIA, MWSS and Bulacan Province to the water users
such as irrigators and/or water supply companies.
(b) Key Actions
Issue 2 could not be resolved by the revision of the Water Code alone. Appropriate
combination legal authority to strengthen water resources management will be required
in line with Issue 1. The actions cover:
(i) Legal Aspect
 Amend relevant articles of the Water Code and its Implementing Rules and
Regulations (IRR);
 The key actions for Issue 1 are to be implemented simultaneously;
 Clarify risk of water supply failure of the conflicting water rights to enhance water
rights transfer and trading;
 Change the present constant annual water charge system for water permits into
different water charges for different supply reliability and seasonal variation; i.e.,
high charge for high reliability, high season, and longer concession like in
Australia;
 Establish reliable assurance and compensation rule for water transfer and trading;
and
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 Establish IRR and technical guidelines for water transfer and trading.
(3) Strategic Issue 3: Modify Overlapping Water Charge Systems
(a) Key Actions
Issue 3 might not be resolved by the revision of the related article of the Water Code or
the Local Government Code alone. At present the public entities (NIA, MWSS, Bulacan
Province) still hold the water rights granted before the privatization of NIA and water
companies. MWSS re-granted the water permit to two company water users. Bulacan
Province also has a plan to re-grant its water right to the water supply providers in the
province in the future. NWRB and Bulacan Province are both government entities in
spite of being national and local respectively. The water permit annual charge and the
charge based on the share of the national wealth seem to be overlapping to the water
users. However, the purpose of these charges is basically different. The former is a
national charge on water rights while the latter is a kind of royalty to the natural
resources. The LGUs are entitled to charge royalty from the beneficiary as a part of
local revenue if necessary based on the LGC. The duplication issue originate partly from
such a condition that the holder of water rights is still the government entity. If the water
right of public entities is transferred totally to the water users, the charge by NWRB and
the charge by LGUs as royalty would not be duplicated. The actions cover:
(i) Legal Aspect
 Review the overlapping provisions of the Local Government Code against those of
the Water Code (Art. 3 and 6, IRR Section 8), etc;
 Provide an Article in the Water Code that will not allow duplicated layers of
granting water permits to public entities; and
 The public entities that have water rights at present shall independently transfer
their rights to the water users.
(4) Strategic Issue 4: Achieve Sustainability of Groundwater
(a) Key Actions
Issue 4 could not be resolved by the revision of the Water Code alone. Appropriate
combination of legal and organizational strengthening will be required. The actions
cover:
(i) Legal Aspect
 Modify IRR Section 46 (Requirement of Drilled Well), Item d;
 Empower the groundwater monitoring and enforcing function of the LGUs from
the regional interests; and
 Establish a regional monitoring system to monitor regional groundwater level
collaborated with EMB and LGUs including quantity and quality.
(5) Strategic Issue 5: Introduce Specific Law to Enhance Multipurpose Dam Projects
(a) Key Actions
The actions to empower legal arrangements cover:
(i) Legal Aspect
 Establish a specific account for flood control reservoir capacity instead of
incidental functions for multipurpose dams;
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 Establish a specific law (or introduce cost allocation rule for multipurpose dams in
the Water Code) to define an equitable cost allocation rule among public (in
particular flood control) and private beneficiaries for multipurpose projects to
reduce dam construction cost shared among water users; and
 Link the reservoir operation rule with the cost share of reservoir volume allocation
and the flood control basin plan.
(6) Strategic Issue 6: Enforce Measures to Maintain Environmental Flow
(a) Key Actions
The necessary actions to empower legal arrangements cover:
(i) Legal Aspect
 Provide concrete standard, enforcement measures and penalty to law breakers in
order to execute strict regulation under Art. 66, and IRR Section 47; and
 Set up an institution to enforce and monitor all concessionaires to comply with the
requirement of minimum stream flows for rivers and minimum water levels for
lakes to ensure environmental conservation.
(7) Strategic Issue 7: Strengthen Water Quality Monitoring and Management
(a) Present Water Code and Clean Water Act
Chapter VI (Art. 66 to 78), Conservation and Protection of Waters and Watershed and
Related Land Resources, deals with water quality management, where pollutants are
defined by the National Pollution Control Commission. The Clean Water Act governs
comprehensive water quality framework. However, there is no specific regulation or
standards on the density of water quality monitoring stations, responsibility of water
users, functions of establishment, and operation and maintenance of water quality
monitoring. In particular, there is no specific responsibility for the water users in
Pampanga river basin to share the cost of water quality monitoring and management.
(b) Key Actions
To resolve Issue 7, appropriate combination of legal, organizational and financial
strengthening will be required as done in the advanced countries. The actions cover:
(i) Legal Aspect
 Execute the key actions for strategic Issues 6 simultaneously; and
 Establish responsibility and role of water users on the water quality management
in the basin;
 Strengthen the capacity of RBCO, EMB, FMB and related LGUs to execute and
enforce water quality management effectively; and
 Strengthen the water quality monitoring system.
 Increase the fund of DENR to set up monitoring stations and O&M of the
monitoring systems; and
 Introduce the beneficiary’s pay principle (BPP) for the cost of water quality
management.
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(8) Strategic Issue 8: Manage and Mitigate the Risk from Water-Related Disasters
(a) Key Actions
The necessary actions to empower institutional arrangements cover:
(i) Legal Aspect
 Prepare the flood control basin plan (FCBP) for the severe flood prone areas based
on Art. 53. of the Water Code (promote, coordinate protection of flood plain lands,
and flood plain management plan by the Secretary of DPWH);
 Establish the IRR and planning standards for the FCBP;
 Link legally the FCBP with the reservoir operation rule of the large dams
concerned;
 Amend the IRR for the Right-of-Way of the public domain of river regime; and
 Reconfirm the definition of the responsibility for O&M of the flood control and
river facilities after transfer of the facilities from DPWH to LGUs (MOA).
(9) Strategic Issue 9: Improve Watershed and Forest Management
(a) Key Actions
The necessary actions to empower organization cover:
 Monitor the progress and outcomes of the ongoing capacity development of the
development projects and programs for forest and watershed management;
 Conduct capacity assessment on the outcomes from the ongoing projects and
programs; and
 Strengthen the execution capacity of the weak functions of FMB and LGUs still
remaining based on the capacity assessment.
(10) Strategic Issue 10: Set up Authority to Implement the Pampanga River Basin IWRM
(a) Key Actions
The necessary actions to empower organization cover:
 Clarify the necessary functions and missing functions in the existing organizations
for IWRM implementation;
 Supplement the function to the national agency (NWRB, DENR) or RDC and
execute capacity strengthening for monitoring and execution; and
 Set up an appropriate RBO for Pampanga river basin based on the regional
consensus.
(11) Strategic Issue 11: Strengthen Execution and Financial Capacity for Sustainability
(a) Key Actions
The necessary actions to empower financial capacity cover:
 Increase the share of O&M budget for the river facilities in both LGUs and
NGAs/RLAs (DPWH);
 Establish specific finances in LGUs for O&M; and
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 Set up special accounts for sustainable IWRM in Pampanga river basin.
12.3 Outcomes by Amendment of Related Laws, Rules and Guidelines

12.3.1 Outcomes by Amendment of Water Code and Related Laws and Rules
The highlighted actions to amend the Water Code and other related laws and rules for Strategic Issue 1
to 4 and 6 to 8 are:
 To establish an effective period of water permit for review by NWRB;
 To provide clear compensation rule for the loss due to the priority concessionaire in time of
emergency;
 To modify the condition of the amount of water permit to specify concrete seasonal water use
schedule;
 To make a water resources basin development plan (the Basin Plan) for the strategic river basins
and to link legally with the water rights;
 To enable reallocation of the present water rights of public entities to actual water users;
 To establish reliable assurance and compensation rule for water transfer and trading; and
 To prepare the flood control basin plan (FCBP) for the severe flood prone areas and to link
legally with the reservoir operation rules of large dams (refer to details in Section 12.2.2).
With these actions the following outcomes would materialize to cope with the corresponding strategic
issues:
 The water resources supply security level in a region or the whole basin will be controlled
within the target risk of failure (for Issue 1);
 The regional water rights conflict will be significantly mitigated by the quantitative regulation
of the regional water budget covering the aggregated discharge and quantity of more than two
water permits in a region where daily or seasonal water diversion conflict prevails (for Issue 1);
 Enforcing power of NWRB will effectively function to regulate issues or to control the
aggregate rate and quantity of water permit, and the prevailing water rights conflict will be
mitigated. Provision of the NWRB owned monitoring system is also essential (for Issue 1);
 Incentive of water saving activities for water users particularly, the irrigators, will be enhanced,
the present wasteful consumption of water will be mitigated, and the growing scarcity of water
will be mitigated (for Issues 2 & 3);
 The national and local governments will be legally responsible to maintain the sustainability of
groundwater (for Issue 4);
 The national and local governments will be legally responsible to monitor the environmental
flow and water quality for sustainability of the regional water environment (for Issues 6 & 7);
 The national and local governments will be legally responsible to mitigate regional risks from
floods linked with the flood control basin plan (FCBP) (for Issue 8); and
 Flood control function of dam reservoirs will be legally justified to mitigate regional risk from
floods linked with the FCBP (for Issue 8).
Details of the background and corresponding outcomes are as noted hereunder.
Verification of Regional Water Supply Security Level
With the foregoing outcomes it will also be made possible to assess if the water shortage in Angat
River during the draught period could be mitigated in reality by the construction of the proposed two
dams, Balintingon Dam and Bayabas Dam. It will also provide instrumentation to verify quantitatively
if the water shortage in the Manila metropolitan area and the related water source area will occur only
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in time of emergency (extreme draught event) as stipulated in Article 22 of the Water Code or as
chronic events.
Incentive of Water User’s Water Saving Activities
The purpose to provide an Article is to enable reallocation of the present water rights granted to the
public entities such as NIA, MWSS and Bulacan Province to the water users such as irrigators and/or
water supply companies to enhance water saving activities (Strategic Issue 2). With this provision the
irrigators relying on the irrigation system of NIA will be required to pay the annual water charge for
the water permit while NIA will be required by the irrigators to reduce the irrigation facilities fee (IFF)
to balance the annual water charge to NWRB. NIA will also be required to change the charge system
of IFF from the unit of irrigation area to the unit of used water quantity.
The disadvantages will be balanced by the advantages, surplus benefits between the advantages and
disadvantages that are estimated to be positive and large based on the experiences in advanced
countries. If the irrigators under the NIA system pay the annual water charge regularly, the payment
will become a legal evidence of water use (water rights) and the irrigators would be legally entitled to
charge compensation for the loss induced by the priority of municipal water supply in time of
emergency to the water supply company. The surplus water right which will be created by the
water-saving activities by the irrigators can be transferred to the municipal water supply companies
with costs by regulation and/or by trading. The surplus water rights will become an income source of
irrigators. The irrigators will also have an incentive to reduce the water permit charge and/or IFF.
Legal Basis to Determine Reservoir Operation Rule to Mitigate Risk from Floods
The reservoir operation rule during extreme floods has not been officially established yet for Angat
Dam by the Joint Operation and Management Committee (JOMC).
The water rights have been vested among NIA, MWSS, NPC and Province of Bulacan, but Angat
Dam’s reservoir operation conflicts with the water users due to shortage of dependable flow inside the
watershed and the limited storage capacity for flood control during the rainy season. On the other hand,
flood control by the reservoir is the significant interest of the regional governments and residents
downstream. Water uses in the dry season and flood control in the wet season are mutually tradeoff
under the reservoir operation rule. The water users demand the dam operator to keep the reservoir
water level at the highest level even just before the rainy season, while the local governments and
DPWH in charge of mitigating flood risks demand to keep the reservoir water level at the lowest level.
The construction cost of Angat Dam facilities were originally borne by NPC except a part by MWSS
for the municipal water supply facilities. Neither storage volume allocation nor cost allocation of the
common facilities of the dam was determined among the beneficiaries at the time of the dam
commission. In particular flood control function was simply treated as incidental. The downstream
residents have enjoyed the incidental flood control benefit without the cost share and the legal basis
for the flood control function of the dam. In Japan the flood control function of large dams is defined
legally by the allocation of reservoir volume to flood control. The cost allocation for the flood control
volume is also shared legally among the concerned beneficiaries in terms of allocation of the common
facilities cost of a dam.
In order to resolve the present issue the legal basis to determine the reservoir operation rule of a large
dam shall be established by specifying the flood control function of dam reservoir linked with the
flood control basin plan (FCBP) in which the regional flood control risk level in a river basin is legally
defined. The cost required to keep flood control storage shall be borne by the public entity concerned.
12.3.2 Outcomes by Introducing Cost Allocation Rule for Multipurpose Dam
Issue 5 and Issue 8 (Manage and Mitigate Risks from Water-Related Disasters) are mutually correlated.
The highlighted actions for strategic issues 5 and 8 are: to introduce an specific law to define an
equitable cost allocation of multipurpose dams; to establish a flood control account for multipurpose
dams; and to define water permit as a tradable property in the Civil Code. Aside from introducing a
new specific multipurpose dam law, a cost allocation rule for the multipurpose dams can be
incorporated in the Water Code.
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With these actions to resolve strategic issues 5 and 8, the following outcomes could materialize:
 Multipurpose dam projects will be enhanced based on the legal basis on the cost and reservoir
volume allocation rule among multiple water users including both public and private sectors
(Issue 5);
 The national and regional governments will be legally responsible to share equitably the cost of
flood control function of dam reservoirs with water users to mitigate regional risks from floods
linked with the flood control basin plan (Issues 5 & 8); and
 Water permit will be defined as property or asset which can be treated as guaranty in the Civil
Code (Issue 5).
The heavy cost burden owing to the reservoir operation rule for flood control function of a large dam
will be equitably mitigated by the cost share by the relevant national and local governments.
12.4 Capacity Assessment of Organizations

Subsection 12.4.1 briefs the result of the capacity assessment of the existing NGAs and LGUs for
respective sector roles: planning of provincial governments and integrated area development, water
resources management, irrigation, municipal water supply, sanitation and sewerage, flood control and
mitigation of natural disasters, forest and watershed management, water quality management, and
mitigation of sediment disaster and soil control.
The key actions related with the capacity strengthening of the NGAs and LGUs in Subsection 12.2.2
are integrated and recompiled from the organizational aspect, and presented in Subsection 12.4.2 only
for the organizations for which capacity strengthening is assessed as necessary. Subsection 12.4.3
presents the key actions required for capacity development of the missing functions focusing on the
functions of river basin organizations.
12.4.1 Capacity Assessment of Existing NGAs and LGUs
(1) General
Under the decentralization and rationalization policies, the present institutional arrangements
for the functional relationships among the national government agencies and local
governments are still in transition. The roles of the national government and local
governments have not been unified, and those vary depending on the sector policy and
prevailing conditions. Annex-F 5.2.2 illustrates the present functional relationships among the
water related national government agencies and local governments. The illustrated relation is
still progressive as of March 2010.
(2) Planning of Provincial Governments and Integrated Area Development
Planning of the provincial government is well executed by the provincial planning and
development office (PPDO) under the LGC of 1991. Integrated area development approach
has been well deployed for integration and prioritization of inter-provincial and
inter-municipal development projects under the Regional Development Council (RDC) of
Region III. The RDC is the policy coordination and decision-making body in the region. The
functions of RDC are: formulation of development plans and investment programs, project
monitoring, and budgeting and investment programming. The organizational structure of RDC
Region III is given in Annex-F 12.4.1.
No specific issue was identified to empower the existing PPDO and RDC management
through the steering committee meetings, technical working group meetings and stakeholder
consultations except missing functions for the IWRM Plan implementation.
(3) Water Resources Management
The various issues on water resources management identified include (refer to Section 6.7 and
Section 9.7):
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 Risk of failure of sustainable water sources for the municipal water supply in the
region including groundwater;
 Risk of failure of securing water sources for expansion of large irrigation system;
 Inadequate reliability of water supply in Angat-Umiray System; and
 Expected increase of conflict among water users, municipal and irrigation water, and
hydropower generation.
Both legal and organizational empowerment is required to resolve these issues.
(4) Irrigation
In the irrigation sector, NIA plays the main role of implementation, as well as operation and
maintenance of the nation’s irrigation systems in collaboration with the local governments
except private irrigation systems [refer to present status of the irrigation sector in
Subsection 5.2.3(2)].
No specific issue was identified to empower the existing irrigation management through the
steering committee meetings, technical working group meetings and stakeholder consultations
(refer to Section 6.2 and Section 9.2). Water rights of irrigators are weak in Pampanga river
basin.
(5) Municipal Water Supply, Sanitation and Sewerage
Annex-T 5.2.3 illustrates the institutional structure of domestic and municipal water supply
and sanitation among national government agencies and local governments. NWRB,
Metropolitan Water Works and Sewerage System (MWSS), Local Water Utilities
Administration (LWUA) and LGUs are regulatory agencies for water supply [refer to present
status of the water supply and sanitation sector in Subsection 5.2.3(1)].
No specific issue was identified to empower the existing urban and rural water supply
management in Pampanga River through the steering committee meetings, technical working
group meetings and stakeholder consultations except implementation of sewerage system
(refer to Section 6.3 and Section 9.3).
(6) Flood Control and Mitigation of Natural Disasters
Flood control requires a river basin approach participated by multiple government agencies.
Annex-T 5.2.4 illustrates the institutional structure of national government agencies in flood
control. The DPWH plays the main role in flood control and oversees its national and regional
projects [refer to present status of the flood control and natural disasters sector in
No specific issue was identified to empower the existing flood control and natural disaster
management in Pampanga River through the steering committee meetings, technical working
group meetings and stakeholder consultations except O&M of the river facilities (refer to
Section 6.4 and Section 9.4).
The issue on reservoir operation of the multipurpose dams mostly operated by NPC and NIA
has been identified for improvement both during draught period and during extreme floods
(refer to Subsection 12.3.2).
(7) Forest and Watershed Management
Annex-T 12.4.1 illustrates the regulatory functions and corresponding responsible national
government agencies and LGUs in watershed and forest management. Pursuant to Executive
Order No. 192 (10 June 2007), the DENR is the primary government agency responsible for
the conservation, management, development and proper use of the environment and natural
resources, including forests and watershed areas through the Forest Management
Bureau (FMB). [Refer to present status of the watershed management sector in
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The legal and organizational framework of forest and watershed management is well defined.
The issue identified is how to empower the executing capacity at site in collaboration with
RBCO, FMB, LGUs, NIA and NPC (refer to Section 6.5 and Section 9.5).
(8) Water Quality Management (freshwater, seawater)
The Clean Water Act (CWA), RA No. 9275 of 2004, provides, among others, that DENR in
coordination with NWRB shall designate certain areas as water quality management areas
using appropriate physiographic units such as watersheds, river basins or water resources
regions [refer to present status of the water quality management sector in Subsection 5.2.3(5)].
The issue identified is how to empower the monitoring system and the executing capacity in
collaboration with RBCO, EMB, LGUs and related NGAs through the steering committee
meetings, technical working group meetings and stakeholder consultations (refer to
Section 6.6 and Section 8.6).
(9) Mitigation of Sediment Disaster and Soil Control
The Bureau of Soils and Water Management (BSWM) under the Department of
Agriculture (DA) remain responsible for the assessment, development and preservation of
existing and potential soil and water resources for agriculture.
No specific issue was identified to empower the sediment disaster and soil control
management in Pampanga river basin through the steering committee meetings, technical
working group meetings and stakeholder consultations (refer to Section 6.4 and Section 9.4).
12.4.2 Key Actions to Strengthen NGAs/RLAs and LGUs
The national government agencies (NGAs) and the local government units (LGUs) subject to legal
amendment and capacity improvement based on the organizational capacity assessment (refer to
Section 12.4.1) are summarized in Table 12.4.1.
Table 12.4.1 Countermeasures and Corresponding NGAs/RLAs and LGUs for Empowerment
Key IWM Issues Countermeasures NGAs/RLAs and LGUs for Empowerment
Revision of Water Code, etc. NWRB
1. Water rights allocation
Capacity development NWRB, DENR
2. Water quality management Capacity development EMB/DENR, LGUs
Revision of Water Code, etc. PMO/DPWH, LGUs, NWRB
3. Flood control: Right-of-Way
Land use law NEDA, LGUs
Capacity development DPWH, DPWH-Region III, LGUs
3. Flood control: O&M cost
Establish RBO NEDA Region III, RBCO/DENR, DPWH, NIA
4. Watershed and forest
Capacity development RBCO&FMB/DENR, LGUs
management
NEDA Region III, RBCO/DENR, NWRB,
5. Localize, implement, O&M of Capacity development
DPWH, NIA, LGUs
IWRM Plan from regional
NEDA Region III, LGUs, RBCO/DENR,
interests Establish RBO
DPWH, NIA, RDC Region III, LGUs
The key actions for the capacity strengthening of NGAs/RLAs and LGUs presented in
Subsection 12.2.2 are compiled in Table 12.4.2.
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Table 12.4.2 Key Actions to Strengthen NGAs and LGUs
Strategic Issues Key Actions of Capacity Strengthening of NGAs and LGUs
- Establish NWRB-owned reliable and accurate monitoring stations for discharge and ecological
Issue 1, Water
flow at key water conflict areas.
Rights - Strengthen the capacity of NWRB for monitoring and enforcing water rights.
- Empower the groundwater monitoring and enforcing function of the LGUs from the regional
Issue 4, interests.
Groundwater - Establish a regional monitoring system to monitor regional groundwater level collaborated with
EMB and LGUs including quantity and quality.
- Strengthen the capacity of EMB, FMB and related LGUs to execute and enforce water quality
Issue 7, Water
management effectively.
Quality - Strengthen the water quality monitoring system.
- Monitor the progress and outcomes of the ongoing capacity development of the development
Issue 9 projects and programs for forest and watershed management financed by donors.
Watershed & - Conduct capacity assessment on the outcomes from the ongoing projects and programs.
Forest - Strengthen preventive measures of forest fire including capacity development.
Management - Strengthen the execution capacity of the weak functions of FMB and LGUs still remained for
watershed and forest management.
Issue 10, - Clarify the necessary functions and missing functions in the existing organizations for IWRM
implementation.
Implementation
- Supplement the function to the line agency (NWRB, DENR) or RDC and execute capacity
of IWRM strengthening for monitoring and execution.
12.4.3 Capacity Building on Missing Functions for IWRM

(1) Mission and Functions for IWRM
To which extent the mission of IWRM is to be targeted? The IWRM mission covering the
three key management elements illustrated in Figure 12.4.1 is recommended to be applied to
Pampanga river basin (refer to Section L 2.1.3 of Supporting Report L). The three key
management elements are: i) securing safe water supply to various users; ii) securing safety
against flood and other water-related natural disasters: and iii) securing water quality for
sanitation and ecology (effluent control and waste water treatment).
Securing safe and
reliable water supply
Water Use
Flood Water
Control Environment
Securing safety Securing
against flood water quality

Figure 12.4.1 Mission of Integrated Water Resources Management
The IWRM mission at any level is made functional with the provision of essential support
from the monitoring and database systems for scientific and equitable coordination and
management.
To achieve the mission of IWRM, the following functions are envisaged to be introduced:
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 To make IWRM policy and plan, coordinate, localize the IWRM Plan;
 To implement and maintain the IWRM Plan including key water-related projects and
corresponding operation and maintenance;
 To regulate and monitor water rights;
 To prepare water resources development plan for the basin’s water rights; and
 To advocate IWRM and monitor water and watershed environment.
(2) Definition of Missing Functions under Existing Organizations
Creation of new agencies is not encouraged in Region III because the existing
instrumentalities of the bureaucracy are very capable and in better position to implement
IWRM initiatives. New entities may only be created out of the abolition of existing ones or
merger of two or more government organizations under the scrap-and-build principle. The
RDC is the policy coordination and decision-making body in the region. The functions of
RDC are formulation of development plans and investment programs, project monitoring, and
budgeting and investment programming. Integration and prioritization of development
projects can be handled by RDC.
The mission and functions of the IWRM will not be materialized in Pampanga river basin by
the capacity strengthening of the existing organizations presented in Subsection 12.4.2 and
Subsection 12.4.3 only. The questions related with the missing functions are:
 Who will maintain and manage the IWRM Plan for Pampanga river basin after the
JICA Study?
 Who will take charge of overseeing, advocating, localization and maintenance of the
IWRM Plan for Pampanga river basin?
 How will the NWRB regulate the water rights conflicts which could be more serious in
the future?
 Who will take charge of the financial burden of implementing IWRM in practice?
 How to authorize publicly a core or apex regulating organization with relevant
mandates without creation of a conflicting layer of authority?
RBO has to be designed to take charge of the missing functions identified in
Subsection 12.4.3(1), and it is also envisaged to provide the answer to these questions.
(3) Options of River Basin Organization
Description of Options
The TWG Meetings and the Stakeholder Consultation and Focus Group Discussions were
held during the study period from February to March 2010 to discuss the IWRM mission, the
position of regional water governance, the type, functions and options of the river basin
organization (refer to Subsection 5.3.6). The advantages and disadvantages of the three
options, RBO under RBCO/DENR, River Basin Committee (RBC) of RDC, and an
independent River Basin Council (RBC), are summarized in Table 12.4.3. The organization
charts for the three options are illustrated in Annex-F 12.4.2 for RBO under RBCO,
Annex-F 12.4.3 for RBC of RDC and Annex-F 12.4.4 for independent Pampanga River Basin
Council respectively. The position of water rights regulation of NWRB is illustrated in
Annex-F 12.4.5.
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Table 12.4.3 Advantages and Disadvantages of three RBO options
RBO Option Advantage Disadvantage
RBO under - Strong integration of watershed, forest and - Weak leadership of LGUs;
RBCO/DENR water quality management under DENR; - Unclear function of water rights regulation;
- Strong mandate under the President’s Office; - Weak technical capacity at field works;
- Budgetary allocation from DENR; - Potential overlapping functions with RDC
- Implementation by NGAs/RLAs and LGUs
is required because RBO has no execution
function;
RBC of RDC - Strong coordination by the existing RDC - Implementation by NGAs/RLAs and LGUs
without overlapping authority; is required because RBO has no execution
- NWRB keeps function of water rights function;
regulation; - Weak technical capacity at field works;
- RDC leadership of IWRM Plan and investment - Present MOA for O&M of Pampanga Delta
programs; FCF does not work well;
Independent - Strong advocacy power with regional interests; - Implementation by NGAs/RLAs and LGUs
RBC - NWRB keeps the function of water rights is required because RBO has no execution
regulation; function;
- O&M budgetary allocation by LGUs and
Regional NGAs/RLAs;
- Potential overlapping of functions with
RDC
Share of functions between River Basin Committee and RDC Region III
The participants of the Focus Group Discussion and Technical Working Group (TWG)
meetings supported the River Basin Committee (RBC) proposed by NEDA Region III under
RDC Region III as the best option among the three options. The content of the proposed RBC
was accepted by the 5th Joint Steering Committee meeting with TWG held on October 27,
2010. The mission and functions of IWRM recommended by the Study Team are not included
in the existing functions of the RDC (the policy coordination and decision-making on area
development projects in the region).
The advantage of the RBC of RDC is that advocate and maintenance of the IWRM Plan for
Pampanga river basin can be executed with strong coordination by the existing RDC without
overlapping authority while the implementation of project plans and programs will remain
under the jurisdiction of the concerned LGUs, RLAs, or Government-Owned and Controlled
Corporations (GOCC). The RBC will lead in the advocacy for the adoption of the IWRM Plan
in the respective plans and investment programs of the bureaucratic levels. Working together,
the Pampanga river basin/IWRM Plan implementation will be the joint and collective
responsibility of all the sectors concerned.
Its disadvantage is that the technical execution capacity at field works is weak and financial
support from the national government agencies (NGAs) is not available because the RBC is
independent from NGAs.
12.4.4 Design of River Basin Committee
(1) Objective of River Basin Committee
The objective of the Pampanga River Basin Committee set up under the Regional
Development Council of NEDA Region III, hereinafter referred to as the Committee, is to
materialize the IWRM Plan for Pampanga river basin in collaboration with the implementing
regional government agencies and local governments. The mission of the IWRM for
Pampanga river basin is to manage the whole water resources and environment for securing
safe water supply, safety against flood and other natural disasters, and water quality by a river
basin unit in line with the National IWRM Plan Framework (November 2006).
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(2) Territorial Jurisdiction
The Committee shall have jurisdiction over all the area within Pampanga river basin from the
origins to the estuaries.
(3) Allocation of Power and Functions for Implementing IWRM
Key national government agencies (NGAs) are responsible for sector policy, planning,
implementing and monitoring of national projects, and regulatory functions specific to their
jurisdiction. Local Governments at all administrative levels retain de facto responsibilities of
public utilities including water supply and sanitation for policy, planning, and regulatory
functions specific to their jurisdictions, through the respective local government units (LGUs).
The NGAs also take charge of public works and infrastructure projects and other facilities,
programs and services funded under the National Government Appropriations Act, other
special laws, pertinent executive orders, and those wholly or partially funded from foreign
sources.
The Regional Development Council (RDC), a policy coordination and decision-making body
regulates and approves inter-provincial and government loan projects (refer to
Annex-F 12.4.1). NEDA requires endorsement for implementation from all concerned
provinces for the RDC’s approval. The secretariat of RDC is NEDA Region III.
The Committee takes charge of the decision making and coordination at the level of
committee specific to the mission of the IWRM for Pampanga river basin only which is not
included in the existing functions of NGAs/RLAs, LGUs and RDC, while NGAs, RLAs and
LGUs are responsible for the implementation of decisions of the Committee specific to the
IWRM (refer to Annex-F 12.4.3).
The provincial river basin sub-committee is an option that can be established depending on the
necessity of the respective provinces.
(4) Power and Functions of the Committee
The Committee has the power to decide on its functions at the level of a committee of RDC.
However RDC Region III has the authority to reverse the decision.
The Committee shall perform the following functions:
 To make the IWRM policy and plan, to coordinate, and to localize the IWRM Plan;
 To oversee and coordinate the implementation of the IWRM Plan;
– To arbitrate (resolve issues/conflict) and monitor water rights;
– To regularly review and update water resources development plan based on the
monitoring data;
– To advocate the IWRM and monitor water quality and quantity and watershed
environment;
– To monitor O&M of the river facilities;
 To secure funding sources to support the activities for the IWRM;
 To establish, to supplement or to scrap Technical Working Groups (TWG) for specific
purposes which support the Committee such as providing necessary information and
technical advocating and monitoring activities including data collection, clarification
and analyses;
 To enforce the committee members (LGUs, RLAs, NGAs, NGOs) to execute the
specific tasks as determined by the Committee;
(5) Organizational Structure and Secretariat
The Committee shall be composed of members, a chairperson, a co-chairperson, vice
chairperson, secretariat and TWGs as shown in Figure 12.4.2.
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River Basin Committee (RBC)
Secretariat
TWGs will be setup when required.
TWG for TWG for TWG for TWG for TWG for TWG for
arbitrate and monitoring monitoring monitoring securing Monitoring and
monitoring water water quality water supply, O&M of river funding sources implementing
rights and watershed sanitation and facilities to support IWRM Plan
(surface water and environment sewerage projects and
groundwater) programs
Chair – Chair – NEDA R./
Chair – NWRB Chair – DENR Chair – Chair – DPWH
DBM/NEDA R. NWRB
Co-Chair – a Co-chair – a DILG/DOH Co-chair – a
Co-chair – a Co-chair – a
representative of representative of Co-chair – a representative of
representative of representative of
LGUs LGUs representative of LGUs
LGUs LGUs
LGUs
Figure 12.4.2 Organizational Structure of River Basin Committee
The members of the Committee are composed of major stakeholders in the water related
sectors. The members, the chairperson, the secretariat, the technical working groups and the
term are as follows1:
 Members of the Committee: Provincial Governors (7 provinces), Regional Directors of
the Technical Secretariat (6), NWRB, DA, RBCO, NPC2, a representative of NGOs3, a
representative of private sector, etc., in Pampanga river basin
 Chairperson of the Committee: a representative elected from the provincial governors
by all the Committee members
– Co-chairperson: a representative of NGO4
– Vice chairperson: NWRB or RBCO/DENR5
 Secretariat to the Committee:; NEDA Region III
 Technical Working Group (TWG): to be established as required
– Chairpersons of TWGs: a representative from the concerned NGAs/RLAs and
other stakeholders such as NEDA Region III, NWRB, DENR, DILG, DOH,
DPWH, DBM, NIA, NPC, LGUs, NGOs, private sectors, etc.
– Co-chairperson of TWGs6:a representative from LGUs or NGO
1
Those will be subject to clarification to the RDC.
2
Region III, theCentral Luzon Region, is comprised of the 7 provinces of Tarlac, Nueva Ecija, Pampanga, Zambales,
Bulacan, Aurora and Bataan, and the 5 cites of Angeles, Cabanatuan, Olongapo, Palayan, and San Jose (Nueva Ecija) with 2
Regional Centers, San Fernando and Pampanga. NEDA, DENR, DILG, DOH, DPWH (including BRS), DBM are included as
the Regional Directors of the Technical Secretariat in the Committee. NWRB, DA, NPC and RBCO are also
supplemented as the committee members. Legal basis will be necessary to include as members the provinces and cities which
are inside the Pampanga river basin but are not included in Region III.
3
People’s Organizations are treated as one of NGOs.
4
Option of Co-Chairperson was suggested in the focus group discussion (FGD), but the possibility of an NGO representative
is subject to clarification if the NGO has the authority.
5
Option of Vice-chairperson is suggested in the FGD to support the chairperson because the IWRM requires technical
support.
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 Term of chairperson, co-chairperson and vice chairperson: the same as the RDC
chairperson (4 years) or power sharing (2 years)
(6) Responsibility of Committee Members
The organizations represented by the Committee members are responsible for the execution of
specific tasks as determined by the Committee and shall contribute to the relevant TWG
activities.
(7) Responsible Activities
(a) Activities of the Committee
The Committee is responsible for conducting its functions [refer to Item (4)], for
organizing and operating the committee meetings with support from its Secretariat and
the TWGs.
(b) Activities of Member from Regional Line Agencies, Member from Local
Government Units, NWRB, NPC
(i) All members of the Committee (member from regional line agencies, member
from local government units, NWRB, NPC, NGOs) and the TWGs are
responsible for conducting the relevant activities of the TWG as determined by
the Committee.
(ii) All members of the Committee are responsible for conducting the relevant
activities of the relevant tasks based on the functions specific to their jurisdiction
by the use of respective funds as determined by the Committee.
(8) Allocation of Operation Cost of the Committee and the Specific Tasks
The operation cost of the Committee is composed of the Secretariat operation cost, the office
operation cost (rent, utilities, office facilities, etc.), the meeting costs of the Committee, and
the costs for activities of the TWGs.
The operation cost of the Committee shall be allocated among its members depending on the
relevant tasks.
Table 12.4.4 Allocation of Operation Cost of RBC
Task Responsible Operation Cost
Secretariat NEDA Region III
Office space including utilities, etc. NEDA Region III
Shared by NEDA Region III & other member
Meeting costs
organizations
Activities of TWGs Concerned RLAs, LGUs and NGAs
The cost for activities and meetings of TWGs shall be the responsibility of the concerned
RLAs, LGUs and NGAs. On the other hand, the cost for specific tasks and activities of the
implementing organizations (RLAs, LGUs and NGAs) which are determined and enforced by
the Committee shall be the responsibility of the concerned implementing organization.
(9) Technical Working Groups
The technical working groups (TWGs) listed below shall be established to support the
relevant functions and activities of the Committee. The Committee can supplement or scrap
the TWGs depending on necessity.
 IWRM Plan (Chair: NWRB/NEDA Region III): Prepare the Pampanga river basin
IWRM policy and plan, coordinate, oversee to localize, implement and maintain the
Pampanga river basin IWRM Plan.
6
Option of Co-Chairperson is suggested in the FGD to share the responsibility between NGAs and LGUs.
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 Water Right Arbitration (Chair: NWRB): Prepare water resources development plan for
the basin’s water rights, and monitor water rights regulation and enforcement (surface
and groundwater).
 Monitoring of Water Quality and Watershed Environment (Chair: DENR): Advocate
IWRM in coordination with NWRB and monitor water quality, ecosystem and
watershed.
 Monitoring of Water Supply, Sanitation & Sewerage (Chair: DILG/DOH): Monitor
implementation, operation and maintenance of water supply, sanitation and sewerage
projects.
 O&M of River Facilities (Chair: DPWH): Operate and maintain river facilities.
 O&M Costs (Chair: NEDA Region III/DBM): Monitor to secure availability of O&M
cost for the Committee, river facilities and monitoring facilities.
(10) Monitoring System
It is necessary to establish a set of monitoring systems for surface water and groundwater and
an information system for management and data-sharing. The roles of NGAs/RLAs and LGUs
for the monitoring systems are as set out below.
Table 12.4.5 Role of NGAs/RLAs and LGUs for Monitoring System
Organization Information System Surface Water Groundwater
Specific system for Water Rights/Regulation,
Water Rights Regulation/Discharge
NWRB Angat Dam Reservoir Monitoring regional water
gauging at key stations
operation level
NIA/MWSS/ Share of O&M costs,
Water use recording, system O&M
NPC data
Discharge gauging under the
BRS Share of data
mandate of BRS
Rainfall recording, FFWS, system
PAGASA Weather & FFWS
O&M
Share of O&M costs, Recording & system
LGUs
data O&M
Share of O&M costs, Water quality, Ecology & system Water quality & system
DENR/DOH
data O&M O&M
(11) Implementation Guidelines

The TWGs shall prepare the implementing guidelines to execute smooth operation of the
Committee and the TWGs in consultation with the stakeholders.
(12) Legal Basis
The power and functions of the Committee and the source of funds to implement the
Committee, the TWGs and the specific tasks of the executing organizations shall be
materialized by MOA or Executive Order. In the long term, enactment of laws will be
targeted.
12.5 Strengthening of Financial Capacity for Sustainable IWRM

12.5.1 Key Actions to Strengthen Financial Capacity
The strategic issues and key actions to strengthen financial capacity for sustainable IWRM of the
NGAs and LGUs are compiled in Table 12.5.1.
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Table 12.5.1 Key Actions to Strengthen Financial Capacity for Sustainable IWRM
Strategic Issues Key Actions to Strengthen Financial Capacity for Sustainable IWRM
Issue 1
- Strengthen financial capacity of NWRB including annual water charge collection
Water Rights
Issue 7 - Increase the fund of DENR for monitoring stations and O&M of the monitoring systems
Water Quality - Introduce the beneficiary’s pay principle (BPP) for the cost of water quality management
Issue 11 - Increase the share of O&M budget for the river facilities in both LGUs and DPWH
Strengthen - Establish specific finances in LGUs for O&M
Execution - Set up special accounts for sustainable IWRM in the basin
Capacity and - Reconfirm the definition of the responsibility of O&M of the flood control and river facilities
Sustainability after transfer of the facilities from DPWH to LGUs (MOA)
12.5.2 Fund Sources for Sustainable IWRM

(1) General
How to materialize the financial sustainability for Pampanga river basin IWRM is one of the
biggest challenges in the prevailing policy of the Philippines. To achieve the financial
sustainability sources of the necessary funds, method of collection and allocation of the funds
are to be clarified. In-depth discussion and concrete actions will be necessary about this
agenda during the course of implementing the IWRM for Pampanga river basin.
(2) Potential Fund Sources
There are various potential fund sources for the activities of RLAs, LGUs and NGAs and for
operating the River Basin Committee (RBC). Enacting a law or issuing an executive order is a
definitive solution but it may not be practicable. The concerned national and regional line
agencies and LGUs will be required to find new fund sources by themselves. Potential fund
sources are listed below as examples.
(a) For the Activities of RLAs, LGUs and NGAs for the IWRM
1) Annual operation and maintenance (O&M) budget for infrastructures such as dikes,
pumping stations, flood gates, dredging, etc., of NGAs/RLAs and LGUs
2) Revenue in General Accounts of:
a. Exploitation fee/royalty of LGUs: gravel and sand, mining, floating logs, fish
culture, etc.
b. Annual water charge for water permit (municipal, fisheries, livestock, irrigation,
power generation, industrial, recreation, others) of NWRB
c. Land tax from new lands created by coast reclamation, former channel
reclamation, etc., of LGUs
d. Utilization fee of the area inside the river regime (parks, tennis court, baseball
ground, school ground, driving school, golf course) of LGUs
3) Financial Aid Program (Sector loan for rehabilitation of river facilities)
(b) For Operating the Committee
1) Allocation of the revenue of the General Accounts
a. Exploitation fee/royalty of LGUs
b. Annual water charge for water permit
Annual water charge for water permit collected by NWRB is the revenue of DBM at
present but some portions of the charge may be allowed to be allocated to the specific
purpose of water resources management and water rights regulation. The utilization of
the area inside the river regime is a potential source of the public land use.
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(3) Collection and Allocation
Potential methods of collecting necessary funds and allocating collected funds are listed as
follows:
(a) Increase the share of the O&M budget of DPWH for river facilities which are much
smaller than those of highways and roads, of NIA for the irrigation facilities (IFF is not
sufficient), and of DENR for the monitoring systems.
(b) Make a part of the revenue in the general accounts as a special account for the O&M:
items a, b, c, d of 12.5.2(2) (a) 2).
(c) Collect strictly the annual water charge for water permit based on the beneficiaries’ pay
principle (BPP) from the organization which does not pay now, such as NIA, NPC, etc. It
can be used as a fund to establish and operate water right monitoring and enforcement.
The annual charge for hydropower use is generally highest from BPP in the international
standard.
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Chapter 13. Environmental and Social Consideration
on Programs and Projects of the IWRM Plan
13.1 Introduction
The IWRM Plan prepared during the present study consist of six (6) sectors including 18 proposed and
30 conceptual programs and projects 1 , which cover multi-sector fields, such as agricultural and
irrigation development, municipality water supply, sanitation, sewerage, flood and disaster management,
watershed management, water-related environmental management, and water resource management, to
support the Government of the Philippines in managing water resources in a sustainable manner.
In the course of identification of the programs and projects for the IWRM Plan, there was a need to
assess if the implementation of any of the proposed programs and projects would create any adverse
impact on the natural and social environment in the localities. Toward this end, the JICA Study Team
conducted a simple initial environmental examination (IEE) of the proposed projects by using screening
and scoping methods. In addition, the present legislative and institutional framework governing
environmental assessment in the country was also reviewed. The results of the simple IEE are described
in the following sections.
13.2 Existing Legislation and Legal Systems governing Environmental and Social
Consideration in the Philippines
The existing legislation and legal systems on environmental and social considerations in the Philippines
are summarized below (refer Sector I of the Supporting Report for detail).
13.2.1 Current Overall Legal Framework
In the Philippines, any private or public projects or activities which are envisaged to have a negative
impact on the environment are subjects of EIA by the Philippine Environmental Impact Statement
System (PEISS). EIA is the preliminary analysis of the potential impacts of the project on the
environment. Aware of the possible negative effects of the implementation of industrial and other
activities, the government had instituted measures to encourage the use of EIA as a planning and
decision making tool.
PEISS is a set of laws, regulations, administrative orders and guidelines for Environmental Impact
Assessment (EIA). Among them some of the most important laws and regulations are as follows:
 Environmental Impact Statement System, Presidential Decree No. 1586 (1978)
 Presidential Proclamation No. 2146 (1981) and No. 803 (1996)
 DENR Administrative Order No. 30 Series of 2003 (DAO 03-30), Revised Procedural Manual
(2007)
 Recent Issued Memorandum Circulars (MCs) Relevant to PEISS, such as MC No. 2010-14,
Standardization of Requirements and Enhancement of Public Participation in the Streamlined
Implementation of the Philippine EIS System and MC No. 2010-002, Clarification to DENR MC
No. 2010-14 and other EIS system policy issuances.
13.2.2 Procedures of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)
(1) Projects Covered by PEISS
Projects which have been originally declared as Environmentally Critical Projects (ECPs) or
projects in Environmentally Critical Areas (ECAs) are assumed to have significant impacts on
the quality of the environment, and to be subjects of PEISS. The four (4) ECP project types and
twelve (12) ECA categories declared are summarized in the tables below.
1
The proposed programs and projects are planned by the relevant government agency, while the conceptual programs and
projects are proposed by the Study Team and subject for further revision to determine the project components. Basically, the
programs and projects in the IWRM Plan have been prepared in consultation with the stakeholders in the course of the Study.
13-1
Table 13.2.1 Summary of Environmentally Critical Projects (ECPs)
Main Categories Sub-Category
A. Golf Course Project - Golf course projects/complexes
- Iron and Steel Metals
Non-ferrous Metal Industries

B. Heavy Industries
Petroleum and Petrochemical Industries
Smelting Plants
- Fishery Projects-dikes for/and fishpond development projects
C. Resource Extractive Industries - Forestry Projects
- Major mining and quarrying projects
- Major Dams
- Major Reclamation Projects
D. Infrastructure Projects Major Power Plants (Proc No. 2146 declared types:
fossil-fueled, nuclear fueled, hydroelectric or geothermal)
Source: Revised Procedural Manual for DENR Administrative Order No. 30 Series of 2003 (DAO 03-30) (2007)
Table 13.2.2 Summary of Environmentally Critical Areas (ECAs)

ECA Categories Examples
A. Areas declared by law as national
parks, watershed reserves, wildlife Areas of the National Integrated Protected Areas System (NIPAS)
preserves, and sanctuaries
B. Areas set aside as aesthetic, potential Areas declared and reserved by the Department of Tourism or other
tourist spots authorities for tourism development
C. Areas which constitute the habitat for Areas inhabited by indeterminate species, threatened species, rare
any endangered or threatened species species, endangered species, such species categorized as Appendix I
of indigenous Philippine wildlife or II of CITES as well as listed in the The National List of Threatened
(flora and fauna) Fauna
- National historical landmarks, geological monuments,
D. Areas of unique historic, paleontological and anthropological reservations as designated or
archeological, geological, or scientific determined by the National Historical Institute, National Museum,
interests National Commission for Culture and the Arts, National
Commission on Geological Sciences, and other authorities
E. Areas which are traditionally
- Areas that are occupied or claimed as Certificated Ancestral
occupied by cultural communities or
Domains/Lands by indigenous communities
tribes
-
Areas frequently visited or hard-hit by typhoons
-
Areas frequently visited or hard-hit by tsunamis
F. Areas frequently visited and or -
Areas frequently visited or hard hit by earthquakes
hard-hit by natural calamities -
Storm surge-prone areas
(geologic hazards, floods, typhoons, -
Flood-prone areas
volcanic activity, etc. -
Areas prone to volcanic activities
-
Areas located along fault lines or within fault zones
-
Drought-prone areas
-
Lands with slope of 50% or more
G. Areas with critical slope
-
Alienable and disposable forest lands and unclassified forests
-
Irrigated and irrigable areas and other areas mapped under the
H. Areas classified as prime agricultural
Network of Protected Areas for Agriculture (NPAA) of the Bureau
lands
of Soils and Water Management (BSWM)
I. Recharged areas of aquifers - Areas of sources of water replenishment
- Areas that are tapped for domestic purposes
J. Water bodies
- Areas which support wildlife and fishery activities
- Tidal areas covered by salt-tolerant, intertidal tree species
K. Mangrove Areas
- Areas declared as mangrove swamp forest reserves
- Areas characterized by the assemblage of different types of marine
plants and organisms
L. Coral Reefs
- Areas identified by local sources such as PAWB-DENR to be rich
in corals.
Source: Revised Procedural Manual for DENR Administrative Order No. 30 Series of 2003 (DAO 03-30 (2007)
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(2) Responsible Government Institutions for PEISS
The review and supervision of PEISS are conducted by the Environmental Management
Bureau (EMB), Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR). The respective
organization charts of DENR and EMB are shown in Sector I of the Supporting Report.
Under the framework of PEISS, EMB is responsible for the issuance of decision making
documents such as Environmental Compliance Certificate (ECC), Certificate of Non-Coverage
(CNC) and Denial Letter. Also, EMB regional offices in the respective regions are primarily
responsible for the consultation and supervision of development projects.
(3) Documents Required by PEISS
To facilitate identification of the required documents under the PEISS for consultation and
decision-making by DENR-EMB, the projects are classified into five (5) major groups as
summarized in the table below.
Table 13.2.3 Project Groups for EIA under PEISS
ECPs (Environmentally Critical Projects) in either ECAs (Environmentally Critical Areas) or
Group I
NECAs (Non-Environmentally Critical Areas)
Group II NECPs (Non-Environmentally Critical Projects) in ECAs
Group III NECPs in NECAs
Group IV Co-located Projects in either ECA or NECA
Group V Unclassified Projects
Source: Revised Procedural Manual for DENR Administrative Order No. 30 Series of 2003 (DA) 03-30) (2007)
The EIA-covered projects listed above require either of the following documents depending on
the project type, location, magnitude of potential impacts and project threshold:
 Environmental Impact Statement (EIS);
 Programmatic EIS (PEIS);
 Initial Environmental Examination Report (IEER);
 IEE Checklist (IEEC);
 Environmental Performance Report and Management Plan (EPRMP);
 Programmatic Environmental Performance Report and Management Plan (PEPRMP);
or
 Application form to be processed in the Automated Processing System (APS)2.
All documents should be prepared by the project proponent and submitted together with the
following information to the EMB Central Office or the Environmental Impact Assessment
Division in the concerned EMB Regional Office.
 Proof of compatibility with the existing land use plan, if necessary;
 Proof of ownership or authority over the project site;
 Accountability Statements of the proponent and the EIS preparers;
 Photographs or plates of the project site, impact areas an affected areas and
communities;
 Duly Accomplished Project Environmental Monitoring and Audit Prioritization
Scheme (PEMAPS)3 Questionnaire;
2
Currently APS is an internal system managed by EMB RO although EMB plans to develop an online application system for
CNC with the possible management system of application fees according to the interview with EMB staff.
3
PEMAPS is an internal EMB strategy for selecting and prioritizing projects to be subject to compliance monitoring, based on
evaluation by EMB and the Proponent’s responses to the Environmental Risk Categorization Questionnaire described in the
Revised Procedural Manual for DAO 03-30.
13-3
 Copy of Previous ECC (if any); and
 Latest Self-Monitoring Report (SMR)4 (if with previous ECC, Compliance Monitoring
Report (CMR) Format5).
Also, the above information can be included or attached to the respective EIA report. Then, the
decision documents may either be an ECC, CNC or a Denial Letter, described as follows:
(a) Environmental Compliance Certificate (ECC): An ECC is issued as a certificate of
Environmental Compliance Commitment to which the proponent conforms after
DENR-EMB explains the ECC conditions.
(b) Certificate of Non-Coverage (CNC): A CNC certifies that the project is not covered by the
EIS System and is not required to secure an ECC, based on the review of submitted
application form under APS.
(c) Denial Letter: A Denial Letter is issued for disapproval of the application. It shall contain
an explanation for the disapproval and guidance on how the application can be improved
to a level of acceptability in the EIA process.
In addition, an ECC Amendment is one of the decision documents for existing co-located
projects for modification or re-startup as well as those operating without ECCs.
The following table shows the types of EIA report, decision document, deciding authority and
processing duration by project group.
Table 13.2.4 Summary of Project Groups, EIA Report Types, Decision Documents, Deciding
Authorities and Processing Duration
Documents Processing
Required for Decision Deciding Authority Duration
Project Groups
ECC/CNC Document (MC-2010-14) (Working Days)
Application (MC2010-14)
I: ECPs I-A: New EIS
(single I-B: Existing Projects
EMB Director /
projects) in for Modification, ECC 40 days
EPRMP DENR Secretary
either ECA Re-startup or Operating
or NECA without ECC
EIS ECC EMB RO
(Regional Office) 20 days
II-A: New IEER /IEEC ECC
II: NECPs Director
(single App. for APS CNC EMB RO Director 1 day
projects) in II-B: Existing Projects EPRMP ECC EMB RO Director 20 days
ECA for Modification,
Re-startup or Operating App. for APS CNC EMB RO Director 1 day
without ECC
III: NECPs
(single
III-A: New App. for APS CNC EMB RO Director 1 day
projects) in
NECA
DENR
IV-A: New PEIS ECC Secretary/EMB 40 days
Director
IV: Co-located
IV-B: Existing Projects
Projects
for Modification, ECC/ECC
PEPRMP EMB RO Director 20 days
Re-startup or Operating Amendment
without ECC
V: Unclassified Projects App. for APS CNC EMB RO Director 1 day
Source: Prepared by the JICA Study Team based on the Revised Procedural Manual for DENR Administrative Order
No. 30 Series of 3003 (DAR 03-30) (2007), Memorandum Circular No. 2010-14, and the information obtained
from the interview with EMB.
4
SMR is a detailed report on compliance to environmental standards specific to environmental laws as described in the Revised
Procedural Manual for DAO 03-30.
5
CMR format is provided in the Revised Procedural Manual for DAO 03-30.
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Besides, Memorandum Circular No. 2010-002 prescribes that the following projects shall be
exempted from securing ECC regardless of the location:
 LPG storage and refilling stations with less than or equal to one (1) ton storage capacity;
 Gasoline stations prior to 1996 without any expansion or modification;
 Low-cost subdivision/housing and resettlement area projects with total gross lot area of
one (1) hectare or less including amenities, if any; and
 Fast foods and restaurants with less than one (1) hectare total gross flood area including
parking and other open spaces.
(4) Outline of Required Documents by PEISS
The outline of the required documents, namely; EIS, IEE, IEE Checklist, PEIS, EPRMP,
PEPRMP and Application form for CNC under APS, are shown in Supporting Report I.
13.2.3 Public Participation in EIA Process
With the aim of enhancing public participation in the EIA process, PEISS states the procedures of
Information, Education and Communication (IEC) and Public Scoping as well as Public
Hearing/Consultation.
Also, in terms of involvement of indigenous peoples in decision-making process, the National
Commission of Indigenous People (NCIP) developed Administrative Order No. 1, namely, the Free and
Prior Informed Consent (FPIC) guidelines. The guidelines aims to ensure genuine participation of
Indigenous Cultural Communities (ICCs) and Indigenous Peoples (IPs) in decision-making as well as to
protect the rights of ICCs/IPs in the introduction and implementation of activities that will impact upon
their Ancestral Domains/Lands(ADs/ALs).
13.2.4 Relevant Laws, Regulations and Guidelines
The laws, regulations and guidelines concerning: i) land acquisition and involuntary resettlement;
ii) environmental standards; and iii) other social aspects relevant to IPs are shown in
Supporting Repor I.
13.3 Preliminary Evaluation of Potential Environmental and Social Impacts

13.3.1 Outline of Programs and Projects in the IWRM Plan
The IWRM Plan prepared in November 2010 is composed of six (6) sectors including 18 proposed and
30 conceptual programs and projects. Annex-T 13.3.1 gives the outlines and scopes of the respective
programs and projects.
13.3.2 Identification of Projects covered by the PEISS
In accordance with the PEISS mentioned in Subsection 13.2.2, the 22 programs and projects included in
the IWRM Plan may require the preparation of documents for the ECC/CNC application, at least, in
their F/S, as shown in Annex-T 13.3.1 and summarized in the table below below.
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Table 13.3.1 Proposed and Conceptual Programs and Projects in the IWRM Plan Covered by PEISS
Documents Required For Code of Projects
Groups Description
ECC/CNC Application Concerned*1
ECPs (Environmentally Critical
AI-P-01, 02*2, 09,
Projects) in either ECAs Environmental Impact Statement (EIS)/
IS-C-02, MW-P-04,
Group I (Environmentally Critical Areas) Environmental Performance Report and
MW-C-05, 06,
or NECAs (Non-Environmentally Management Plan (EPRMP)
FL-C-01
Critical Areas)
EIS/EPRMP AI-P- 04,11, AI-C-01,
Initial Environmental Examination Report MW-P-02,
NECPs (Non-Environmentally (IEER) / Initial Environmental Examination MW-C-01~04,
Group II
Critical Projects) in ECAs Checklist (IEEC) / App. for Application FL-P-01~02,
Format to be processed in the Automated WQ-P-01, WQ-C-04
Processing System (APS) (Group II or III,
depending on project
Group III NECPs in NECAs App. for APS
location)
Programmable Environmental Impact
Co-located Projects in either ECA Statement (PEIS)/ Programmable
Group IV -
or NECA Environmental Performance Report and
Management Plan (PEPRMP)
Group V Unclassified Projects App. for APS AI-P-03, 05
Note: 1*: The project codes correspond to the project titles as shown in Annex-T 13.3.1.
2*: The original ECC was issued on 21 January 1992 based on the Environmental Impact Assessment undertaken in
1986. An updated EIS was prepared during the F/S conducted in 2009 due to the possible changes of the baseline data.
As shown above, there are four (4) proposed and four (4) conceptual projects identified as
Environmentally Critical Project (ECP) under Group I which requires EIS for ECC application while
there are six (6) proposed and six (6) conceptual projects defined as NECP, which shall be categorized
into Group II or III depending on whether or not the project site is located in ECAs since there is
limitation of the information to determine the project sites at this stage. Besides, there are two (2)
projects categorized as Group V requiring preparation of the application format for Automated
Processing System (APS).
In addition, other conceptual and planned projects of the IWRM Plan could be categorized into the
groups mentioned above when their project components and sites are determined.
13.3.3 Alternative Options for Conceptual Projects Categorized as Environmentally Critical
Project under the PEISS
As mentioned in the previous section, there are four (4) conceptual projects proposed by the Study Team
and categorized as ECP under Group I. In order to mitigate the potential adverse impacts by the projects,
the alternative options for the projects are considered, as tabulated below.6
6
Since the project components shall be revised in the further studies, the alternative options are subject to be changed to select
the optimum option in the following studies. Therefore, this report limits to the simple initial IEE for each option without the
selection of the optimum options.
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Table 13.3.2 Alternative Options for Conceptual Projects Categorized
as Environmentally Critical Projects
Code of
Proj Alternative Options Examined Outline/Scope of Program/Project Remarks
ects*
Major activity is the construction of the dam (H=110m)
Option 1 Bayabas storage dam and its relevant structures aiming to have a reservoir -
with 144 MCM storage capacity.
Major activities are the construction of facilities:
- Rock-fill center-core dam (H=140m) and its
appurtenant structures aiming to have a reservoir with
572 MCM storage capacity.
Balintingon storage - Open-type powerhouse equipped with 2 Francis type Same as
Option 2 damand conveyance to turbines with the capacity of 15 MW
MW-C-05/ AMRIS - Diversion weir (L=140m) AI-P-01
IS-C - Irrigation facilities: main canal (L=109km),
-02 laterals(L=168km) and sub-laterals, main and
supplementary farm ditches, drainage channels
(L=210km), and access roads
Upgrading and Major activity is to upgrade the main canals in AMRIS
improvement of irrigation
Option 3 by concrete lining to reduce the conveyance loss in the -
facilities and water canals.
management of AMRIS
Excess water for MWSS Major activity is the construction of Laiban Dam which
Option 4 from Ipo Dam (Laiban is expected to respond to the future water demand of -
Dam) Metro Manila.
Residual groundwater at Major activity is the installation of wells with pipelines
Option 1 surrounding cities/ and pumps for intake of water from neighboring
municipalities municipalities.
Direct abstraction of Major activity is the installation of the system for direct
surface water of Pampanga
Option 2 abstraction of surface water of Pampanga river through -
River at Cong Dadong
MW-C-06 the reservoirs.
Dam
Major activity is the construction of 108m high, zoned
embankment dam to store irrigation water for 11,000 ha Same as
Option 3 Gumain Reservoir Project of paddy field and 5,200 ha of sugarcane plantation and
to increase the water supply to 7,900 ha under the AI-P-09
Porac Gumain & CaulamanRiver Irrigation System.
Major activities are the construction of riverbank and
Option 1 River Channel channel dredging/excavation at the downstream of -
Improvement
FL-C-01 Pampanga river.
Major activity is the construction of dike to set up the
Option 2 Flood Retarding Basin -
flood retarding basin in Pampanga river basin.
ote *: The project codes correspond to the project titles as shown in Annex-T 13.3.1.
ource: JICA Study Team
13.3.4 Screening and Scoping of Programs and Projects based on the JICA Guidelines for
Environmental and Social Consideration
All the proposed and conceptual programs and projects of the IWRM Plan were re-examined in
accordance with the former JICA Guidelines for Environmental and Social Considerations issued in
2004 due to the commencement timing of the Study, so that the Study Team could formulate the IWRM
Plan to minimize any adverse impact. To do so, the following procedures were taken:
Step 1 Screening: All the 18 proposed and 30 conceptual programs and projects including the
alternative options were screened by using a checklist, as shown in Annex-T 13.3.2.
Step 2 Scoping: The potential impacts which are expected by a project were further reviewed to
evaluate the extent and nature of the respective impacts.
Step 3 Selection of mitigation measures: Based on the evaluation, mitigation measures for projects
with potential adverse impacts were proposed.
13.3.5 Result of Initial Screening and Scoping of Programs and Projects in the IWRM Plan
As for the impact assessment of the Screening, the relevant environmental impact items were ranked
depending on their environmental and social significance in accordance with the rating criteria listed
below.
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Rating Criteria
 A+/-: Significant positive/negative impact is expected.
 B+/-: Some positive/negative impact is expected.
 C+/-: Extent of positive/negative impact is unknown. (Further examination is required in the
further project formulation)
 -: No negative impact is expected.
The results of the initial screening of all the proposed and conceptual programs and projects in the
IWRM Plan are shown in Annex-T 13.3.2. Accordingly, there are 11 programs and projects including
10 options with the rating of A- and/or B- on the relevant environmental impact items as summarized in
the table below.
Table 13.3.3 Proposed and Conceptual Programs and Projects in the IWRM Plan with Possible
Negative Environmental Impacts Identified in the Initial Screening Process
Possible Negative Environmental Impacts by the Project
Code of Items Expected to be
Projects Affected by
Items Expected to be Affected by Less Adverse Impacts (B-)
Concerned* Significant Adverse
Impacts (A-)
AI-P-01/ - Construction Phase: Topography, Landscape, Air pollution, Waste, Noise and
- Planning Phase: vibration
MW-C-05/ Involuntary - Construction and Operation Phases: Inequality between beneficiaries and
IS-C-02 resettlement, Social project-affected peoples, Water use right, Water pollution
(Option 2) vulnerable groups - Operation Phase: Flow regime of lake and river, Flora and fauna, Bottom sediment
- Construction Phase: Topography, Landscape, Air pollution, Waste, Noise and
- Planning Phase: vibration
Involuntary - Construction and Operation Phases: Inequality between beneficiaries and
AI-P-02 resettlement, Social project-affected peoples, Water use right, Flora and fauna, Water pollution
vulnerable groups - Operation Phase: Flow regime of lake and river, Bottom sediment, National park or
equivalent area in terms of its ecological importance
AI-P-04 - - Operation Phase: Flow regime of lake and river
AI-P-09/ - Construction Phase: Topography, Landscape, Air pollution, Waste
- Construction and Operation Phases: Water use right, Flora and fauna, Water
MW-C-06 - pollution
(Option 3) - Operation Phase: Flow regime of lake and river, Bottom sediment
MW-P-01/02 - - Operation Phase: Flow regime of lake and river
- Construction Phase: Topography and geology, Landscape, Waste
MW-P-04 - - Construction and Operation Phases: Water use right, Water pollution
- Operation Phase: Flow regime of lake and river, Bottom sediment
MW-C-05/ - Construction Phase: Topography and geology, Landscape, Air pollution, Waste
- Construction and Operation Phases: Water use right, Flora and fauna, Water
IS-C-02 pollution
(Option 1) - Operation Phase: Flow regime of lake and river, Bottom sediment
- Planning Phase: - Construction Phase: Topography and geology, Landscape, Air pollution, Waste,
MW-C-05/ Noise and vibration
Involuntary
IS-C-02 resettlement, Social - Construction and Operation Phases: Inequality between beneficiaries and
(Option-4) project-affected peoples, Flora and fauna, Water pollution
vulnerable groups - Operation Phase: Flow regime of lake and river, Bottom sediment
MW-C-06
- - Planning Phase: Conflict of interests
(Option 1)
MW-C-06
- - Operation Phase: Flow regime of lake and river
(Option 2)
FL-C-01 - Planning Phase: - Construction Phase: Air pollution, Water pollution, Waste, Noise and Vibration
Involuntary - Construction and Operation Phases: Inequality between beneficiaries and
(Option 1) resettlement project-affected peoples
- Planning Phase: Conflict of interests
- Planning Phase:
FL-C-01 - Construction and Operation Phases: Existing social infrastructure, National park or
Land use and equivalent area in terms of its ecological importance, Flora and fauna, Water
(Option 2) utilization of local pollution
resources - Operation Phase: Flow regime of lake and river
Note *: The project codes correspond to the project titles as shown in Annex-T 13.3.1.
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13.3.6 Scoping Results and Proposed Mitigation Measures
(1) Significant Adverse Impacts (A-)
As a result of the screening mentioned in the preceding section, significant adverse
impacts (A-) would be expected to have three (3) environmental components as shown in the
following table. The table also indicates the timing of occurrence of impacts and the
corresponding possible mitigation measures.
Table 13.3.4 Details, Timing of Occurrence and Mitigation Measures
for Significant Adverse Impacts (A-)
Timing of
Environmental Details of the adverse
Projects* occurrence Mitigation Measures
Components impacts
of Impacts
i) Involuntary The installation of AI-P-01, 02, Planning - Selection of alternative project
Resettlement infrastructures would MW-C-05(Opt. 2, 4), Phase sites with less number of affected
cause involuntary IS-C-02 (Opt. 2, 4), households through discussion
resettlement at the project FL-C-01(Opt. 1)7 with the community.
sites. - Proper planning, implementation
and monitoring of appropriate
resettlement action plans.
ii) Land Use/ Land acquisition for the FL-C-01(Opt. 2) Planning - Proper planning, implementation
Utilization of flood retarding basin Phase and monitoring of compensation
Local (approx. 16,000 ha) could measures for the land owners.
Resources be implemented.
iii) Socially Involuntary resettlement AI-P-01, 02, Planning - Enhancement of full participation
Vulnerable would involve MW-C-05(Opt. 2, 4), Phase of IPs in accordance with Free and
Groups communities of IS-C-02(Opt. 2, 4) Prior Informed Consent (FPIC)
Indigenous Peoples. guidelines in coordination with
NCIP.
- Preparation, implementation and
monitoring of the action plans to
recover the livelihoods of
indigenous peoples affected
considering their culture and
traditional customs.
(2) Less Significant Adverse Impacts (B-)

Also, less significant adverse impacts (B-) will be expected for the following 14 environmental
components as tabulated below.
7
For AI-P-01 and MW-C-05/IS-C-02 (Opt. 2), 800-1,000 families are expected to be resettled in the project, based on the
interview with General Tino. In the case of AP-P-02, 548 families are expected to be resettled according to the interview with
NIA. Also, MW-C-05/IS-C-02 (Opt. 4) could affect 4,300 families. As for FL-C-01 (Opt. 1), the involuntary resettlement of
2,365 families is expected based on the Pampanga Delta Development Project (Flood Control Component) Review Study for
Phase 2, 2003, Nippon Koei Co., Ltd.
13-9
Table 13.3.5(1/3) Details, Timing of Occurrence and Mitigation Measures
for Less Significant Adverse Impacts (B-)
Timing of
Environmental
Details of Adverse Impact Projects Occurrence Mitigation Measures
Components
of Impacts
i) Existing Social Some of the existing roads FL-C-01 (Opt. 2) Construction - Supplementary
Infrastructures could be affected by the and infrastructures at the
construction of dike. Operation junctions of existing roads
Phases and planned dike aiming to
secure the current
accessibility of
communities.
ii) Inequality The resettlement could AI-P-01, 02, Construction - Proper planning,
between impact the income level of MW-C-05 (Opt. 2, 4), and implementation and
beneficiaries Project-Affected-People. IS-C-02 (Opt. 2, 4), Operation monitoring of appropriate
and Project- FL-C-01 (Opt. 1) Phases resettlement action plans.
Affected-
People (PAP)
iii) Conflict of Some conflicts of interest MW-C-06(Opt.1) Planning - Information sharing
interests may arise between relevant Phase between relevant LGUs
LGUs in terms of from the early stage of the
allocation of required project.
groundwater sources. - Organizational setup of
inter-municipal bodies to
mediate disputes.
Some conflicts of interest FL-C-01(Opt.2) Planning - Information sharing
may arise between Phase between relevant
implementing agencies stakeholders from the early
and some environmental stage of the project.
organizations due to
potential impacts on
biodiversity in the locality.
iv) Water use right Some conflict of the water AI-P-01,02,09, Construction - Information sharing with
and common use right would be MW-P-04, and holders of current water use
land use right expected considering that MW-C-05 (Opt.1, 2), Operation right at the project relevant
current status of water use MW-C-06 (Opt. 3), Phases area from the early stage of
right may not be conferred IS-C-02 (Opt. 1, 2) the project in order to reach
on the implementing mutual consensus on
agencies for respective possible transference of
project purposes. water rights for project
implementation.
- Organizational setup to
mediate disputes among
stakeholders.
v) Topography Some changes on AI-P-01,02,09, Construction - Introduction of slope
and geology topography and MW-P-04, Phase protection works in case of
geographical features are MW-C-05 (Opt. 1, 2, 4), high risk of soil erosion
expected due to the MW-C-06 (Opt. 3), - Examination of alternative
relevant earthworks. IS-C-02 (Opt. 1, 2, 4) project sites which require
less earthworks.
vi) Flow regime Some changes on flow AI-P-01,02,04, 09, Operation - Examination and assurance
of lake and regime of lake, river and MW-P-01,02,04, Phase of the amount of water flow
river swamp would be expected MW-C-05 (Opt. 1, 2, 4), required for the livelihood
due to storage or extraction MW-C-06 (Opt. 2, 3), activities and biodiversity in
of river water by the IS-C-02 (Opt. 1, 2, 4) the downstream.
infrastructure to be
constructed.
…Continue to next page
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Table 13.3.5 (2/3) Details, Timing of Occurrence and Mitigation Measures
Timing of
Environmental
Details of Adverse Impact Projects Occurrence Mitigation Measures
Components
of Impacts
vii)National park Installation of reservoir AI-P-02 Operation - Examination and
or equivalent may result in a habitat Phase consideration of the amount
area in terms change of the area which is of water flow required for
of the connected to Zambales the habitats of flora and
ecological Range which is considered fauna in the respective area.
importance as Important Bird Area8.
Project implementation FL-C-01 (Opt. 2) Construction - Conservation measures for
may alter the current and the habitats of the important
condition of Candaba Operation species, especially
swamp which has been Phases waterfowls, such as
declared as a bird restoration of vegetations
sanctuary by LGU as well cleared in the course of
as recognized as a Ramsar project implementation, and
candidate site and part of assurance of the necessary
the East Asian- water flow for the species.
Australasian Flyway. - Examination of alternative
project sites.
viii)Flora and The distribution of flora AI-P-01, 02, 09, Construction - Minimal cleaning of
Fauna and fauna in the area may MW-C-05 (Opt. 1, 2, 4), and vegetation.
be altered due to the MW-C-06 (Opt. 3), Operation - Restoration of vegetation
clearing of vegetation by FL-C-01 (Opt. 2), Phases cleared by project
the construction works and IS-C-02 (Opt. 1, 2, 4) implementation, especially
change of the flow regime at the habitats for vulnerable
in and around the area. species.
- Examination and
consideration of the amount
of water flow required for
the habitats of flora and
fauna in the respective
areas.
ix) Landscape The original landscape can AI-P-01, 02, 09, Construction - Planting of grasses at the
be changed by the slope MW-P-04, Phase slope with the installation of
cutting works at the MW-C-05 (Opt. 1, 2, 4), structural measures, if
installation of facilities. MW-C-06 (Opt. 3), necessary
IS-C-02 (Opt. 1, 2, 4)
x) Air pollution Air pollution due to AI-P-01, 02, 09, Construction - Proper maintenance of
equipment used for the MW-P-04, Phase equipment.
installation of MW-C-05 (Opt. 1, 2, 4),
infrastructures may impact MW-C-06 (Opt. 3),
on air quality in and FL-C-01 (Opt. 1),
around the project site. IS-C-02 (Opt. 1, 2, 4)
Dust and particulate - Spraying water on exposed
generation could impact on surfaces of the construction
air quality. area.
8
Balog-Balog Multipurpose Project, Stage II, Feasibility Updating Study, December 2009, National Irrigation Administration
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Table 13.3.5 (3/3) Details, Timing of Occurrence and Mitigation Measures
Timing of
Environmental Details of Adverse
Projects Occurrence Mitigation Measures
Components Impacts
of Impacts
xi) Water Soil inflow due to the AI-P-01, 02, 09, Construction - Quarrying of gravels at the
Pollution earthworks could MW-P-04, Phase site apart from the rivers.
deteriorate water quality of MW-C-05 (Opt. 1, 2, 4), - Slope protection works with
the localities. MW-C-06 (Opt. 3), vegetation cover.
FL-C-01 (Opt. 1)
IS-C-02 (Opt. 1, 2, 4)
Soil inflow into the water AI-P-01, 02, 09, Operation - Slope protection works with
bodies due to the erosion MW-P-04, Phase vegetation cover.
of upper catchments could MW-C-05 (Opt. 1, 2, 4), - Check dams at the critical
impact on water quality of MW-C-06 (Opt. 3), tributaries.
the localities. IS-C-02 (Opt. 1, 2, 4)
xii)Waste The increment of the AI-P-01, 02, 09, Construction - Proper treatment of waste in
workers at the construction MW-P-04, Phase coordination with LGUs.
stage can increase the MW-C-05 (Opt. 1, 2, 4),
amount of the waste or MW-C-06 (Opt. 3),
generate waste scrap FL-C-01 (Opt. 1)
materials. IS-C-02 (Opt. 1, 2, 4)
xiii)Noise and The local residents in and AI-P-01,02, Construction - Time-limited use of
vibration around the project sites MW-C-05 (Opt. 2, 4), Phase equipment.
would be disturbed by FL-C-01 (Opt. 1),
noise due to the IS-C-02 (Opt. 2, 4)
construction works
xvi)Bottom Some impacts caused by AI-P-01,02,09, Operation - Slope protection works with
sediment the bottom sediment at the MW-P-04, Phase vegetation cover.
water storages, such as MW-C-05 (Opt. 1, 2, 4) - Check dams at the critical
limitation of the water MW-C-06 (Opt. 3), tributaries.
storage capacity of the IS-C-02 (Opt. 1, 2, 4)
dams or water pollution,
would be expected
13.4 Identification of Necessary Monitoring Items during the Project Cycle

Based on the adverse impacts identified in the former section, necessary items to be monitored were
identified by phase of the project cycle.
13.4.1 Construction Phase
There are five (5) environmental parameters, soil erosion, air quality, water quality, waste, noise and
vibration, to be monitored during the construction phase. The recommended monitoring measures
including location, frequency of monitoring and analysis measures are summarized in the following
table.
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Table 13.4.1 Recommended Monitoring Measures for Environmental Parameters
at the Construction Phase
Parameters to be Frequency of
Projects* Location Analysis Measures
Monitored Monitoring
1. Soil Erosion AI-P-01,02,09, Project sites Monthly - Measurement of the
MW-P-04, size of soil erosion
MW-C-05 (Opt. 1, 2, 4), and slope failures
MW-C-06 (Opt. 3),
IS-C-02 (Opt. 1, 2, 4)
2. Air Quality/ Dust AI-P-01, 02, 09, Project sites and Prior to - Gravimetric method
Pollution/ Total MW-P-04, surrounding areas operation
Suspended MW-C-05 (Opt. 1, 2, 4),
Particulates (TSP) MW-C-06 (Opt. 3),
FL-C-01 (Opt. 1),
IS-C-02 (Opt. 1, 2, 4)
3. Water Quality/ AI-P-01, 02, 09, Project sites Quarterly - Water sampling
BOD, pH, DO MW-P-04,
MW-C-05 (Opt. 1, 2, 4),
MW-C-06 (Opt. 3),
FL-C-01 (Opt. 1),
IS-C-02 (Opt. 1, 2, 4)
4. Waste AI-P-01, 02, 09, Project and Twice a week - Waste
MW-P-04, camping sites characterization
MW-C-05 (Opt. 1, 2, 4), - Waste Volume
MW-C-06 (Opt. 3), measurement
FL-C-01 (Opt. 1),
IS-C-02 (Opt. 1, 2, 4)
5. Noise and AI-P-01,02, Project sites and Quarterly - Use of Sound Level
Vibration MW-C-05 (Opt. 2, 4), surrounding areas Meter
FL-C-01 (Opt. 1),
IS-C-02 (Opt. 2, 4)
13.4.2 Operation Phase

The recommended monitoring measures for three (3) environmental parameters at the operation phase
such as biodiversity, water quality and bottom sediment are shown in the table below.
Table 13.4.2 Recommended Monitoring Measures for Environmental Parameters

at the Operation Phase
Parameters to be Frequency of
Projects* Location Analysis Measures
Monitored Monitoring
1. Biodiversity AI-P-01, 02, 09, Project sites Yearly - Reconnaissance survey to grasp
MW-C-05 (Opt. 1, 2, 4), and/or affected the current condition of fauna
MW-C-06 (Opt. 3), surrounding and flora.
FL-C-01 (Opt. 2), area - Counting of important species.
IS-C-02 (Opt. 1, 2, 4)
2. Water Quality/ AI-P-01, 02, 09, Outfall of Quarterly - Water sampling
BOD, pH, DO MW-P-04, spillway,
MW-C-05 (Opt. 1, 2, 4), reservoir zone
MW-C-06 (Opt. 3),
FL-C-01 (Opt. 1)
IS-C-02 (Opt. 1, 2, 4)
3. Bottom AI-P-01, 02, 09, Reservoir Once in 5 - Measurement with equipment
Sediment MW-P-04, years such as Echo Sounder
MW-C-05 (Opt. 1, 2, 4)
MW-C-06 (Opt. 3),
IS-C-02 (Opt. 1, 2, 4)
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13.4.3 Identification of Monitoring Items throughout the Project Cycle
For the impacts to project-affected-people (PAP) including the indigenous people caused by involuntary
resettlement and land acquisition, as well as the implementation of the resettlement action plan, the
compensation plan and the other action plans for the recovery of livelihood of the PAPs, they should be
monitored by the implementation agencies throughout the project cycle of each project.
13.5 Important Notice on Implementation of the Projects
When the environmental and social consideration of the project, which consists of the IWRM Plan, is
examined, the comments, suggestions and recommendations of the stakeholders have to be incorporated
through stakeholder meetings. Moreover, the methodologies and procedures for organizing of the
stakeholder meetings shall accord to the standards in the Philippines, and those in of the donor, if the
project is implemented through assistance from the donor.
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Chapter 14. Conclusions and Recommendations
14.1 Principal Water-related Problems in Pampanga River Basin
The particular water-related problems in Pampanga river basin are as enumerated below:
14.1.1 Conflicts on Surface Water Allocation and Distribution among the Water Users
Pampanga river basin (i.e. the study area) has ever played an important role as the food basket for the
Philippines through its large scale of national irrigation schemes such as UPRIIS in Pampanga main
river basin and AMRIS in Angat river basin. Such large scale of irrigation area requires the bulk
surface irrigation water. Pampanga river basin has also functioned as the important surface water
source to cover about 90% of the domestic water use in Metro Manila and its outskirts, which are
located out of Pampanga river basin. These surface water demands for irrigation and domestic use
have largely relied on the supply from the two large dam reservoirs; namely Pantabangan and Angat
storage dams. Nevertheless, the surface water supply capacity of Angat storage dam in particular is
judged to be critical causing the serious conflicts between the water supplies for irrigation in
Pampanga river basin and the domestic water use in Metro Manila.
14.1.2 Deterioration of Groundwater and Relevant Problems Caused by the Excessive
Abstraction of Groundwater
Almost whole domestic water use in Pampanga river basin relies on the groundwater as the water
source. However, the ever increasing population/industrial activities and the concentration of the
population/industrial estates into the regional urban centers induces the excessive abstraction of
groundwater and causes the deterioration of quality of groundwater and lowering of groundwater
level/land subsidence. As the results, the sustainable water supply for the domestic use is being
hardly performed in many water districts. The land subsidence due to the excessive abstraction of
the groundwater also aggravates the flood problems.
14.1.3 Flood and Sediment Disasters
The flood overflow along Pampanga River and its tributaries occurs almost every year due to
inadequate channel flow capacity, which leads to a large flood damages. Moreover, the serious
sediment accumulations in the downstream river channels are in progress. The flood and sediment
problems are caused by the following unfavorable activities:
 Increment of the flood peak discharges inflicted by expansion of the urbanized areas in the river
basin,
 Encroachment of the houses and fishponds into the river areas,
 Increment of population and assets in the habitual flood inundation areas, which lead to
increment of the potential flood damages,
 Decrease of the basin flood detention capacity caused by the excessive logging in the upland
forest areas, and
 Damage of the river structures caused by the excessive sand mining in the river channels.
14.1.4 Problems on Watershed Management
The present extent of forest cover is limited to only about 50% of the classified forestlands in
Pampanga river basin. Moreover, forest fires, illegal loggings and other unfavorable activities in the
forest area are causing the serious degradation of watersheds. The devastation of the watershed tends
to cause various water-related adverse effects such as increment sediment runoff associated with
acceleration of the slope failure, increment of flood peak runoff discharge and reduction of low flow
discharge due to reduction of the basin rainfall detention capacity.
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14.1.5 Water Pollution and Other Water-related Environment Problems
The serious water pollution such as mixture of toxic material into the surface water as well as the
groundwater has not occurred in the most part of Pampanga river basin, yet. The quality of the
groundwater in the coastal part of the river basin is, however, being aggravated due to the excessive
abstraction associated with intrusion of the salinity water. Moreover, the domestic wastewater is now
directly discharged into rivers and drainages without adequate treatment. Pollution control for
industrial discharge is also not enough due to lack of proper control and monitoring system. In
addition, there is illegal dumping of solid waste. All of these could degrade the water quality and
may possibly bring out the critical pollution of the surface water, groundwater as well as the ocean
water in Manila Bay in the future.
14.2 Significance and Necessity of IWRM for Pampanga River Basin
In order to cope with the aforesaid water-related problems, the relevant government agencies as well
as the non-government entities have ever implemented a variety of the projects for water resources
management and development. Many of the problems are, however, still left behind without any
fundamental solution. Moreover, the completed and/or proposed projects are not always based on the
adequate coordination with all water-related sectors, and at the same time, the requirements of the
stakeholders have not been well reflected to the projects.
As the results, the project in a specific water-sector has often caused the adverse effect to other water
related sectors, which led to difficulties in achieving the accountable, effective and sustainable project.
Moreover, the problems in the water sector would be unavoidably more significant as the population
increase, the economic activities expand and other socio-economic conditions change in the future.
In view of the above natures of the water-related problems, it is indispensable to adapt the concept of
IWRM for Pampanga river basin, which stresses the following four different principles:
 Integrated and holistic approach crossing multi-water sectors,
 Adaptable response to the future dynamic changes of the socio-economic conditions and the
natural conditions inflicted by increment of population, change of industrial structures, change
of the vegetation, climate changes and other factors,
 Involvement of stakeholders at every stages and steps of plan formulation and implementation
of the water-related project and
 Broader focus points such as fairness, economical effect, efficiency and sustainability of the
water-related projects.
14.3 Recommendations on the Proposed IWRM Plan for Pampanga River Basin
The various proposals on IWRM for Pampanga river basin are made in this study. The principal
recommendations on the proposals are as described hereinafter.
14.3.1 Guideline for Formulation of IWRM Plan
The member of NWRB formulated the “IWRM Plan Framework in the Philippines” in 2006 clarifying
the concept and the direction of the IWRM Plan. Taking the “IWRM Plan Frame Work” in to
account, the guideline on the methodologies and procedures for formulation of the IWRM Plan was
prepared in this study and used as the basic material for consensus buildings of the stakeholders on the
procedures of the plan formulation. The guideline is also expected to be used as the references to
formulation of IWRM Plans for other river basins.
The guideline prepared in the study is, however, likely to still contain an immature part, and it would
be necessary to improve such immature part through actual implementation of the IWRM Plan. The
immature part to be improved is addressed especially to the project evaluation method for
determination of the priority orders of the projects for IWRM.
The project evaluation is made through viewpoints of 6 different categories such as “Viability of the
Project”, “Enhanced Livelihood”, “Improved Quality of Life”, “Decentralized Development”,
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“Sustained Ecosystem” and “Empowered People”. Each of the 6 categories further involves 4 to 5
detailed points of evaluation, and thereby the evaluation is made from 25 detailed viewpoints in total.
Introduction of such multi-evaluation points aims at enhancing the objective and precise evaluation of
the inter-sector projects based on the comprehensive viewpoints. However, the members of TWG for
the study pointed out that the proposed evaluation method would contain too many evaluation points
and some of the evaluation points would be ambiguous. Hence, it would be necessary to monitor the
results of project implementation and improve the project evaluation method through clarification of
difference between the results of project evaluation before project implementation and the outcomes of
the actual project implementation.
14.3.2 Principal Visions of the IWRM Plan for Pampanga River Basin
The “Poverty Alleviation” and the “Economic Development” are adopted as the principal visions of
the IWRM Plan for Pampanga river basin, and all development scenarios in the Plan shall be oriented
to these principal visions. However, the following particular attentions shall be given to these
principal visions:
(1) Poverty Alleviation
The “Poverty Alleviation” is oriented to betterment of the livelihood/increase of the income
for the poverty thresholds and at the same time, it aims at securing the basic human needs
such as the safe drinking water and safe living conditions against flood and other water-related
disasters. Moreover, the approaches to the “Poverty Alleviation” shall not be made by
sacrifice of the vital ecosystem.
The average ratio of the poverty thresholds in the study area as of 2006 is about 20%, which is
lower than the national average of about 33%. However, a particular attention shall be given
to the ratio of the poverty thresholds in Nueva Ecija Province in the study area. The ratio in
the Province is about 38%, which exceed the national average. The majority of the
employees in the Province are engaged to the agriculture/forestry sector and one of the crucial
issues on the poverty alleviation for the province shall be addressed to increment of the
income of the employees in the sector.
(2) Economic Development
The “Economic Development” is oriented to not only development of the regional economy
but also preserving and/or recovery of the ecosystem in Pampanga river basin. It is further
noted that the manufacturing and the agriculture are the major industries in Region III, which
produce the Gross Value Added of more than 50% in the Region. Accordingly, these
industrial sectors shall take the principal roles for the “Economic Development” in Pampanga
river basin, and thereby enhancement of the bulk water supply system for the manufacturing
and the irrigation system for the agriculture shall be the important water-related works to
promise the economic development in the study area.
14.3.3 Projects Proposed as the Components of IWRM Plan for Pampanga River Basin
The proposed IWRM Plan involves the inter-sector projects, which belong to various water-related
sectors such as “the agriculture/fishery development”, “the municipal water supply, sanitation and
sewerage development”, “management of flood and sediment disasters”, “the watershed management”
and “the water-related environmental management” The following special attentions on
implementation of these projects shall be given:
(1) Project Implementation Schedule
The IWRM Plan for Pampanga river basin include the 84 projects in total, which are to be
implemented in the short-term (2011-2015), the mid-term, (2016-2020) and/or the long-term
(2021-2025). Of these projects, those to be implemented in the short-term shall be provided
with the earlier budgetary arrangement as well as other necessary preparatory works for
project implementation. As for the projects to be implemented in the mid-term and
long-term, however, the changes of social and natural environments relevant to the project
implementation shall be carefully monitored and the reexamination may be required to the
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project implementation schedule as well as the contents of the projects in accordance with the
results of monitoring.
(2) Project Investment Plan
The projects as the components of the IWRM Plan for Pampanga river basin is classified into
the on-going projects, the proposed projects and the conceptual projects. The necessary
investment cost of about 99 billion pesos for the on-going and proposed projects have been
arranged and/or they are being programmed by the projects proponents. However, there is
nothing to be done with the project investment cost of about 70.1 billion pesos for the
conceptual projects. Hence, the budgetary arrangement for the conceptual projects is newly
required and the following particular attentions shall be given:
 The feasibility studies for many of the conceptual projects shall be carried out before
project implementation in order to verify the project viability, decide the project
implementation bodies and estimate the precise project investment cost.
 The project investment shall be shouldered by the central government, the LGUs
and/or the corporation/private firm. Of these project investors, the corporation/the
private firm would be required to arrange a substantial part of the necessary project
investment cost for development of the municipal water supply system and sanitation
facilities. The investment cost by the corporation/private firm has to be fully
recovered through collection of the water service charges. Such full cost recovery has
been preliminarily verified based on the comparison between the necessary investment
cost and the possible amount of water service charge. Nevertheless, the details on the
full-cost recovery for development of the municipal water supply shall be reexamined
before project implementation.
(3) Implementation of the Inter-sector Projects
The projects as the components of the IWRM Plan for Pampanga river basin involve the
inter-sector projects, which are related to the plural water-sectors. The inter-sectors projects
would need to be implemented jointly by the several government agencies and private firms
under the umbrella of the under-mentioned River Basin Committee (RBC). At the same time,
it is necessary to clarify the demarcations of each of the relevant agencies for the inter-sector
projects based on the prevailing laws and regulations. The inter-sector projects and their
principal issues in Pampanga river basin are as enumerated below:
(a) Water Allocation and Distribution for Multipurpose Dam
There exist two (2) large scale multipurpose dam reservoirs in Pampanga river basin;
namely Pantabangan Dam and Angat Dam. Moreover, in order to cope with the
incremental water demands, several new multipurpose dams are proposed in this study.
The existing and proposed multipurpose dams aim at allocating and distributing the
water for various purposes such as irrigation, municipal water use and hydropower
generation. Such water allocation and distribution would require the proper
coordination among the water users, and thereby, the typical potential conflicts, which
would require the proper coordination, are as enumerated below:
 Conflict between water allocations and distributions for irrigation and municipal
water use during a drought period,
 Conflict between the intensive discharges released from dam for peak hydropower
generation and .the constant discharge from dam for water distribution to irrigation
and municipal water uses, and.
 Cost share of the relevant agencies for development of new multipurpose dams.
(b) Flood Control by Multipurpose Dam
The clear reservoir operation rule for flood control has not been set forth for Angat
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multipurpose dam in spite of the flood control capacity of 42 MCM allocated to the dam
during the wet season. As the results, the flood control capacity is sometimes curtailed
and a part of it is used for water supply, which may lead to the excessive discharge
released from the dam during a flood and man-made floods in the lower leaches of the
dam. In order to avoid such man-made flood damage, it is indispensable to set forth
the definite reservoir operation rule for flood control through coordination among the
various agencies related to dam reservoir operation, flood control and use of discharge
released from the dam.
(c) Watershed Management in Cooperation with Flood/Sediment Disaster
Management and Water Resources Development/Management
The extensive deforestation would reduce the basin detention capacity of the rainfall,
whereby the excessive basin peak runoff would occur during a flood, while the river
flow discharge would be reduced during a dry season. Such dynamic hydrological
change would lead to the various calamities such as: (i) the flood disasters in a wet
season, (ii) the water deficit in a dry season, and (iii) reduction of the river
environmental flow. Moreover, the deforestation in the upper reaches of the dam
reservoir would cause a large volume of sediment inflow into the dam reservoir causing
the serious deterioration of the function of the reservoir.
As described above, the watershed management, which could control the excessive
deforestation, is closely related to the management of flood/sediment disaster and/or the
water resources development/management. Accordingly, the projects in these three (3)
sectors would need to be implemented through the close mutual cooperation.
(d) Coordination between the Flood Management and the Fishery Development
The fishery development is one of the important sectors for the water-related economic
development in Pampanga river basin. However, some of the fish ponds developed as
a part of fishery development encroach to the river area reducing the river channel flow
capacity. In order to check such encroachment of the fishponds and preserve the river
channel flow capacity, development of fish ponds shall be jointly monitored and
controlled by the agencies in charge of flood control and fishery development.
(e) Flood Management in Cooperation with Agricultural Development
One of serious problems for the agricultural development in Pampanga river basin is
addressed to the flood overflow from the river to the irrigation areas by the river and/or
the poor drainage in the irrigation area. In order to cope with the flood problems in the
irrigation area, it is required to identify the habitual flood inundation area and formulate
the strategic flood mitigation plan for protection of the irrigation area in cooperation
each other of flood management and agricultural development sectors.
(f) Approaches to Preservation of Environmental River Flow
The environmental river flow is the important factor to preserve the appropriate river
ecosystem, and it is indispensable to estimate the necessary minimum river discharge as
the environmental river flow and secure it throughout a year. The environmental river
flow is largely influenced by the forest conservation in the upper reaches, the discharge
released from the dams and the water intakes from the rivers. Accordingly, securing of
the environmental river flow shall be jointly undertaken by the agencies in charge of the
river ecosystem as well as the watershed management, the dam reservoir management
and the management of water resources in corporation each other.
14.4 Proposed Institutional Setup for IWRM in Pampanga River Basin
14.4.1 Organization Setup
The River Basin Committee (RBC) shall be newly established under the existing Regional
Development Council (RDC) Region III in order to lead the relevant government agencies and the
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private entities to the effective IWRM for Pampanga river basin. The RBC is composed of the
Committee, the Secretariat and TWG. The roles and members of these components are as below:
 The Committee is at the top of the RBC having the roles of formulation of the policy and
framework for IWRM Plan of Pampanga river basin and coordination/direction to the
under-mentioned TWG members for implementation of IWRM Plan. The Committee shall
involve the relevant provincial governors and the representatives of the TWG, and NGOs.
 The NEDA Region III supports the Committee as the Secretariat.
 The TWG formulate the details of the IWRM Plan and monitors the project implementation
relevant to IWRM. The members of the TWG are summoned from the relevant national
government agencies/regional line agencies, NGOs and private firms, as required.
14.4.2 Legal Set up
Amendments of the existing regulations and/or laws and establishment of the new legal frameworks
shall be made to attain the appropriate and effective IWRM for Pampanga river basin. The principal
work items required to the legal setup are as below:
(1) Establishment of the New Legal Basis for Regulation of Water Use Right
In order to attain the more rational and equitable water permit system, it is required to set the
new legal basis, which specifies the seasonal variations of the allowable maximum limits of
the water uses, and the minimum water supply security level for the water uses. A detailed
implementation rule and regulation (IRR) shall be also prepared to clarify the rules, processes,
compensation and all other necessary conditions for lease and transfer of the water right so as
to enhance the more efficient water uses.
(2) Amendments of the Present Legal Set up for Overlapping Water Charge System
The Water Code prescribes that NWRB is entitled to collect the water fees and charges for the
water permit, while the Local Government Code prescribes that the LGU is entitled to collect
a share from the proceeds of water resources within its jurisdiction area. It is required to
unify the overlapping provisions on the water charges in the Water Code and the Local
Government Code.
(3) Establishment of New Legal Basis on Cost Allocation Rule for Multipurpose Dam
Projects
The legal basis on cost allocation rule for multipurpose dam projects shall be newly
established to achieve the rational and equitable water allocation for irrigation/municipal
water use and hydropower generation during a drought.
(4) Establishment of New Legal Basis on Environmental River Flow
The legal basis on the minimum the environmental river flow shall be newly established in
order to preserve the appropriate rivet ecosystem.
(5) Establishment of New Legal Basis on River Basin Committee (RBC) for IWRM in
The power and functions of the RBC and the necessary financial source for activities of RBC
shall be appropriated by MOAs or Executive Order.
14.5 Application of the Results of the Study to the Future IWRM in Philippines
The results of the study include various items such as: (a) the guideline for formulation of IWRM Plan,
(b) the development scenarios for IWRM by the target year 2025, (c) the eligible projects as the
components of the IWRM Plan as well as their implementation and investment schedule and (d) the
organization and legal setup required to implementation of IWRM Plan for Pampanga river basin.
These results of study shall be applied to the actual IWRM immediately after completion of the study
and sustainably developed through the continuous efforts by the relevant agencies. NWRB in
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particular as the leading counterpart agency for the study, is expected to accomplish the following
missions:
14.5.1 Support for Establishment of and Activities by River Basin Committee (RBC)
NWRB would take the following missions to support establishment and activities of the RBC
proposed in the study:
 To support preparation of the Minutes of Agreement (MOA) or Executive Order (EO), which
appropriates the power and functions of the RBC and the financial source for activities of RBC,
 To monitor the outcomes of the activities by RBC (i.e., the results of implementation of the
proposed IWRM plans), and
 To review and revise the proposed IWRM plans based on the results of the above monitoring.
14.5.2 Missions as the Member of RBC
NWRB would accomplish the following missions related to management of water use right and water
allocation/distribution as a core member of RBC:
 To make capacity development on appraisal of water use right and adjustment of water
allocation and distribution including capacity development on estimation of eligible water
supply capacity and development of the basic database,
 To strengthen the monitoring system for usage of surface water and groundwater,
 To arbitrate the conflicts among the various water users, when the arbitration could not be made
at the level of RBC, and
 To amend the present legal setup related to approval of water use right and water
allocation/distribution.
14.5.3 Development of Concept of IWRM as the Nationwide Movement
NWRB would be required to develop the concept of IWRM all over the country trough the following
activities:
 To formulate the strategic plan for development of the concept of IWRM,
 To review and make the necessary revisions on the guideline for formulation of IWRM Plan
proposed in the study, and
 To introduce the IWRM Plan to other river basins.
14-7
Annex-Tables
Annex-T 1.2.1 Overlapping Ration of Study Area with the Administrative Area of City/Municipality
Total Area Area Inside Study Area Area out of Study Area Overlapping Ration with
Province City/Municipality 2 2 2
(km ) (km ) (km ) Study Area
Angat 59 53 6 89.8%
Baliuag 44 44 0 100.0%
Bulacan 69 11 58 16.1%
Bustos 40 18 23 43.8%
Calumpit 47 47 0 100.0%
Dona Remedios Trinidad 879 854 25 97.2%
Guiguinto 25 2 23 6.6%
Hagonoy 95 95 0 100.0%
Malolos City 73 73 0 100.0%
Bulacan Norzagaray 247 207 40 83.9%
Pandi 50 1 49 2.8%
Paombong 46 46 0 100.0%
Plaridel 35 20 15 56.5%
Pulilan 44 44 0 100.0%
San Ildefonso 167 167 0 100.0%
San Miguel 236 236 0 100.0%
San Rafael 105 105 0 100.0%
Santa Maria 79 1 78 1.0%
Total 2,337 2,021 317 86.4%
Aliaga 92 92 0 100.0%
Bongabon 229 225 5 97.9%
Cabanatuan City 198 198 0 100.0%
Cabiao 113 113 0 100.0%
Carranglan 739 693 46 93.7%
Gabaldon 253 252 0 99.9%
Gapan 165 165 0 100.0%
Gen Mamerto Natividad 98 98 0 100.0%
General Tinio 581 580 1 99.9%
Guimba 219 137 82 62.6%
Jaen 90 90 0 100.0%
Laur 221 221 0 100.0%
Licab 60 60 0 100.0%
Llanera 114 114 0 100.0%
Lupao 143 130 13 90.9%
Nueva Ecija Palayan City 136 136 0 100.0%
Pantabangan 421 421 0 100.0%
Penaranda 79 79 0 100.0%
Quezon 68 68 0 100.0%
Rizal 124 124 0 100.0%
San Antonio 157 157 0 100.0%
San Isidro 58 58 0 100.0%
San Jose City 162 162 0 100.0%
San Leonardo 52 52 0 100.0%
Santa Rosa 117 117 0 100.0%
Santo Domingo 83 83 0 100.0%
Science City Of Munoz 142 142 0 100.0%
Talavera 135 135 0 100.0%
Talugtug 73 39 35 52.8%
Zaragosa 72 72 0 100.0%
Total 5,195 5,013 182 96.5%
Angeles City 63 63 0 100.0%
Apalit 60 60 0 100.0%
Arayat 177 177 0 100.0%
Bacolor 74 74 0 100.0%
Candaba 208 208 0 100.0%
City Of San Fernando 69 69 0 100.0%
Floridablanca 121 83 38 69.0%
Guagua 49 49 0 100.0%
Lubao 155 149 6 96.0%
Mabalacat 146 140 6 96.2%
Macabebe 102 102 0 100.0%
Pampanga Magalang 105 105 0 100.0%
Masantol 46 46 0 100.0%
Mexico 122 122 0 100.0%
Minalin 45 45 0 100.0%
Porac 293 292 1 99.5%
San Luis 55 55 0 100.0%
San Simon 60 60 0 100.0%
Santa Ana 40 40 0 100.0%
Santa Rita 23 23 0 100.0%
Santo Tomas 14 14 0 100.0%
Sasmuan 45 45 0 99.9%
Total 2,073 2,022 51 97.6%
Bamban 251 147 104 58.5%
Capas 422 134 288 31.7%
Concepcion 221 221 0 100.0%
Tarlac La Paz 117 117 0 100.0%
Tarlac City 261 132 129 50.6%
Victoria 112 83 29 74.4%
Total 1,384 834 550 60.3%
Dingalan 330 62 268 18.9%
Aurora Maria Aurora 415 9 406 2.1%
San Luis 568 123 445 21.7%
Hermosa 126 5 121 4.0%
Bataan
Orani 47 9 38 19.0%
Alfonso Castaneda 570 144 426 25.2%
Aritao 275 7 268 2.6%
Nueva Vizcaya
Other Province Dupax del Sur 380 5 375 1.3%
Santa Fe 347 7 339 2.1%
Pangasinan Umingan 230 26 204 11.3%
Quezon General Nakar 1,438 30 1,408 2.1%
Rizal Rodriguez 309 42 267 13.6%
Botolan 654 3 652 0.5%
Zambales
San Marcelino 393 71 322 18.0%
Total 6,083 544 5,539 8.9%
Grand Total 17,073 10,434 6,639 61.1%
ANT-1-1
Annex-T 2.3.1 List of Meteorological Gauging Stations (for Precipitation)
Coordinates *1 Monthly Precipitation Data Available Record Years
No. Station Name Province Type
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Latitude N Longitude E Source
01 CLSU Munoz NUEVA ECIJA PAGASA-Synoptic 15°43′00″ 120°54′00″ 1
02 Cabanatuan NUEVA ECIJA PAGASA-Synoptic 15°29′18″ 120°57′42″ 6
03 Port Area NCR PAGASA-Synoptic 14°35′00″ 120°59′00″ 1
04 Science Garden NCR PAGASA-Synoptic 14°38′41″ 121°02′31″ 6
05 Infanta QUEZON PAGASA-Synoptic 14°45′00″ 121°38′48″ 6
06 Baler QUEZON PAGASA-Synoptic 15°46′00″ 121°34′00″ 1
07 Casiguran AURORA PAGASA-Synoptic 16°17′00″ 122°07′00″ 1
08 Dagupan PANGASINAN PAGASA-Synoptic 16°03′00″ 120°20′00″ 1
09 Iba ZAMBALES PAGASA-Synoptic 15°20′00″ 119°58′00″ 1
10 Balungao PANGASINAN PAGASA 15°54′00″ 120°40′00″ 1
11 Consuelo NUEVA VIZCAYA PAGASA 16°10′00″ 120°57′00″ 3
12 Bai Magalang PAMPANGA PAGASA 15°13′00″ 120°42′00″ 1
13 San Fernando PAMPANGA PAGASA 15°02′00″ 120°42′00″ 3
14 Mayantoc TARLAC PAGASA 15°36′00″ 120°21′00″ 4
15 Santa Rita ZAMBALES PAGASA 15°10′00″ 120°03′00″ 4
16 Hacienda Luisita TARLAC PAGASA 15°26′00″ 120°36′00″ 4
17 Becuran PAMPANGA PAGASA 15°00′00″ 120°34′00″ 4
ANT-2-1
18 SantaCruz PAMPANGA PAGASA 15°04′00″ 120°33′00″ 4

19 Base AFB PAMPANGA Air Force Base 15°01′00″ 120°30′00″ 4
20 Gabong NUEVA VIZCAYA NIA 16°01′40″ 121°21′00″ 3
21 Pantabangan Dam NUEVA ECIJA NIA-UPRIIS 15°49′06″ 121°06′34″ 2
22 Sapang Buho NUEVA ECIJA TelemetryNetwork 15°35′39″ 121°07′09″ 2
23 Gabaldon NUEVA ECIJA TelemetryNetwork 15°29′55″ 121°21′20″ 2
24 Zaragoza PAMPANGA TelemetryNetwork 15°26′36″ 120°45′03″ 2
25 Papaya PAMPANGA TelemetryNetwork 15°21′17″ 121°03′56″ 2
26 San Isidro PAMPANGA TelemetryNetwork 15°18′49″ 120°54′09″ 2
27 Arayat PAMPANGA TelemetryNetwork 15°10′06″ 120°46′56″ 2
28 Candaba PAMPANGA TelemetryNetwork 15°06′56″ 120°51′01″ 2
29 Sibul Spring BULACAN TelemetryNetwork 15°10′04″ 121°03′27″ 2
30 Sasmuan PAMPANGA TelemetryNetwork 14°56′14″ 120°37′37″ 2
31 Sulipan PAMPANGA TelemetryNetwork 14°56′22″ 120°45′31″ 2
32 Ipo Dam BULACAN TelemetryNetwork 14°52′30″ 121°08′44″ 2
33 San Rafael BULACAN TelemetryNetwork 14°57′31″ 120°57′53″ JST
34 Masanga QUEZON others 14°59′36″ 121°32′06″ 5
35 Tuno QUEZON others 14°45′50″ 121°32′30″ 5
36 Lumutan QUEZON others 14°45′00″ 121°21′00″ 5
Note (*1): 1- identified in Ref(1), 2- identified in Ref(2), 3- identified in Ref(3), 4- identified in Ref(4), 5- identified in Ref(5), 6- identified in PAGASA data, JST- estimated by Jica Study Team : data available : include missing data
References: Ref(1): NWIN, http://www.nwin.nwrb.gov.ph/
Ref(2): PAGASA-JICA, Basic Design Study Report on the Project for Upgrading of Flood Forecasting and Warning System in Pampanga and Agno River and Basins in Republic of Philippines, 2007.
Ref(3): NIA, Defenitive Development Plan, Irrigation Component of the Casecnan Multipurpose Irrigation and Power Project (CMIPP-IC), Appendix-I, 2000.
Ref(4): Pinatubo Hazard Urgent Rehabilitation Project, Mornitoring and Planning of Flood Control Works on the Pasac Delta (including the Porac-Gumain River) and Third River Channel, Final Report, Appendix No.2, Meteorology and Hydrology, 2002
Ref(5): JICA,NWRB, The Study on Water Resources Development for Metro Manila in the Republic of the Philippines, Final Report, Vol.III, Master Plan Study, Supporting Report, 2003.
Annex-T 2.3.2 List of Meteorological Gauging Stations
(for Climatic Data other than Precipitation)
No. Station Name Type Available data period
Monthly Mean Temperture (°C)
1961 - 1980
1 CABANATUAN PAGASA-Synoptic
1991 - 2007
2 CLSU MUNOZ PAGASA-Synoptic 1977 - 2007
Monthly Relative Humidity Data
1961 - 1980
1991 - 2007
Monthly Wind speed Data
1961 - 1980
1991 - 2007
Monthly Sunshine duration Data
Monthly Evaporation Data
Maximum Mean Temperture (°C)
Minimum Mean Temperture (°C)
ANT-2-2
Annex-T 2.4.1 List of Hydrological Gauging Stations
Drainage Drainage Monthly Discharge Data Available Record Years
No. ID RiverName Location Area Area (This
1946
1947
1948
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
(Original) Study)
01 326 Carranglan Baluarte, Carranglan, Nueva Ecija 258 246
02 327 Santor San Vicente, Laur, Nueva Ecija 544 545
03 328 Santor Cuyapa, Gabaldon, Nueva Ecija 89 88
04 329 Digmala Labi, Bongabon, Nueva Ecija 52 54
05 330 Coronel Bangkerohan, Bongabon, Nueva Ecija 709 712
06 332 Pampanga Malate, Bongabon, Nueva Ecija 2015 2038
07 333 Cabu Cabu, Cabanatuan City 143 142
08 334 Pampanga Valdefuente, Cabanatuan City 2441 2455
09 335 Tabuating Soledad, Sta.Rosa, Nueva Ecija 79 81
10 337 Pampanga San Anton, San Leonardo, Nueva Ecija 2851 2778
11 338 Penaranda San Vicente, Gapan, Nueva Ecija 575 566
12 339 Penaranda San Josef, Penaranda, Nueva Ecija 512 519
13 340 Penaranda(Headworks) San Josef, Penaranda, Nueva Ecija 511 519
14 341 Chico Ilog na Munti, Gen.Tinio, Nueva Ecija 160 157
15 342 Sumacbao Pias, Gen.Tinio, Nueva Ecija 287 309
16 343 Pampanga Camba(San Agustin), Arayat, Pampanga 6487 6315
17 344 Talavera Caboboloonan, Talavera, Nueva Ecija 431 391
18 345 Rio Chico Sto. Rosario, Zaragoza, Nueva Ecija 1177 1604
19 346 Rio Chico Banga, Arayat, Pampanga 2982 2888
20 347 Benituan Pasong Intsik, Guimba, Nueva Ecija 208 117
21 348 Baliwag Catalanacan, Munoz, Nueva Ecija 284 248
22 349 Talavera Lomboy, San Jose, Nueva Ecija 261 281
23 350 Pampanga Pialuan, Pantabangan, Nueva Ecija 838 834
24 351 Pampanga Pasig, Candaba, Pampanga 7468 6324
25 352 Pantabangan Poblacion, Pantabangan, Nueva Ecija 253 268
26 353 Pampanga Sta. Cruz, San Luis, Pampanga 7756
27 354 Pampanga San Juan, San Simon, Pampanga 7776
28 355 Maasim Bahay-Pare, Candaba, Pampanga 174 187
29 356 Maasim Diliman, San Rafael, Bulacan 150 146
30 357 Candaba Swamps Ducma, Candaba, Pampanga 7458
31 358 Garlang Creek Garlang, San Ildefonso, Bulacan 5 6
A
32 359 Garlang Garalang, San Ildefonso, Bulacan 85 80

33 360 San Miguel San Vicente, San Miguel, Bulacan 256 234
34 361 Balaong-Madlum Sta. Ines, San Miguel, Bulacan 204 206
35 362 Bulo Malibay, San Miguel, Bulacan 57 58
36 363 Pampanga Sulipan, Apalit, Pampanga 7849
37 364 Sulipan Cut-off Channel Sulipan, Apalit, Pampanga 7874
38 365 Francis San Miguel Calumpit, Bulacan 0
39 366 Bebe Cut-off Channel No.1 Bebe, Masantol, Pampanga 0
40 367 Bebe Cut-off Channel No.2 Bebe, Masantol, Pampanga 0
41 368 Pampanga Budbud, Masantol, Pampanga 0
42 369 Pampanga Poblacion, Calumpit, Bulacan 7910
43 370 Pampanga San Miguel, Calumpit, Bulacan 7914
44 371 Labangan Halang, Hagonoy, Bulacan 0
45 372 Sta.Maria Bagbagin, Sta.Maria, Bulacan 187
46 373 Labangan Tibagin, Hagonoy, Bulacan 0
47 374 Labangan San Antonio, Hangonoy, Bulacan 0
48 375 Labangan Bagbag, Calumpit, Bulacan 1016
49 376 Angat Pungo, Calumpit, Bulacan 1014
50 377 Angat Poblacion, Pulilan, Bulacan 963
51 378 Angat Longos, Pulilan, Bulacan 959 882
52 379 Bayabas Pulong Sampaloc, Angat, Bulacan 74 70
53 380 Angat Below Ipo Dam, Norzagaray, Bulacan 629 619
54 381 Pasig-Potrero Cabetican, Bacolor, Pampanga 242
55 382 Pasig-Potrero HDA. Dolores, Porac, Pampanga 28
56 3100 Pampanga San Vicente, Cabiao, Nueva Ecija 3467 3404
57 3101 Parua San Nicolas, Bamban, Tarlac 148
58 3103 Madlum Sibul Spring, San Miguel, Bulacan 102 118
59 3104 Rio Chico Sta. Monica, Concepcion, Tarlac 2090 1818
60 233 Casecnan Dakgan, Madella, Nueva Vizcaya 872 859
61 236 Casecnan Gabong, Nueva Vizcaya 532 584
62 3110 Talavera San Andres Llanera, San Jose City 380 375
63 3116 Pampanga San Isidro Bridge, San Isidro, Nueva Ecija 3387 3368
64 3119 Abacan San Juan, Mexico, Pampanga 86
65 384 Porac Del Carmen, Floridablanca, Pampanga 111 116
66 3121 Porac Poblaciaon, Porac, Pampanga 37 38
67 3122 Angat Sabang, Angat, Bulacan 794 781
68 385 Gumain Floodway Sta Cruz, Lubao, Pampanga 370 259
69 3115 Pampanga Poblacion, Sta. Rosa, Nueva Ecija 2681 2607
70 3111 Baliuag Catalanacan, Sto.Domingo, Munoz, Nueva Ecija 313 303
71 3999 Pantabangan Pantabangan Dam 853 938
72 3114 Coronel Sapang Buho, Bongabon, Nueva Ecija 718 712
73 311 O'donnel Palublub, Capas, Tarlac 240 259
74 312 Bangot Sta.Lucia, Capas, Tarlac 91 92
75 310 Bulsa Villa Aglipay, Tarlac, Tarlac 405 447
76 3998 AngatDam AngatDam 546
:data available : include missing data : missing data : only water level data (No Discharge data)
Annex-T 2.5.1 Geology in the Study Area
Era, Period Stage-Epoch Symbol Description - lithology Topography
Cenozoic, Holocene (Recent) R Alluvium ( flood plain, lacustrine, levee, Plain. Level to
Quaternary sandbar, lagoon, hinterland deposits) nearly level
Pleistocene to Pliocene N3+Q1 Sandstone (ss), conglomerate (cg). Undulated
(Guadalupe Formation)
Tertiary Upper-Miocene N2 Ss, cg, mudstone (md) overlain by Hilly. Gently
pyroclastics (mainly tuff) & tuffaceous sloping
sedimentary rocks. (Tartaro Formation)
Middle-Miocene to N1 Thick, extensive shale (flysch) with Mountainous.
Late-Oligocene minor cg, ss. Upper part is limestone. Moderately
Folded and intruded by quartz diorite. sloping
Upper-Paleocene PG2 ss, cg and shales with minor limestone Mountainous.
and andesite flows. Strongly
sloping
Lower-Paleocene PG1 Thick, extensive ss, cg & shales with Mountainous.
minor basal conglomerate. Generally
moderately folded and intruded by quartz
diorite.
Mesozoic, Paleocene to KPG Ss, cg & metamorphosed shales with Mountainous.
Cretaceous Cretaceous basalt to andesite, pyroclastics.
Cretaceous K Ss, cg & shales with spilites. Mountainous.
Unknown Basement Complex BC Amphiolite, mica schist, phyllites. Folded Mountainous.
by upthrusts.
Igneous rocks
Cenozoic, Quaternary QVP Volcanic piedmont deposits. Chiefly Hilly
Quaternary pyroclastics pyroclastics and/or volcanic debris at foot
of volcanos.
Quaternary volcanics QV Non-active cones. Generally pyroxene Mountainous.
andesite. Strongly
sloping
Tertiary Miocene IN Quartz diorite dyke
Before Miocene IPG1 Quartz diorite, dacite & andesite flows &
dikes.
Paleogene- Undifferentiated UV Metamorphosed submarine flows: largely
Creataceous volcanics spilites and basalts
P, K: Ophiolite. N: marine sedimentary rocks and diorite intrusive rocks. Q: volcanic rocks-Mt. Pinatubo
Source: MGB, Geological Map of Philippines 1/1,000,000
ANT-2-4
Annex-T 2.7.1 Monitoring Record of Water Quality for Pampanga River
Monitoring Period Station No.* BOD, mg/liter DO, mg/liter TDS, mg/liter TSS, mg/liter
S1 3.0 6.3 196.0 73.0
1st Quarter S2 4.0 6.4 291.0 75.0
S3 4.0 6.6 289.0 83.0
S1 - 5.5 195.0 68.0
2nd Quarter S2 - 5.3 198.0 63.0
S3 - 0.5 210.0 42.0
2003
S1 2.0 5.7 144.0 254.0
3rd Quarter S2 3.0 5.8 153.0 249.0
S3 34.0 3.9 181.0 93.0
S1 2.0 5.8 207.0 232.0
4th Quarter S2 2.0 5.8 193.0 193.0
S3 2.0 5.7 184.0 338.0
S1 2.0 6.7 227.0 65.0
1st Quarter S2 2.0 5.3 232.0 61.0
S3 3.0 5.2 236.0 74.0
S1 2.0 4.7 142.0 285.0
2nd Quarter S2 4.0 5.4 144.0 176.0
S3 2.0 4.5 135.0 145.0
2004
S1 2.0 6.9 210.0 68.0
3rd Quarter S2 3.0 7.0 231.0 69.0
S3 6.0 6.5 204.0 48.0
S1 - - - -
4th Quarter S2 - - - -
S3 - - - -
S1 3.0 7.2 197.0 62.0
1st Quarter S2 6.0 7.7 203.0 52.0
S3 6.0 5.9 242.0 121.0
S1 - 3.5 370.0 73.0
2nd Quarter S2 - 3.9 644.0 66.0
S3 - 1.7 864.0 52.0
2005
S1 24.0 4.1 840.0 133.0
3rd Quarter S2 2.0 6.2 500.0 63.0
S3 3.0 6.3 650.0 85.0
S1 2.0 6.7 198.0 123.0
4th Quarter S2 1.0 6.6 190.0 83.0
S3 4.0 6.0 210.0 180.0
S1 - - - -
1st Quarter S2 - - - -
S3 - - - -
S1 - - - -
2nd Quarter S2 - - - -
S3 - - - -
2006
S1 2.0 6.1 - 114.0
3rd Quarter S2 1.0 6.4 - 86.0
S3 2.0 6.3 - 76.0
S1 1.3 6.7 - 455.0
4th Quarter S2 1.0 7.1 - 332.0
S3 1.0 7.0 - 635.0
1st Quarter Ave. 3.7 6.4 234.8 74.0
Max. 6.0 7.7 291.0 121.0
2nd Quarter Ave. 2.7 3.9 322.4 107.8
Max. 4.0 5.5 864.0 285.0
3rd Quarter Ave. 7.0 5.9 345.9 111.5
Over-Year
Max. 34.0 7.0 840.0 254.0
4th Quarter Ave. 1.8 6.4 197.0 285.7
Max. 4.0 7.1 210.0 635.0
Throughout- Ave. 4.3 5.7 282.1 142.2
Year Max. 34.0 7.7 864.0 635.0
Note * : S1-Badeo, S2- Sullipan Bridge, S3 - Feaco Outfall
Source: DENR-EMB Region III, 2009
ANT-2-5
Annex-T 2.7.2 Monitoring Record of Water Quality for San Fernando River
Monitoring Period Station No.* BOD, mg/liter DO, mg/liter TDS, mg/liter TSS, mg/liter
Stn1 36.0 7.2 466.0 36.0
Stn2 22.0 7.7 539.0 214.0
1st Quarter
Stn3 34.0 7.0 510.0 30.0
Stn4 5.0 7.0 201.0 71.0
Stn1 - 6.4 - 63.0
Stn2 - 7.0 - 54.0
2nd Quarter
Stn3 - 6.4 - 46.0
Stn4 - 6.3 - 62.0
2007
Stn1 13.0 5.8 - 29.0
Stn2 9.0 6.3 - 24.0
3rd Quarter
Stn3 7.0 7.0 - 21.0
Stn4 6.0 6.8 - 119.0
Stn1 20.0 - - 27.0
Stn2 8.0 - - 53.0
4th Quarter
Stn3 7.0 - - 67.0
Stn4 6.0 - - 54.0
Stn1 14.0 - - 21.0
Stn2 16.0 - - 32.0
1st Quarter
Stn3 19.0 - - 21.0
Stn4 3.0 - - 25.0
Stn1 27.0 4.1 - 26.0
Stn2 24.0 3.8 - 21.0
2nd Quarter
Stn3 12.0 1.6 - 15.0
Stn4 12.0 3.1 - 19.0
2008
Stn1 25.0 3.2 - -
Stn2 8.0 3.3 - -
3rd Quarter
Stn3 15.0 1.8 - -
Stn4 2.0 3.0 - -
Stn1 6.0 3.1 - -
Stn2 5.0 4.4 - -
4th Quarter
Stn3 2.0 3.1 - -
Stn4 1.0 4.6 - -
Ave. 18.6 7.2 429.0 56.3
1st Quarter
Max. 36.0 7.7 539.0 214.0
Ave. 24.8 5.4 539.0 62.6
2nd Quarter
Max. 36.0 7.7 539.0 214.0
Ave. 10.6 4.7 - 48.3
Over-Year 3rd Quarter
Max. 25.0 7.0 - 119.0
Ave. 6.9 3.8 - 50.3
4th Quarter
Max. 20.0 4.6 0.0 67.0
Throughout- Ave. 13.0 5.0 429.0 47.9
Year Max. 36.0 7.7 539.0 214.0
Note*: S1-Del Pilar Bridge, MacArthur Highway, S2-NLEX/San Felipe Foot Bridge, S3-San Jose Matulid,
S4-Pederosa Bridge, McArthur Highway
Source: DENR-EMB Region III, 2009
ANT-2-6
Annex-T 2.7.3 Groundwater Quality Test Results for Wells Operated by Water Districts
(Bulacan Province)
Phisical Parameter Cheminal Parameter Metal Parameter
Name of Water Year of
Location Turbidity True Color Ph Hardness TDS Chloide Iron Manganese
District Sampling
(NTU) (Color Units) (mg/L CaCo3) (mg/L) (mg/L) (total) (total)
Tarcan PS 2008 0.23 2.50 7.69 166.00 307.00 21.00 0.02 0.20
Navarro 2008 0.38 2.00 7.91 65.00 418.00 105.00 0.02 0.03
B.S. Aquino 2008 0.40 2.50 8.01 108.00 1427.00 727.00 0.03 0.10
Linmers P.S. 2008 0.37 2.00 7.96 98.00 373.00 58.00 0.02 0.10
Baliwang Tiaong 2008 0.37 2.00 7.11 95.00 401.00 100.00 0.01 0.20
Milfora P.S. 2008 0.69 4.00 7.96 88.00 365.00 68.00 0.04 0.20
Tibag P.S. 2008 0.41 2.50 8.08 73.00 1169.00 582.00 0.02 0.00
Sabang P.S. 2008 0.47 2.50 7.72 137.00 576.00 174.00 0.09 0.03
Sta. Barbara 2008 0.49 2.50 8.41 77.00 999.00 524.00 0.04 0.10
Balungo P.S. 2008 0.21 2.00 7.47 34.00 259.00 44.00 0.00 0.00
Famces Tata Leon P.S. 2008 0.35 2.50 7.01 29.00 230.00 22.00 0.00 0.00
Corazon P.S. 2008 0.25 2.50 7.66 39.00 267.00 44.00 0.00 0.00
Ganiogan P.S. 2008 0.24 2.50 7.46 64.00 470.00 119.00 0.10 0.00
Meytop P.S. 2008 0.24 2.00 7.37 44.00 321.00 53.00 0.00 0.00
Gugo P.S. 2008 0.39 4.00 7.86 69.00 570.00 133.00 0.20 0.00
Calumpit Frances Tata Padang P.S. 2008 0.27 2.00 7.76 49.00 431.00 105.00 0.00 0.00
Meyosulao Luma 2008 2.81 4.00 7.17 59.00 466.00 91.00 0.00 0.00
Danga P.S. 2008 0.34 2.50 7.81 29.00 182.00 136.00 0.00 0.00
Calizon P.S. 2008 0.31 2.00 7.69 54.00 499.00 151.00 0.10 0.00
Garden Ville 2008 0.82 2.50 7.66 108.00 668.00 186.00 0.20 0.00
Green Plains 2008 0.35 2.00 7.68 78.00 577.00 170.00 0.00 0.00
Longos P.S. 2008 0.45 2.00 7.86 68.00 564.00 135.00 0.00 0.00
Mojon PS 2003 5.00 7.00 7.09 150.00 689.00 86.00 N/A N/A
Longos PS 2003 1.00 2.00 7.70 100.00 576.00 261.00 N/A N/A
Masile PS 2003 0.00 4.00 7.49 60.00 332.00 71.00 N/A N/A
Mabolo PS 2003 0.00 0.00 7.13 330.00 851.00 442.00 N/A N/A
Lugam PS 2003 2.00 26.00 6.90 60.00 437.00 97.00 N/A N/A
Malolos Caniogan 2003 0.00 1.00 7.30 110.00 536.00 252.00 N/A N/A
Calero 2006 0.00 0.00 7.73 90.00 421.00 109.00 N/A N/A
Catmon II PS 2006 1.00 3.00 7.06 175.00 895.00 388.00 0.11 0.20
Sto. Rosano PS 2006 0.00 2.00 6.92 196.00 907.00 326.00 0.00 0.20
Sam Ishidro PS 2006 1.00 1.00 7.14 41.00 425.00 102.00 0.00 0.20
Wawa PS 2006 2.00 20.00 6.75 52.00 392.00 84.00 0.00 0.10
Romar Ville 2007 1.71 5.00 6.35 612.00 1043.00 395.00 0.20 0.40
Sta. Clara PS 2007 0.39 5.00 8.40 118.00 678.00 340.00 0.00 0.00
St. Agatha PS 2007 0.41 3.00 7.53 296.00 1549.00 680.00 0.40 0.15
Kabilang Bacood PS 2007 1.11 3.00 7.56 148.00 1037.00 380.00 0.10 0.00
Tabang Relay 2007 0.24 3.00 7.43 168.00 1357.00 580.00 0.20 0.15
Ping Lacson PS 2007 0.41 2.50 8.77 30.00 517.00 170.00 0.20 0.00
Hiyas
Crown Asia PS 2007 0.33 2.50 8.76 59.00 520.00 160.00 0.00 0.00
St. Rita De Tabe 2007 0.22 2.50 8.55 49.00 549.00 185.00 0.00 0.00
Real Homes PS 2007 1.41 5.00 8.68 39.00 444.00 130.00 0.10 0.00
Sta. Village, Sta Ria 2007 0.36 5.00 8.73 79.00 649.00 225.00 0.00 0.00
Panginau Gauging Station 2007 0.59 10.00 8.55 59.00 462.00 135.00 0.00 0.00
Bel-Air Malis Guiguinto 2007 0.49 3.00 7.48 168.00 1024.00 405.00 0.20 0.00
Sto. Cristo Poumping Station 2008 0.60 2.50 8.40 87.00 N/A 21.00 0.05 0.02
Pulian Sto Cristo Filtration Plant 2008 1.60 0.00 8.30 97.00 498.00 34.00 0.05 0.02
Sto Cristo Filtration Plant 2008 0.30 2.50 8.50 122.00 N/A 19.00 0.05 0.02
Basc Pinaod 2007 0.61 5.00 6.97 54.00 524.00 145.00 0.10 0.02
Borja's 2008 0.85 3.00 7.91 20.00 569.00 177.00 0.30 0.02
Malipampang 2008 26.60 2.50 7.25 25.00 569.00 175.00 0.30 0.02
San Ildefonso
Matimbubong P.S. 2008 1.01 2.50 8.00 25.00 571.00 180.00 0.20 0.02
Makapilapil P.S. 2008 0.42 3.00 8.03 30.00 664.00 250.00 0.10 0.02
Ortin Villa 2008 0.70 2.50 7.26 196.00 580.00 82.00 1.00 0.40
PS #3 Bintog 2007 0.25 3.00 6.58 197.00 283.00 17.00 0.10 0.02
Plaridel PS #2 Tabang 2007 0.35 3.00 7.02 99.00 613.00 152.00 0.10 0.02
PS #4 Sipat 2007 0.65 3.00 6.58 79.00 511.00 140.00 0.10 0.02
Sampaloc P.S. 2008 0.30 N/A 8.40 61.00 N/A 61.50 0.07 N/A
Tambubong P.S. 2008 2.00 N/A 6.40 346.00 N/A 13.10 2.07 N/A
Caingin P.S 2008 0.45 N/A 6.40 247.00 N/A 20.50 0.05 N/A
San Rafael
Tambubong, San Rafael 2008 10.00 N/A 6.70 123.00 N/A 7.50 0.16 N/A
Caingin, San Rafael 2008 0.05 N/A 6.70 167.00 N/A 14.30 0.03 N/A
Sampaloc, San Rafael 2008 0.05 N/A 8.10 32.00 N/A 60.00 0.03 N/A
Poblacion Well (PS#1) 2008 0.28 2.50 8.50 49.00 879.00 375.00 0.10 0.02
Payawal Well (PS#2) 2008 0.43 3.00 7.94 99.00 370.00 30.00 0.50 0.02
Buencamino Well (PS#3) 2008 0.27 3.00 8.56 89.00 589.00 185.00 0.10 0.02
Sta. Rita Well (PS#4) 2008 0.24 4.00 7.28 276.00 430.00 35.00 0.10 0.02
San Miguel
Rosemoor Well (PS#5) 2008 0.29 5.00 8.60 59.00 536.00 165.00 0.10 0.02
Balite Well (PS#6) 2008 0.22 2.50 7.92 69.00 445.00 120.00 0.15 0.02
Batasan Well (PS#7) 2008 0.26 2.50 8.31 20.00 424.00 55.00 0.10 0.02
Tartaro 2008 N/A N/A 7.48 207.00 466.00 61.00 N/A 0.00
Note: : The value in the Column of this mark exceeds the PNSDW (Philippine National Standards for Drinking) Limit
Source: Water Districts in Bulacan Province
ANT-2-7
(Pampanga Province)
Name of Water
District
P.S. 1 2008 0.21 0.00 6.50 109.45 190.80 44.99 0.06 0.00
P.S. 2 2008 0.36 0.00 6.90 129.35 118.50 9.99 0.05 0.00
P.S. 3 2008 0.22 0.00 6.50 208.95 90.50 9.99 0.00 0.00
P.S. 1 2008 0.21 0.00 6.50 109.45 190.80 44.99 0.06 0.00
P.S. 2 2008 0.36 0.00 6.90 129.35 118.50 9.99 0.05 0.00
P.S. 3 2008 0.22 0.00 6.50 208.95 90.50 9.99 0.00 0.00
P.S. 7 2008 0.25 0.00 6.50 199.00 159.20 19.99 0.07 0.02
Anunas P.S. 2008 0.35 0.00 6.50 129.35 93.50 9.99 0.18 0.05
Bagong Bayan P.S. 2008 0.40 0.00 6.60 169.15 106.90 14.99 0.08 0.02
Belen Homesite P.S. 2008 0.14 0.00 6.50 119.40 104.50 4.99 0.03 0.04
Cuayan P.S. 2008 0.25 0.00 6.80 119.40 81.40 9.99 0.00 0.00
City Hall P.S. 2008 1.07 0.00 7.20 149.25 153.00 9.99 0.32 0.20
Angeles
Epza P.S. 2008 1.15 0.00 7.50 179.10 153.40 4.99 0.16 0.20
Magalang Ave P.S. 2008 0.20 0.00 6.60 109.45 107.10 19.99 0.00 0.00
Mabini P.S. 2008 0.28 0.00 6.60 159.20 172.00 19.99 0.00 0.01
Mc Arthur Hiway P.S. 2008 0.15 0.00 6.50 119.40 110.30 9.99 0.08 0.01
Metrogate P.S. 2008 2.77 1.80 7.00 129.35 111.70 14.99 0.15 0.03
Old Pampang 2008 0.41 0.00 6.50 119.40 91.20 14.99 0.00 0.04
Robinsons Homes P.S. 2008 0.27 0.00 6.50 89.55 93.80 9.99 0.00 0.00
Rosewood P.S. 2008 0.64 1.20 6.60 139.30 77.90 4.99 0.05 0.00
Sapang Bato P.S. 2008 0.19 0.00 6.60 89.55 99.00 9.99 0.00 0.03
Sapalibutad P.S. 2008 1.88 1.70 7.30 0.00 148.30 9.99 0.04 0.07
Sta. Teresita P.S. 2008 0.21 0.00 6.60 0.00 96.00 4.99 0.00 0.00
Town & Country P.S. 2008 0.47 1.80 7.00 0.00 104.70 4.99 0.00 0.04
Poblacion 2008 0.27 2.50 6.85 N/A 104.00 3.00 0.00 0.00
Fortuna 2008 0.28 2.50 7.11 N/A 132.00 5.00 0.00 0.00
San Jose 2008 0.50 2.50 7.08 N/A 109.00 3.00 0.00 0.00
P-1 2008 0.32 2.50 6.71 N/A 252.00 13.00 0.00 0.06
Phase III 2008 3.56 4.00 6.96 N/A 414.00 26.00 0.19 0.00
Florida Blanca Bodega 2008 0.53 3.00 6.75 N/A 196.00 10.00 0.00 0.00
Valdez 2008 0.65 2.50 6.72 N/A 144.00 5.00 0.00 0.00
Paguiruan 2008 0.37 2.50 6.63 N/A 156.00 5.00 0.00 0.03
San Pedro 2008 0.31 2.50 6.96 N/A 120.00 5.00 0.02 0.00
Palmayo 2008 0.33 2.50 6.93 N/A 404.00 16.00 0.00 0.00
Dampa 2008 0.10 N/A 6.82 N/A 198.00 13.00 0.33 0.23
P.S. No.7 - San Pablo 2007 0.33 0.50 7.60 100.00 142.30 9.99 0.11 0.07
P.S. No.8 - Samsaman, Betis 2007 0.20 0.50 7.20 80.00 193.10 19.99 0.05 0.07
P.S. No.10 - LM Subd. Sta. Filom 2007 0.48 2.10 6.80 80.00 171.70 19.99 0.02 0.36
P.S. No.11 - LM Subd. Sta. Anton 2007 0.34 0.60 6.50 90.00 130.20 14.99 0.16 0.20
Guagua
P.S. No.12 - Bancal 2007 0.35 1.70 7.20 70.00 146.90 14.99 0.04 0.05
P.S. No.1 - San Nicolas 2007 0.27 0.50 6.80 140.00 156.50 14.99 0.04 0.59
P.S. No.5 - Sto. Cristo 2007 0.50 0.50 7.60 110.00 161.70 19.99 0.02 0.11
Pupm No.6 - San Miguel, Betis 2007 0.15 0.50 6.90 190.00 191.80 34.99 0.03 0.12
San Nicolaes P.S. 2008 0.28 2.50 7.49 108.00 230.00 10.00 0.00 0.00
Sta. Crus P.S. 2008 0.34 2.50 7.52 59.00 499.00 92.00 0.00 0.00
Lubao
Sto. Tomas P.S. 2008 0.30 2.50 7.61 68.00 219.00 7.00 0.00 0.00
Sto. Nino 2008 0.28 2.50 6.95 235.00 460.00 111.00 0.00 0.00
P.S. No.1 - Palengke N/A 0.80 N/A 6.84 66.00 212.00 0.98 0.22 0.25
P.S. No.3 - Dona Maria Subd. N/A 0.80 N/A 6.58 85.00 223.00 3.90 0.26 0.05
P.S. No.4 - Cacutud 2008 N/A N/A 7.10 132.00 312.00 8.10 0.26 0.50
P.S. No.5 - Filipininana Subd. N/A 2.00 N/A 6.61 61.00 196.00 2.90 0.96 0.08
P.S. No.6 - Dona Anastacia Subd. N/A 0.80 N/A 6.60 68.00 208.00 3.90 0.32 0.22
P.S. No.7 - Canidha, Camachiles N/A 2.00 N/A 6.51 83.00 222.00 3.90 0.21 0.05
P.S. No.8 - Barangay Subd. Dau N/A 0.80 N/A 6.60 61.00 190.00 2.90 0.74 0.03
P.S. No.9 - Dela Cruz Lim Subd. N/A 2.00 N/A 6.70 50.00 163.00 0.98 0.50 0.11
P.S. No.10 - Duquit N/A 1.60 N/A 6.69 86.00 206.00 2.00 0.65 0.26
P.S. No.11 - Sta. Ines N/A 0.80 N/A 6.89 60.00 182.00 0.98 0.42 0.21
Mabalacat P.S. No.12 - San Rafael Village N/A 2.00 N/A 6.59 73.00 206.00 4.90 0.63 0.09
P.S. No.13 - Lemens Village N/A 0.80 N/A 6.62 80.00 196.00 3.90 0.26 0.05
P.S. No.14 - Camachiles Road N/A 2.00 N/A 6.59 80.00 214.00 4.90 0.69 0.09
Phase # 2 CRC N/A 2.00 N/A 6.61 71.00 216.00 3.90 0.61 0.11
P.S. No.1 - Metroclark N/A 0.80 N/A 7.06 81.00 266.00 3.90 0.42 0.45
P.S. No.3 - Madapdap N/A 2.00 N/A 7.04 58.00 204.00 2.90 0.61 0.44
P.S. No.18 - San Felipe 2008 0.31 0.50 7.20 90.00 153.30 24.99 0.04 0.03
P.S. No.3 - Del Pilar 2008 0.41 0.50 7.10 100.00 173.50 29.99 0.02 0.07
P.S. No.12 - Moras 2008 0.36 0.50 6.80 100.00 163.10 24.99 0.05 0.84
P.S. No.5 - San Pedro 2008 0.35 0.50 6.80 90.00 194.70 14.99 0.02 0.04
P.S. No.11 - Sta. Lucia 2008 0.25 2.00 6.70 110.00 183.20 24.99 0.04 0.04
P.S. No.2 - Poblacion 2008 0.33 0.50 7.10 80.00 182.70 24.99 0.17 0.06
P.S. No.4 - Dolores 2008 0.17 0.50 7.20 70.00 161.90 24.99 0.05 0.02
P.S. No.6 - Villa Barosa 2008 0.48 1.10 7.00 70.00 184.90 19.99 0.11 0.01
P.S. No.9 - Villa Del Sol 2008 0.45 0.50 6.60 90.00 157.90 19.99 0.08 0.09
San Fernando P.S. No.2 - St. Jude 2008 0.47 0.50 6.70 130.00 159.80 39.99 0.01 0.74
P.S. No.20 - San Jose 2008 0.31 0.50 7.00 69.65 159.30 29.99 0.01 0.04
P.S. No.20 - Greenville 2008 0.31 0.50 6.90 89.55 140.00 19.99 0.06 0.02
P.S. No.10 - St. Francis 2008 0.36 0.50 7.10 69.65 172.90 19.99 0.02 0.02
P.S. No.15 - Quebiawan 2008 0.27 0.70 6.50 59.70 150.60 39.99 0.07 0.08
P.S. No.13 - Maimpis 2008 0.35 1.20 8.60 79.60 114.00 14.99 0.20 0.19
P.S. No.16 - Villa Isabel 2008 1.19 0.50 6.60 89.55 96.50 9.99 0.10 0.19
P.S. No.3 - Near River 2008 0.46 0.90 6.50 89.50 101.10 14.99 0.03 0.39
P.S. No.19 - San Vicente 2008 0.76 0.60 6.50 119.40 119.90 9.99 0.28 0.22
P.S. No.21 - San Fernando Subd. 2008 0.28 1.20 6.80 69.65 210.00 24.99 0.04 0.04
Source: Water Districts in Pampanga Province
ANT-2-8
(Nueva Ecija Province)
Name of Water
District
P.S. No. 2 High School 2008 3.00 0.00 6.92 145.00 176.00 24.00 0.20
P.S. No. 4 Sinipit 2008 2.00 3.00 6.50 140.00 182.00 24.00 0.00 0.00
P.S. No. 5 Vega 2008 1.00 0.00 6.50 170.00 222.00 27.00 0.00 0.00
Bngabon Bongabon N.E. 2005 1.50 2.50 7.91 90.00 254.00 50.00 0.40 0.02
P.S. No. 5 Vega 2004 1.20 1.00 7.55 185.00 276.00 28.00 0.00 0.00
Well 1 2004 0.00 0.00 7.87 110.00 204.00 15.00 0.00 0.00
Well 2/Control Bldg. 2004 0.00 0.00 8.18 340.00 373.00 108.00 0.00 0.00
St. Tomas 2008 0.10 0.00 7.91 35.00 221.00 12.00 0.00 0.00
Penaranda
Poblacion 2008 0.20 0.00 7.95 35.00 213.00 14.00 0.00 0.00
P.S. Sta. Veronica 2008 0.10 N/A 7.80 170.00 N/A 47.70 N/A N/A
Guimba
P.S. Bantug 2008 0.60 N/A 8.00 123.00 N/A 49.20 N/A N/A
P.S. Villa Pi0i 2007 0.15 0.50 7.80 110.00 209.00 24.99 0.06 0.05
P.S. Villa Pinli 2008 0.11 2.10 7.10 179.10 188.80 24.99 0.00 0.06
Munoz
P.S. Bayunga 2008 0.21 3.60 6.90 199.00 192.40 29.99 0.00 0.06
P.S. Maligaya 2008 0.46 2.30 6.90 179.10 161.80 9.99 0.07 0.05
P.S. Gomez 2008 0.40 2.50 7.95 147.00 322.00 14.00 0.11 0.16
Santa Rosa P.S. Rizal 2008 0.70 2.50 7.42 206.00 366.00 17.00 0.08 0.32
P.S. Rajal 2008 0.80 2.50 7.30 245.00 357.00 14.00 0.06 0.55
Main P.S. 2008 0.60 N/A 7.70 321.00 174.00 5.05 N/A N/A
P.S. Dinarayat 2008 0.35 N/A 7.60 167.00 365.00 4.80 N/A N/A
Talavera
P.S. San Pascual 2008 0.50 N/A 7.40 176.00 334.00 6.55 N/A N/A
P.S. Bacal 1 2008 0.50 N/A 7.40 186.00 286.00 5.95 N/A N/A
Source: Water Districts in Nueva Ecija Province
ANT-2-9
Annex-T 2.10.1 Recorded Flood Damage in Provinces of Nueva Ecija, Pampanga and Bulacan
Number of Houses
Month of Population Affected Population Evacuated Casualty Cost of Damage (P million)
Damaged
Flood Typhoon Province
Infra- Agri-
Occurrence Families Population Families Population Dead Injured Totally Partially Total
structure culture
Nueva Ecija 33,013 163,038 1,179 3,861 3 18.8 16.8 35.6
Jul. 2003 Haurot Pampanga 81 271 14 76 2 12.3 0.8 13.1
Sub-total 33,094 163,309 1,193 3,937 5 31.1 17.6 48.7
Nueva Ecija 24,896 128,405 118 1,200 10.1 37.3 47.4
Pampanga 112,186 529,299 1,383 5,490 8 1 2 63.3 170.6 233.9
Aug. 2004 Marce
Bulacan 20,278 99,366 5,079 24,916 6 22.1 22.1
Sub-total 157,360 757,070 6,462 30,406 14 1 120 1,200 96 208 303
Nov. 2004 Violeta Nueva Ecija 2,090 9,562 2 0.0
Nueva Ecija 57,367 277,668 4,443 20,786 9 2 523 1,236 25.5 220.0 245.5
Nov. 2004 Winnie Bulacan 51,909 259,390 1,303 7,475 7 79 173 11.4 250.1 261.5
Sub-total 109,276 537,058 5,746 28,261 16 2 602 1,409 37 470 507
Nueva Ecija 124 620 124 620 6 2 10 9.5
Pampanga 4,200 18,400 452 2,343 88.9 88.9
Nov. 2004 Toyong
ANT-2-10
Bulacan 61,974 305,478 2,793 13,965 2 84 162 11.1 250.1 261.2

Sub-total 66,298 324,498 3,369 16,928 8 2 94 162 11 339 360
Nueva Ecija 2,743 12,958
Sep. 2005 Labuyo Pampanga 6,077 30,673
Sub-total 8,820 43,631
Jul. 2006 Glenda Pampanga 6,659 30,831 24.3 24.3
Pampanga 7,698 34,045 15 75 224 1,234 71.3 71.3
Oct. 2006 Mienyo Bulacan 480 2,301 1 50 376 7.7 7.7
Sub-total 7,698 34,045 495 2,376 1 0 274 1,610 0 79.0 79
Annex-T 3.1.1 Population and Population Growth within the Study Area
Population within the Basin Boundary Annual Ave. Population Growth Ratio
Province City/Minicipality
1980 1990 1995 2000 2007 1980-1990 1990-2000 2000-2007 1980-2007
Angat 22,311 30,977 35,057 41,340 47,701 3.34% 2.93% 2.07% 2.85%
Baliuag 70,555 89,719 103,054 119,675 136,982 2.43% 2.92% 1.95% 2.49%
Bulacan 5,632 7,866 8,747 10,145 11,659 3.40% 2.58% 2.01% 2.73%
Bustos 11,283 15,328 18,136 20,643 26,601 3.11% 3.02% 3.69% 3.23%
Calumpit 45,454 59,042 70,839 81,113 98,017 2.65% 3.23% 2.74% 2.89%
Dona Remedios Trinidad 4,625 8,372 10,880 13,253 18,551 6.11% 4.70% 4.92% 5.28%
Guiguinto 1,838 2,950 3,483 4,476 5,911 4.84% 4.26% 4.05% 4.42%
Hagonoy 73,158 90,190 99,398 111,397 126,298 2.12% 2.13% 1.81% 2.04%
Malolos City 95,699 125,178 147,414 175,291 223,069 2.72% 3.42% 3.50% 3.18%
Bulacan Norzagaray 21,836 28,088 42,792 64,571 88,470 2.55% 8.68% 4.60% 5.32%
Pandi 624 899 1,115 1,324 1,669 3.71% 3.95% 3.37% 3.71%
Paombong 26,267 32,052 33,149 41,077 53,510 2.01% 2.51% 3.85% 2.67%
Plaridel 22,120 29,942 37,519 45,506 56,440 3.07% 4.27% 3.12% 3.53%
Pulilan 38,110 48,199 59,682 68,188 85,008 2.38% 3.53% 3.20% 3.02%
San Ildefonso 44,931 59,598 69,319 79,956 93,438 2.87% 2.98% 2.25% 2.75%
San Miguel 73,113 91,124 108,147 123,824 138,839 2.23% 3.11% 1.65% 2.40%
San Rafael 36,803 49,528 58,387 69,770 85,284 3.01% 3.49% 2.91% 3.16%
Santa Maria 559 871 962 1,373 1,954 4.53% 4.66% 5.16% 4.74%
Total 594,920 769,921 908,081 1,072,923 1,299,400 2.61% 3.37% 2.77% 2.94%
Aliaga 32,349 40,425 45,815 50,004 61,270 2.25% 2.15% 2.95% 2.39%
Bongabon 31,762 38,775 43,904 48,209 72,076 2.02% 2.20% 5.91% 3.08%
Cabanatuan City 138,298 173,065 201,033 222,859 259,267 2.27% 2.56% 2.19% 2.35%
Cabiao 37,922 48,850 55,902 62,624 68,382 2.56% 2.52% 1.26% 2.21%
Carranglan 18,642 24,427 28,069 29,728 31,146 2.74% 1.98% 0.67% 1.92%
Gabaldon 17,148 21,718 25,719 28,290 29,583 2.39% 2.68% 0.64% 2.04%
Gapan City 60,014 70,489 77,735 89,199 98,795 1.62% 2.38% 1.47% 1.86%
Gen. Mamerto Natividad 17,388 21,984 26,140 29,195 33,354 2.37% 2.88% 1.92% 2.44%
Gen. Tinio 23,373 29,450 32,867 35,302 38,586 2.34% 1.83% 1.28% 1.87%
Guimba 36,853 45,944 48,807 54,669 60,193 2.23% 1.75% 1.38% 1.83%
Jaen 39,064 47,346 53,541 58,274 63,474 1.94% 2.10% 1.23% 1.81%
Laur 17,729 21,464 25,143 26,902 30,997 1.93% 2.28% 2.04% 2.09%
Licab 14,543 17,202 21,555 21,593 23,675 1.69% 2.30% 1.32% 1.82%
Llanera 18,652 23,285 28,127 30,361 33,493 2.24% 2.69% 1.41% 2.19%
Lupao 20,954 24,982 27,268 31,081 33,483 1.77% 2.21% 1.07% 1.75%
Nueva Ecija Munoz 43,211 50,356 60,162 65,586 71,669 1.54% 2.68% 1.28% 1.89%
Palayan City 14,959 20,393 26,851 31,253 33,506 3.15% 4.36% 1.00% 3.03%
Pantabangan 13,916 18,341 22,183 23,868 25,520 2.80% 2.67% 0.96% 2.27%
Penaranda 16,753 20,500 22,661 24,749 26,725 2.04% 1.90% 1.10% 1.74%
Quezon 20,846 25,574 29,172 31,720 33,988 2.07% 2.18% 0.99% 1.83%
Rizal 31,407 38,970 45,834 48,166 52,465 2.18% 2.14% 1.23% 1.92%
San Antonio 42,969 51,815 56,130 63,672 67,446 1.89% 2.08% 0.83% 1.68%
San Isidro 28,550 34,349 36,283 40,984 44,687 1.87% 1.78% 1.24% 1.67%
San Jose City 64,254 82,836 96,860 108,254 122,353 2.57% 2.71% 1.76% 2.41%
San Leonardo 34,706 39,740 46,545 50,478 54,596 1.36% 2.42% 1.13% 1.69%
Santa Rosa 32,424 40,439 47,522 51,804 58,762 2.23% 2.51% 1.82% 2.23%
Santo Domingo 29,013 35,864 40,992 45,934 47,960 2.14% 2.51% 0.62% 1.88%
Talavera 62,225 77,256 85,797 97,329 105,122 2.19% 2.34% 1.11% 1.96%
Talugtug 6,200 7,453 9,573 9,983 10,922 1.86% 2.97% 1.29% 2.12%
Zaragosa 24,418 28,743 33,826 37,645 40,355 1.64% 2.73% 1.00% 1.88%
Total 990,542 1,222,034 1,402,016 1,549,715 1,733,849 2.12% 2.40% 1.62% 2.10%
Angeles 188,834 236,686 234,011 263,971 314,493 2.28% 1.10% 2.53% 1.91%
Apalit 48,253 62,373 65,720 78,295 97,296 2.60% 2.30% 3.15% 2.63%
Arayat 56,742 73,189 85,940 101,792 118,312 2.58% 3.35% 2.17% 2.76%
Bacolor 50,942 67,259 13,097 16,147 25,238 2.82% -13.30% 6.59% -2.57%
Candaba 52,945 68,145 77,546 86,066 96,589 2.56% 2.36% 1.66% 2.25%
Floridablanca 35,612 45,608 52,874 58,880 71,287 2.50% 2.59% 2.77% 2.60%
Guagua 72,609 88,290 95,363 96,858 104,284 1.97% 0.93% 1.06% 1.35%
Lubao 74,387 95,698 105,260 120,648 137,309 2.55% 2.34% 1.87% 2.30%
Mabalacat 77,903 116,533 125,073 164,575 195,616 4.11% 3.51% 2.50% 3.47%
Macabebe 45,830 55,505 59,469 65,346 70,332 1.93% 1.65% 1.06% 1.60%
Magalang 34,840 43,940 52,607 77,530 98,595 2.35% 5.84% 3.49% 3.93%
Pampanga Masantol 35,350 41,964 45,326 48,120 50,984 1.73% 1.38% 0.83% 1.37%
Mexico 53,491 69,546 91,696 109,481 141,298 2.66% 4.64% 3.71% 3.66%
Minalin 27,414 34,795 35,670 35,150 40,084 2.41% 0.10% 1.89% 1.42%
Porac 50,672 67,901 75,061 80,386 102,489 2.97% 1.70% 3.53% 2.64%
San Fernando 110,891 157,851 193,025 221,857 269,365 3.59% 3.46% 2.81% 3.34%
San Luis 25,701 31,920 36,005 41,554 47,517 2.19% 2.67% 1.93% 2.30%
San Simon 23,518 30,678 35,474 41,253 48,050 2.69% 3.01% 2.20% 2.68%
Santa Ana 25,361 32,540 37,975 42,990 49,756 2.52% 2.82% 2.11% 2.53%
Santa Rita 24,995 28,296 32,321 32,780 36,723 1.25% 1.48% 1.64% 1.44%
Santo Tomas 24,951 33,309 29,628 32,695 37,866 2.93% -0.19% 2.12% 1.56%
Sasmuan 17,881 21,125 23,121 23,333 26,601 1.68% 1.00% 1.89% 1.48%
Total 1,159,123 1,503,152 1,602,261 1,839,706 2,180,084 2.63% 2.04% 2.45% 2.37%
Bamban 15,244 20,838 21,701 27,106 36,043 3.18% 2.66% 4.15% 3.24%
Capas 14,755 19,412 25,701 30,200 38,720 2.78% 4.52% 3.61% 3.64%
Concepcion 80,647 103,146 101,243 115,171 135,213 2.49% 1.11% 2.32% 1.93%
Tarlac La Paz 35,330 41,946 45,207 52,907 61,324 1.73% 2.35% 2.13% 2.06%
Tarlac City 88,879 105,589 116,586 132,785 158,926 1.74% 2.32% 2.60% 2.18%
Victoria 25,984 31,500 35,356 37,873 42,450 1.94% 1.86% 1.64% 1.83%
Total 260,839 322,431 345,794 396,042 472,676 2.14% 2.08% 2.56% 2.23%
Hermosa 1,023 1,380 1,544 1,843 2,091 3.04% 2.94% 1.82% 2.68%
Bataan
Orani 6,291 8,270 9,259 9,983 11,320 2.77% 1.90% 1.81% 2.20%
Dingalan 1,643 2,733 3,649 3,806 4,152 5.22% 3.37% 1.25% 3.49%
Aurora Maria Aurora 576 610 662 721 758 0.57% 1.69% 0.72% 1.02%
San Luis 2,570 3,637 4,551 4,618 5,164 3.53% 2.42% 1.61% 2.62%
Quezon General Nakar 255 385 444 498 523 4.21% 2.60% 0.72% 2.70%
Alfonso Castaneda 705 945 1,121 1,212 1,677 2.98% 2.51% 4.75% 3.26%
Aritao 582 686 771 838 905 1.66% 2.03% 1.09% 1.65%
Nueva Vizcaya
Dupax del Sur 125 159 180 212 225 2.47% 2.90% 0.84% 2.20%
Santa Fe 136 214 254 278 288 4.62% 2.66% 0.51% 2.82%
Pangasinan Umingan 4,681 5,433 5,850 6,632 7,073 1.50% 2.02% 0.92% 1.54%
Rizal Rodriguez 5,709 9,149 10,867 15,709 30,498 4.83% 5.55% 9.94% 6.40%
Botolan 123 161 186 211 234 2.76% 2.73% 1.49% 2.42%
Zambales
San Marcelino 4,504 6,603 4,407 4,590 5,241 3.90% -3.57% 1.91% 0.56%
Total 28,922 40,365 43,744 51,150 70,148 3.39% 2.40% 4.62% 3.34%
Grand Total 3,034,346 3,857,903 4,301,897 4,909,536 5,756,156 2.43% 2.44% 2.30% 2.40%
(2) JICA Study Team (for Overlapping Ratio of Study Area with Cities/Municipalities)
ANT-3-1
Annex-T 3.1.2 Rank of Cities/Municipalities in Terms of Higher Population Density in the Study Area
Population Desity
Rank City/Minicipality Province Area (km2)
1980 1990 1995 2000 2007
1 Angeles Pampanga 63 3,007 3,769 3,726 4,203 5,008
2 San Fernando Pampanga 69 1,617 2,302 2,815 3,235 3,928
3 Guiguinto Bulacan 2 1,119 1,796 2,120 2,725 3,598
4 Baliuag Bulacan 44 1,617 2,057 2,362 2,743 3,140
5 Malolos City Bulacan 73 1,318 1,725 2,031 2,415 3,073
6 Plaridel Bulacan 20 1,104 1,494 1,872 2,271 2,816
7 Santo Tomas Pampanga 14 1,725 2,303 2,048 2,260 2,618
8 Santa Maria Bulacan 1 747 1,163 1,285 1,834 2,610
9 Guagua Pampanga 49 1,484 1,804 1,949 1,979 2,131
10 Calumpit Bulacan 47 977 1,269 1,523 1,744 2,107
11 Pulilan Bulacan 44 874 1,105 1,368 1,563 1,949
12 Apalit Pampanga 60 803 1,038 1,094 1,303 1,619
13 Santa Rita Pampanga 23 1,078 1,220 1,394 1,414 1,584
14 Bustos Bulacan 18 636 864 1,022 1,163 1,499
15 Mabalacat Pampanga 140 556 831 892 1,174 1,395
16 Hagonoy Bulacan 95 774 954 1,051 1,178 1,336
17 Cabanatuan City Nueva Ecija 198 698 873 1,014 1,125 1,308
18 Orani Bataan 9 699 919 1,029 1,110 1,258
19 Santa Ana Pampanga 40 627 805 939 1,063 1,230
20 Pandi Bulacan 1 450 648 804 954 1,203
21 Tarlac City Tarlac 132 673 799 883 1,005 1,203
22 Paombong Bulacan 46 573 699 723 896 1,167
23 Mexico Pampanga 122 438 570 752 897 1,158
24 Masantol Pampanga 46 770 913 987 1,047 1,110
25 San Leonardo Nueva Ecija 52 671 769 901 977 1,056
26 Bulacan Bulacan 11 503 703 782 907 1,042
27 Magalang Pampanga 105 333 420 503 742 943
28 Lubao Pampanga 149 500 643 707 811 923
29 Angat Bulacan 53 424 589 667 786 907
30 Minalin Pampanga 45 603 766 785 773 882
31 San Luis Pampanga 55 465 578 652 752 860
32 Floridablanca Pampanga 83 427 547 634 706 855
33 San Rafael Bulacan 105 351 472 556 665 813
34 San Simon Pampanga 60 392 512 592 688 802
35 Talavera Nueva Ecija 135 461 572 635 721 778
36 San Isidro Nueva Ecija 58 492 592 625 706 770
37 San Jose City Nueva Ecija 162 397 512 599 669 756
38 Rodriguez Rizal 42 135 217 257 372 723
39 Jaen Nueva Ecija 90 432 523 592 644 702
40 Macabebe Pampanga 102 448 542 581 638 687
41 Arayat Pampanga 177 321 414 486 576 670
42 Aliaga Nueva Ecija 92 351 439 497 542 665
43 Concepcion Tarlac 221 364 466 457 520 611
44 Cabiao Nueva Ecija 113 334 430 493 552 603
45 Gapan City Nueva Ecija 165 365 428 473 542 601
46 Sasmuan Pampanga 45 400 472 517 521 594
47 San Miguel Bulacan 236 310 386 458 525 588
48 Santo Domingo Nueva Ecija 83 351 434 496 555 580
49 San Ildefonso Bulacan 167 270 358 416 480 561
50 Zaragosa Nueva Ecija 72 339 399 470 523 561
51 La Paz Tarlac 117 303 360 388 454 526
52 Victoria Tarlac 83 312 378 424 454 509
53 Santa Rosa Nueva Ecija 117 278 347 408 445 504
54 Munoz Nueva Ecija 142 303 354 422 460 503
55 Quezon Nueva Ecija 68 305 374 427 464 497
56 Candaba Pampanga 208 254 327 372 413 464
57 Guimba Nueva Ecija 137 268 335 355 398 438
58 San Antonio Nueva Ecija 157 274 330 358 406 430
59 Norzagaray Bulacan 207 106 136 207 312 428
60 Rizal Nueva Ecija 124 254 315 370 389 424
61 Hermosa Bataan 5 204 275 307 367 416
62 Licab Nueva Ecija 60 241 285 357 357 392
63 Porac Pampanga 292 174 233 257 275 351
64 Gen. Mamerto Natividad Nueva Ecija 98 177 224 267 298 340
65 Penaranda Nueva Ecija 79 213 261 289 315 340
66 Bacolor Pampanga 74 686 906 176 217 340
67 Bongabon Nueva Ecija 225 141 173 196 215 321
68 Llanera Nueva Ecija 114 163 204 246 266 293
69 Capas Tarlac 134 110 145 192 225 289
70 Talugtug Nueva Ecija 39 160 192 247 257 281
71 Umingan Pangasinan 26 180 208 224 254 271
72 Lupao Nueva Ecija 130 162 193 210 240 258
73 Palayan City Nueva Ecija 136 110 150 197 230 246
74 Bamban Tarlac 147 104 142 148 185 246
75 Laur Nueva Ecija 221 80 97 114 122 140
76 Aritao Nueva Vizcaya 7 80 94 106 115 124
77 Gabaldon Nueva Ecija 252 68 86 102 112 117
78 Maria Aurora Aurora 9 65 68 74 81 85
79 Botolan Zambales 3 41 54 63 71 79
80 San Marcelino Zambales 71 64 93 62 65 74
81 Dingalan Aurora 62 26 44 59 61 67
82 Gen. Tinio Nueva Ecija 580 40 51 57 61 67
83 Pantabangan Nueva Ecija 421 33 44 53 57 61
84 Dupax del Sur Nueva Vizcaya 5 25 32 37 43 46
85 Carranglan Nueva Ecija 693 27 35 41 43 45
86 San Luis Aurora 123 21 29 37 37 42
87 Santa Fe Nueva Vizcaya 7 18 29 34 37 39
88 Dona Remedios Trinidad Bulacan 854 5 10 13 16 22
89 General Nakar Quezon 30 8 13 15 16 17
90 Alfonso Castaneda Nueva Vizcaya 144 5 7 8 8 12
(2) JICA Study Team (for Overlapping Ratio of Study Area with Cities/Municipalities)
ANT-3-2
Annex-T 3.3.1 Category for Land Cover
Category in the Cultivated Area Populated Area Wetland Others
present study Other
Forest Brushland Built-up Fishpond Water Body Others Others
Paddy Field Cultivated Settlement Swamp Mangrove
Category in data source Area (Natural) (Artificial)
Area
Cultivated Land, 150mx150m or more x
Orchard, Plantation and nursery, 150mx150m or more x
Rice paddy, 150mx150m or more x
Fish ponds or Hatcheries, 150mx150m or more x
Woods-bushwood (Dense forest, mixed coniferous and
x
deciduous trees) 150mx150 or more
Airport Area with hard surface x
Cemetery, 150mx150m or more x
Park, 150mx150m or more x
Park, less than 150mx150m x
Runway with hard surface x
Awashed Rocks, Large Group x
Fill, 150m or more in length and 3.0m or more in height
x
difference
NEW NAMRIA topographic map
Foreshore flat (Sand, Mud, Gravel, etc) x

Gravelly Sand x
Mining site, 150mx150m or more x
Open area, 150mx150m or more x
Runway with loose surface x
Salt evaporator, 150mx150m or more x
Sandbank x
Sandy Area x
Soil Cliff x
Densely Built-up area and moderately built-up area
x
100mx100m or more
Settlement x
Bush (Scrub), 150mx150m or more x
Clearing, 150mx150m or more x
Scattered Trees x
Topical grass, 150mx150m or more x
Lake x
River (Wide), Perennial 50m or more in width x
Mangrove, 150mx150m or more x
Swamp, 150mx150m or more x
Other land, natural, grassland x
Other wooded land, fallow x
Other wooded land, shrubs x
Other wooded land, wooded grassland x
Other land, cultivated, pastures x
Other land, cultivated, annual crop x
Other land, cultivated, perennial crop x
Other land, fishpond x x
Bamboo/palm formation x
Land Cover by DENR
Closed forest, broadleaved x

Closed forest, coniferous x
Closed forest, mixed x
Forest plantation, broadleaved x
Forest plantation, coniferous x
Forest plantation, mangrove x
Open forest, broadleaved x
Open forest, coniferous x
Open forest, mixed x
Other land, natural, barren land x
Other land, built-up area x
Inland Water x
Mangrove forest x
Other land, natural, marshland x
ANT-3-3
Annex-T 3.4.1 (1/2) Rate Systems by Water Districts for Municipal Water
Bulacan Province
Rate Systems of Municipal Water (Pesos)
Basic Water Specific Charges (Pesos/m3) Effective
Charge Date of the
Municipality Service Rate System:
(Minimum
Conn'n Fee Charge) (11-20m3) (21-30m3) (31-40m3) (41-50m3) (51 m3 <) After;
(< 10 m3)
Angat 4,758 160.00 17.50 19.25 21.25 23.50 26.00 8/1/06
Balagtas 2,116 130.00 13.15 13.45 13.90 14.45 15.10 7/1/01
Baliuag 13,635 120.00 13.50 15.25 17.25 19.50 22.00 3/1/06
Bocaue 6,824 173.00 18.75 21.00 24.00 27.75 32.00 12/1/06
Bulacan 7,780 145.00 15.25 16.25 17.50 19.00 19.00 11/1/07
Bustos 7,370 110.00 11.00 12.10 14.30 14.30 14.30 5/1/00
Calumpit 13,176 125.00 13.50 15.00 17.00 19.50 22.50 10/1/05
Dona R. Trinidad - - - - - - - -
Guiguinto 300 140.00 15.00 16.25 17.75 19.50 21.50 9/1/01
Hagonoy 20,836 90.00 10.00 11.00 12.00 12.00 12.00 7/1/02
Malolos City 27,926 125.00 13.50 14.75 16.25 18.00 20.00 1/1/07
Marilao 9,068 186.00 22.00 26.15 30.45 34.90 39.50 4/1/06
Meycauayan City 12,464 384.00 41.25 47.00 54.20 54.20 62.80 3/1/05
Norzagaray 4,888 219.00 22.75 24.35 26.50 29.15 32.10 10/1/07
Obando 7,780 367.00 40.95 49.15 61.65 78.40 99.25 1/1/06
Pandi 787 170.00 19.50 21.75 24.25 27.00 30.00 1/1/06
Paombong - - - - - - - -
Plaridel 8,214 80.00 8.50 9.50 10.60 11.80 13.10 9/1/01
Pulilan 3,600 150.00 16.00 17.25 18.75 20.50 22.50 1/1/02
San Ildefonso 4,771 160.00 17.00 18.25 19.75 21.50 23.50 4/15/08
San Jose Del Monte 51,114 280.00 30.95 34.00 37.25 40.55 40.55 5/20/08
San Miguel 4,517 143.00 15.50 16.75 18.25 20.00 22.00 6/1/06
San Rafael 4,200 175.00 19.00 20.50 22.25 24.25 26.50 1/1/05
Santa Maria 5,854 175.00 18.65 20.20 22.45 25.40 28.70 3/1/08
Nueva Ecija Province

Basic Water Specific Charges (Pesos/m3) Effective Date
Municipality Charge of the Rate
Service
Conn'n Fee (Minimum System: After;
Charge) (11-20m3) (11-20m3) (11-20m3) (11-20m3) (11-20m3)
(< 10 m3)
Aliaga - - - - - - - -
Bongabon 1,097 265.00 27.50 29.25 31.65 34.70 38.05 1/1/06
Cabanatuan City 22,425 115.00 12.50 13.75 15.25 17.15 19.50 2/1/05
Cabiao 1,700 125.00 12.60 12.75 13.00 13.00 13.00 4/4/00
Carranglan - - - - - - - -
Cuyapo 602 240.00 25.35 27.85 29.95 29.95 31.95 3/4/08
Gabaldon - - - - - - - -
Gapan City 2,992 193.00 20.50 22.00 24.00 26.60 30.35 12/1/06
Gen. M. Natividad 420 240.00 24.70 25.50 26.35 27.25 28.20 1/1/04
Gen. Tinio 1,767 170.00 17.50 18.50 20.00 22.00 24.50 1/1/00
Guimba 2,246 235.00 26.15 28.75 31.70 35.10 38.85 1/1/07
Jaen 1,354 245.00 26.20 27.55 29.05 31.00 33.20 7/8/07
Laur - - - - - - - -
Licab - 184.00 19.50 20.75 22.25 24.00 26.00 7/1/07
Llanera - - - - - - - -
Lupao - - - - - - - -
Munoz 2,559 178.00 18.70 19.60 20.85 22.35 24.00 1/1/08
Nampicuan - - - - - - - -
Palayan City 895 205.00 21.65 23.10 24.85 26.90 29.25 1/1/06
Pantabangan - - - - - - - -
Penaranda 2,560 180.00 18.80 19.95 21.35 22.85 24.75 7/1/05
Quezon - - - - - - - -
Rizal - - - - - - - -
San Antonio 1,931 180.00 19.50 21.20 23.20 25.40 25.40 1/29/08
San Isidro - - - - - - - -
San Jose City 4,994 189.00 20.00 21.50 23.50 25.90 28.80 1/1/07
San Leonardo - - - - - - - -
Santa Rosa 2,598 150.00 16.00 17.25 18.75 20.50 22.50 10/1/05
Santo Domingo - - - - - - - -
Talavera 4,378 180.00 18.30 18.70 19.30 20.10 21.00 1/1/03
Talugtug 0 174.00 18.75 20.25 22.00 24.00 26.25 9/1/07
Source: "Philippine Water Districts Directory" Local Water Utilities Administration (LWUA) in the Philippines.
ANT-3-4
Annex-T 3.4.1 (2/2) Rate Systems by Water Districts for Municipal Water
Pampanga Province
Charge Date of the
Municipality Service Rate System:
(Minimum
Conn'n Fee Charge) (11-20m3) (11-20m3) (11-20m3) (11-20m3) (11-20m3) After;
(< 10 m3)
Angeles City 28,830 140.00 15.25 16.75 18.50 20.50 22.75 3/1/06
Apalit - - - - - - - -
Arayat - - - - - - - -
Bacolor - 150.00 16.50 17.75 19.25 21.00 23.00 2/1/07
Candaba - 195.00 22.00 24.25 26.75 29.50 32.50 8/1/05
Floridablanca 10,023 132.00 14.25 15.25 16.50 18.00 19.75 2/1/06
Guagua 7,724 120.00 13.20 15.00 17.40 20.40 24.00 1/1/05
Lubao 4,073 112.00 12.30 13.20 14.40 14.40 14.40 4/1/05
Mabalacat 20,179 144.00 15.35 16.70 18.70 18.70 18.70 2/1/06
Macabebe 3,228 135.00 14.50 15.75 17.25 19.00 21.00 2/1/06
Magalang - - - - - - - -
Masantol 1,142 180.00 18.75 19.55 20.40 21.30 22.25 1/1/07
Mexico - - - - - - - -
Minalin - - - - - - - -
Porac 1,457 145.00 16.25 17.75 19.50 21.50 23.75 2/1/05
San Fernando City 17,199 175.00 19.65 22.25 25.15 28.50 32.20 1/1/06
San Luis - - - - - - - -
San Simon - - - - - - - -
Santa Ana - - - - - - - -
Santa Rita - - - - - - - -
Santo Tomas - - - - - - - -
Sasmuan 1,400 150.00 16.00 16.65 17.00 17.00 17.00 12/1/05
Tarlac Province
Municipality Charge Date of the
Service Rate System:
(Minimum
Conn'n Fee 3 3 3 3 3
After;
Charge) (11-20m ) (11-20m ) (11-20m ) (11-20m ) (11-20m )
(< 10 m3)
Bamban - - - - - - - -
Capas - - - - - - - -
Concepcion 6,093 163.00 17.80 19.45 21.45 23.75 26.40 10/1/05
La Paz - - - - - - - -
Tarlac City 16,323 185.00 20.00 21.75 23.75 26.00 28.50 6/1/07
Victoria - - - - - - - -
Source: "Philippine Water Districts Directory" Local Water Utilities Administration (LWUA) in the Philippines.
ANT-3-5
Annex-T 3.4.2 Fluctuation of Average Unit Price of Water Distributed by Water District in Last 10
Years
(Peso/m3)
First Latter First Latter First Latter First Latter First Latter First Latter First Latter First Latter First Latter First Latter
half half half half half half half half half half half half half half half half half half half half
Water District
of of of of of of of of of of of of of of of of of of of of
2000 2000 2001 2001 2002 2002 2003 2003 2004 2004 2005 2005 2006 2006 2007 2007 2008 2008 2009 2009
Bulacan 12.23 11.56 11.71 12.12 13.64 13.83 14.24 14.24 14.39 14.80 16.20 17.03 17.62 18.19 18.34 18.71 19.13 19.13 19.13 19.13
Angat 11.08 11.08 11.08 11.08 11.08 13.08 13.08 13.08 13.08 13.08 13.08 13.08 13.08 17.58 17.58 17.58 17.58 17.58 17.58 17.58
Balagtas 13.20 13.20 13.20 13.20 13.20 13.20 13.20 13.20 13.20 13.20 13.20 13.20 16.35 16.35 16.35 16.35 16.35 16.35
Baliwag 10.92 10.92 10.92 10.92 10.92 10.92 10.92 10.92 10.92 10.92 10.92 13.58 13.58 13.58 13.58 13.58 13.58 13.58 13.58
Bocaue 16.75 16.75 16.75 16.75 16.75 16.75 17.58 17.58 17.58 19.02 19.02 19.02 19.02 19.02 19.02 19.02
Bulacan 11.75 11.75 11.75 11.75 11.75 11.75 11.75 11.75 11.75 11.75 11.75 11.75 15.33 15.33 15.33 15.33 15.33
Bustos 11.37 11.37 11.37 11.37 11.37 11.37 11.37 11.37 11.37 11.37 11.37 11.37 11.37 11.37 11.37 11.37 11.37 11.37 11.37 11.37
Calumpit 12.02 12.02 12.02 12.02 12.02 12.02 12.02 12.02 12.02 12.02 12.02 13.67 13.67 13.67 13.67 13.67 13.67 13.67 13.67 13.67
Guiguinto 15.08 15.08 15.08 15.08 15.08 15.08 15.08 15.08 15.08 15.08 15.08 15.08 15.08 15.08 15.08 15.08 15.08
Hagonoy 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00
Malolos 11.15 11.15 11.15 11.15 11.15 11.15 11.15 11.15 11.15 11.15 11.15 11.15 11.15 13.58 13.58 13.58 13.58 13.58 13.58 13.58
Marilao 16.55 18.05 18.05 18.05 18.05 18.05 18.05 18.05 22.25 22.25 22.25 22.25 22.25 22.25 22.25 22.25
Meycauayan 26.40 26.40 26.40 26.40 26.40 26.40 42.22 42.22 42.22 42.22 42.22 42.22 42.22 42.22 42.22 42.22
Norzagaray 6.87 6.87 6.87 6.87 6.87 15.73 15.73 15.73 15.73 15.73 18.35 18.35 18.35 18.35 23.00 23.00 23.00 23.00 23.00
Obando 22.92 22.92 22.92 22.92 22.92 22.92 31.50 42.27 42.27 42.27 42.27 42.27 42.27 42.27 42.27 42.27
Pandi 10.72 10.72 10.72 10.72 10.72 10.72 10.72 10.72 10.72 10.72 16.17 19.42 19.42 19.42 19.42 19.42 19.42 19.42 19.42 19.42
Plaridel 8.67 8.67 8.67 8.67 8.67 8.67 8.67 8.67 8.67 8.67 8.67 8.67 8.67 8.67 8.67 8.67 8.67
Pulilan 16.08 16.08 16.08 16.08 16.08 16.08 16.08 16.08 16.08 16.08 16.08 16.08 16.08 16.08 16.08 16.08 16.08
San Ildefonso 12.08 12.08 12.08 12.08 12.08 12.08 12.08 12.08 12.08 12.08 12.08 12.08 15.08 15.08 15.08 15.08 17.08 17.08 17.08 17.08
San Jose del Monte City 17.00 17.00 17.00 17.00 17.00 17.00 17.00 17.00 17.00 21.55 21.55 21.55 21.55 25.85 25.85 25.85 30.98 30.98 30.98 30.98
San Miguel 12.42 12.42 12.42 12.42 12.42 12.42 12.42 12.42 12.42 12.42 12.42 12.42 15.52 15.52 15.52 15.52 15.52 15.52 15.52 15.52
San Rafael 12.75 12.75 12.75 16.17 19.00 19.00 19.00 19.00 19.00 19.00 19.00 19.00 19.00 19.00 19.00
Sta Maria 13.47 13.47 15.08 15.08 15.08 15.08 16.72 16.72 16.72 16.72 16.72 16.72 16.72 18.78 18.78 18.78 18.78
Nueva Ecija 13.85 14.67 13.92 13.98 13.93 15.31 15.48 16.12 16.44 17.35 17.41 18.19 18.19 19.38 19.39 19.60 20.23 20.32 20.32 20.69
Bongabon 11.58 11.58 11.58 16.25 16.25 16.25 21.45 21.45 21.45 27.75 27.75 27.75 27.75 27.75 27.75 27.75 27.75 27.75
Cabanatuan City 11.67 11.67 11.67 11.67 11.67 11.67 11.67 12.58 12.58 12.58 12.58 12.58 12.58 12.58 12.58 12.58 12.58
Cabiao 12.62 12.62 12.62 12.62 12.62 12.62 12.62 12.62 12.62 12.62 12.62 12.62 12.62 12.62 12.62 12.62 12.62 12.62 12.62 12.62
Cuyapo 9.70 9.70 9.70 9.70 9.70 9.70 12.38 16.63 16.63 16.63 16.63 16.63 16.63 16.63 16.63 16.63 25.73 25.73 25.73 25.73
Gapan 18.75 18.75 18.75 18.75 18.75 18.75 18.75 18.75 18.75 18.75 18.75 18.75 20.60 20.60 20.60 20.60 20.60 20.60 20.60
Gen. M. Natividad 15.50 15.50 15.50 20.62 20.62 24.73 24.73 24.73 24.73 24.73 24.73 24.73 24.73 24.73 24.73 24.73 24.73 24.73
Gen. Tinio 17.67 17.67 17.67 17.67 17.67 17.67 17.67 17.67 17.67 17.67 17.67 17.67 17.67 17.67 17.67 17.67 17.67 17.67 17.67 23.33
Guimba 17.53 17.53 17.53 17.53 20.88 20.88 20.88 20.88 26.13 26.13 26.13 26.13 26.13 26.13 26.13
Jaen 16.28 16.28 16.28 16.28 16.28 19.53 19.53 19.53 19.53 19.53 19.53 19.53 19.53 24.55 24.55 24.55 24.55 26.08 26.08 26.08
Licab 19.55 19.55 19.55 19.55 19.55 19.55
Lupao 19.53
Muñoz 12.32 12.32 12.32 12.32 14.18 14.18 14.18 14.18 14.18 14.18 14.18 14.18 18.70 18.70 18.70 18.70 20.83
Palayan City 11.83 11.83 11.83 14.33 14.33 14.33 14.33 18.58 18.58 21.75 21.75 21.75 21.75 21.75 21.75 21.75 21.75 21.75
Peñaranda 16.83 16.83 18.92 18.92 18.92 18.92 18.92 18.92 18.92 18.92 18.92 18.92 18.92 18.92 18.92 18.92 18.92
San Antonio 15.70 15.70 16.53 16.53 16.53 16.53 17.33 17.33 17.33 17.33 17.33 17.33 17.33 19.57 19.57 19.57 19.57
San Jose City 13.30 13.30 13.30 13.30 13.30 13.30 13.30 13.30 13.30 20.13 20.13 20.13 20.13 20.13 20.13 20.13
Sta Rosa 13.00 13.00 13.00 13.00 13.00 13.00 13.00 13.00 13.00 13.00 13.00 16.08 16.08 16.08 16.08 16.08 16.08 16.08 16.08 16.08
Taravera 12.23 12.23 12.23 12.23 12.23 12.23 12.23 18.33 18.33 18.33 18.33 18.33 18.33 18.33 18.33 18.33 18.33 18.33
Talugtug 18.80 18.80 18.80 18.80 18.80
Pampanga 11.15 11.16 11.16 11.87 12.01 12.01 12.01 12.01 12.42 12.95 13.38 14.60 15.64 16.16 16.18 16.18 16.18 16.56 16.69 17.36
Angeres City 11.80 11.80 11.80 11.80 13.08 13.08 13.08 13.08 13.08 13.08 13.08 13.08 15.33 15.33 15.33 15.33 15.33 15.33 15.33 18.08
Bacolor 16.42 16.42 16.42 16.42 16.42 16.42
Candaba 21.92 21.92 21.92 21.92 21.92 21.92 21.92 21.92 21.92
Floridaｂlanca 8.60 8.60 8.60 8.60 8.60 8.60 8.60 8.60 12.25 12.25 12.25 12.25 14.23 14.23 14.23 14.23 14.23 14.23 14.23 14.23
Guagua 8.67 8.67 8.67 8.67 8.67 8.67 8.67 8.67 13.40 13.40 13.40 13.40 13.40 13.40 13.40 13.40 17.87 17.87 17.87
Lubao 11.13 11.13 11.13 11.13 11.13 11.13 11.13 11.13 11.13 12.23 12.23 12.23 12.23 12.23 12.23 12.23 12.23 12.23 12.23
Mabalacat 11.63 11.63 11.63 11.63 11.63 11.63 11.63 11.63 11.63 11.63 11.63 15.48 15.48 15.48 15.48 15.48 15.48 15.48 19.57
Macabebe 11.18 11.18 11.18 11.18 11.18 11.18 11.18 11.18 11.18 11.18 11.18 11.18 14.58 14.58 14.58 14.58 14.58 14.58 16.18 18.87
Masantol 13.00 13.00 13.00 13.00 13.00 13.00 13.00 13.00 13.00 13.00 13.00 13.00 13.00 18.77 18.77 18.77 18.77 18.77 18.77 18.77
Porac 16.17 16.17 16.17 16.17 16.17 16.17 16.17 16.17 16.17 16.17
San Fernando City 17.53 17.53 17.53 17.53 17.53 17.53 17.53 17.53 19.80 19.80 19.80 19.80 19.80 19.80 19.80 19.80 19.80
Sasmuan 13.30 13.30 13.30 13.30 13.30 13.30 13.30 13.30 13.30 13.30 15.88 15.88 15.88 15.88 15.88 15.88 15.88 15.88 15.88
Sta Rita 15.83
Tarlac 16.25 13.86 14.22 14.03 13.47 14.05 14.50 14.93 15.11 15.11 16.09 17.45 18.00 18.00 18.30 18.30 18.76 20.66 20.66 21.14
Camiling 17.33 17.33 17.33 17.33 17.33 17.33 19.00 19.00 21.17 21.17 21.17 21.17 21.17 21.17 21.17 24.00 24.00 24.00
Concepcion 11.83 11.83 11.83 11.83 13.58 13.58 13.58 13.58 13.58 17.85 17.85 17.85 17.85 17.85 17.85 17.85 17.85 17.85
Gerona 13.28 13.28 13.28 13.28 13.28 13.28 13.28 13.28 13.28 18.25 18.25 18.25 18.25 18.25 21.57 21.57 21.57
Mayantoc 16.25 16.25 16.25 16.25 16.25 16.25 16.25 16.25 16.25 16.25 18.37 20.85 20.85 20.85 20.85 20.85 20.85 20.85 20.85 20.85
Moncada 12.08 13.08 13.08 13.08 13.08 13.08 13.08 16.08 16.08 16.08 16.08 16.08 20.15 20.15 20.15 20.15
Paniqui 17.70 17.70 17.70 17.70 17.70 17.70 17.70 17.70 17.70 17.70 17.70 17.70 17.70 17.70 17.70
Ramos 13.70 13.70 13.70 13.70 13.70 13.70 16.20 16.20 16.20 16.20 16.20 16.20 16.20 20.77 20.77 20.77
Sta Ignacia 11.80 11.80 14.10 14.10 14.10 14.10 14.10 16.55 16.55 16.55 16.55 16.55 16.55 22.98 22.98 27.25
Tarlac City 11.47 11.47 11.47 11.47 11.47 11.47 15.33 15.33 15.33 17.33 17.33 17.33 17.33 20.08 20.08 20.08 20.08 20.08 20.08
Source: LWUA Official Web Site Home Page.
ANT-3-6
Annex-T 3.4.3 Rate Systems of CPC Grantees for Municipal/Commercial/Industrial Water
Bulacan Province
Rate Systems of
Rate Systems of Municipal Water (Pesos) Commercial and
Industrial Water
City/ Basic Variable Charges

Service Location/
Municipality Service
Specific Charges (Pesos/m3) (Pesos/m3)
Water
Conn'n Charge
Fee in (Minimum (0 - (11 - (21 - (31 - (41 - (51 - (61 - (71 - (26 - (1,000
Average(1) Charge) 10 20 (100 (0 -
30 40 50 60 70 100 3 3 1,000
(< 10 m3) m3) m3) m3) m3) m3) m3) m3) m3) m <) 25 m ) m3) m3 <)
San Gabriel Rural

Waterworks &
Santa Maria 288.53 130.00 - 13.50 14.25 15.50 17.50 20.00 23.00 26.00 29.00 - - -
Development
Cooperative
Bulihan Rural
Waterworks Cooperative Malolos - - 12.00 13.00 14.00 15.00 16.00 16.00 (Over 51m3) - - -
and Allied Services
Tabe Rural Waterworks
and Sanitation Guiguinto 2,269.83 - 12.00 13-14 15-16 17-18 19-20 20.00 (Over 51m3) - - -
Assoziation Inc.
Malhakan Rural
Waterworks Meycauayan - 210.00 - 22.50 24.00 25.50 27.00 28.50 (Over 51m3) - - -
Multipurpose
Cooperative
Confed Properties, Inc.,
CPI-HH2 Waterworks Marilao(6) - 210.00 - 22.00 23.00 24.00 25.00 26.00 (Over 51m3) - - -
Pampanga Province
Rate Systems of
Industrial Water
City/ Basic Variable Charges

Service Location/ Municipalit Specific Charges (Pesos/m3) (Pesos/m3)
Service Water
Conn'n Charge
Fee in (Minimum (0 - (11 - (21 - (31 - (41 - (51 - (61 - (71 - (26 -
Average(1) Charge) 10 (100 (0 - (1,000
3
20 30 40 50 60 70 100 m3 <) 25 m3) 1,000 m3 <)
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
(< 10 m ) m ) m ) m ) m ) m ) m ) m ) m ) m3)
Angeles 7,245.00 - 16.50 17.00 17.50 18.00 18.50 19.00 (Over 51m3) - - -
Lago Waterworks, Inc. City
(4) 3 (ii)
- Mexico 12,836.75 160.00 - 16.00 16.25 16.50 17.00 21.00 (Over 51m ) 220.00 27
"Sinukuan Water Angeles - 97.00 - 8.00 8.20 8.40 8.60 9.00 3
(Over 51m ) 130.00 - -
System, Inc" City
Calsons Development Angeles - 147.00 - 15.00 15.50 16.00 16.50 17.00 3
(Over 51m ) 735.00 32.00 34.00
Corporations City
Taguete Waterworks In Angeles - 130.00 - 14.50 16.00 17.75 19.90 21.50 3
(Over 51m ) - - -
City
Trilan Waterworks Inc. Angeles - - 13.00 13.50 14.00 14.50 15.00 15.50 3
(Over 51m ) 18.00 19.00 23.00
City
"Santa Lucia Water Magalang - 68.00 - 7.15 8.00 9.00 10.00 11.00 3
(Over 51m ) 140.00 - -
Incorporated
Tarlac Province
Rate Systems of
Industrial Water
Service Location/ City/ Basic Specific Charges (Pesos/m3) Variable Charges

Municipalit Service Water (Pesos/m3)
Conn'n Fee Charge
in (Minimum (0 - (11 - (21 - (31 - (41 - (51 - (61 - (71 - (26 - (1,000
Average(1) Charge) (100 (0 -
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 100 3 3 1,000
3 3 3 3 3 3 3
(< 10 m ) m ) m ) m ) m ) m ) m ) m ) m ) 3 3 m <) 25 m ) m3) m3 <)
"JQG Homes
Development Tarlac City - 85.00 11.00 12.00 13.00 14.00 15.00 (Over 51m3) - - -
Corporation".
Source : "Annual Report" of CPS-WSP.
ANT-3-7
Annex-T 4.3.1 Present Coverage Ratio of the Water Supply Service System in the Study Area
ACCESS TO SAFE WATER HHs Service Level Ratio / Unsafe Ratio
Safe Unsafe Service Level Unsafe
Province City / Municipality HHs 2008
Level 3 Level 2 Level 1 Total Level 3 Level 2 Level 1 Total
Angat 12,044 5,138 0 4,861 9,999 2,045 51% 0% 49% 100% 17%
Baliuag 34,430 17,623 0 14,309 31,932 2,498 55% 0% 45% 100% 7%
Bulacan 18,069 12,281 0 5,136 17,417 652 71% 0% 29% 100% 4%
Bustos 11,762 7,270 0 4,003 11,273 489 64% 0% 36% 100% 4%
Calumpit 20,454 19,380 0 593 19,973 481 97% 0% 3% 100% 2%
Doña Remedios Trinidad 4,119 2,817 0 171 2,988 1,131 94% 0% 6% 100% 27%
Guiguinto 23,322 8,469 0 14,256 22,725 597 37% 0% 63% 100% 3%
Hagonoy 27,155 23,410 0 2,843 26,253 902 89% 0% 11% 100% 3%
Malolos City 49,388 18,832 0 21,520 40,352 9,036 47% 0% 53% 100% 18%
Bulacan
Norzagaray 19,380 12,743 0 5,798 18,541 839 69% 0% 31% 100% 4%
Pandi 13,928 4,676 0 172 4,848 9,080 96% 0% 4% 100% 65%
Paombong 10,651 7,785 0 942 8,727 1,924 89% 0% 11% 100% 18%
Plaridel 24,774 16,589 0 6,912 23,501 1,273 71% 0% 29% 100% 5%
Pulilan 17,132 610 0 15,956 16,566 566 4% 0% 96% 100% 3%
San Ildefonso 17,866 3,356 0 7,539 10,895 6,971 31% 0% 69% 100% 39%
San Miguel 28,907 13,451 0 15,456 28,907 0 47% 0% 53% 100% 0%
San Rafael 21,898 5,038 0 14,515 19,553 2,345 26% 0% 74% 100% 11%
Santa Maria 41,006 23,373 0 15,582 38,955 2,051 60% 0% 40% 100% 5%
Aliaga 9,693 898 0 2,928 3,826 5,867 23% 0% 77% 100% 61%
Bongabon 9,020 1,317 1,742 5,961 9,020 0 15% 19% 66% 100% 0%
Cabanatuan City 42,151 31,265 9 11,507 42,781 0 73% 0% 27% 100% 0%
Cabiao 12,204 2,171 466 9,325 11,962 242 18% 4% 78% 100% 2%
Carranglan 6,225 0 0 2,787 2,787 3,438 0% 0% 100% 100% 55%
Gabaldon 5,532 0 2,176 1,182 3,358 2,174 0% 65% 35% 100% 39%
Gapan 14,798 3,318 1,450 10,029 14,797 1 22% 10% 68% 100% 0%
Gen Mamerto Natividad 5,473 1,036 125 4,250 5,411 62 19% 2% 79% 100% 1%
General Tinio 6,506 1,968 435 3,490 5,893 613 33% 7% 59% 100% 9%
Guimba 14,496 2,793 66 11,720 14,579 0 19% 0% 80% 100% 0%
Jaen 10,678 2,049 176 7,851 10,076 602 20% 2% 78% 100% 6%
Laur 5,180 1,121 890 3,088 5,099 81 22% 17% 61% 100% 2%
Licab 4,136 395 0 891 1,286 2,850 31% 0% 69% 100% 69%
Llanera 6,170 229 195 4,698 5,122 1,048 4% 4% 92% 100% 17%
Nueva Lupao 5,679 0 0 4,053 4,053 1,626 0% 0% 100% 100% 29%
Ecija Science City of Munoz 11,629 4,761 940 4,135 9,836 1,793 48% 10% 42% 100% 15%
Palayan City 7,082 2,318 457 3,856 6,631 451 35% 7% 58% 100% 6%
Pantabangan 5,007 0 2,275 427 2,702 2,305 0% 84% 16% 100% 46%
Penaranda 4,487 3,168 171 1,150 4,489 0 71% 4% 26% 100% 0%
Quezon 5,931 0 0 2,440 2,440 3,491 0% 0% 100% 100% 59%
Rizal 9,603 0 50 9,551 9,601 2 0% 1% 99% 100% 0%
San Antonio 10,859 2,050 458 7,532 10,040 819 20% 5% 75% 100% 8%
San Isidro 6,919 2,754 173 3,960 6,887 32 40% 3% 57% 100% 0%
San Jose City 20,777 5,312 0 0 5,312 15,465 100% 0% 0% 100% 74%
San Leonardo 9,717 3,026 1,847 4,237 9,110 607 33% 20% 47% 100% 6%
Santa Rosa 10,244 4,533 499 5,212 10,244 0 44% 5% 51% 100% 0%
Santo Domingo 8,451 671 50 6,826 7,547 904 9% 1% 90% 100% 11%
Talavera 18,250 7,858 0 11,527 19,385 0 41% 0% 59% 100% 0%
Talugtug 3,465 500 0 2,442 2,942 523 17% 0% 83% 100% 15%
Zaragosa 6,746 715 736 5,462 6,913 0 10% 11% 79% 100% 0%
Angeles City 67,838 51,590 0 10,065 61,655 6,183 84% 0% 16% 100% 9%
Apalit 35,509 7,747 0 4,391 12,138 23,371 64% 0% 36% 100% 66%
Arayat 21,999 0 0 15,295 15,295 6,704 0% 0% 100% 100% 30%
Bacolor 6,673 1,679 590 4,075 6,344 329 26% 9% 64% 100% 5%
Candaba 22,465 2,206 100 10,063 12,369 10,096 18% 1% 81% 100% 45%
Floridablanca 17,834 12,067 0 3,515 15,582 2,252 77% 0% 23% 100% 13%
Guagua 22,782 10,720 95 7,555 18,370 4,412 58% 1% 41% 100% 19%
Lubao 29,485 5,040 72 17,861 22,973 6,512 22% 0% 78% 100% 22%
Mabalacat 35,435 25,218 0 6,219 31,437 3,998 80% 0% 20% 100% 11%
Macabebe 14,108 4,190 0 1,491 5,681 8,427 74% 0% 26% 100% 60%
Magalang 14,228 0 0 11,250 11,250 2,978 0% 0% 100% 100% 21%
Pampanga
Masantol 8,434 0 0 7,710 7,710 724 0% 0% 100% 100% 9%
Mexico 23,743 4,580 0 17,335 21,915 1,828 21% 0% 79% 100% 8%
Minalin 8,011 3,033 0 3,684 6,717 1,294 45% 0% 55% 100% 16%
Porac 23,180 3,084 1,976 12,985 18,045 5,135 17% 11% 72% 100% 22%
City of San Fernando 49,690 20,249 6,869 15,128 42,246 7,444 48% 16% 36% 100% 15%
San Luis 10,109 0 0 4,431 4,431 5,678 0% 0% 100% 100% 56%
San Simon 8,302 3,372 0 2,926 6,298 2,004 54% 0% 46% 100% 24%
Santa Ana 8,316 1,024 7,966 7,614 16,604 0 6% 48% 46% 100% 0%
Santa Rita 9,646 1,229 0 6,240 7,469 2,177 16% 0% 84% 100% 23%
Santo Tomas 8,111 3,438 0 1,729 5,167 2,944 67% 0% 33% 100% 36%
Sasmuan 6,791 0 0 3,649 3,649 3,142 0% 0% 100% 100% 46%
Bamban 10,169 1,669 0 7,004 8,673 1,496 19% 0% 81% 100% 15%
Capas 23,000 6,062 0 9,757 15,819 7,181 38% 0% 62% 100% 31%
Concepcion 23,051 5,267 0 11,511 16,778 6,273 31% 0% 69% 100% 27%
Tarlac
La Paz 10,653 1,243 0 7,580 8,823 1,830 14% 0% 86% 100% 17%
Tarlac City 56,291 19,604 0 31,081 50,685 5,606 39% 0% 61% 100% 10%
Victoria 12,417 1,076 0 6,731 7,807 4,610 14% 0% 86% 100% 37%
Total 1,281,663 484,454 33,054 551,956 1,069,464 222,504 45% 3% 52% 100% 17%
Bulacan 396,285 202,841 0 150,564 353,405 42,880 57% 0% 43% 100% 11%
Nueva Ecija 297,108 86,226 15,386 152,517 254,129 44,996 34% 6% 60% 100% 15%
Pampanga 452,689 160,466 17,668 175,211 353,345 107,632 45% 5% 50% 100% 24%
Tarlac 135,581 34,921 0 73,664 108,585 26,996 32% 0% 68% 100% 20%
Total 1,281,663 484,454 33,054 551,956 1,069,464 222,504 45% 3% 52% 100% 17%

Source: PHO for Bulacan, Nueva Ecija, Pampanga and Tarlac (arranged by JICA Study Team)
ANT-4-1
Annex-T 4.3.2 Present Sanitation Facilities
HH with HH with HH Ratio
Province City / Municipality HHs 2008 Sanitary Insanitary without with without
Toilet Toilet Toilet
Angat 12,044 10,716 1,328 89% 11%
Baliuag 34,430 31,788 2,642 92% 8%
Bulacan 18,069 16,726 1,343 93% 7%
Bustos 11,762 11,301 461 96% 4%
Calumpit 20,454 18,490 1,964 90% 10%
Doña Remedios Trinidad 4,119 2,156 1,963 52% 48%
Guiguinto 23,322 21,941 1,381 94% 6%
Hagonoy 27,155 24,056 3,099 89% 11%
Malolos City 49,388 44,661 4,727 90% 10%
Bulacan
Norzagaray 19,380 17,942 1,438 93% 7%
Pandi 13,928 11,848 2,080 85% 15%
Paombong 10,651 10,165 486 95% 5%
Plaridel 24,774 23,877 897 96% 4%
Pulilan 17,132 15,685 1,447 92% 8%
San Ildefonso 17,866 15,760 2,106 88% 12%
San Miguel 28,907 25,727 3,180 89% 11%
San Rafael 21,898 20,155 1,743 92% 8%
Santa Maria 41,006 39,378 1,628 96% 4%
Aliaga 9,693 8,239 969 485 85% 15%
Bongabon 9,020 6,834 1,674 512 76% 24%
Cabanatuan City 42,151 42,781 0 0 100% 0%
Cabiao 12,204 10,124 914 1,166 83% 17%
Carranglan 6,225 3,563 2,162 500 57% 43%
Gabaldon 5,532 4,148 1,003 381 75% 25%
Gapan 14,798 13,944 0 854 94% 6%
Gen Mamerto Natividad 5,473 4,979 391 736 82% 18%
General Tinio 6,506 5,452 211 843 84% 16%
Guimba 14,496 12,648 0 1,932 87% 13%
Jaen 10,678 8,500 1,172 1,005 80% 20%
Laur 5,180 4,115 1,135 0 78% 22%
Licab 4,136 3,849 320 0 92% 8%
Llanera 6,170 5,424 745 0 88% 12%
Nueva Lupao 5,679 4,606 681 392 81% 19%
Ecija Science City of Munoz 11,629 10,595 1,035 0 91% 9%
Palayan City 7,082 5,984 582 516 84% 16%
Pantabangan 5,007 3,566 705 736 71% 29%
Penaranda 4,487 3,910 205 374 87% 13%
Quezon 5,931 4,627 938 366 78% 22%
Rizal 9,603 8,180 1,123 300 85% 15%
San Antonio 10,859 9,275 0 1,584 85% 15%
San Isidro 6,919 6,170 749 0 89% 11%
San Jose City 20,777 18,462 0 2,315 89% 11%
San Leonardo 9,717 7,841 0 1,876 81% 19%
Santa Rosa 10,244 8,490 774 980 83% 17%
Santo Domingo 8,451 6,432 2,019 0 76% 24%
Talavera 18,250 16,327 1,381 542 89% 11%
Talugtug 3,465 3,294 0 171 95% 5%
Zaragosa 6,746 5,466 560 726 81% 19%
Angeles City 67,838 46,528 69% 31%
Apalit 35,509 20,424 959 2,590 85% 15%
Arayat 21,999 17,384 760 4,824 76% 24%
Bacolor 6,673 6,318 0 37 99% 1%
Candaba 22,465 13,454 204 4,312 75% 25%
Floridablanca 17,834 15,560 140 1,108 93% 7%
Guagua 22,782 17,948 660 305 95% 5%
Lubao 29,485 19,244 1,031 5,096 76% 24%
Mabalacat 35,435 28,591 502 1,246 94% 6%
Macabebe 14,108 16,037 1,407 2,101 82% 18%
Magalang 14,228 10,171 287 953 89% 11%
Pampanga
Masantol 8,434 7,674 760 0 91% 9%
Mexico 23,743 21,720 0 2,023 91% 9%
Minalin 8,011 5,707 0 2,159 73% 27%
Porac 23,180 17,907 15 1,051 94% 6%
City of San Fernando 49,690 39,563 403 4,664 89% 11%
San Luis 10,109 5,893 581 1,832 71% 29%
San Simon 8,302 6,437 0 1,319 83% 17%
Santa Ana 8,316 7,229 0 1,064 87% 13%
Santa Rita 9,646 6,886 373 227 92% 8%
Santo Tomas 8,111 5,588 0 1,150 83% 17%
Sasmuan 6,791 4,487 187 917 80% 20%
Bamban 10,169 9,158 587 424 90% 10%
Capas 23,000 17,486 345 5,169 76% 24%
Concepcion 23,051 16,561 582 5,908 72% 28%
Tarlac
La Paz 10,653 9,474 0 1,179 89% 11%
Tarlac City 56,291 52,905 870 2,516 94% 6%
Victoria 12,417 10,214 0 2,203 82% 18%
Total 1,281,663 1,076,745 66,014 75,669 88% 12%
Bulacan 396,285 362,372 33,913 0 91% 9%

Nueva Ecija 297,108 257,825 21,448 19,292 86% 14%
Pampanga 452,689 340,750 8,269 38,978 88% 12%
Tarlac 135,581 115,798 2,384 17,399 85% 15%
Total 1,281,663 1,076,745 66,014 75,669 88% 12%
Source: JICA Study Team based on PHO for Bulacan, Nueva Ecija, Pampanga and Tarlac,
ANT-4-2
Annex-T 5.1.1 (1/2) Water Sector Laws and Policies
National Legislation and Policies Salient Provision
Republic Act No. 6324 of 1971 Creating the MWSS and making it responsible for water supply
in Metro Manila. In 1997, the MWSS was privatized with the
management and operations transferred to MWSI and MWCI
under a 25-years concession contract.
Presidential Decree No.198 of Creating the LWUA and the local WDs. It established LWUA as
1973 (Provincial Water Utilities Act the government resources provider and the WDs as the local
as amended) water service providers. It is also gives authority to LWUA as a
specialized lending institution for, and provides technical and
training assistance to the WD’s.
Presidential Decree No. 424 of 1974 Creating the NWRC, now the NWRB, to coordinate the planning
(National Water Resources of some 30 water resources agencies of the government.
Council-NWRC Charter)
Presidential Decree No. 856 of 1975 Codifying and enforcing the various sanitation policies of the
(Sanitation Code of the Philippines) government including standards for water supply, food
processing and servicing, sanitary facilities, sewerage and sewage
management, markets and abattoirs, industrial hygiene and
funeral parlors.
Presidential Decree No.1067 of 1976 Provides the framework for complementing the provisions of the
(Water Code of the Philippines, as constitution on water resources development and management
amended) with regard to water quality. This includes the rule governing the
rights and obligation of water uses as well as the administrative
structure to enforce the provisions of the water code. The code
adopts prior appropriation doctrine of “first in time, first in right”
for water allocation.
Presidential Decree No.1152 of 1977 Provides the comprehensive program on environmental
(The Philippine Environmental protection and management covering air, water quality, land
Code) use, natural resources and waste management for fisheries and
aquatic resources; wildlife; forestry etc.
Presidential Decree No. 1206 of Mandates NWRB to supervise, control and regulate all water
1977 (Public Service Law) utilities except those falling under the jurisdiction under the
MWSS and the LWUA. EO 123 of September 2002 mandates
NWRB to approve tariffs of local water districts.
The Philippine Constitution of 1987 Provides the basic principles of water resources development and
management, which stipulate that all water of the Philippines
belong to the states.
Executive Order No. 292 of 1987 Vested the President with residual powers to reorganize the
(The Administrative Code) Executive Branch.
Executive Order No. 124-A of 1987 Converted NWRC into the NWRB.
EO 192 of 1987 Provides for the organization of the DENR as the lead agency in,
(Department of Environmental and among others, promulgating the (a) rules and regulation for the
Natural Resources-DENR Charter) control of water, air and land pollution, and (b) ambient and
effluent standards for water and air quality.
Executive Order No. 215 of 1987 The first legal framework for privatization of power projects by
President Corazon Aquino resulting in the implementation of
about 20 power projects.
Republic Act No. 6957 of July 1990 Authorized the financing, construction, operation and
maintenance of government infrastructure projects by the private
sector resulting in the implementation of only two projects.
Republic Act No. 7160 of 1991 Defines the function and powers of LGUs) i.e., provinces, cities,
(Local Government Code) municipalities and barangays, in environmental protection. R.A
No.7160 mandates LGUs to undertake watershed- related
activities, initially confined to community- based management
(CBFM) social forestry and watershed projects. Since then, a
number of environmental functions of various NGAs have been
developed to LGUs.
ANT-5-1
Annex-T 5.1.1 (2/2) Water Sector Laws and Policies
National Legislation and Policies Salient Provision
Republic Act No. 7718 of April 1994 Amending certain sections of Republic Act No. 6957-1990,
(The Philippine BOT Law) entitled “An Act Authorizing the Financing, Construction,
Operation and Maintenance of Infrastructure Projects by the
Private Sector, and for Other Purposes”.
National Water Crisis Act of 1995 Provided the legal basis for the privatization of the MWSS in
1997.
Executive Order No. 123 of Straightening the NWRB including assumption of LWUA’s
September 2002 (Reconstructing the WD tariff approving authority.
NWRB)
Republic Act No. 9206 of 2003 Reenact, authorize the President to direct changes in the
(General Appropriation Act) organizational units or key positions in any department or
agency, and require all department/agencies of the Executive
Branch to conduct a comprehensive review of their
respective mandates, missions, objectives, functions,
programs, projects, etc., and to improve government’s
service delivery and productivity.
Republic Act No. 9275 of 2004 Provisions for comprehensive water quality management. It
(Philippine Clean Water Act) also provides the framework for sustainable development to
achieve a policy of economic growth in a manner consistent
with the protection, preservation and revival of the quality of
fresh, brackish and marine waters. The passage of R.A 9275
is also the first attempt to consolidate different fragmented
laws of the Philippines on water resources management and
sanitation.
Executive Order No. 279 of February Instituted reforms in the financing policies for the water
2004 supply and sewerage sector and water service providers;
rationalizing the LWUA’s organizational structure and
transferring it to the Office of the President.
Executive Order No. 366 of October Directing to all Department Secretaries a strategic review of
2004 (Strategic Review of the the operations of the Executive Branch and providing options
Operations of the Executive Branch) and incentives for government employees who may be
affected by the rationalization of the functions and agencies
of the Executive Branch.
Executive Order No. 387 of Transferred LWUA from the Office of the President to
November 2004 DPWH.
Executive Order No. 421 of April 2005 Refocusing LWUA’s functions and organizational structure
as envisioned in EO 279.
Executive Order No. 510 of March Creating River Basin Control Office (RBO) in DENR.
2006 (Creating River Basin Control RBCO has power and function, together with DPWH, to
Office) rationalize the various existing river basin projects such as:
Mt. Pinatubo Hazard Urgent Mitigation, Iloiro Flood
Control, Lower Agusan Flood Control, Bicol River Basin and
Watershed Management, etc., to develop a national master
plan for flood control together with DPWH and National
Disaster Coordinating Council, to rationalize and prioritize
reforestation in watersheds, and to perform other functions as
President and DENR secretary may direct.
ANT-5-2
Annex-T 5.2.1 (1/3) Mandate of Key Government Agencies in Water Resources Management
Line Bureau or Concerned
Unit of Government Responsibility / Concerns Related to Water
Agency
1. National Infrastructure Staff Formulates and approves policies on water resources,
Economic and and coordinate social and development planning as
Development the government central planning body
Authority (NEDA) Regional Development Sets direction of economic and social development in
Councils (RDCs) region through which regional development efforts
are coordinated
Investment Coordination Evaluates/appraises/approves major development
Committee/NEDA Board projects
2. Office of the National Water Resources Coordinates and regulates water activities in the
President (OP) Board (NWRB) country; supervise and regulates operations of water
utilities outside jurisdiction of LWUA and MWSS;
formulates and recommends policies on water
resources
The National Commission on Protects and promotes the interest and well-being of
Indigenous Peoples (NCIP) the Indigenous Cultural Communities/Indigenous
Peoples (ICCs/IPs) with due regard to their beliefs,
customs, traditions and institutions
3. Department of Metropolitan Waterworks and Constructs, maintains and operates
Public Works and Sewerage System (MWSS) domestic/municipal water supply and sewerage
Highways (DPWH) projects in Metro Manila and Contiguous areas
including watershed management
Bureau of Research and Undertakes hydrological survey and data collection
Standards (BRS)
PMO - Major Flood Control Manage the planning, design, construction, operation
Projects (PMO-MFCP) and maintenance of major flood control projects
PMO - Rural Water Supply Manage the planning, design, construction, operation
(PMO-RWS-CARP) and maintenance of foreign-assisted rural water
supply projects
PMO - Small Water Manages the planning, design, construction,
Impounding Projects operation and maintenance of locally-founded and
(PMO-SWIM) devolved to foreign assisted SWIM projects
LGUs
4. Department of National Irrigation Undertakes program-oriented and comprehensive
Agriculture (DA) Administration (NIA) water resources projects for irrigation purposes as
well as concomitant activities such as flood control,
drainage, land reclamation, hydropower
development, watershed management, etc.
Bureau of Soils and Water Undertakes assessment, development and
Management (BSWM) conservation of existing and potential soil and water
sources for agriculture; undertakes cloud seeding
activities
Bureau of Fisheries and Formulates plans for the proper management,
Aquatic Resources (BFAR) accelerated development and proper utilization of
country's fisheries and aquatic resources
5. Department of National Power Corporation Develops electricity power generation facilities
Energy (DOE) (NPCOR/NPC) including hydroelectric and geothermal power;
constructs dams, reservoirs, diversion facilities and
plants and watershed management
National Electrification Promotes, encourages and assists public service
Administration (NEA) entities to achieve service objectives, implements
Office of Energy Affair (OEA) Promotes development of indigenous energy
resources such as mini-hydro projects
ANT-5-3
Agency
6. Department of Environmental Management Formulates environment quality standards for water,
Environment and Bureau (EMB) air, land, noise and radiation; approves environmental
Natural Resources impact statements and issues Environmental
(DENR) Compliance Certificate
Mines and Geo-Science Bureau Manages, develops and conserves the country's
(MGSB) mineral resources; monitors and maps groundwater
resources
Forest Management Bureau Formulates and recommends policies and programs
(FMB) for the effective protection, development,
management and conservation of forest lands and
watersheds
Protected Areas and Wildlife Undertakes the protection and conservation of natural
Bureau (PAWB) wetlands such as lakes, marshes, swamps, etc.
National Mapping and Responsible for integrated surveys, mapping,

Resources Inventory Authority charting, oceanography, land classification, aerial
(NAMRIA) photography, remote sensing, etc.
Laguna Lake Development Responsible for regional water resources
Authority (LLDA) development and management in the Laguna Lake
catchment area
7. Department of Environmental Health Service Responsible for water supply and sanitation programs
Health (DOH) (EHS) and strategies to forestall environment-related
diseases
Bureau of Research Monitors quality drinking water
Laboratories (BRL)
Local Water Utilities Specialized lending institution for promoting,
Administration (LWUA) developing, regulating and financing water utilities,
excluding Metro Manila
8. Department of Philippine Atmospheric, Disseminates atmospheric, geophysical and
Science and Geophysical and Astronomical astronomical data for use by economic sectors, the
Technology Services Administration scientific and engineering communities, and the
(DST) (PAGASA) general public
Philippine Council for Formulates national agriculture, forestry, and natural
Agriculture, Forestry and resources research and development programs on
Natural Resources Research multi-disciplinary, inter-agency approach for the
and Development various commodities including water resources
(PCAFNRRD)
9. Department of Water Supply and Sanitation Supports the provision of water supply and sanitation
Interior and Local Program Management Office services by local government units (LGUs)
Government (DILG) (WSS-PMO)
10. Local Provincial Governments Promotes the development of infrastructure including
Government Units irrigation, water supply, electricity power and roads
(LGUs) Municipal and Barangay Promotes municipal and barangay WS & S,
Governments watershed and other programs
ANT-5-4
Agency
11. Department of Office of Civil Defense (OCD) Monitors safety dams and other water resources
National Defense projects; prepares and supports the general public in
(DND) emergencies
Philippines Air Force (PAF) Undertakes rain enhancement through cloud seeding
12. Department of Philippine Ports Authority Plans, develops, operates and maintains ports and
Transportation and (PPA) port facilities
Communication(DTC)
13. Department of Philippine Tourism Authority Promotes and develops the recreational use of water
Tourism (DOT) (PTA) resources
14. Department of Board of Investment (BOI) Proponent of the CALABARZON integrated area
Trade and Industry study, covering water resources, among other aspects
(DTI)
15. Department of Implements the government's flagship anti - poverty
Social Welfare and project - Kapit - Bisig Laban sa Kahirapan
Development - Comprehensive and Integrated Delivery of Social
(DSWD) Services (KALAHI-CIDSS) which includes water
system construction in priority municipalities
16. Department of Lead implementing agency of Comprehensive
Agrarian Reform Agrarian Reform Program (CARP) and orchestrates
(DAR) the delivery of support service to
farmer-beneficiaries in the KALAHI ARZones,
expanded agrarian reform communities composed of
cluster of contiguous land-reform barangays
Source: Philippine Water Supply Sector Roadmap, 2008-2010 Secretariat’s Report to the INFRACOM such –Committee on
Water Resources, November 2008, pp17-18
ANT-5-5
Annex-T 5.2.2 Key Water Supply Sector Agencies: Delineated Roles and Responsibilities
Agency Roles and Responsibility

NEDA Coordinates the preparation of national development plan and investment programs:
• Formulation of sector policies and strategies
• Monitoring implementation of policies, programs and projects
NWRB Regulation of WSPs including some (consenting) LGU- managed water utilities
• Traffic regulation
• Coverage and service regulation
LGUs i l Government
Based on the Local i f Code,
li i LGUs bear multiple
d j mandates in the sector
such as resources regulation, water supply provision, economic regulation of their
utilities, and planning and implementation of water supply and sanitation programs
• Preparation of water and sanitation master plans
• Monitoring of local water and sanitation coverage and update of sector profile
• Provision of support to water supply providers (WSPs) such as the RWSAs, BWSAs
and cooperative including funding IRA
LWUA Capacity building support to WSPs
• Provision of technical advisory services and financial assistance to water districts
• Provision of technical and institutional support to LGUs and WSPs
• Setting design standards for water supplies operated by water districts and other
WSPs
DILG Capacity building support to LGUs
• Provision of capacity building training to LGUs
• Coordination of LGU master plan preparation
• Provision of information to LGUs on available sector programs and financing
DPWH Provision of technical support to LGUs upon request including implementation of
level I and level II projects
DOF/GFIs Financing support for the water supply sector
• DOF oversees performance of GFIs like DBP, LBP and LWUA
• GFIs (DBP, LBP and LWUA) provides funding for the water supply sector
NAPC-WASCO Coordinates the P3W water supply projects for the 432 municipalities outside of Metro
where people’s access to water supply is below 50 percent, 210 communities within
Metro Manila and 201 municipalities in conflict zone covered by peace agreements
with the RPMP/RPA/ABB (in 2000), CPLA (in 1986) and MNLF (in 1996).
DENR Based on E.O 192 (1987), the DENR serves as lead agency in, among others,
promulgating the (1) rules and regulations for the control of water, air and land
pollution and (2) ambient and effluent standard for water and air quality.
MWSS For water supply and sewerage services in Metro Manila through private water
utilities. It is also serves as the economic regulatory agency in the national capital
region.
Source: PWSS Roadmap Institutional Development Framework Validation Workshop, Richmond Plaza Ortigas Center,
October 13, 2006
ANT-5-6
Annex-T 5.2.3 Institutional Structure of Water Supply and Sanitation
Type of Service DILG DOH DPWH
(Central Agencies) Water Supply & Sanitation PMO LWUA Hospital MWSS Infrastructures PMO-RWS
Regional Health Regional Foreign

Regional Office Metro Manila
Office Office Assisted
Government Owned and Provincial District Rural
(LGUs) WS Projects
Controlled Corporation Hospital Engineer's
Office
Province City/Municipal Barangay
Formal Level of WS Service Rural Urban CPSO

No Access - SSIP/SHH WS
Level 1: Point Source LGUs/CBOs
Level 2: Fixed Communal Faucets LGUs/CBOs
Level 3: Piped Household Connections LGUs/CBOs POs WDs MWCI/MWSI

ANT-5-7
Financing   
Technical Services to LGUs    
- Prioritization of Projects/Programs
- Technical Standards & Guidelines
- Construction, O&M
CBO = Community-Based Organization; PO= Private Operator; SSIP = Small-Scale Independent Provider; SHH = Self-provision by household
CPSO = Central Project Support Office for sewerage and sanitation projects
Annex-T 5.2.4 Institutional Structure of National Government Agencies in Flood Mitigation
AGENCY MANDATE / COVERAGE
ROLES & RESPONSIBILITIES DOST- DOST- REMARKS
DENR DPWH OCD/NDCC DA-NIA DA-BSWM NPC NWRB NEDA NHRC DILG / LGU NGO DCC
PHIVOLCS PAGASA
A. Non-Structural Measures (Reducing Vulnerability)
Harmonization of Hazards / Vulnerability Maps    DENR - MGB
Watershed Management/Reforestation   DENR - FMB
Monitroing, Forecasting and Warning System  

Land Use Zoning and Regulations   
Information Education and Communication Programs        DECS
Evacuation Plan    
B. Structural Measures (Reducing Hazard Magnitude)
Planning, Design, Construction and Maintenance of Flood Control, Sabo     
Structures, Dams, Small Water Impounding Projects & other mitigating Major Flood Dams 15m and SWIP Dam for Multi-purpose Local Drainage
Control Projects above erosion control Dam and river works MMDA, DPWH-
structures incl. evacuation centers MFCP, FCSEC
DPWH-MFCP
Strenthening/Rehabilitation/Maintenance of Existing Structures      RO/DEO
DPWH-MFCP
Updating of Master Plan of Major River Basins    RO/DEO
DPWH-MFCP
Master Plan for Principal and Critical River Basins    RO/DEO
C. Response, Recovery and Development (Mitigating Impacts)
ANT-5-8
Damage and Needs Assessment   

Flood Fighting    
Rescue and Recovery Operations    
Evacuation and Relief Works    
Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Works
-Psycho-social Programs   
-Livelihood Programs   
Resettlement   HLURB
D. Institutional Strengthening
Capacity Building for Agencies and LGUs        
Technical Standards & Guidelines on Planning, Design, Construction and      
Maintenance Dams Dams Dams
Research and Development   

Criteria on Prioritization of Projects / Programs   
Viable Financing Mechanism for Projects / Programs     
Linkages and Networking with Foreign Forecasting Institutions  
Rapid Media-Link System for Near Real Time Dissemination    
Databases on Natural Hazards to Identify Trends     
Source: DENR, River Basin Control Office, "Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan, Executive Summary", 2006, p.77
Annex-T 5.3.1 (1/2) NWRB 2005 Fees and Charges
Pursuant to Executive Order No. 197 series of 2000 and per NWRB Resolution No. 010-0305 dated March 2005,
the National Water Resources Board on its 29th Meeting approved the following fess and charges:
NATURE OF SERVICE APPROVED

RATES* (in Pesos)
A. Application/Filing Fee
1. Water Permit
(a) Municipal 5,000
(b) Irrigation
(1) National/Corporation 5,000
(2) Communal/Individual 500
(c) Power generation 5,000
(d) Fisheries 5,000
(e) Livestock Raising
(1) Backyard
(2) Commercial 1,000
(f) Industrial 3,000
(g) Recreational 5,000
(h) Other Purposes 5,000
5,000
2. Transfer of Water Permit
(a) Municipal 5,000
(b) Irrigation
(1) Communal/Individual 3,000
(2) National Corporation 5,000
(c) Power Generation 5,000
(d) Fisheries 3,000
(e) Livestock Raising
(1) Backyard 1,000
(2) Commercial 3,000
(f) Industrial 5,000
(g) Recreational 5,000
(h) Other Purposes 5,000
3. Registration for Domestic Use 100

4. Registration as Well Driller and Renewal (annual)
(a) Sole Proprietor 1,000
(b) Partnership or Corporation 2,000
5. Certificate of Public Convenience (CPC)/certificate of Public
Convenience and Necessity(CPCN) 3,000
6. Provisional Authority 3,000
7. Extension of CPC/CPCN Validity Renewal 3,000
8. Authority to Increase Capital Stock 2,000
9. Time Extension to Submit Annual Report of Operation 1,500
10. Authority to Charge Water Rate 2,500
11. Protests/Water Use Conflicts 3,000
12. Appeal Fee 1,000
13. Rate Adjustment/Increase 3,000
14. Sale/Transfer/Lease of Water System with CPC/CPCN 2,000
15. Donation of Water System with CPC/CPCN 2,000
16. Authority of Extension of Service 2,000
17. Re-Appraisal/Re-Evaluation of Assets 5,000
ANT-5-9
Annex-T 5.3.1 (2/2) NWRB 2005 Fees and Charges
B. Annual Water Charge
WITHDRAWAL COST/LPS (In Php)
Base Not more than 10 More than 10 lps
CLASSIFICATION Cost lps but not More than 50 lps
(liter / second) exceeding 50 lps
a) Municipal 5,000 5.50 8.50 11.00
b) Fisheries 500 2.75 4.25 5.50
c) Livestock (Backyard/Commercial) 500 2.75 4.25 5.50
d) Irrigation (Communal/Individual) 500 2.75 4.25 5.50
5,000 5.50 8.50 11.00
(National/Corporation) 5,000 2.75 4.25 5.50
e) Power Generation 5,000 10.25 15.80 20.45
f) Industrial 5,000 10.25 15.80 20.45
g) Recreation 5,000 10.25 15.80 20.45
h) Others
NOTE: For declared critical areas in Metro Manila, the following rates shall apply:
a) In area adequately serviced by MWSS concessionaires: 100% of water tariff of the concessionaires
b) In areas not adequately serviced by MWSS concessionaires: 35% of water tariff of the concessionaires
i) Charge for overy extraction for non-critical areas P 3,000 for every 1 lps or fraction thereof over extracted
j) Other Charges
(j-1) Use of Water at its Natural Location for Fish Culture
(j-1-a) For surface area < 15 has. Base Cost of 500 + P110/ha.
(j-1-b) For surface are > 15 has. Base Cost of P500 + P 1,650 for 15 has. Plus P0.65/ha. in excess of 15
has.
k) Waterworks Supervision
(k-1) Supervising /Regulation Fee P0.50 per P100 capital stock subscribed or paid or if no shares have
been issued, of the capital invested, or of the property and equipment,
whichever is higher.
C. Other Charges Approve Rates (in Pesos)

1. Annual Report Form 200
2 Certification Charge
a) Certification for Memorial Parks 3,500
b) Certificate of the Water Availability 1,500
c) Other Technical Certification 1,000
d) Certified photo copy. 50
3. CPC/CPCN Certificate 500
4. Certificate of Compliance 3,500
5. Testing and Sealing Fee of Water Meters 50
D. Penalties
1. Owner
(a) Operation of a system without a CPC/CPCN P5,000 per year reckoned from date of operation or five years whichever
comes first but not to exceed P25,000
(b) Non-payment of Annual Water Charge 50% of due per year or fraction thereof plus additional interest for
delinquency under Sec. 84 of Amended IRR.
(c) Non-submission of Annual Report Form P2,500 per year + P25/day of delay but not to exceed P5,000
(d) Refusal to have meters and tested and sealed Additional 20% of approved testing and sealing fee for water meter
times total active connection per year.
(e) Illegal extraction of groundwater More than P800 but not exceeding P1,000 per day of violation
2. Well Drillers
(a) Drilling without Permit to Drill 20,000 (1st offense)
30,000 (2nd offense)
Revocation and Registration (3rd offense)
(b) Non-registered well drillers 50,000
E. Penalty for Delinquency (Sec. 84 of the Amended IRR)

Where the penalty imposed is a fine, additional penalty interest equivalent to 2% per month of delay or a fraction thereof until fully
paid shall be charged.
UNANIMOUSLY ADOPTED AT THE 29TH MEETING OF THE NATIONAL WATER RESOURCES BOARD ON MARCH 21, 2005.
MICHAEL T. DEFENSOR, Chairman, National Water Resources Board, Republic of Philippines
ANT-5-10
Annex-T 6.7.1 Evaluation of Water Usage Condition for Groundwater Source
GWP_H GWP_L Demand GWP_H GWP_L Demand
Area Demand for Level for Level for Level Demand for Level for Level for Level
inside for other 2&3 and 2&3 and 2&3 and for other 2&3 and 2&3 and 2&3 and Evalu-
Total GWP_H GWP_L SWE_H SWE_L Evalu-
the
CityM un Province Area Ratio uses in Industrial Industrial Industrial uses in Industrial Industrial Industrial ation in ation in
Study use in use in use in use in use in
(km2) 2008 use in 2025 2008 2025
Area 2008 2008 2025 2025 2025
2008
(km2)
(M CM /y) (M CM /y) (M CM /y) (M CM /y) (M CM /y) (M CM /y) (M CM /y) (M CM /y) (M CM /y) (M CM /y) (M CM /y) (M CM /y)
Angat Bulacan 59 53 0.898 10.4 4.3 0.0 0.0 1.0 9.4 3.4 1.6 1.5 8.9 2.8 2.4
Baliuag Bulacan 44 44 1.000 8.7 3.6 0.0 0.0 1.7 7.0 1.9 5.4 1.8 6.9 1.8 10.9 R HR
Bulacan Bulacan 69 11 0.161 2.6 1.1 2.6 1.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.7 HR HR
Bustos Bulacan 40 18 0.438 3.7 1.5 0.0 0.0 0.3 3.4 1.3 1.1 0.5 3.2 1.1 1.6 R
Calumpit Bulacan 47 47 1.000 9.6 4.0 9.1 3.8 0.1 0.6 0.2 6.7 0.0 0.6 0.2 10.5 HR HR
Dona Remedios Trinidad Bulacan 879 854 0.972 44.8 18.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 44.8 18.6 1.0 0.1 44.8 18.6 1.5
Guiguinto Bulacan 25 2 0.066 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.4 HR HR
Hagonoy Bulacan 95 95 1.000 20.0 8.3 20.0 8.3 0.3 0.0 0.0 8.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13.5 HR HR
Malolos City Bulacan 73 73 1.000 16.0 6.7 14.4 6.0 2.7 1.5 0.6 7.7 2.6 1.5 0.6 17.1 HR HR
Norzagaray Bulacan 247 207 0.839 14.5 6.0 0.0 0.0 0.7 13.8 5.4 3.9 1.2 13.3 4.9 5.9 R
Pandi Bulacan 50 1 0.028 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.3 0.1 0.2 R R
Paombong Bulacan 46 46 1.000 9.8 4.1 9.8 4.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 2.9 0.2 0.0 0.0 4.4 HR HR
Plaridel Bulacan 35 20 0.565 4.4 1.8 0.0 0.0 0.4 4.0 1.4 2.8 0.4 4.0 1.5 5.3 R HR
Pulilan Bulacan 44 44 1.000 9.1 3.8 0.0 0.0 2.0 7.2 1.8 0.7 1.9 7.3 1.9 4.9 R
San Ildefonso Bulacan 167 167 1.000 31.1 13.0 0.0 0.0 2.0 29.1 11.0 1.9 3.2 27.9 9.7 2.8
San Miguel Bulacan 236 236 1.000 40.2 16.7 0.0 0.0 2.7 37.5 14.1 4.1 4.3 35.9 12.5 6.2
San Rafael Bulacan 105 105 1.000 20.9 8.7 0.0 0.0 1.6 19.3 7.1 1.4 2.6 18.3 6.1 2.2
Santa Maria Bulacan 79 1 0.010 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.2 R HR
Aliaga Nueva Ecija 92 92 1.000 18.5 7.7 0.0 0.0 1.0 17.5 6.7 1.0 1.1 17.4 6.6 2.4
Bongabon Nueva Ecija 229 225 0.979 25.3 10.5 0.0 0.0 1.0 24.3 9.5 1.0 1.5 23.8 9.0 1.3
Cabanatuan City Nueva Ecija 198 198 1.000 39.9 16.6 0.0 0.0 1.7 38.2 14.9 13.3 1.2 38.8 15.5 21.0 R
Cabiao Nueva Ecija 113 113 1.000 20.5 8.5 0.0 0.0 1.2 19.2 7.3 1.0 1.1 19.4 7.4 3.3
Carranglan Nueva Ecija 739 693 0.937 42.4 17.7 0.0 0.0 0.7 41.7 17.0 0.0 0.8 41.6 16.9 0.6
Gabaldon Nueva Ecija 253 252 0.999 17.9 7.4 0.0 0.0 0.4 17.5 7.1 0.6 0.5 17.4 7.0 1.0
Gapan Nueva Ecija 165 165 1.000 29.2 12.2 0.0 0.0 1.5 27.7 10.6 1.8 1.8 27.4 10.4 4.0
Gen Mamerto Natividad Nueva Ecija 98 98 1.000 19.3 8.0 0.0 0.0 0.6 18.7 7.5 0.5 0.8 18.5 7.2 0.7
General Tinio Nueva Ecija 581 580 0.999 85.1 35.5 0.0 0.0 0.6 84.5 34.9 1.0 2.1 83.0 33.4 1.6
Guimba Nueva Ecija 219 137 0.626 28.0 11.7 0.0 0.0 1.3 26.7 10.3 0.8 1.8 26.2 9.9 1.1
Jaen Nueva Ecija 90 90 1.000 16.5 6.9 0.0 0.0 1.0 15.5 5.9 0.9 1.4 15.1 5.4 1.5
Laur Nueva Ecija 221 221 1.000 33.1 13.8 0.0 0.0 0.4 32.7 13.4 0.6 0.6 32.6 13.2 0.9
Licab Nueva Ecija 60 60 1.000 11.1 4.6 0.0 0.0 0.4 10.7 4.3 0.5 0.5 10.5 4.1 0.6
Llanera Nueva Ecija 114 114 1.000 23.7 9.9 0.0 0.0 0.6 23.1 9.2 0.1 3.5 20.2 6.3 0.3
Lupao Nueva Ecija 143 130 0.909 28.1 11.7 0.0 0.0 1.1 27.0 10.6 0.0 5.0 23.1 6.7 0.1
Science City Of Munoz Nueva Ecija 142 142 1.000 32.7 13.6 0.0 0.0 0.9 31.8 12.8 2.5 1.2 31.5 12.4 3.3
Palayan City Nueva Ecija 136 136 1.000 20.7 8.6 0.0 0.0 0.5 20.2 8.1 0.9 0.7 20.0 7.9 1.1
Pantabangan Nueva Ecija 421 421 1.000 21.9 9.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 21.8 9.0 0.6 14.6 7.3 0.0 0.7 R
Penaranda Nueva Ecija 79 79 1.000 13.9 5.8 0.0 0.0 0.2 13.7 5.6 1.1 0.3 13.6 5.5 1.5
Quezon Nueva Ecija 68 68 1.000 13.6 5.7 0.0 0.0 0.7 12.9 4.9 0.0 3.1 10.5 2.6 0.4
Rizal Nueva Ecija 124 124 1.000 17.2 7.2 0.0 0.0 1.2 16.0 6.0 0.0 1.6 15.6 5.5 0.3
San Antonio Nueva Ecija 157 157 1.000 29.6 12.3 0.0 0.0 1.1 28.5 11.2 1.0 1.5 28.1 10.8 1.6
San Isidro Nueva Ecija 58 58 1.000 10.4 4.3 0.0 0.0 0.6 9.8 3.7 1.3 0.5 9.9 3.8 2.7
San Jose City Nueva Ecija 162 162 1.000 33.4 13.9 0.0 0.0 0.3 33.1 13.6 7.7 0.4 33.1 13.6 10.0
San Leonardo Nueva Ecija 52 52 1.000 10.0 4.1 0.0 0.0 0.7 9.3 3.5 1.7 0.9 9.1 3.3 2.7
Santa Rosa Nueva Ecija 117 117 1.000 21.5 8.9 0.0 0.0 0.7 20.8 8.3 1.6 1.0 20.5 7.9 2.1
Santo Domingo Nueva Ecija 83 83 1.000 17.8 7.4 0.0 0.0 1.0 16.8 6.4 0.3 1.0 16.8 6.4 1.8
Talavera Nueva Ecija 135 135 1.000 30.0 12.5 0.0 0.0 1.5 28.4 11.0 3.0 1.5 28.5 11.0 6.0
Talugtug Nueva Ecija 73 39 0.528 8.8 3.7 0.0 0.0 0.3 8.5 3.4 0.1 1.1 7.7 2.5 0.2
Zaragosa Nueva Ecija 72 72 1.000 12.7 5.3 0.0 0.0 0.7 12.0 4.6 0.4 0.9 11.8 4.4 1.0
Angeles City Pampanga 63 63 1.000 13.3 5.5 0.0 0.0 1.1 12.1 4.4 18.4 0.0 13.3 5.5 29.2 HR HR
Apalit Pampanga 60 60 1.000 12.0 5.0 4.4 1.8 0.8 7.7 3.2 5.8 0.7 7.7 3.2 9.1 R HR
Arayat Pampanga 177 177 1.000 26.1 10.9 0.0 0.0 2.5 23.5 8.3 0.0 3.4 22.6 7.4 0.9
Bacolor Pampanga 74 74 1.000 17.0 7.1 0.0 0.0 0.6 16.4 6.5 0.5 0.7 16.2 6.3 0.8
Candaba Pampanga 208 208 1.000 35.6 14.8 0.0 0.0 1.8 33.7 13.0 1.2 2.7 32.9 12.2 1.5
Floridablanca Pampanga 121 83 0.690 14.9 6.2 0.0 0.0 0.6 14.3 5.6 3.5 0.8 14.1 5.4 4.7
Guagua Pampanga 49 49 1.000 10.4 4.3 1.7 0.7 1.0 8.7 3.3 4.3 1.0 8.7 3.3 7.4 R R
Lubao Pampanga 155 149 0.960 31.4 13.1 16.7 6.9 2.5 14.8 6.2 2.1 6.3 14.8 6.2 3.7
Mabalacat Pampanga 146 140 0.962 21.3 8.9 0.0 0.0 1.2 20.1 7.7 17.7 3.9 17.4 5.0 25.9 R HR
Macabebe Pampanga 102 102 1.000 20.8 8.7 20.8 8.7 0.4 0.0 0.0 3.1 0.6 0.0 0.0 4.1 HR HR
Magalang Pampanga 105 105 1.000 25.5 10.6 0.0 0.0 2.4 23.1 8.2 0.0 4.9 20.6 5.7 3.0
Masantol Pampanga 46 46 1.000 9.4 3.9 9.4 3.9 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.3 0.0 0.0 0.7 HR
Mexico Pampanga 122 122 1.000 27.7 11.5 0.0 0.0 2.5 25.2 9.1 2.1 3.3 24.4 8.3 4.0
Minalin Pampanga 45 45 1.000 9.2 3.8 7.4 3.1 0.5 1.8 0.7 1.2 0.8 1.8 0.7 1.6 R R
Porac Pampanga 293 292 0.995 27.2 11.3 0.0 0.0 1.8 25.3 9.5 1.9 2.8 24.3 8.5 3.9
City Of San Fernando Pampanga 69 69 1.000 15.9 6.6 0.0 0.0 2.8 13.1 3.8 34.9 3.5 12.4 3.1 47.5 HR HR
San Luis Pampanga 55 55 1.000 10.0 4.2 0.0 0.0 1.0 9.0 3.1 0.0 1.2 8.8 3.0 1.1
San Simon Pampanga 60 60 1.000 11.6 4.8 0.0 0.0 0.5 11.1 4.4 1.7 0.7 10.9 4.1 2.2
Santa Ana Pampanga 40 40 1.000 7.7 3.2 0.0 0.0 1.6 6.1 1.6 1.0 2.4 5.4 0.8 2.4 R
Santa Rita Pampanga 23 23 1.000 5.2 2.2 0.0 0.0 0.8 4.4 1.3 0.4 2.6 2.5 0.0 1.9 R
Santo Tomas Pampanga 14 14 1.000 3.0 1.3 1.1 0.4 0.3 2.0 0.8 1.8 0.3 2.0 0.8 2.9 R HR
Sasmuan Pampanga 45 45 0.999 8.9 3.7 8.9 3.7 0.5 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.7 0.1 0.0 0.3 HR
Bamban Tarlac 251 147 0.585 2.2 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.7 1.5 0.2 0.5 2.5 0.0 0.0 1.5 R HR
Capas Tarlac 422 134 0.317 13.0 5.4 0.0 0.0 2.7 10.3 2.7 0.9 8.6 4.4 0.0 1.2 R
Concepcion Tarlac 221 221 1.000 49.9 20.8 0.0 0.0 4.4 45.5 16.4 3.0 12.8 37.1 8.0 4.1
La Paz Tarlac 117 117 1.000 21.8 9.1 0.0 0.0 3.9 17.9 5.2 0.6 5.5 16.3 3.6 1.0
Tarlac City Tarlac 261 132 0.506 28.6 11.9 0.0 0.0 6.4 22.2 5.5 6.6 6.9 21.7 5.0 10.0 R R
Victoria Tarlac 112 83 0.744 16.9 7.0 0.0 0.0 1.5 15.3 5.5 0.4 1.9 15.0 5.1 0.5
Total 10,990 9,890 1,476.3 615.1 126.5 52.7 88.2 1,272.2 484.5 209.2 157.7 1,207.3 430.0 344.1
R=At Risk, HR=At high risk

ANT-6-1
Annex-T 6.7.2 Deficit of Sustainable Local Groundwater Source by Municipality/City
Demand
GWP_H GWP_L GWP_H GWP_L Demand for
for Level
for Level for Level for Level for Level Level 2&3
Area inside 2&3 and Deficit in Deficit in
Total Area 2&3 and 2&3 and 2&3 and 2&3 and and
CityM un Province the Study Ratio Industrial 2008 2025
(km2) Industrial Industrial Industrial Industrial Industrial
Area (km2) use in 2008 use in 2008 use in use in 2025 use in 2025 use in 2025
2008
(M CM /y) (M CM /y) (M CM /y) (M CM /y) (M CM /y) (M CM /y) (M CM /y) (M CM /y)

Angat Bulacan 59 53 0.898 9.4 3.4 1.6 0.0 8.9 2.8 2.4 0.0
Baliuag Bulacan 44 44 1.000 7.0 1.9 5.4 0.0 6.9 1.8 10.9 4.0
Bulacan Bulacan 69 11 0.161 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.7 0.7
Bustos Bulacan 40 18 0.438 3.4 1.3 1.1 0.0 3.2 1.1 1.6 0.0
Calumpit Bulacan 47 47 1.000 0.6 0.2 6.7 6.2 0.6 0.2 10.5 9.9
Dona Remedios Trinidad Bulacan 879 854 0.972 44.8 18.6 1.0 0.0 44.8 18.6 1.5 0.0
Guiguinto Bulacan 25 2 0.066 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.4
Hagonoy Bulacan 95 95 1.000 0.0 0.0 8.0 8.0 0.0 0.0 13.5 13.5
Malolos City Bulacan 73 73 1.000 1.5 0.6 7.7 6.2 1.5 0.6 17.1 15.6
Norzagaray Bulacan 247 207 0.839 13.8 5.4 3.9 0.0 13.3 4.9 5.9 0.0
Pandi Bulacan 50 1 0.028 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.0
Paombong Bulacan 46 46 1.000 0.0 0.0 2.9 2.9 0.0 0.0 4.4 4.4
Plaridel Bulacan 35 20 0.565 4.0 1.4 2.8 0.0 4.0 1.5 5.3 1.2
Pulilan Bulacan 44 44 1.000 7.2 1.8 0.7 0.0 7.3 1.9 4.9 0.0
San Ildefonso Bulacan 167 167 1.000 29.1 11.0 1.9 0.0 27.9 9.7 2.8 0.0
San M iguel Bulacan 236 236 1.000 37.5 14.1 4.1 0.0 35.9 12.5 6.2 0.0
San Rafael Bulacan 105 105 1.000 19.3 7.1 1.4 0.0 18.3 6.1 2.2 0.0
S anta Maria Bulacan 79 1 0.010 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.0
Aliaga Nueva Ecija 92 92 1.000 17.5 6.7 1.0 0.0 17.4 6.6 2.4 0.0
Bongabon Nueva Ecija 229 225 0.979 24.3 9.5 1.0 0.0 23.8 9.0 1.3 0.0
Cabanatuan City Nueva Ecija 198 198 1.000 38.2 14.9 13.3 0.0 38.8 15.5 21.0 0.0
Cabiao Nueva Ecija 113 113 1.000 19.2 7.3 1.0 0.0 19.4 7.4 3.3 0.0
Carranglan Nueva Ecija 739 693 0.937 41.7 17.0 0.0 0.0 41.6 16.9 0.6 0.0
Gabaldon Nueva Ecija 253 252 0.999 17.5 7.1 0.6 0.0 17.4 7.0 1.0 0.0
Gapan Nueva Ecija 165 165 1.000 27.7 10.6 1.8 0.0 27.4 10.4 4.0 0.0
Gen M amerto Natividad Nueva Ecija 98 98 1.000 18.7 7.5 0.5 0.0 18.5 7.2 0.7 0.0
General Tinio Nueva Ecija 581 580 0.999 84.5 34.9 1.0 0.0 83.0 33.4 1.6 0.0
Guimba Nueva Ecija 219 137 0.626 26.7 10.3 0.8 0.0 26.2 9.9 1.1 0.0
Jaen Nueva Ecija 90 90 1.000 15.5 5.9 0.9 0.0 15.1 5.4 1.5 0.0
Laur Nueva Ecija 221 221 1.000 32.7 13.4 0.6 0.0 32.6 13.2 0.9 0.0
Licab Nueva Ecija 60 60 1.000 10.7 4.3 0.5 0.0 10.5 4.1 0.6 0.0
Llanera Nueva Ecija 114 114 1.000 23.1 9.2 0.1 0.0 20.2 6.3 0.3 0.0
Lupao Nueva Ecija 143 130 0.909 27.0 10.6 0.0 0.0 23.1 6.7 0.1 0.0
Science City Of M unoz Nueva Ecija 142 142 1.000 31.8 12.8 2.5 0.0 31.5 12.4 3.3 0.0
Palayan City Nueva Ecija 136 136 1.000 20.2 8.1 0.9 0.0 20.0 7.9 1.1 0.0
Pantabangan Nueva Ecija 421 421 1.000 21.8 9.0 0.6 0.0 7.3 0.0 0.7 0.0
Penaranda Nueva Ecija 79 79 1.000 13.7 5.6 1.1 0.0 13.6 5.5 1.5 0.0
Quezon Nueva Ecija 68 68 1.000 12.9 4.9 0.0 0.0 10.5 2.6 0.4 0.0
Rizal Nueva Ecija 124 124 1.000 16.0 6.0 0.0 0.0 15.6 5.5 0.3 0.0
San Antonio Nueva Ecija 157 157 1.000 28.5 11.2 1.0 0.0 28.1 10.8 1.6 0.0
San Isidro Nueva Ecija 58 58 1.000 9.8 3.7 1.3 0.0 9.9 3.8 2.7 0.0
San Jose City Nueva Ecija 162 162 1.000 33.1 13.6 7.7 0.0 33.1 13.6 10.0 0.0
San Leonardo Nueva Ecija 52 52 1.000 9.3 3.5 1.7 0.0 9.1 3.3 2.7 0.0
Santa Rosa Nueva Ecija 117 117 1.000 20.8 8.3 1.6 0.0 20.5 7.9 2.1 0.0
Santo Domingo Nueva Ecija 83 83 1.000 16.8 6.4 0.3 0.0 16.8 6.4 1.8 0.0
Talavera Nueva Ecija 135 135 1.000 28.4 11.0 3.0 0.0 28.5 11.0 6.0 0.0
Talugtug Nueva Ecija 73 39 0.528 8.5 3.4 0.1 0.0 7.7 2.5 0.2 0.0
Zaragosa Nueva Ecija 72 72 1.000 12.0 4.6 0.4 0.0 11.8 4.4 1.0 0.0
Angeles City Pampanga 63 63 1.000 12.1 4.4 18.4 6.3 13.3 5.5 29.2 15.9
Apalit Pampanga 60 60 1.000 7.7 3.2 5.8 0.0 7.7 3.2 9.1 1.4
Arayat Pampanga 177 177 1.000 23.5 8.3 0.0 0.0 22.6 7.4 0.9 0.0
Bacolor Pampanga 74 74 1.000 16.4 6.5 0.5 0.0 16.2 6.3 0.8 0.0
Candaba Pampanga 208 208 1.000 33.7 13.0 1.2 0.0 32.9 12.2 1.5 0.0
Floridablanca Pampanga 121 83 0.690 14.3 5.6 3.5 0.0 14.1 5.4 4.7 0.0
Guagua Pampanga 49 49 1.000 8.7 3.3 4.3 0.0 8.7 3.3 7.4 0.0
Lubao Pampanga 155 149 0.960 14.8 6.2 2.1 0.0 14.8 6.2 3.7 0.0
Mabalacat Pampanga 146 140 0.962 20.1 7.7 17.7 0.0 17.4 5.0 25.9 8.5
Macabebe Pampanga 102 102 1.000 0.0 0.0 3.1 3.1 0.0 0.0 4.1 4.1
M agalang Pampanga 105 105 1.000 23.1 8.2 0.0 0.0 20.6 5.7 3.0 0.0
Masantol Pampanga 46 46 1.000 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.7 0.7
M exico Pampanga 122 122 1.000 25.2 9.1 2.1 0.0 24.4 8.3 4.0 0.0
M inalin Pampanga 45 45 1.000 1.8 0.7 1.2 0.0 1.8 0.7 1.6 0.0
Porac Pampanga 293 292 0.995 25.3 9.5 1.9 0.0 24.3 8.5 3.9 0.0
City Of S an Fernando Pampanga 69 69 1.000 13.1 3.8 34.9 21.8 12.4 3.1 47.5 35.2
San Luis Pampanga 55 55 1.000 9.0 3.1 0.0 0.0 8.8 3.0 1.1 0.0
San Simon Pampanga 60 60 1.000 11.1 4.4 1.7 0.0 10.9 4.1 2.2 0.0
Santa Ana Pampanga 40 40 1.000 6.1 1.6 1.0 0.0 5.4 0.8 2.4 0.0
Santa Rita Pampanga 23 23 1.000 4.4 1.3 0.4 0.0 2.5 0.0 1.9 0.0
S anto Tomas Pampanga 14 14 1.000 2.0 0.8 1.8 0.0 2.0 0.8 2.9 1.0
S asmuan Pampanga 45 45 0.999 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.3 0.2
Bamban Tarlac 251 147 0.585 1.5 0.2 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.5 1.5
Capas Tarlac 422 134 0.317 10.3 2.7 0.9 0.0 4.4 0.0 1.2 0.0
Concepcion Tarlac 221 221 1.000 45.5 16.4 3.0 0.0 37.1 8.0 4.1 0.0
La Paz Tarlac 117 117 1.000 17.9 5.2 0.6 0.0 16.3 3.6 1.0 0.0
Tarlac City Tarlac 261 132 0.506 22.2 5.5 6.6 0.0 21.7 5.0 10.0 0.0
Victoria Tarlac 112 83 0.744 15.3 5.5 0.4 0.0 15.0 5.1 0.5 0.0
Total 10,990 9,890 1272.2 484.5 209.2 55.1 1207.3 430.0 344.1 118.3
ANT-6-2
Annex-T 7.8.1 (1/3) Scoring Criteria for Evaluation of the Project
Scoring
Point of Evaluation
3 2 1
1 Viability of 1.1 Economic viability The EIRR of the Project is above 15%. The Project is in either of the following cases: The Project is in either of the following cases:
the Project  The EIRR of the Project is in a range of 9 to  The EIRR of the Project is below 9%,
15%,  Any economic evaluation for the Project
 Any economic evaluation of the project has has not been made yet and the project is
not been made but Project is likely to be not likely to be economically viable.
economically viable
1.2 Technical viability Technical viability of the Project has Technical viability of the Project has not been There remain uncertainties in the technical
been confirmed through relevant studies confirmed but no particular technical difficulty viability of the Project.
and/or through previous in executing the project is foreseeable.
implementation.
1.3 Financial affordability The necessary budgetary arrangement The necessary budget arrangement has not Difficulties in budgetary arrangement are
has been made. been made but any difficulties in arranging the foreseeable.
budget are not foreseeable.
1.4 Impacts on natural and The project is not likely to cause any The Project is in either of the following cases: The potential adverse impacts on the natural
social environment significant adverse impact to the natural  The potential adverse impacts on natural and social environment are likely to be serious
and social environment. and social environment could be mitigated and beyond mitigation
 The ecological and social benefits far
ANT-7-1
outweigh the likely adverse impacts

1.5 Adaptation to climate The Project would possess the direct The Project would possess the indirect The Project would hardly possess anyt
change mechanism adaptable to the climate mechanism adaptable to the climate change. mechanism adaptable to the climate change.
change.
2 Enhanced 2.1 Creation of new job The Project would directly contribute to The Project would make an indirect The Project would hardly make any
Livelihood opportunities in the Region creation of the new job opportunities in contribution to creation of the job opportunities contribution to creation of the job
the Region. in the region. opportunities in the region.
2.2 Increase of the income The Project would directly contribute to The Project would make an indirect The Project would hardly make any
levels in the region increase of the income levels in the contribution to increase of the income levels in contribution to increase of income levels in the
Region. the region. region.
2.3 Improvement of livelihood The Project would directly contribute to The Project would make an indirect The Project would hardly make any
for the poor, the indigenous improvement of livelihood for the poor, contribution to improvement of livelihoo for contribution to improvement of livelihood for
peoples, the women-headed the women-headed households, the the poor, the women-headed households, the the poor, the women-headed households, the
households, the out-of-school youths, the handicapped, out-of-school youths, the handicapped, the out-of-school youths, the handicapped, the
out-of-school youths, the the elderly and other vulnerable groups. elderly and other vulnerable groups. elderly and other vulnerable groups.
handicapped, the elderly
and other vulnerable
groups.
2.4 Reduction of the income The Project would directly contribute to The Project would make an indirect The Project would hardly make any
gaps between the urban a reduction in income gaps between contribution to reduction in income gaps contribution to the reduction in income gaps
areas and the rural areas the urban and rural areas between the urban and rural areas. between the urban and rural areas.
Scoring
Point of Evaluation
3 2 1
3 Improved 3.1 Increase of access to safe The Project would directly contribute to The Project would make an indirect The Project would hardly make any
Quality Life drinking water increase of access to safe drinking contribution to increase of access to safe contribution to increase of access to safe
water. drinking water. drinking water.
3.2 Increase of the municipal The Project would directly contribute to The Project would make an indirect The Project would hardly make any
water supply volume increase of the municipal water supply contribution to increase of the municipal water contribution to increase of the municipal water
volume supply volume. supply volume.
3.3 Improvement of sanitary The Project would directly contribute to The Project would make an indirect The Project would hardly make any
and health conditions improvement of the sanitary conditions contribution to the improvement of sanitary contribution to the improvement of sanitary
and/or reduction of water-related conditions and/or reduction of water-related conditions and/or reduction of water-related
diseases. diseases. diseases..
3.4 Mitigation of flood risks The Project would directly reduce risks The Project would make an indirect The Project would hardly make any
and hazards to life and damage to property/assets contribution to the reduction of risks to life and contribution to the reduction of risks to life
due to chronic flooding. damage to property/assets due to chronic and damage to property/assets due to chronic
flooding. flooding.
4 Decentralized 4.1 Development of regional The Project is indispensable to the The Project is not necessarily indispensable to The Project would hardly make any
Development economic centers development of regional economic but could support the development of the contribution to development of the regional
centers. (Typical examples of the regional economic centers centers.
ANT-7-2
Project are such as the bulk water

supply project and the urban flood
control/drainage improvement project.)
4.2 Increase of productivity The Project would directly contribute to The Project would make an indirect The Project would hardly make any
in the Region’s the increase of productivity in the contribution to the increase of productivity in contribution to the increase of productivity in
agriculture, industrial Region’s agriculture, industrial and the Region’s agriculture, industrial and service the Region’s agriculture, industrial and service
and service sectors. service sectors. sectors. sectors.
4.3 Creation of a favorable The Project would directly contribute to The Project would make an indirect The Project would hardly make any
climate for enterprise the creation of a favorable climate for contribution to the creation of a favorable contribution to the creation of a favorable
and private investment in enterprise development and private climate for enterprise development and private climate for enterprise development and private
the Region investments in the Region. investments in the Region. investments in the Region.
4.4 Enhancement of social The Project would directly contribute to The Project would make an indirect The Project would hardly make any
equity in the Region the equitable distribution of access to contribution to the equitable distribution of contribution to the equitable distribution of
the following: access to the following: access to the following:
 economic opportunities  economic opportunities  economic opportunities
 economic goods and services  economic goods and services  economic goods and services
 social services  social services  social services.
Scoring
Point of Evaluation
3 2 1
5 Sustained 5.1 Enhancement of the sustainable The Project would directly The Project would make an indirect contribution The Project would hardly make any
Ecosystem monitoring on the ecosystem contribute to enhancement of the to enhancement of the sustaining monitoring of contribution to enhancement of the
sustaining monitoring of vital vital ecosystems. sustaining monitoring of vital ecosystems.
ecosystems.
5.2 Protection of the ecologically The Project would directly The Project would make an indirect contribution The Project would hardly make any
vulnerable areas contribute to the protection of to the protection of ecologically vulnerable areas. contribution to the protection of ecologically
ecologically vulnerable areas. vulnerable areas .
5.3 Promotion of vegetation in the The Project would directly The Project would make an indirect contribution The Project would hardly make any
watersheds contribute to the increase of the increase of vegetation cover in the contribution to the increase of vegetation
vegetation cover of the watersheds. cover in the watersheds.
watersheds.
5.4 Reduction of potential pollution The Project would directly The Project would make an indirect contribution The Project would hardly make any
loads contribute to the reduction of to the reduction of potential pollution loads. contribution to the reduction of potential
potential pollution loads. pollution loads.
6 Empowered 6.1 Promotion of stakeholder The Project is inherently designed Some of the Project activities would support and The nature of the Project precludes any
People participation in project planning to promote stakeholder encourage stakeholder participation. opportunity for meaningful stakeholder
and execution participation throughout the participation.
ANT-7-3
project cycle.
6.2 Improvement/transfer of The Project is designed to Some of the Project activities would support and The nature of the Project precludes any
knowledge and skills, beliefs facilitate the transfer of skills and encourage the transfer of skills and knowledge as opportunity to transfer of skills and
and attitudes through knowledge as well as promote well as promote changes in beliefs, values and knowledge as well as promote changes in
participatory approaches in changes in beliefs, values and attitudes related to water resource use, protection beliefs, values and attitudes related to water
water-related projects attitudes related to water resource and management. resource use, protection and management.
use, protection and management.
6.3 Promotion of community-based The Project is inherently designed The Project would make a certain indirect The nature of the Project precludes any
activities to promote community-based support to or partly encourage community-based possibility for community-based
activities. activities. undertakings.
6.4 Empowerment of the indigenous The empowerment of such The empowerment of such vulnerable The nature of the Project precludes any
peoples, the women-headed HH, vulnerable stakeholders is inherent stakeholders may be incidental but is not latent meaningful opportunity to empower such
handicapped, the out-of-school in the Project design. in the Project design. vulnerable stakeholders.
youths, the elderly and other
vulnerable stakeholders
Annex-T 9.2.1 (1/16) Project profile for Agricultural Sector
Project Code AI-G-01
Project Title Balog-Balog Multipurpose Project Phase I
Status of Project On-going
Objective Area Tarlac Province
Implementing Agency NIA
Objectives Development of national irrigation system to address water shortage in existing
NISs and CISs
Estimated by Project Proponent for Estimated by Study Team for
Project Cost (Million Pesos) 1999-2010 2011-2025
2,362 as of 2009 236 as of 2009
EIRR (N/A)
Expected Source of Fund GAA*
Expected Implementation Schedule 1999-2010*
Project Description
- Construction of 113m high earth & rock fill dam across Bulsa River to generate electricity & provide year round
irrigation water to service area of 39,150ha.(Phase I & 2)
- Phase I involves rehabilitation of existing systems (TARRIS & SMORIS), raising Tarlac Diversion dam ogee by 1.3m,
construction of irrigation & drainage facilities for an expansion area of 2,200ha, resettlement works, construction of
north main canal, improvement of drainage system.
- Beneficiaries: 7,340 farm-families
- Target area (new): 2,220ha
- Target area (rehabilitation): 10,255ha
Remarks
- *: Estimated and/or proposed by project proponent
- For 2011-2025, 10% of the project cost (236 Mil. Pesos) is considered.
Source of Information
- NIA: Project Briefer (As of September 30, 2009).
- NIA: Indicative Irrigation Development Program, 2010-2019.

Project Title Along-along Creek Irrigation Project (UPRIIS Div3)
Objective Area San Antonio, Nueva Ecija Province
NISs and CISs
250 as of 2009 25 as of 2009
EIRR (N/A)
Project Description
- Construction of check gate, irrigation and drainage facilities to generate additional service area of 2,500ha for UPRIIS
District III, and address inundation problems in some barangays of San Antonio
- Water sources ; Cabungan Creek (New) & Along-Along Creek (Rehab)
- Project works ; (New) Irrigation Canal along Brgy. San Jose
(Rehab) 1) Canal, 2) Raising of embankment, & 3) Dredging
- Beneficiaries: 300 farm-families
Remarks
ANT-9-1
Project Title Repair, Rehabilitation of Existing Groundwater Irrigation Systems, Establishment
of Groundwater Pump Project (REGIP)
Objective Area Bulacan, Nueva Ecija, Pampanga and Tarlac Provinces
Objectives Rehabilitation and development on NIA assisted irrigation system as a regular
program to address water shortage in existing NISs and CISs
333 as of 2009 398 as of 2009
EIRR (N/A)
Expected Implementation Schedule Annual Program, 2010 – 2019*
Project Description
- Rehabilitation/repair and improvement of groundwater pump irrigation projects to sustain the operation of the existing
wells.
- Construction & installation of new deep wells and shallow tube wells nationwide
- Proposed components for 2010-2019 in the study area
- No of system: CIS-29
- Beneficiaries: 4,169 farmer
- Target area: 7,622ha
Remarks
- The project cost estimated is only for inside the study area.
- It is assumed that the project continues till 2025 and the cost for 2020-2025 is equal to that for 2016-2019.
- NIA: Regional Irrigation Development Program, 2010-2019, Region III.

Project Title Balikatan Sagip Patubig Program (BSPP)
58 as of 2009 46 as of 2009
EIRR (N/A)
Project Description
- Rehabilitation program designed to bring back idle and non-functioning CIS into operation & provide irrigation to new
areas. Program promotes participation among national government - DA/NIA, LGU, IAs
- No of system: CIS-9
- Beneficiaries: 764farmer
Remarks
ANT-9-2
Project Title Repair, Rehabilitation, Restoration & Preventive Maintenance of Existing
National & Communal Irrigation Facilities (RRENIS/CIS)
1,579 as of 2009 1,579 as of 2009
EIRR (N/A)
Project Description
- A. Rehabilitation of irrigation facilities and structures of new & existing NIS/CIS
- B. Preventive maintenance of existing irrigation facilities & structures in NIS. Activities include minor repairs of
lining, raising of embankment, grouted rip raping, construction of new canals, clearing & weeding modification of
turn-outs, repair of diversion/irrigation structures, repair of steel gates/flash boards/staff gauges, installation of
reinforcing concrete and repair of transmission lines.
- No of system: NIS-3, CIS-24
- Beneficiaries: 41,105farmer
Remarks

Project Title Restoration/Rehabilitation of Existing NIA Assisted Irrigation System (PRE-NAIS)
Estimated by Project Proponent for
Estimated by Study Team for 2011-2025
Project Cost (Million Pesos) 2010-2019
7,353 as of 2009 8,767 as of 2009
EIRR (N/A)
Project Description
(UPRIIS)
- No of system: NIS-5
(Others in Study Area)
- No of system: NIS-1, CIS-33
- Target area:5,029ha
Remarks
- The estimated project cost by the project proponent is as follows; UPRISS: 6,990Mil. Pesos, Others: 363Mil. Pesos.
- NIA: Regional Irrigation Development Program, 2010-2019, Region III and UPRISS.
ANT-9-3
Project Title Participatory Irrigation Development Project
APL1-Infrastructure Development
Objective Area Bulacan and Pampanga Provinces
Objectives Rehabilitation of NIS to address water shortage in existing NISs and CISs
68.5 as of 2009 41 as of 2009
EIRR (N/A)
Expected Implementation Schedule 2009 – 2013*
Project Description
- Nationwide project
- The project seeks to improve NIA's financial viability through institutional reform & capability building including
better service delivery to farmers; enhance farmers participation & their capability to manage NIS transferred from NIA
to Ias & further narrow the gap between service areas & actual irrigated areas.
- APL1-Infrastructure development: Physical infrastructure improvement (14core A NIS) & sustenance (44core B NIS);
policy instruments & institutional development for improved IMT in O&M (58 NIS under NIMF, 5 pilot CIS under
CIDF); capacity building for IA; organization & financial corporate strengthening.
- APL1-Irrigation Sector Program (NIA-Rationalization Plan), incentives & terminal leaves,
- AMRIS is selected as a project site in the study area.

- Proposed civil works includes; 1) rehabilitation of North and South constant gates, 2) repair and improvement of
control house, 3) construction of measuring device, 4) canal lining, 5) replacement of steel gates, and 6) manual and
mechanized desisting in the canals.
Remarks
- WB: Project Appraisal Document, 2009.

Project Title Rehabilitation of Small Water Impounding Projects / Diversion Dams
Objective Area Nueva Ecija, Bulacan Province
Implementing Agency BSWM
Objectives Development of communal and small scale irrigation system as a regular program
to address water shortage in existing NISs and CISs
25.4 as of 2009 128 as of 2009
EIRR (N/A)
Expected Source of Fund (N/A)
Project Description
- Regular Rehabilitation of small water impounding project
- 7 SWIPs in Nueva Ecija and Bulacan
- Restored area = 235ha
Remarks
- It is assumed that the project continues till 2025 and the annual cost is equal to 25.4Mil Pesos/ 3years (8.5Mil
Pesos/year).
- BSWM
ANT-9-4
Project Title Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program, Irrigation Component (CARP-IC)
Objective Area Bulacan, Nueva Ecija, Pampanga and Tarlac Provinces, covering Agrarian Reform
Communities (ARCs)
Implementing Agency DAR/NIA
Estimated by Project Proponent Estimated by Study Team for
(N/A) 1,020 as of 2009
EIRR (N/A)
Expected Source of Fund GAA / World Bank / JICA*
Expected Implementation Schedule 1993 -*
Project Description
- The program provides facilities necessary to enhance farm productivity and income of CARP beneficiaries.
- The Program involves pre-engineering, construction / rehabilitation of irrigation and drainage facilities, farm roads,
marketing facilities, and institutional development.
- Irrigation component covers development of CIS/CIP and strengthening of the IAs through the irrigation development
projects
Remarks
- According to the previous investment for CARP-IC, 356Mil.Pesos/year has been allocated for CARP-IC for the entire
country. The ratio of the rice production for four provinces (Nueva Ecija, Pampanga, Tarlac and Bulacan) and that for
the entire country in 2007 is about 0.19, based on the country STAT by Bureau of Agricultural Statistics, DA.
Assuming that necessary budget is proportional to the rice production, it is estimated that 68Mil. Pesos/year would be
necessary for the study area.
- DAR : Agrarian Reform Infrastructure Support Project, Phase-III.
- NIA : CARP-IC Project

Project Title Upper Tabuating SRIP
Objective Area General Tino, Nueva Ecija Province
NISs and CISs
251.7 as of 2009 76 as of 2009
EIRR (N/A)
Project Description
- Construction of a zoned earth fill dam with a height of 25m and a reservoir area of 71.50ha for irrigation, flood control
and aquaculture
- Target area (New): 700ha
Remarks
- NIA : UPRIIS Div-3.
ANT-9-5
Project Code AI-P-01
Project Title Balintingon Reservoir Multipurpose Project (BRMP)
Objective Area Nuva Ecija Province
Implementing Agency Municipality of General Tinio
NISs and CISs
13,591 as of 2009 13,591 as of 2009
EIRR 15.14 %*
Expected Source of Fund Selected Investor*
Project Description
- The project envisions the construction of a 140m high rock fill center-core dam and its appurtenant structures across
Sumacbao River to regulate the discharge of the catchment's area of about 228km2. A reservoir with a storage
capacity of 572MCM would be created. At the toe of the dam on the right abutment, an open type powerhouse
equipped with two Francis type turbines with a capacity of 15MW each would be constructed. These main features,
would be supplemented by a diversion weir (140m long) and new irrigation facilities (109km of main canal, 168km of
laterals and sub-laterals, main and supplementary farm ditches, 210km of drainage channels, and access roads). At
full implementation, the project would serve an area of about 14,900 hectares in the Balintingon area.
- Installed capacity of hydropower plant: 30MW
- Expected generated power: 119.6GWH
Remarks
- Revised ICC form submitted to NEDA in February, 2008
- Resolution No.84-2008: LGU is in partnership with NIA
- Resolution No.85-2008: the BRMP is a public domain of Gen. Tinio
- Resolution No.86-2008: Gen. Tinio to secure financing
- Resolution No.87-2008: Governor of Nueva Ecija to allocate Php0.1billion for social fund for the people displaced in
the project.
- Resolution No.21-2009: Mayer of Gen.Tinio to invite investors to undertake design and secure financing package for
the construction of BRMP
- Invitation for bidding in April, 2009
- Eight investors from China, US showed interest to participate through BOT
- MOA was singed on February 17, 2010 between NIA and Investor (Concordo Pacific Investment Holding Ltd. Inc.) for
“Full Blown Study” to be completed within 120 days
- EO from the president to be able to proceed with the project mobilization. It is expected to be released before the end
of the year.
- The project cost is as follows; Peso: 4,206, Loan: 9,385.
- It is estimated that 800-1,000families would be affected by the project.
- Supplemental Report, Balintingon RMP, Nueva Ecija, 2008 with revised ICC form as of February 2008
- PPT presentation on Balintingon RMP by Municipality of General Tinio.
- Interview by JST.
ANT-9-6
Project Title Balog-Balog Multipurpose Project Phase II
Status of Project Planned
NISs and CISs
16,095 as of 2009 16,095 as of 2009
EIRR 19.09 %*
Expected Source of Fund ODA loan / GAA*
Expected Implementation Schedule 2011- 2019*
Project Description
- Construction of 113m high earth & rock fill dam with storage capacity of 575MCM (effective storage: 525MCM)
across Bulsa River to generate electricity & provide year round irrigation water to service area of 39,150ha as well as
flood control in low-lying areas. The project envisions to provide upland communities to enlarge in inland fish
production on the reservoir.
- Installed capacity of hydropower plant: 43.5MW
- Expected generated power: 89GWH
Remarks
- Updated FS was completed in December 2009
- Submitted to NEDA for evaluation, possible BOT
- The project cost estimated is for Phase II.
- It is estimated that 548faimilies would be affected by the project.
- NIA: Indicative Irrigation Development Program, 2010-2019
- NIA: Project Briefer (As of September 30, 2009).
- Interview by JST
ANT-9-7
Project Title Sector Loan on Rehabilitation of Irrigation Facilities
Objective Area Pampanga Province
222 as of 2009 222 as of 2009
EIRR 28.4 % for all*
Expected Source of Fund JICA / GAA*
Project Description
- Optimization of irrigation potentials of NIS & CIS not covered by PIDP & ISOEIP.
- Involves restoration, rehabilitation, construction of irrigation facilities.
(Study Area)
Rehabilitation of Porac-Gumain NIS of 3,126ha.
In this existing NIS, the irrigable area is devastated during the eruption of Mt. Pinatubo, where lahar and volcanic ash
covered the whole irrigable area by an average of depth of 30cm, and hence drainage canals were totally blocked. As a
result, excess water during rainy season has no place to way out at farm level, which submerge the area or underwater.
This project is essential to resolved all problems prior to Irrigation Management Transfer (IMT) such as squatters, water
usage control, environment awareness, conservation and protection of irrigation and drainage facilities.
- Outline of the Project includes, 1) Construction of civil works for rehabilitation of diversion works, canal system,
drainage system, road, and O&M facilities, and 2) Institutional Strengthening Program
Remarks
- F/S completed
- Total project cost is 10,155Mil. Pesos(Peso:1.523, Loan:8.632)
- The project cost estimated is for Porac-Gumain NIS.
- JICA preparatory study in 2009.
ANT-9-8
Project Title Casecnan Multi-purpose Irrigation & Power Project Irrigation Component Phase II
Objective Area Nueva Ecija Province
NISs and CISs
7,000 as of 2009 7,000 as of 2009
EIRR 28.00%*
Project Description
- Construction of the remaining 33 km Super Diversion Canal (SDC), irrigation facilities to generate 21,000 new service
area & rehabilitation of downstream portion of UPRIIS covering 40,000ha.
- Target area (Rehabilitation): 40,000ha
- Project component of Phase II includes 1) new construction such as extension of SDC, construction of lateral and
sub-lateral canals, drainage canals and related structures in 20,321ha, and 2) rehabilitation / improvement of UPRIIS
area, such as rehabilitation of the PENRIS main and lateral canals, and related structures.
Remarks
- Updated F/S was completed in October 2009
- NIA: Indicative Irrigation Development Program, 2010-2019
- Updated Feasibility Study for the Casecnan Multi-purpose Irrigation & Power Project, Irrigation Component Phase II.

Project Title Procurement of Pumps, Drilling Rigs & Related Equipment
Objectives Development of communal and small scale irrigation system to address water
shortage in existing NISs and CISs
206 as of 2009 206 as of 2009
EIRR (N/A)
Expected Source of Fund Spanish Loan / GAA*
Project Description
- Central Luzon area includes the procurement of
- 1,000 units of centrifugal pumps
- 1 units of trailer mounted rotary/percussion type drilling rigs
- 2 units of resistively machines & electric logger
- back-up spare parts
- 4 units of service vehicles to be used in the identification, resistively, testing, drilling, installation & monitoring
activities of project
- Target area (Rehabilitation): 3,900ha.
Remarks
- for DA, Need evaluation
- Total project cost is 1,028Mil. Pesos (Peso: 321, Loan: 707).
- The project cost estimated is for Region III.
- NIA: Comprehensive Infrastructure Integrated Program, 2007.
ANT-9-9
Project Title Irrigation Water Resources Augmentation Pump Establishment Project
130 as of 2009 130 as of 2009
EIRR (N/A)
Expected Source of Fund ODA loan*
Project Description
- Central Luzon area includes;
- Procurement of 1,330 units of pumps including diesel engines
- Total of 301 units of shallow tube wells
- 1,029 units of surface water pump irrigation to cover an area of 2,360 hectares.
- Beneficiaries: 1,333 farm -families
- Target area (New): 1,437ha
-Target area (Rehabilitation): 924ha
Remarks
- F/S completed
- Total project cost is 973Mil. Pesos (Peso: 422, Loan: 551).

Project Title Appropriate Irrigation Technologies for Enhanced Agricultural Production
Objectives Improvement of irrigation efficiency in the basin as well as improving productivity
with less water
654 as of 2009 654 as of 2009
EIRR (N/A)
Project Description
- Nationwide project(Region III, IV, VI, XI&XII)
- The project involves the use of innovative and appropriate technology including photovoltaic energy in power
generation and drip tape for water dispersion. Irrigation technology to be implemented includes drip sprinkler and flood
irrigation facilitated by solar power.
- Central Luzon area includes the followings.
-Target area (New): 4,000ha
Remarks
- MOA signed with donor
- Total project cost is 3,250Mil. Pesos (Peso:0.650, Loan:2.600).
ANT-9-10
Project Title Central Luzon Groundwater Irrigation Systems Reactivation Project
Objective Area Nueva Ecija and Pampanga Provinces
1,429 as of 2009 1,429 as of 2009
EIRR (N/A)
Project Description
- Construction of 100 deep well pump systems covering 5,000ha; provision of rural water supply in selected barangays;
procurement of equipment
- Target area (New): 5,000ha
Remarks
- F/S completed
- According to NIA RegionIII, the project area in the Casecnan Phase II project should be excluded.
- The project cost estimated is as follows; Peso: 626, Loan: 803.

Project Title Gumain Reservoir Project t
NISs and CISs
13,729 as of 2009 (2,768 as of 1984) 13,729 as of 2009
EIRR (N/A)
Expected Source of Fund ODA loan / GAA
Expected Implementation Schedule 2020 - 2027
Project Description
- Construction of 108m high, zoned embankment dam to store irrigation water to serve irrigation water to serve 11,000ha
of paddy & 5,200ha of sugercane area & augment water supply to 7,900ha in Porac-Gumain & Caulaman RIS.
- Target area : 16,200ha (11,000ha of paddy and 5,200ha of sugercane) including the existing Porac-Gumain &
Caulaman RIS
Remarks
- F/S completed in 1985
- Re-study would be necessary.
ANT-9-11
Project Title Rehabilitation of AMRIS
Objective Area Bulacan Province
983 as of 2009 983 as of 2009
EIRR (N/A)
Expected Implementation Schedule (N/A)
Project Description
- The project, located in Bulacan, Region III, will rehabilitate Bustos, Lower & Upper Maasim Dam to recover the
function of major irrigation facilities in Angat-Maasim RIS.
Remarks
- Proposed project already forwarded by NEDA thru DFA to GOJ for Grant Aid Assistance.
- Implementation plan are under preparation by NIA supported by JICA as of March 2010.
- Interview by JST.

Project Title Construction of Priority Small Scale Irrigation Systems/Small Water Impounding
Projects (SWIP), Small Diversion Dam Projects (SDD)
Implementing Agency DA Region III/LGUs
168.6 as of 2009 (91.5 as of 2002) 168.6 as of 2009
EIRR (N/A)
Project Description
- Bulacan (1SWIP and 2SDD, service area = 125ha)
- Nueva Ecija (1SWIP, service area = 95ha)
- Pampanga (1SWIP and 3SDD, service area = 195ha)
- Tarlac (1SWIP, service area =45ha)
- Nueva Ecija (new construction of 1 DD and rehabilitation of 11 DD and 5 SWIP) proposed by PPDO, Nueva Ecija
Remarks
- D/D completed.
- DA Region III
- PPDO, Nueva Ecija
- Interview by JST
ANT-9-12
Project Code AF-G-01
Project Title Aquaculture Fisheries Development Programs
Implementing Agency BFAR
Objectives Improvement of fishery activities toward sustainable fishery development as a
regular program
Estimated by Project Proponent Estimated by Study Team for 2011-2025
Project Cost (Million Pesos)
(N/A) 450 as of 2009 (total for AF-G-01 to 04)
EIRR (N/A)
Expected Implementation Schedule Annual Program
Project Description
The program includes the following components.
- Support to accredited/registered private and provincial Tilapia Hatcheries.
a) Input assistance, b) Training/consultations, c)Upgrading of bloodstocks,
d) Monitoring of production, e) Strengthening of linkages between hatchery operators
- Seeding of existing communal bodies of water including SFR and SWIP and continuous replenishment of fish stock in
the area.
a) Fingering stocking and dispersal,
b) Water quality monitoring and assessment of inland waters including SWIPs & SFR
- Extension support, education and training services
a) Conduct of training in fisheries, b) Technical assistance & advisory services, c) Establishment of techno-demo
(Stocking of Large-size Tilapia, Culture of Pangasisu, Culture of Saline Tilapia), d) Input assistance on Tilapia-Ulang
Remarks
- Based on the budget allocation for fishery operation in BFAR region III in 2009, it is assumed that the total budget for
the AF-G-01 to 04 is 30Mil. Pesos/year.
- BAFR Central Luzon: Pampanga Priority Plans & Programs, CY2009.

Project Title Comprehensive Regulatory Services
regular program
(N/A) Refer to AF-G-01
EIRR (N/A)
Project Description
The programs includes the following components.
- Fish Health Management & Inspection
a) Residue monitoring and surveillance of feed mills and registered farms for EU accreditation,
b) Aquatic animal disease surveillance, monitoring and control
- Monitoring, control & surveillance (MCS)
a) Deputation of fish warden & fish examiners,
b) Filing of illegal fishing cases & apprehensions,
c) Coordination with law enforcement agencies
- Issuance of regulatory documents
a) FLS,
b) Import and export permits
- Quarantine services
- Diosdado Macapagal International Airport in Clark, Mabalacat, Pampanga
Remarks
ANT-9-13
Project Title Support Projects and Activities
regular program
EIRR (N/A)
Project Description
The programs include the following components.
- Market development services
- Market-matching and consumer information services, b) Participation to Agri-Aqua trade fairs, c) Marketing assistance
- Project and activities on credit facilitation services
- Assistance to fisher folk in accessing agricultural credit & loan (ACEF, QUEDANCOR, Land Bank of Philippines)
- Fisheries post harvest services
- Distribution of post-harvest equipment & machineries such as live tilapia container box and smokehouse
Remarks

Project Title Fisheries Resources Management for Improved and Sustainable Harvest
Objective Area Bulacan Province (Hagonoy, Paombongm, City of Malolos, Bulacan)
Implementing Agency Provincial Government of Bulacan
regular program
EIRR (N/A)
Project Description
Obectives
(1) General:
to ensure the attainment of rationally and properly managed and sustained fisheries and aquatic resources in the coastal
areas
(2) Specific:
a) Design strategies and projects to address issues and problems in resource management
b) Create awareness and generate support from stakeholders towards
Program components
1) Resource inventory, 2) Policy/Regulatory, 3) Capability building, 4) Livelihood support,
5) Resource enhancement, and 6) Public awareness
On-going activities includes;
1) Advocacy to adoption of Municipal Fisheries Ordinance
2) Mangrove Planting
3) Lecture and Film showing
4) Community river clean-up day
Remarks
ANT-9-14
Project Code AI-C-01
Project Title New Construction of Small Scale Irrigation Project under BSWM
Status of Project Conceptual
Implementing Agency BSWM
(N/A) 514 as of 2009
EIRR (N/A)
Project Description
- Construction of small scale irrigation systems consisting of Small Water Impounding Projects (SWIP), Small Diversion
Dam Projects (SDD), Small Farm Reservoir (SFR), Shallow Tube Well (STW) and other rainwater harvesting systems
- The project support the construction of small scale irrigation systems which are not covered by the on-going and planed
projects under BSWM
- Proposed Projects
- Diversion Dam (DD) 18 nos 959ha
- Small Water Impounding Project (SWIP) 24 nos 1,635 ha
- Small Farmers Reservoir (SFR) 4 nos 112 ha
(Total) (46 nos) (2,706 ha)
Remarks
- It is assumed that the project cost is 0.19Mil. Pesos/ha, referring the project cost of AI-P-11.
Required Action to Upgrade to a Proposed Project for Implementation
- F/S level study would be required.
- BSWM

Project Title Introduction of Water Saving Irrigation Technology
Implementing Agency NIA / (DA / PhilRice)
with less water
(N/A) 150 as of 2009
EIRR (N/A)
Expected Implementation Schedule
Project Description
- The program aims at;
- raising water user’s awareness on the importance of technology and promote compulsory adoption by farmers
- minimize water delivery and distribution losses;
- increasing water use efficiency for increased rice production towards water saving at the system level
- saving water from the reservoir to increase cropping intensity thru the adoption of quick turn around or third cropping
- The program components include;
- Trial and research
- Demonstration farm operation
- Training to trainers and technical campaign to IAs
- Monitoring
- Capacity development of IAs
Remarks
- For the project cost, input on technical assistance by foreign expert team (60mil/pesos/year) for 3yeras is considered.
- TOR for the T.A. should be determined.
- Interview by JST to NIA, NIA-JICA Irrigation Association Strengthening Support Project (TCP2) and Phil Rice
ANT-9-15
Project Title Improvement of Monitoring System and Capacity Development for Proper Water
Management in NISs and CISs
Objective Area Bulacan and Pampanga Provinces
with less water
(N/A) 150 as of 2009
EIRR (N/A)
Expected Implementation Schedule
Project Description
The programs include the following components.
- Installation of additional discharge measurement device
- Improvement of discharge monitoring system
- Review of calibration of conversion tables
- Establishment of communication system
- Capacity development
Remarks
- The project cost is roughly estimated by referring the cost for the proposed central operation and monitoring system in
the F/S for Casecnan Project Phase II.

- Basic project components should be studied.
-
ANT-9-16
Annex-T 9.3.1 (1/12) Project profile for Municipal Water Supply, Sanitation and Sewerage Sector
Project Code MW-G-01
Project Title Angat Water Utilization and Aquaduct Improvement Project (AWUAIP) Phase II
Objective Area Bulacan Province and Metro Manila
Implementing Agency MWSS
Objectives Rehabilitation of water conveyance facilities for municipal water supply to address
inadequate water supply source
6,090 of 2009 4,568 as of 2009
EIRR (N/A)
Expected Source of Fund China Loan*
Project Description
- This Project is being considered with the aim of maintaining and optimizing the quantity of raw water delivered daily
from Angat Dam via the Ipo Dam-Bicti-La Mesa Portal System to the water treatment plants. The project can mitigate
the leakage that occurs on some segments of the existing aquaduct No.5 (AQ-5), which was constructed in 1990 and
conveys 2,000MLD of raw water to Metro Manila. The leakage is estimated to be equivalent to about 150MLD.
- This project involves the construction of new aquaduct No.6 and the rehabilitation of existing aquaduct No.5 to secure
the raw water supply from Ipo dam to Metro Manila.
- The Phase II project includes the followings; 1) L=9.9km aquaduct extension including the rehabilitation of existing
AQ-5, and 2) Interconnection works for the six (6) aqueducts and resettlement.
Remarks
- Bidding among the three (3) nominated Chinese contractors was held on July 7, 2009 and the project was awarded to
China International Water & Electric Corp (CWE) having submitted the lowest bid. Contract documentation works is
in progress.
- MWSS has just submitted to DOF its loan application for the project proposed to be funded under the preferential
buyer's credit facility of the Export-Import Bank of China (China Eximbank), hence activities pertaining to loan
application and negotiation is in progress. Once the loan is approved and the loan agreement is signed, then MWSS
can now issue the Notice To Proceed to CWE and the construction works is expected to commence by the 1st quarter of
this year 2010.
- NEDA, in its letter of August 11, 2009 informed MWSS that the Investment Coordination Committee-Cabinet
Committee (ICC=CC) has approved the subject project on August 10, 2009.
- For 2011-2025, 75% of the project cost (4,568Mil. Pesos) is considered.
- MWSS: Summary of Projects & Updates as of 30 September, 2009.
- MWSS: Briefing on the project, available through MWSS web-site.
- Interview by JICA Study Team
ANT-9-17
Project Code MW-P-01
Project Title Rehabilitation of Umiray-Macua Facilities
Status of Project Proposed
Objective Area General Nakar and Bulacan Province
Objectives Rehabilitation of water intake and conveyance facilities for municipal water supply
to address inadequate water supply source
454 as of 2009 454 as of 2009
EIRR (N/A)
Expected Source of Fund Concessionaries*
Project Description
- This project is to ensure the flow of raw water from Umiray River to Angat Reservoir as this contributes 20-30% of the
present water supply. On November 29, 2004, typhoon “Winnie” has caused severe damages to our Umiray-Angat
Transbasin Tunnel and its facilities resulting to the complete stoppage of operation particularly the conveyance of raw
water from the Umiray River to the Angat Reservoir. This damage was recovered by the immediate works.
- This project is for the permanent rehabilitation works which includes the following components;1) Complete restoration
of the access road to tunnel outlet, 2) Construction of permanent RCDG Bridge for the tunnel outlet, 3) Widening of
oxbow channel at the tunnel outlet, 4) Intake structures such as the various mechanical gates; trash rack, waterway
protection works, retaining wall, ogee dam, etc, 5) Rehabilitation of mini-hydro plant, 6) Construction of log arresters,
7) Installation of power/communication cables inside the tunnel, 8) Village/Housing relocation
Remarks
- Updating of cost estimate for bidding was recently completed.
- Processing of the MOA with the municipality of General Nakar, Quezon, is in progress.
- Implementation including bidding process will be done by MWSS but to be funded by the Concessionaries.
- MWSS: Briefing on the project, available through MWSS web-site.

Project Title Sumag River Diversion Project
Objective Area General Nakar Province
Objectives New water resources development for municipal water supply to address inadequate
water supply source
540 as of 2009 540 as of 2009
EIRR (N/A)
Expected Source of Fund Common Purpose Facility (CPF) by Concessionaries*
Project Description
- This project is to tap of the Sumag River in General Nakar, Quezon, originally part of the Umiray-Angat transbasin
project with a supply volume of 188MLD.
- To maximize the potential water transfer from the Umiray-Angat transbasin project, this project is necessary to be
implemented.
Remarks
- Updating of cost estimate already completed.
- This will be funded by the concessionaires through the Common Purpose Facility (CPF) Framework of the Concession
Agreement.
ANT-9-18
Project Title Bulacan Treated Bulk Water Supply Project
Implementing Agency MWSS / Bulacan Government
Objectives Development of bulk water supply system to address inadequate water supply
source as well as to secure safe drinking water
5,500 as of 2009 11,935 as of 2009
EIRR (N/A)
Expected Source of Fund Common Purpose Facility (CPF) by Concessionaries*
Project Description
- This project will address the water supply requirements of the Province of Bulacan through its water district with a total
volume of 230MLD.
- In 2007, MOA between MWSS and provincial government of Bulacan on Bulacan water supply plan was signed.
According to this, MWSS would implement the Bulacan bulk water supply project in three phases.
- The project is the first phase of the entire plan, which involves the construction of water supply facilities, including a
raw aqueduct, a treatment plant, reservoirs, pumping station and primary lines, to cater to the demand of 10
municipalities/cities in Bulacan.
- The concessionaries will convey the raw water to the proposed water-treatment plant. Bulk water after treatment will
then be stored in a reservoir, where it is delivered to the delivery point of each water district of the different
municipalities and cities of Bulacan. The water districts, in turn, will distribute the water to Bulacan residents.
-
Remarks
- MWSS decided to have this project be implemented by Concessionaries under the Common Purpose Facility (CPF)
Framework of the Concession Agreement.
- The annualized unit raw water development cost of 8pesos/ m3 (with discount rate of 10% and lifetime of 50years) is
additionally considered for the estimation of the total project cost.
-
- MWSS: Summary of Projects & Updates as of 15 February, 2009.
-
ANT-9-19
Project Title Metro Clark Bulk Surface Water Project
Objective Area Metro Clark (Angeles City, Mabalacat, Porac in Pampanga Province, Bamban,
Concepcion, Capas in Tarlac Province)
Implementing Agency Clark Development Corporation (CDC)
source
(N/A) 3,527 as of 2009
EIRR (N/A)
Expected Source of Fund CDC with private sector participation*
Project Description
- Water supply project for development of new frontier area in Clark Special Economic Zone, which would provide
20,793m3/day (7.6MCM/year or 0.26m3/s) of municipal water, was proposed in the master plan to develop new area in
Clark Special Economic Zone. The target year is set at 2035 in the master plan. The estimated project cost is
640Mil. Pesos. The potential sites for water resources development are Marimula, Sacobia and Bangut.
- The proposed project has been upgraded into “Metro Clark Bulk Surface Water Project”, as of October 2010, according
to CDC. The upgraded project involves the development of sustainable new surface water sources to supply treated
bulk water to public and private water providers serving Metro Clark as an alternative/supplement to current
groundwater sources and to address current supply gaps and future projected demand. Implementation of the project
(design, financing, construction, operation and maintenance) is proposed for private sector participation.
Remarks
- Feasibility study is on-going under support from International Finance Corporation (IFC), which investigates three
potential sites for water resources development; Marimula, Sacobia and Bangut.
- Because the result of the F/S is not available as of October 2010, it is assumed that the projected deficit of sustainable
groundwater source in Metro Clark (Angeles City, Mabalacat, Porac in Pampanga Province, Bamban, Concepcion,
Capas in Tarlac Province) at 2025 by the present study, which is 0.8m3/s, be supplied through MetroClark Bulk Surface
Water Project.
- It should be noted that it would be necessary to construct storage dams at some of the potential sites for water sources
(Marimula, Sacobia and Bangut) in order to provide municipal water of 0.8m3/s, according to the result of the
preliminary water balance by the study team.
- The estimated project cost assumed the same annualized unit cost for water supply system development used in Bulacan
Treated Bulk Water Supply Project (Code: MW-P-03), i.e. 6.8pesos/m3 (with discount rate of 10% and lifetime of
50years) , and the annualized unit raw water development cost of 8pesos/m3 (with discount rate of 10% and lifetime of
50years).
- CDC: Master Development Plan for 10,684Hectares in the Clark Special Economic Zone, Utilities Requirement
Projections, 2008.
- CDC: Metro Clark Bulk Surface Water Project, 2010.
ANT-9-20
Project Code MW-C-01
Project Title Additional Level 3,2, 1 Facilities towards 2025 in Bulacan
Implementing Agency LWUA/WDs/ LGUs/Private WSPs
Objectives Municipal water supply system development
(N/A) 3,839 as of 2009
EIRR (N/A)
Project Description
- To address the issue on the inadequate water supply, the development of new water supply system for all water service
level for both urban and rural areas are proposed to meet the growing water demand requirement in Bulacan Province.
The new water supply system for level 3 will also include the expansion and rehabilitation of the existing water system
in the respective cities and municipalities. In the present study, the strategy for physical targets on the water service
level ratios is set as follows; increasing with the past trend and additional consideration to level up the municipalities
with low level 3 ratio.
- The estimated additional population to be served toward 2025 is as follows (inside the study area only).
1)Level 1: 140thousand, 2)Level 2: 0, 3)Level 3: 558thoudand.
- These projects also include the soft components addressing the following countermeasures; 1) Utilization of high
technology equipment in development of water system, 2) Carrying out immediate water repairs, provide water meters,
and perform periodic maintenance, 3) Strict implementation/enforcement of laws and penalties on pilferage, 4) Efficient
system operation and maintenance, 5) Quality checked design and well supervised construction, 6) Strict
implementation of well design.
Remarks
- Annual O&M cost for level3 system is estimated at about 10pesos/m3.
- Updated provincial water supply, sanitation and sewerage sector plan should be prepared.

Project Title Additional Level 3,2, 1 Facilities towards 2025 in Pampanga
(N/A) 4,914 as of 2009
EIRR (N/A)
Project Description
level for both urban and rural areas are proposed to meet the growing water demand requirement in Pampanga
Province. The new water supply system for level 3 will also include the expansion and rehabilitation of the existing
water system in the respective cities and municipalities. In the present study, the strategy for physical targets on the
water service level ratios is set as follows; increasing with the past trend and additional consideration to level up the
municipalities with low level 3 ratio.
1)Level 1: 205thousand, 2)Level 2: 3thousand, 3)Level 3: 701thoudand.
Remarks
ANT-9-21
Project Title Additional Level 3,2, 1 Facilities towards 2025 in Nueva Ecija
(N/A) 2,903 as of 2009
EIRR (N/A)
Project Description
level for both urban and rural areas are proposed to meet the growing water demand requirement in Nueva Ecija
Province. The new water supply system for level 3 will also include the expansion and rehabilitation of the existing
water system in the respective cities and municipalities. In the present study, the strategy for physical targets on the
water service level ratios is set as follows; increasing with the past trend and additional consideration to level up the
municipalities with low level 3 ratio.
1)Level 1: 178thousand, 2)Level 2: 22thousand, 3)Level 3: 415thoudand.
Remarks

Project Title Additional Level 3,2, 1 Facilities towards 2025 in Tarlac
(N/A) 559 as of 2009
EIRR (N/A)
Project Description
level for both urban and rural areas are proposed to meet the growing water demand requirement in Tarlac Province.
The new water supply system for level 3 will also include the expansion and rehabilitation of the existing water system
in the respective cities and municipalities. In the present study, the strategy for physical targets on the water service
level ratios is set as follows; increasing with the past trend and additional consideration to level up the municipalities
with low level 3 ratio.
1)Level 1: 72thousand, 2)Level 2: 0, 3)Level 3: 77thoudand.
Remarks
ANT-9-22
Project Title Extended Bulacan Bulk Water Supply Project
Implementing Agency Bulacan Government / (Bulk water supplier has not yet been identified)
(N/A) 16,754 as of 2009
EIRR (N/A)
Project Description
- It is expected that the population of Bulacan would reach to 4 million in 2025 with urban population of 3miliion,
although half of the population is counted outside the study area. It is roughly estimated that the entire Bulacan could
require surface water source with about 6.5m3/s in total in 2025, by assuming the followings; 1) Estimated all deficit for
level 2&3 municipal water use and industrial water use inside the study area would be supplied by surface water source,
2) All water demand for level 2&3 municipal water use and industrial water use outside the study area require surface
water source, and 3) Industrial water demand outside the study area is proportional to level 2&3 municipal water
demand and the proportional coefficient is 12%, which is same as the estimated one for the entire study area. It is
expected that additional 3.8m3/s (6.5-2.7m3/s) of surface water source would be necessary to be prepared toward 2025.
Considering this situation, in the present study, the conceptual project for Extended Bulacan Bulk Water Supply Project
is proposed to emphasize more on preparing necessary surface water source in future.
- The possible surface water sources for Bulacan in future would be almost same for Project for Recovery of Reliability
of Water Supply in Angat-Umiray System (Code: IS-C-02) as follows; 1) Bayabas storage dam, 2) Balintingon storage
dam and conveyance to AMRIS, 3) Upgrading and improvement of irrigation facilities and water management of
AMRIS, 4) Excess water for MWSS from Ipo dam. Among these, option 1) and 3) are conditionally recommended
for Project for Recovery of Reliability of Water Supply in Angat-Umiray System (Code: IS-C-02) in the present study.
Therefore, the remaining options of 2) and 4) would be possible options for the water source for this project.
- The project includes the water resources development as well as the water supply system development with
transmission pipeline and water treatment plant.
Remarks
50years) , and the annualized unit raw water development cost of 8pesos/ m3 (with discount rate of 10% and lifetime of
50years).

- Revision of MWSS master plan, which considers municipal & industrial water demand of Bulacan, is recommended in
order to optimize the water resources distribution in the entire MWSS service area in future. Depending upon the
revision, F/S level study could be required.
ANT-9-23
Project Title Pampanga Bulk Water Supply Project
Implementing Agency Pampanga Government / (Bulk water supplier has not yet been identified)
(N/A) 5,732 as of 2009
EIRR (N/A)
Project Description
- The present study evaluated that the many cities and municipalities in Pampanga province will be at high risk in terms
of sustainable groundwater source, based on the water demand and potential balance of groundwater. In these cities
and municipalities, the groundwater source would be necessary to be converted to either residual groundwater source at
adjacent municipalities/cities or surface water source by 2025. The deficit of sustainable groundwater source is
estimated at 2.1m3/s. The part of the deficit would be supplied through Metro Clark Bulk Surface Water Project
(Code: MW-P-04) covering Metro Clark (Angeles City, Mabalacat, Porac in Pampanga Province, Bamban, Concepcion,
Capas in Tarlac Province). However, there exist no other plans for supplying surface water source to WDs in
Pampanga at this moment. The conceptual project for Pampanga Bulk Water Supply Project is thereby proposed in the
present study.
- The possible surface water sources would be as follows; 1) Residual groundwater at surrounding cities/municipalities,
2) Pampanga river at Cong Dadong dam, 3) Gumain storage dam.
- The project includes the water resources development as well as the water supply system development with
transmission pipeline and water treatment plant.
Remarks
- It is assumed that 0.8m3/s be provided through Metro Clark Bulk Surface Water Project (Code: MW-P-04) and the
remaining 1.3m3/s be supplied through Pampanga Bulk Water Supply Project.
50years) , and the annualized unit raw water development cost of 8pesos/ m3 (with discount rate of 10% and lifetime of
50years).
- Bulk water supplier has not yet been identified. M/P or F/S level study to select the most appropriate water source for
bulk water supply would be required. Although the current agreement between two concessioners and MWSS does
not include the water supply service in Bulacan province, a revision of MWSS water supply master plan, which
considers municipal & industrial water demand of Bulacan, is recommended, in order to optimize the water resources
distribution in Metro Manila and Bulacan in future.
ANT-9-24
Project Code MS-C-01
Project Title Additional Sanitary Facilities towards 2025 in Bulacan
Implementing Agency LGUs
Objectives Development of sanitation facilities to address unsafe water supply
(N/A) 3,676 as of 2009
EIRR (N/A)
Project Description
- The 100% provision of sanitary toilet in the entire service area by year 2025 is recommended to achieve the sector goal
of 100% safe water. The MDGs had targeted that about 90% of the household in the Central Luzon should be able to
access to the safe drinking water by the year 2015. The 2008 sanitary toilet ratio of each city and municipality in the
service area is projected to increase by 10% by the year 2015 and to target the 100% sanitary toilet coverage in the
service area by year 2025.
- The following two types of sanitary toilet are considered; 1) Conventional toilet, 2) EcoSan toilet.
- The estimated additional number of toilet to be installed toward 2025 is as follows (inside the study area only);
1)Conventional: 140thousand, 2) EcoSan: 11thousand
- The project also include the capacity development of implementing agency addressing the following countermeasures;
Social preparation for users.
Remarks
-

Project Title Additional Sanitary Facilities towards 2025 in Pampanga
(N/A) 4,725 as of 2009
EIRR (N/A)
Project Description
1) Conventional: 151thousand, 2) EcoSan: 40thousand
Remarks
-
ANT-9-25
Project Title Additional Sanitary Facilities towards 2025 in Nueva Ecija
(N/A) 3,477 as of 2009
EIRR (N/A)
Project Description
Remarks
-

Project Title Additional Sanitary Facilities towards 2025 in Tarlac
(N/A) 968 as of 2009
EIRR (N/A)
Project Description
Remarks
-
ANT-9-26
Project Code MP-G-01
Project Title Cabanatuan Sewerage System
Objective Area Cabanatuan City
Implementing Agency Cabanatuan City
Objectives Sewerage system development to reduce pollution load to water body
189 as of 2009 (96 as of 2000) 189 as of 2009
EIRR (N/A)
Project Description
- In Cabanatuan City, the sewerage system is designed as combined storm and sewage system with biological STP. The
system is designed to serve 33,085 populations by year 2015, about 12% of the projected urban population. Although
the sewerage pipelines have been completed, the STP has not yet been completed in the Cabanatuan sewerage system.
The STP should be completed as soon as possible.
- The proposed combined sewerage system composed of the followings; 1) drainage / sewer lines, 2) lift stations, 3)
waste water treatment plant with capacity of 8,171m3/day for dry weather flow.
- The proposed biological treatment plant includes anaerobic lagoon and chemical disinfection.
Remarks
- Combined drainage and sewer lines have been started operation.
- Treatment plant has not yet been constructed due to budgetary constraints.
- Cabanatuan City: Water District Development Project, WDDP-USSD, Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) for Cabanatuan
City, Design Report, Vol.I, Main Report, 2003.
Project Code MP-G-02

Project Title Expansion of Clark Sewerage System
Objective Area Clark Special Economic Zone
Implementing Agency Clark Water
Objectives Sewerage system development to reduce pollution load to water body
456 as of 2009 456 as of 2009
EIRR (N/A)
Project Description
- The sewerage system in Clark is presently serving 80% of the Clark area, about 16,280 population and the non domestic
influent of commercial, industrial, government offices and resorts. The current capacity of the STP is 8,023m3/day.
Clark is working on the design for the upgrade of the present WWTP to serve 100% of the Clark Area. There are two
stages to be implemented, the first stage with the capacity of 13,500m3/day will be implemented by June 2010 and the
second stage will be implemented on year2012. The plant is designed at 33,000m3/day for the stage 2 to accommodate
the increasing waste water generation in Clark covering the year 2020 design period.
Remarks
- There is no information on the project cost for the Phase II. The total cost is roughly estimated by assuming the unit
cost of 0.018mil pesos/m3, which is derived from the project cost for the Phase I and the incremental capacity.
-
ANT-9-27
Project Code MP-C-01
Project Title Septage Treatment and Disposal Facility
Objective Area Tarlac Province and 10 selected municipalities and cities (Angeles, San Fernando,
Malolos, Cabanatuan, Tarlac, Hagonoy, Baliuag, Calumpit, Mabalacat and Guagua)
Implementing Agency LWUA/WDs/LGUs/Private WSPs
Objectives Improvement of septage treatment and disposal to reduce pollution load to water
body
(N/A) 510 as of 2009
EIRR (N/A)
Project Description
- The provision of septage treatment and disposal facilities to about 40% of the 2025 urban population of the cities of
Angeles, San Fernando, Malolos, Cabanatua , Tarlac, and the municipalities of Hagonoy, Baliuag, Calumpit, Mabalacat
and Guagua have been proposed as a conceptual project.
- On the septage treatment and disposal facilities, there is an existing sanitary landfill in Kalangitan, Capas, Tarlac which
is being managed by the Clark Waste Management (CWM) and they have the plan to upgrade the facilities to receive
treated and untreated septage for the whole Region III as well as the neighboring regions. The sanitary land is
designed to cater for 25years projected waste generation of the said service area and the facility is about 100hectares in
area. In the present study, it is assumed that this facility will be used for the septage treatment and disposal facilities.
- The capital cost for purchasing truck is considered as the project cost. The O&M cost for collection and tipping fee as
well as the transportation cost for the collected septage is also considered for the possible tariff.
Remarks
- The estimated project cost is for initial purchase of trucks for transportation. The lifetime of the trucks would be
7years.
- The estimated annual O&M cost is 2,934pesos/m3 for septage.
-
ANT-9-28
Annex-T 9.4.1 (1/7) Project profile for Flood and Sediment Disaster Management Sector
Project Code FL-G-01
Project Title Pinatubo Hazard Urgent Mitigation Plan (PHUMP) Phase III Part I
Objective Area 502 km2 covering Pasac river basin including San Fernando City and nine
municipalities Mexico, Santo Tomas, Bacolor, Guagua, San Sasmuan,
Floridablanca, Porac, Santa Rita and Lubao.
Implementing Agency DPWH
Objectives Flood mitigation by new structural measures to address insufficient structural
capacity for flood mitigation
4,700 as of 2009 470 as of 2009
EIRR 19%*
Expected Source of Fund GAA and JICA*
Project Description
This Project aims at mitigating the flood risk along Pasac mainstream and its tributaries such as Porac-Gumain River and
Guagua River through structural measures, which include construction of a diversion channel for Porac-Gumain River,
excavation/dredging of the river channels and rising of the road.
The following components are included:
- Construction of Porac-Gumain Diversion (L=18.7km)
- Construction new bridge (5 bridge)
- Excavation & dredging of main rivers (Porac-Gumain, Dalan Bapor, Lower Guagua, and Pasac River) and local
drainage channels
- Raising of road height of raising road by 1.1m (L=19km)
- Raising of bridges (12 bridges)
-
Remarks
- Resettlement of 40 to 80 families required.
- For 2011-2025, 10% of the project cost (470Mil. Pesos) is considered.
-
- M/P and F/S completed in 1996 and 2002
-
ANT-9-29
Project Title Pinatubo Hazard Urgent Mitigation Plan (PHUMP) Phase III Part II
(Monitoring and Planning of Non-structural Measures and Institutional capacity
Building)
Objective Area 502 km2 covering Pasac river basin including San Fernando City and nine
municipalities Mexico, Santo Tomas, Bacolor, Guagua, San Sasmuan,
Floridablanca, Porac, Santa Rita and Lubao.
Objectives Flood mitigation by new non-structural measures to address increment of flood
damage potential
50 as of 2009 5 as of 2009
EIRR (N/A)
Project Description
This Project is a non-structural component of the PHUMP Phase III, and strengthens the flood mitigation effects achieved by
the above structural component in the PHUMP Phase III Part I. The Project contains the following items as its principal
tasks:
- Watershed management plan for reforestation/agro-forestry, improvement of the upland farming techniques, control for
development of the upland farming activities, capacity building and community-based structural measures (hill-side
works)
- Flood management plan for development of flood hazard map, FFWS/CBFEWS, CDP and community-based structural
measures
- Land use management plan taking the areas vulnerable to flood and soil erosion into account
Remarks
-
- M/P for PHUMP in 1996
- F/S-Phase II for PHUMP in 2002
- PHUMP Phase III Part I (On-going, 2005-2010)
ANT-9-30
Project Title Maintenance and Rehabilitation Works for River Dike and Slope
Objective Area Pampanga river basin
Objectives River channel maintenance and rehabilitation (dike slope protection, dike
rehabilitation, and channel excavation & dredging) of Pampanga Main River
Channel, Rio Chico River and Pasac river system as a regular program
450 as of 2009 679 as of 2009
EIRR (N/A)
Project Description
Most of the existing river dikes, levees, river slope protection and other river structures in Pampanga river basin in
particular were originally constructed more than 40 years ago, and they are seriously damaged at present. Moreover, a
large volume of sediment accumulation in the river channel is now in progress due to the lahar deposit in the eastern area
of Mt. Pinatubo and logging activities in the upper reached of river basin. In order to cope with such degradation of the
river structures as well as river channels, DPWH Region III proposed to rehabilitate the deteriorated dike and river slope
protection of 54km. Of the 54km in total, 28.6km is for the Pampanga main river channel and Rio Chico River. The
remaining 25.4km is for Pasac river system.
Remarks
- It is assumed that the project continues till 2025 and the annual project cost for the maintenance and rehabilitation of
Pampanga main river channel, Rio Chico River is 200Mil.Pesos/7years (28.6Mil.Pesos/year) and the annual project cost
for the maintenance and rehabilitation of Pasac river system is 250Mil.Pesos/15years (16.7Mil.Pesos/year). The
estimated annual project cost is 45.3Mil/ Pesos/year.
Source of Information DPWH Region III

Project Title Flood Forecasting and Warning System Capacity Building Project upon Dam
Release in the Philippines
Objective Area The catchment areas of the following six (6) dams and their vicinities:
- Angat Dam and, Pantabangan Dam in Pampanga river Basin
- Ambuklao Dam and San Roque Dam in Agno river basin
- Magat Dam and Binga Dam in Cagayan river basin
Implementing Agency PAGASA
Objectives Capacity building on the flood forecasting and waning for the appropriate dam
reservoir operation in Pampanga river basin as well as Agno and Cagayan river
basin
600 as of 2009 300 as of 2009
EIRR (N/A)
Project Description
The flood forecasting and warning system (FFWS) for Pampanga river basin was initially established in 1973 by PAGASA
through financial and technical assistance from Government of Japan. The financial assistance from the Government of
Japan was further extended to Pampanga river basin providing with the supplementary facilities and equipment for the
effective reservoir operation of Pantabangan and Angat Dams in 1982. A Japan Grant Aid Project was also undertaken, in
a period from 2007 to 2009, in collaboration with PAGASA as the counterpart agency to upgrade the FFWSs, which have
been constructed through the two projects.
This Project has been just commenced, with duration of 1,200days, immediately after the above upgrading of FFWS in
order to achieve the capacity building on the flood forecasting and waning for the appropriate dam reservoir operation in
Pampanga river basin as well as Agno and Cagayan river basin.
Remarks
- JICA
ANT-9-31
Project Code FL-P-01
Project Title Flood Control Measures in Mt. Pinatubo Devastated Area- Focus on Pasac Delta
Objective Area 573km2 in the drainage area of Abacan River below Mexico Bridge of Gapan-San
Fernando-Olongapo Road, and eastern drainage area of the existing “Tail Dike”
4,320 as of 2009 4,320 as of 2009
EIRR (N/A)
Expected Source of Fund GAA and Export-Import Bank of Korea*
Project Description
This Project has been proposed in 2009 on the premises of the financial and technical assistance from Export-Import Bank
of Korea (Korea Eximbank) and Korea Water Resources Corporation (K-Water). The principal task of this Project is to
increase the channel flow capacity of the existing Pilot Channel from the present 2-year return period to 20-year return
period. The task of the Project is further expanded to repair/rehabilitation of seven sluice gates, which were constructed
along the right bank of Pampanga mainstream through the under mentioned Pampanga Delta Development Project, Flood
Component (PDDP FC) Phase I.
Flood mitigation for Abacan River, San Fernando River and their connecting creeks/drainage channels through the
following works:
- Widening of the existing “Pilot Third River Channel” (22.6km in length from the confluence with Abacan River/ San
Fernando River up to the confluence with the Pasac River) to 60m in the bottom width from the existing bottom width
of 30 to 60m
- Excavation of the Pasac River as an eastern alignment of the Pilot Third River Channel,
- Local drainage improvement connecting the San Fernando River to the Third River and the San Fernando River
excavation (total length:29.6km)
- Key road raising to ensure that transportation routes can be maintained during floods
Remarks
- DPWH
Project Code FL-P-02

Project Title Bacolor Comprehensive Rehabilitation Master Plan
Status of Project Proposed (Draft of M/P has been completed in 2009)
Objective Area Bacolor Municipality covering an area of 74km22
Implementing Agency Bacolor Municipality and DPWH
1,500 as of 2009 1,500 as of 2009
EIRR (N/A)
Project Description
Bacolor Municipality has proposed the draft of the Rehabilitation Master Plan, which aims at rehabilitating and promoting
the growth of the municipality’s physical and socio-economic environments, which were damaged by eruption of Mt.
Pinatubo. The Master Plan includes various flood mitigation projects such as improvement of creeks/drainage,
construction of drainage pumps and construction of diversion channel from Pasig Potrero River to West Mega Dike.
The following components are included.
- Construction of Gugu Ring Dike (7.80km in length)
- Completion of the Unfinished Portion of Gugu Dike (1.00km in length)
- Channel excavation of Gugu Creek and other various creeks (20.00km in length)
- Slope protection of various creeks in Bacolor Municipality (11.00km in length)
- Construction of new drainage canals (47.50km in length)
- Installation of Floodwater Pumps in the southern part of Bacolor (2 units)
- Construction of Diversion Channel for Pasig-Potrero River
Remarks
- Bacolor Comprehensive Rehabilitation Master Plan
ANT-9-32
Project Code FL-C-01
Project Title Flood Mitigation for Pampanga Delta
Objective Area 255 km2 in Pampanga Delta including the municipalities of (a) Macabebe, Apalit
and San Simon in Pampanga Province and (b) Calumpit and Hagonoy in Bulacan
Province
Objectives Flood mitigation for Pampanga Delta along Pampanga mainstream and Labangan
Floodway
(N/A) 5,468 as of 2009
EIRR (N/A)
Project Description
The PDDP FC had aimed at mitigating the flood damage along the downstream of Pampanga by the river channel
improvement, and the PDDP-FC Phase I was completed in 2002. The PDDP FC Phase II was scheduled to follow but has
been differed due to a large number of house resettlements required.
The structural measures adapted in the above PDDP-FC Phase II are the river channel implement by construction of river
bank and channel dredging/excavation. The major hindrance to such river channel improvement is addressed to the
houses densely packed along the river channel, which require a large number of house relocations. In order to cope with
such hindrance, adaptation of an appropriate resettlement plan and/or the alternative flood mitigation measures other than
the construction of river bank would be required to pursue the PDDP-FC Phase I.
Remarks
- The estimated project cost assumed the least cost option among the possible alternatives considered in the study.
- F/S level study would be required to re-study and select optimum measures to mitigate the flood condition based upon
the result of the Phase I project.
- DPWH: Pampanga Delta Development Project (Flood Control Component), Review Study for Phase II, 2003.
- JICA Study Team
ANT-9-33
Project Title Community Based Flood Early Warning System for Provinces of Pampanga, Tarlac
and Neva Ecija
Status of Project Conceived (The CBFEWS for Bulacan Province has been established in 2005, and
that for Pampanga Province is now being examined.)
Objective Area Provinces of Pampanga, Tarlac and Neva Ecija
Implementing Agency Provincial Gov. .of Pampanga, Tarlac and Neva Ecija, and PAGASA
Objectives Development of flood monitoring and dissemination system to address inadequate
information and knowledge relevant to flood mitigation
(N/A) 75 as of 2009
EIRR (N/A)
Expected Source of Fund Budget of Provincial Gov. .of Pampanga, Tarlac and Neva Ecija*
Project Description
The major tasks of the CBFEWS includes (i) establishment of the simple monitoring and communication system managed
by the community for flood warning, (ii) capacity building for the municipal/barangay persons to effectively operate,
maintain and manage the flood warning system and (iii) Information Education Campaign (IEC) for the residents on the
eligible flood evacuation routes/evacuation centers. These tasks would facilitate the participatory approach of the
community to the effective flood warning and evacuation works. Moreover, the tasks would not require the huge cost for
the project implementation.
The following components are included.

- Establishment of the System, which consists of network of rainfall and water level monitoring stations and
communication equipment for data and information transfer,
- Capacity building dot the municipal and/or barangay personnel for operation and management of the System, and
- Information Education Campaign (IEC) for the residents on the CBFEWS
-
Remarks
- Basic project components should be determined, referring the similar project in Bulacan
- JICA Study Team

Project Title Maintenance, Rehabilitation and Improvement for Drainage and Flood Control
Facilities under Jurisdiction of LGUs
Objective Area Provinces of Bulacan, Pampanga, Tarlac and Neva Ecija
Implementing Agency Provincial Gov. .of Bulacan, Pampanga, Tarlac and Neva Ecija
Objectives Maintenance and rehabilitation of drainage and flood control facilities, which are
under jurisdiction of LGUs
(N/A) 3,000 as of 2009
EIRR (N/A)
Expected Source of Fund Budget of LGUs (City/Municipality) and DPWH*
Project Description
The city/municipal governments proposed the master plan called “Medium Term Development Plan 2010-2013”, which
includes the component for maintenance, rehabilitation and improvement of the existing drainage and flood control
facilities under the jurisdictions of city/municipal governments. Implementation period of the said maintenance,
rehabilitation and improvement works is limited to a three-year period of 2010-2013. However, the sustainable
maintenance, rehabilitation and improvement are deemed to be indispensable. From this point of view, a conceptual plan
for the captioned project is worked out assuming that the project shall be implemented as the annual regular program
toward 2025.
Remarks
- JICA Study Team
ANT-9-34
Project Title Integration of Salient Points of IWRM for Pampanga River Basin into School
Curricula
Objective Area Whole Study Area
Implementing Agency Department of Education, Region III
Objectives Education on the subjects related to IWRM for Pampanga river basin through
integration of the salient points of IWRM to the primary and secondary school
curricula
(N/A) 8 as of 2009
EIRR (N/A)
Expected Source of Fund Budget of Department of Education Region III*
Project Description
One of the important issues on IWRM is addressed, in the stakeholder meeting, to improvement of the residents’ awareness
on the water-related management works. Moreover, improvement of public morals is important to refraining of the
unfavorable activities against IWRM such as garbage dumping into the waterways, and encroachment along the river
areas. In order to attain such improvement of public awareness and public morals, the captioned project is worked out.
Remarks
- JICA Study Team
ANT-9-35
Annex-T 9.5.1 (1/16) Project profile for Watershed Management Sector
Project Code WS-G-01
Project Title Forest Protection and Law Enforcement Program (FPLEP)
Objective Area About 1,984km2 of untenured forestlands within PRB, with particular attention to
so called “hotspots” in Pantabangan-Carranglan, Penaranda and DRT-Gen. Tinio
WFRs, Mt. Arayat National Park and O’Donnell Watershed
Implementing Agency DENR 3 - PENRO/CENRO
Objectives To protect untenured forestlands from illegal activities such as timber poaching,
unauthorized resource extraction, encroachment, land conversion and forest fires as
a regular program
(N/A) 39 as of 2009
EIRR (N/A)
Expected Implementation Schedule Continuing*
Project Description
The program is a regular undertaking of the DENR Region III through the respective Provincial/Community ENR Offices. It
involves surveillance, apprehension, confiscation and initiation of legal proceedings against perpetrators of timber poaching
and other illegal forest extraction activities. It includes prevention and management of forest fires by organized and trained
community brigades through Forest Fire Control and Management (FFCM).
The following activities are included.
1) Protection (patrolling and surveillance) of untenured forestlands: 1,984km2
2) Capacity building/ Strengthening of multi-sectoral forest protection councils (MFPC): 10 councils/year
3) Implementation of fire mgt. plan: 3 CENROs/year
4) Support to anti-illegal logging/timber poaching (IEC, Monitoring, Court litigation): 4 provinces/year
5) Vulnerability assessment and geo-hazard mapping: 4 provinces/year
Remarks
- No. of forest rangers deployed (as of 2008): 102
- The allocated budget for 2009 was 2.4mil.pesos/year.
- Unit cost assumed
1) 6.4 pesos/ha/year for Protection (patrolling and surveillance) of untenured forestlands
2) 70,000pesos/council/year for Capacity building/ Strengthening of multi-sectoral forest protection councils (MFPC)
3) 7,000pesos/ CENRO/year for Implementation of fire mgt. plan
4) 50,000pesos/ province/year for Support to anti-illegal logging/timber poaching (IEC, Monitoring, Court litigation)
5) 50,000pesos/ provinces/year for Vulnerability assessment and geo-hazard mapping
- Required annual budget is calculated at 2.59 mil. pesos/year.
- DENR-FMS III
ANT-9-36
Project Title Community Based Forest Management Program (CBFMP)
Objective Area 20.24 km2 of forestlands in Pampanga (Angeles City, Arayat, Magalang, Porac);
Bulacan (DRT); and N. Ecija (Bongabon, Carrangalan. Gabaldon, Gen. Tinio, Laur,
Llanera, Lupao, Pantabangan, Rizal, San Jose City), which are under active
Community-based Forest Management Agreement (CBFMA) tenure.
Implementing Agency DENR- FMS 3 - RCBFMO
Objectives Sustainable forest management through granting of 25-year renewable tenurial
rights and authority to organized forest occupants to manage, develop, protect and
utilize forest resources as a regular program
(N/A) 71 as of 2009
EIRR (N/A)
Expected Implementation Schedule 1999- Continuing*
Project Description
The CBFM program is the national forestry program formulated in 1995, and adopted as the nationwide strategy for
sustainable forest management pursuant to EO 318 of 2004. The activities include: (i) reforestation (675ha), (ii)
agro-forestry (1,349ha), (iii) forest protection (2,024ha), and (iv) livelihood development.
The livelihood development is anchored on agro-forestry, which provides additional income sources from fruit bearing trees
along with the production of forestry seedlings, cash crops (such as vegetables, ginger, coffee, pineapple and cassava),
livestock, poultry, freshwater fish culture, etc.
Remarks
- Tenured Area: 18,150 ha (Tenured area will continue to increase over time as the DENR continues to evaluate and
approve applications for CBFMA under the program.)
- Actual area planted as of 2009: 1,310 ha in 10 years
- Number of Beneficiaries: 40 POs; 3,020 households
- Unit cost assumed
1) 13,500 pesos/ha for reforestation
2) 28,000 pesos/ha for agro-forestry
3) 2,100 pesos/ha for forest protection
4) 490,000 pesos/year for livelihood development
- DENR-FMS III- CBFM Office
ANT-9-37
Project Title Integrated Agro-forestry Development Program (IAFDP or CBFM-CARP)
Objective Area 779 ha in Bongabon, N. Ecija and Norzagaray, Bulacan
Implementing Agency DENR III- FMS (RCBFMO) in partnership with DAR
Objectives To adopt sustainable upland agricultural production through agro-forestry using
CBFM approach, in areas occupied by agrarian reform communities
(N/A) 31 as of 2009
EIRR (N/A)
Expected Source of Fund Dept. of Agrarian Reform (DAR)*
Expected Implementation Schedule 2007- 2015*
Project Description
The IAFD program is a special CBFM program for upland agrarian reform beneficiaries under the Comprehensive Agrarian
Reform Program (CARP). It is being undertaken by the DENR through a Memorandum of Understanding with the
Department of Agrarian Reform (DAR). The DAR provides funding support for agro-forestry and livelihood development
while the DENR provides technical assistance to the POs.
1) Agro-forestry: 779ha
2) Forest protection: 779ha
3) Relocation survey, mapping & monitoring: 779ha
4) Organizational development and stakeholder capability building, Sustenance of livelihood projects, Technical support
Remarks
- Tenured Area : 1,297 ha (CBFM-CARP) in N. Ecija and Bulacan
- Actual Area Planted (as of 2008): 520 ha in 2 years
- Number of Beneficiaries: 2 POs; 79 households
- Unit cost assumed
2) 1,500 pesos/ha for forest protection
3) 2,500 pesos/ha for relocation survey, mapping & monitoring
4) 230,000 pesos/year for other activities
Source of Information:
- DENR-FMS III-CBFM Office
ANT-9-38
Project Title Coastal Resource Management Program (CRMP)
Objective Area 774 ha of mangrove areas in Pampanga and Bulacan
Implementing Agency DENR - PAWZCMS
Objectives To reforest and rehabilitate coastal/mangrove areas as a regular program
(N/A) 37 as of 2009
EIRR (N/A)
Project Description
Through this program, the DENR-PAWCZMS-CMMD will continue to reforest logged over mangrove areas and protect
old-growth mangrove forests within the coast of Bulacan and Pampanga. This lends support to the initiative of the
Operational Plan of the Manila Bay Coastal Strategy which aims to conserve critical marine habitats and biodiversity within
Manila Bay while providing alternative livelihood to fisher folks. The program also involves participatory coastal resource
assessment, mapping, updating of municipal coastal resource database and formulation and implementation of Coastal Zone
and Sea Use Plans.
1) Mangrove reestablishment/rehabilitation of swamp areas (nursery establishment, reforestation, silviculture): 539ha
2) Protection and maintenance of remaining old-growth mangrove forests: 235ha
3) Protection and maintenance of newly established mangrove plantations: 539ha
4) Participatory coastal resource assessment & Preparation and implementation of coastal resource mgt. plans,
establishment of coastal and marine sanctuaries, monitoring, law enforcement and policy support, including
Organizational development: community organization, capacity development, IEC: 6 municipalities
5) Technical support
Remarks
- Area reforested (as of 2008): 85 ha newly planted in 4 years
- Area protected: 170 ha of old-growth mangrove forests in 4 years
- Unit cost assumed
1) 33,000 pesos/ha for mangrove reestablishment/rehabilitation
2) 5,300 pesos/ha for protection and maintenance of remaining old-growth mangrove forests
3) 1,500 pesos/ha for protection and maintenance of newly established mangrove plantations
4) 265,000 pesos/year for participatory coastal resource assessment, etc.
5) 310,000 pesos/year for technical support
- Required annual budget is calculated at 2.45mil. pesos/year.
- DENR-PAWCZMS, 2008/2009.
ANT-9-39
Project Title Protected Area Community Based Resource Management Program (PACBRMP)
Objective Area 168 ha of tenured and untenured areas within priority protected areas in N.Ecija,
Pampanga and Bulacan, subject to the issuance of PACBRMA
Implementing Agency DENR - PAWZCMS
Objectives Sustainable forest management which grants occupants of protected areas 25 year s
of tenure rights and authority to manage, develop, protect and utilize forest
resources within allowable zones of the protected forests by virtue of the issuance of
PACBRMA(a regular program)
(N/A) 13 as of 2009
EIRR (N/A)
Project Description
The program covers the buffer and multiple use zones of priority protected areas and some ancestral domains of indigenous
communities. The main strategy is CBFM with timber establishment in 56ha and agro-forestry in 112ha. It is expected to
provide alternative sources of income to IPs through agro-forestry.
1) Forest plantation development and management (nursery establishment, enrichment planting, ANR, silviculture): 56ha
2) Agro-forestry development (nursery establishment, agro-forestry, crop production: 112ha
3) Protection of old timber stands and newly established plantation: 168ha
5) Organizational development, livelihood development, technical support
Remarks
- Tenured Area: 50 ha, which is part an ancestral domain claim in Mt. Arayat, Pampanga
- One PO with 107 household-members benefited
- Unit cost assumed
1) 13,500 pesos/ha for Forest plantation
3) 1,500 pesos/ha for protection of old timber stands and newly established plantation
4) 600 pesos/ha for relocation survey, mapping & monitoring
5) 490,000 pesos/year for other activities
- DENR - PAWZCMS-CMMD III, 2008/2009.
ANT-9-40
Project Title Private Forest Plantation Development Program (PFPDP)
Objective Area 1,865ha in Pampanga (Porac); Bulacan (DRT, San Miguel) ; and N.Ecija (Laur,
Gabaldon, Gen. Tinio, San Jose, Palyan City, Bongabon) that are covered by various
private forest lease agreements with commercial timber plantation companies and
private individuals
Implementing Agency DENR-FRCD
Objectives Sustainable forest management through granting of tenurial rights and authority to
organized forest occupants to manage, develop, protect and utilize forest resources
as a regular program
(N/A) 93 as of 2009
EIRR (N/A)
Project Description
Private forest plantation development is covered by various forms of forest lease contracts and management agreements with
private companies or individuals, such as IFMA, SIFMA, AFFLA, PFDA, TFLA and FLGMA. The concessionaires plant
commercial species of timber and derive their income from harvested tree stands. The DENR regulates the volume of timber
extraction in accordance with the annual allowable cut (ACC) specified in the lease agreement.
1) Tree plantation development (nursery establishment, timber plantation establishment, agro-forestry: 1,865ha
2) Maintenance of newly established plantations and protection of natural forests/buffer strips: 1,865ha
3) Relocation survey, mapping & monitoring: 1,865ha
4) Monitoring, regulation and capability building, technical support
Remarks
- Tenured Area: 15,539ha of production forests covered by various private forms of forest lease agreements
- Actual Area Planted (as of 2008): 2,917 ha in 26years
- Unit cost assumed
1) 30,000 pesos/ha for tree plantation development
2) 3,000 pesos/ha for maintenance of newly established plantations and protection of natural forests/buffer strips
3) 5,000 pesos/ha for relocation survey, mapping & assessment
4) 1,000,000 pesos/year for other activities
- DENR-FMS III – FRDD
ANT-9-41
Project Title NIA-UPRIIS’s Watershed Management Program
Objective Area Protection: 10,356 ha of the Pantabangan-Carranglan Watershed Forest Reserve
(WFR) under NIA-UPRIIS management; Reforestation: 1500 ha surrounding
Masiway Dam
Implementing Agency NIA-UPRIIS
Objectives To protect, manage, maintain and/or rehabilitate 10,356 ha of the established forests
and agro-forestry plantations in Pantabangan-Carranglan Watershed Forest Reserve
(WFR); Specifically, to rehabilitate 100 ha of denuded forests around Masiway Dam
(N/A) 180 as of 2009
EIRR (N/A)
Expected Source of Fund GAA with financial assistance from EDC *
Project Description
The NIA-UPRIIS co-manages (with the DENR) and derives earnings from the established agro-forestry areas with organized
POs and cooperatives within the 10,356 ha of Pantabangan-Carranglan WFR. Recently, the NIA-UPRIIS started to
rehabilitate and reforest an initial 100 ha of Pantabangan-Masiway watersheds jointly with the Energy Development
Corporation. EDC operates the Masiway dam for hydroelectric power generation. Reforestation efforts will be sustained
until 2025. Under this joint management arrangement, EDC provides funds and technical assistance in the propagation and
use of indigenous species to reforest the denuded areas surrounding the dam. The NIA helps create additional income
sources by hiring locals in contract reforestation.
1) Protection (patrolling, surveillance, monitoring, fire management): 10,356ha
2) Plantation Development (nursery establishment, reforestation, agro-forestry): 1,500ha
3) Maintenance of newly established plantations: 1,500ha
4) Road grading, infra support etc., Maintenance works, Organizational development and stakeholder capability building,
Sustenance of livelihood project, Technical support
Remarks
- Management Area: 10,356 ha of Pantabangan-Carranglan WFR per LOI No. 1002 issued on March 1980 and
subsequent joint Memorandu of Agreement with the NPC
- 100 ha of Pantabangan watershed around Masiway dam for rehabilitation under joint management with EDC
- Unit cost assumed
1) 500 pesos/ha for protection
2) 28,000 pesos/ha for plantation development
3) 2,500 pesos/ha for maintenance of newly established plantation
- NIA-UPRIIS, 2009
ANT-9-42
Project Title NPC’s Watershed Management Program
Objective Area 14,166 ha of Pantabangan-Carranglan WFR in N. Ecija and 55,079 ha of Angat
WFR in Bulacan; Reforestation and silvi-pasture in 1,950ha of these areas
Implementing Agency National Power Corporation
Objectives Primarily, to protect the remaining forest cover and related resources of the two
watershed forest reserves against illegal activities and encroachment; On a limited
scale, to reforest severely denuded areas within the buffer zone of the Angat WFR
(N/A) 107 as of 2009
EIRR (N/A)
Expected Source of Fund Universal Consumers’ Environmental Charge (UCEC)/Universal Levy Fund
(ULF)*
Project Description
The NPC is in charge of the management of the watersheds that support the two hydro-electric dams in the basin through
the Pantabangan Watershed Action Team (PWAT) and Angat Watershed Action Team (AWAT), respectively. Activities are
financed out of the charges collected from power consumers. The NPC’s programs are anchored primarily on forest
protection involving patrolling, surveillance and apprehension of violations in partnership with organized community
volunteers. In Angat WFR, the NPC maintains the strong support of the Armed Forces of the Philippines military contingent.
To strengthen protection, the immediate thrusts include resettlement and livelihood development for forest occupants, which
consist of rattan production, inland fishery and honey bee culture.
In the Pantabangan-Carranglan area of responsibility, the NPC is an active member of the Inter-Agency Task Force together
with the NIA, the DENR, the LGU and the Protected Area Management Board (PAMB), which is now formulating a
comprehensive Forest Land Use Plan (FLUP) with the technical assistance of EcoGov, an environmental NGO. The major
hurdles for PWAT include the management of forest fires, which are rampant in the Pantabangan-Carranglan area, and
protection against illegal activities such as timber poaching, charcoal making and “kaingin” farming. PWAT partners with
universities and colleges to implement livelihood programs for forest occupants, such as handicraft making, mushroom
growing, honey bee culture and charcoal briquette production.
1) Forest protection (patrolling, surveillance, monitoring, apprehension): 69,245ha
2) Reforestation and maintenance of newly established forest: 450ha
3) Silviculture (Assisted Natural Regeneration) and Erosion Control: 1,500ha
4) Maintenance of newly established forests: 1,950ha
5) Resettlement and socio-economic survey: 1,200HH
6) Livelihood development, Stakeholder capability building, IEC and Public Awareness, Monitoring, Research and
Development (Biodiversity/Philippine Eagle conservation Project)
Remarks
- Management Area: 10, 14,166 ha of Pantabangan-Carranglan WFR in N. Ecija per MOA with NIA and 55,079 ha of
Angat WFR in Bulacan per EO 258 of July 1995
- Actual Area Planted (as of 2008): 90 ha of Pantabangan-Carranglan WFR by PWAT and 130 ha of Angat WFR by
AWAT
- Unit cost assumed
1) 60 pesos/ha for forest protection
2) 48,000 pesos/ha for reforestation and maintenance of newly established forest
3) 13,000 pesos/ha for silviculture
4) 1,250 pesos/ha for maintenance of newly established forests
5) 13,000 pesos/HH for resettlement and socio-economic survey
-
- NPC - PWAT and AWAT, 2009.
ANT-9-43
Project Title Integrated Social Forestry (ISF) Projects
Objective Area 1,143ha of the ISF_tenured areas, with initial targets identified in (a) Nueva Ecija:
50 ha of Talavera WS, 50 ha of Aulo-Cabo WS for protection, 200 ha of Carranglan
WS for reforestation; (b) Tarlac: 500 ha of O’Donnell WS for reforestation
Implementing Agency DENR-CENRO and Local Government Units
Objectives Sustainable forest management through granting of 25-year certificates of
stewardship contracts (CSC) to individual households forest occupants to
sustainably manage, develop, protect and utilize forest resources as a regular
program
(N/A) 51 as of 2009
EIRR (N/A)
Expected Source of Fund Internal revenue allotment (IRA) of LGUs and Countrywide Development Funds
(CDF) of congressional district*
Project Description
The implementation of ISF projects has been devolved to LGUs by virtue of RA 9160 or the Local Government Code of
1991. Through the program, the province of N. Ecjia plans to rehabilitate 200 ha of ISF areas within Carranglan watershed.
Tarlac plans to rehabilitate 500 ha of ISF areas in O’Donnell watershed, which is expected to be funded out of the
country-wide development fund.
1) Forest plantation development and management (nursery establishment, enrichment planting, ANR, silviculture): 381ha
2) Agro-forestry Development (nursery establishment, agro-forestry, crop production): 762ha
3) Protection of old plantations and maintenance of newly established plantations: 1,143ha
4) Relocation survey, mapping & monitoring: 1,143ha
5) Organizational development and stakeholder capability building, Sustenance of livelihood project, Technical support
Remarks
- Tenured Area: 12,942 ha
- Actual Area Planted (as of 2008): 100 ha in Talavera and Aulo-Cabo Watersheds
- Number of Beneficiaries: 5,590 households
- Unit cost assumed
1) 13,500 pesos/ha for forest plantation development and management
2) 28,000 pesos/ha for agro-forestry development
3) 1,500 pesos/ha for protection of old plantations and maintenance of newly established plantations
4) 600 pesos/ha for relocation survey, mapping & monitoring
- DENR-FMS III-CBFM Office, 2009.
ANT-9-44
Project Title Private Sector WM initiatives
Objective Area Reforestation of 735 ha of denuded protection forests within Pampanga and Bulacan
Implementing Agency Private sector
Objectives To rehabilitate “adopted” watersheds forest areas through reforestation and
protection in partnership with the DENR as a regular program
(N/A) 32 as of 2009
EIRR (N/A)
Expected Source of Fund Private sector*
Project Description
The private sector is a potent partner and would be fully harnessed in DENR’s “Adopt-a-Watershed Program”. Efforts will
extend beyond the usual tree planting activities in watersheds supporting domestic water supply sources. The Clark
Development Corporation (CDC) and Subic-Clark Alliance for Development (SCAD) have plans to undertake
comprehensive watershed management programs in line with the future domestic water supply projects for Clark SEZ. .
Other private companies led by big cement factories like Holcim are active partners in the “Adopt-a-Mountain Program” in
Angat-Maasim watersheds. Meanwhile, the DENR-Manila Water Corp.-Maynilad Water Services partnership is now being
explored to improve forest cover in the Angat watershed areas in order to sustain the domestic water supply of Metro Manila.
1) Forest plantation development (reforestation, nursery establishment and river bank vegetation): 735ha
2) Maintenance of newly established plantations: 735ha
4) Organizational development and stakeholder capability building
Remarks
- The project costs are borne by the private agencies through volunteer work and as part of their social responsibility
agenda.
- Unit cost assumed
- 25,000 pesos/ha for forest plantation development
- 1,500 pesos/ha for Maintenance of newly established plantations
- 600 pesos/ha for relocation survey, mapping & monitoring
- 500,000 pesos/year for other activities
- DENR-FMS III, LGUs, 2009.
ANT-9-45
Project Title Forest Mgt. Program (FMP)
Objective Area 44,600ha Pantabangan-Carranglan and Talavera Watersheds, with 14,133 ha
earmarked for reforestation and agroforestry.
Implementing Agency DENR-FASPO
Objectives To strengthen forest management in partnership with the LGUs and the
communities and to improve the economic conditions of upland dwellers through
sustainable resource utilization.
5,870.64 as of 2009 996 as of 2009
EIRR 20.9%*
Expected Source of Fund JICA Loan*
Project Description
FMP is a 10-year JICA-assisted project in the pipeline and targeted for implementation in 2011. It covers three critical river
basins in the country, namely, Upper Magat-Cagayan River Basin in Region II, Jalaur River Basin in Iloilo and Upper
Pamapanga River Basin. The latter includes 44,600 ha, all of which are inside the study area.
The project components include: (i) physical survey and mapping and socio-economic baseline profiling; (ii) PO formation
and CBFMA acquisition; (iii) PO capacity building; (iv) forest tree plantation, silvi-pasture and agro-forestry with bio-fuel
and soil conservation measures; (v) infrastructure support such as farm-to-market roads, bridges, and pipeline irrigation
system for agro-forestry; (vi) policy initiative (including establishment of cost sharing mechanism and payment for
environmental services); and (vii) monitoring and evaluation.
The total area covered by forest plantation development in Upper Pampamga river basin is 14,133ha. It is assumed that 30%
of the area is covered by reforestation and the rest is covered by agro-forestry.
Remarks
- As of August 2010, the project has been approved by the NEDA-ICC’s Technical Board.
- The estimated project cost by project proponent is for entire project.
- The estimated cost by Study Team is only for Upper Pampanga river basin.
- DENR-FASPO, 2009.
ANT-9-46
Project Title Pampanga River Basin Rehabilitation Program (PRBRP)
Objective Area Protection and maintenance of 500ha out of the newly established areas (2,000 ha)
in Pampanga, Bulacan, N. Ecija and Tarlac
Implementing Agency DENR-FMS 3 - FRCD
Objectives Protection and maintenance of remaining newly established reforestation stands as
part of the uncompleted works under the PRRB
12 as of 2009 12 as of 2009
EIRR (N/A)
Project Description
The PRBRP is a special project undertaken by the DENR-FMS 3 from 2004 to 2008 in response to the spate of flood events
in the basin. It was temporarily shelved in 2009 due to budget constraints. The accomplishments involved reforestation of
4,900 and maintenance and protection of 2,900ha of newly established plantations within the forestlands in Pampanga, N.
Ecija, Bulacan and Tarlac. The PRBP utilized the CBFM beneficiaries who were contracted to undertake the reforestation or
planting activities while DENR provides technical and financial assistance.
For the year 2010-2012, the project will be resumed in order to carry out remaining maintenance and protection activities
involving a backlog of 500 ha out of 2,000 ha of newly established tree plantations.
Remarks
- Undertaken through contract reforestation scheme
- DENR-FMS III- FRCD, 2009.
ANT-9-47
Project Code WS-C-01
Project Title Upland Development Program (UDP)
Objective Area 10,505 ha of severely eroded areas and areas of watersheds supporting O’Donnell
and Porac-Gumain national irrigation systems (NIS) that are not yet covered by any
on-going or proposed watershed rehabilitation program
Implementing Agency DA-Bureau of Soils and Water Management/NIA/DENR/LGUs
Objectives Sustainable upland agricultural production geared at rehabilitating forest cover,
arresting soil erosion and improving water conservation through agro-forestry with
the introduction of appropriate diversified farming systems and sloping agricultural
land technology.
(N/A) 980 as of 2009
EIRR (N/A)
Project Description
The original model of the Upland Development Program was implemented by the Department of Agriculture (DA) in
Mindanao. It aimed to address upland poverty by replacing the widespread practice of slash and burn (“kaingin”) system
with sustainable alternative farm management systems. The concept of this model UDP is sustainable upland agricultural
production using appropriate soil and water conservation strategies such as Sloping Agricultural Technology (SALT) and its
variants in integrated or diversified farming systems anchored on agro-forestry. It gained wide acceptance and proved
successful among upland farmers in Mindanao.
The UDP is conceived as one of the better options for heavily eroded areas with critical (30% or more) slopes and watershed
areas supporting other NIS where any form of management is lacking and where severe soil erosion is a cause for concern.
In the basin, the potential severe erosion areas comprise some 22,114 ha while watershed areas supporting other NIS
(O’Donnell and Porac-Gumain WS) which are not under any management scheme comprise some 60,826 ha. Only 20% of
the former and 10% of the latter, which is 10,505ha in total, are targeted for this project until 2025.
Remarks
- 93,230pesos/ha is assumed for the cost estimation, referring the project cost of UDP in Southern Mindanao
( €18.3million covering 16,000 ha)

- DA-UDP. 2004
ANT-9-48
Project Title Protected Area Mgt. Program (PAMP)
Objective Area 56,147 ha, which comprise the most critical of the initial components of the NIPAS
(protected areas) in terms of conservation of biodiversity, unique ecosystem and
cultural heritage, namely: (i) Biak Na Bato NP, (ii) Minalungao NP; (iii) LT:
DRT-Gen. Tinio WS; (iv) Mt. Arayat NP, and (v) Talavera Watershed Reserve.
Implementing Agency DENR-PAWCZMS
Objectives To formally declare and manage these areas as NIPAS sites through congressional
and executive legislation and establishment of appropriate management
mechanisms
(N/A) 404 as of 2009
EIRR (N/A)
Project Description
The activities will include:

- watershed characterization (basic resource inventory, assessment and mapping; socio-economic surveys);
- designation and ground delineation of management zones;
- policy and institutional support initiation though organization of PAMBs and establishment of IPAF;
- formulation of Protected Area Management Plans and harmonization with ancestral domain plans, forest land use plans
and comprehensive land use plans to address conflicting land use issues
- mechanisms to streamline compliance with FPIC requirements in ancestral domain areas
- initial implementation of priority action plans:
 community-based reforestation through assisted natural regeneration in 5,615ha of degraded forests
 biodiversity and wildlife conservation
 alternative livelihood for forest occupant
 IEC campaigns
Remarks
- It is assumed that 33,000peso/ha is required for community-based reforestation.
- It is estimated that 124mil.pesos is required for other activities.
- It is assumed that 30% of the project cost is required for project management and TA.

- Basic project components as well as TOR for T.A. should be determined.
- DENR-PAWCZMD, 2009.
ANT-9-49
Project Title Urban Greening Program
Objective Area Greening of 7,256ha of urban corridors, including 222 km of highways, river banks,
community parks, school grounds, public plazas and subdivisions in urban areas
Implementing Agency DENR/LGU/Private Sector
Objectives To establish urban tree/forest corridors in strategic locations in each LGU
(N/A) 264 as of 2009
EIRR (N/A)
Expected Source of Fund IRA*
Project Description
Reforestation focusing on strategic urban spaces using appropriate timber and non-timber species to enhance the urban
greening initiatives and provide balance to uncontrolled urban sprawl.
It is expected that 7,256ha in total of urban corridors would be covered by forest..
The LGUs’ active involvement in watershed management through organized tree planting activities in partnership with the
academe, business groups and NGOs will be enhanced. LGUs have the advantage of strong local influence and could
therefore mobilize a critical mass of volunteers and resources from both private and public agencies to launch a full-scale
greening program in their localities. Moreover, owing to LGU’s strong presence in the lowlands rather than the uplands
LGUs could be more effective partners in the watershed management by focusing their efforts in urban greening.
Remarks
- It is assumed that 30,000pesos/ha is required for tree-planting and maintenance.
- 100,000pesos/year is required for organization, monitoring and technical support.

- Basic project components should be determined.
- LGUs, 2009.
ANT-9-50
Project Title Community-based Eco-Tourism Program
Objective Area 10,984ha within Candaba Sawamp, Pantabangan-Carranglan WFR, and
Biak-na-Bato National Park (These areas contain critical habitats and biodiversity
that presents a high potential for eco-tourism development.)
Implementing Agency Department of Tourism, Local Government Units and private sector
Objectives To generate additional income for communities through eco-tourism while
contributing resources and sustaining public support for the protection and
conservation of critical habitats and natural ecosystems
(N/A) 264 as of 2009
EIRR (N/A)
Project Description
Candaba Swamp, Pantabangan-Carranglan WFR and Biak-na-Bato National Park are among the emerging and key potential
ecotourism sites identified by the National Ecotourism Steering Committee. As such these areas are already enjoying tourist
patronage on a limited scale, but there is room for improving the facilities and services to improve tourist traffic.
Eco-tourism thrives on the principle of regulated public access during particular seasons of the year, when for example,
migratory birds and other important species could be the focus of tourist attraction to support conservation. Eco-tourism will
sustain public interest and support to conservation and protection efforts.
There is a huge potential for providing additional income to organized communities through low-impact guided tours, hostel
and restaurant management, trekking and camping services, health and wellness services, sale of souvenir items and the like.
At the same time, funds generated in part could be used to finance reforestation activities.
About 1,098ha will be reforested in phases out of funds generated.
Remarks
- It is assumed that 30,000pesos/ha is required for initial reforestation.
- It is estimated that 167mil. pesos is required for other activities.
- It is assumed that 30% of the project cost is required for project management.

- DOT, NEDA Region III, 2009.
ANT-9-51
Annex-T 9.6.1 (1/6) Project profile for Water-related Environment Management Sector
Project Code WQ-G-01
Project Title Ecological Solid Waste Management Program (ESWMP)
Objective Area All LGUs in the basin
Implementing Agency Local Government Units
Objectives To prevent potential contamination of ground, surface and coastal waters due
to improperly disposed domestic solid wastes as a regular program
(N/A) 192 as of 2009
EIRR (N/A)
Expected Source of Fund LGU equity (from 20% Development Fund)*
Project Description
The present activities under the LGUs’ 10-year Ecological Solid Waste Management Plans will be sustained until 2025
at the very least or improved at best. These activities consist primarily of soft measures, such as segregation at source;
waste reduction, recycling and reuse; upgrading of open dumpsites into controlled dumpsites; composting; operation
and maintenance of materials recovery facilities (MRFs).
Besides the LGUs in the province of Tarlac, only seven other LGUs of Pampanga and Bulacan are disposing of their
residual wastes in the Sanitary Landfill (SLF) in Capas, Tarlac. The two (2) smaller SLFs in SJDM City and
Norzagaray are inadequately designed and are therefore operating more as controlled dumpsites until upgraded.
Remarks:
- The 100-ha sanitary landfill in Sitio Kalangitan in Capas, Tarlac has been operating since 2004 but remains
under-utilized. The LGUs plan to establish a common waste transfer station for a cluster of LGUs in order to
overcome financial constraints and thereby optimize access to this facility.
- The project cost is estimated based on budget of Pampanga Province as of 2008.
- DENR-EMB III; LGUs, 2008-2009.

Project Title Industrial Pollution Control Program (IPCP)
Objective Area All industries in the basin that are covered by the Phil. EIS system
Implementing Agency DENR-EMB III
Objectives To control industrial pollution through compliance with regulatory requirements
of the Clean Water Act and the Phil. EIS system and by promoting industrial
self-regulation as a regular program
(N/A) 153 as of 2009
EIRR (N/A)
Project Description
Through the program, the DENR-EMB regulates industrial pollution by way of issuing and monitoring adherence to
Environmental Compliance Certificates (ECC), Discharge Permits and Self Monitoring Reports (SMRs) as well as
pollution adjudication for non-compliant industries.
The agency promotes environmental self-regulation by industries under its twin programs, namely the Revised
Industrial Eco-watch System (RIES) and the Philippine Environmental Partnership Program (PEPP). The former rates
industries in color codes-- i.e., Gold, Silver, Green or Blue to indicate compliance and Red or Black to indicate
non-compliance with the Clean Water Act. The latter provides incentives and rewards for adopting pollution prevention
and cleaner production processes.
Remarks
- The project cost is estimated based on the budget for EMB Region III in 2009.
- DENR-EMB III, 2009.
ANT-9-52
Project Title Sagip-Ilog Project
Objective Area San Fernando River, Angat River, Candaba Swamp
Objectives To clean up waterways of solid wastes, pollutive substances, sediments and
illegal structures as a regular program
(N/A) 11 as of 2009
EIRR (N/A)
Expected Source of Fund IRA of LGUs*
Project Description
The “Sagip-Ilog” Program is a river clean-up drive undertaken by the LGUs in coordination with the DENR. On a
smaller scale, the “Linis Estero” Program involves clean-up of creeks and small waterways.
The Sagip San Fernando River is one of the flagship environmental projects of the City government of San Fernando.
Presently the project involves only clean up activities. Future plans include dredging/desilting, slope protection
works, bank re-vegetation and river park development.
The Sagip-Ilog Angat initiative of the municipality of San Rafael, Bulacan involves inventory of industrial polluters
and clean up activities in partnership with industries and the private sector. The LGU of Candaba for its part initiated
de-silting, clean up activities and advocacy campaigns against waste dumping in Candaba Swamp.
Remarks
- The project cost is estimated based on budget of Pampanga Province in 2008
- LGUs, 2008-2009.
ANT-9-53
Project Code WQ-P-01
Project Title Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) Projects
Objective Area Cluster of six (6) commercial hog farms owned by Star Superior Farms in
Bulacan; Metro Clark Waste Management Corp.’s Sanitary Landfill facility in
Sitio Kalangitan, Capas, Tarlac, (3) Bulacan Engineered Sanitary Landfill in
Bgy. Sto. Crrito, San Jose Del Monte City, Bulacan.
Implementing Agency Private Industries
Objectives To capture/recovery of carbon and other greenhouse gas emissions in order to
generate electricity from wastewater/organic wastes collected from hog farms
and from domestic, commercial and industrial sources, respectively. The
companies will eventually earn by feeding the electricity generated to the
Luzon-Visayas power grid and at the same time trading their carbon credits. The
proceeds can be used to refinance their operations. The companies will earn
additional revenues by feeding the electricity generated to the Luzon-Visayas
power grid and at the same time trading their carbon emission credits. The
proceeds can be used to refinance their operations.
1,036 as of 2009 1,036 as of 2009
EIRR For Metro Clark SLF, 4.93%*
Expected Source of Fund Private sector: For livestock farms, through BOT scheme. For SLFs, the project
implementers will avail of loans through the financing windows of the World
Bank/Land Bank of the Philippines Carbon Finance Support Facility *
Project Description
The two projects identified above consist of wastewater and waste collection, treatment and gas-capture facilities
capable of sequestering methane (along with other greenhouse gases) to produce electricity in commercial quantities.
The three projects have passed DENR’s host country approval and are presently being registered with the CDM
Executive Board in Bonn, Germany as waste-to-energy (methane sequestration and CO2 recovery) projects. The Clark
SLF facility can generate as much as 6.5 MW of electricity, while the Bulacan SLF can generate as much as 5.0 MW of
electricity.
Remarks
- The CDM was established under the Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate
Change. It is designed to assist developed countries to comply with their quantified greenhouse gas (GHG)
emission limitation targets and at the same time help meet developing countries’ sustainable development
objectives through carbon trading.
- The estimated cost does not include the cost for power generation.
- The estimated annual O&M cost is 63Mil.Peoss/year.
- DENR-EMB. Philippine Bio-Sciences Co., Inc., MCWMC. 2009.
ANT-9-54
Project Code WQ-C-01
Project Title Capacity Development to Upgrade WQ Monitoring and Data Management
Program
Objective Area Nine priority water bodies in PRB: Pampanga R., San Fernando/Abacan R.,
Angat R./Labangan FW, Quitangil R., Sapang Balen Cr., Pasac R., Candaba
Swamp, Mouth of Manila Bay
Implementing Agency DENR-EMB III
Objectives To build capacity for upgrading of the WQ and effluent monitoring, regulation
and data management
(N/A) 140 as of 2009
EIRR (N/A)
Project Description
This DENR-EMB III will improve the collection and management of data on water quality by way of:
- Rationalizing the system of water quality/effluent monitoring and compliance
- Thorough inventory and estimation of all pollution sources
- Upgrading its staff and laboratory capability
- Capacity building for WQMA Governing Board, private industries and other stakeholders
- Strengthening regulatory and coordination mechanisms among the DENR-EMB, the LGUs, relevant
agencies and clientele
- Environmental awareness as part of school curriculum; public IEC utilizing multi-media
Remarks
- The project cost is estimated based on DENR-EBM III regional budget for environmental management, pollution
control, research & laboratory as of 2009.
- DENR-EMB III, 2009.

Project Title Capacity Development to Improve Water Quality and Aquaculture Fisheries
Management
Objective Area Fishpond areas in Bulacan and Pampanga
Implementing Agency Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources
Objectives To protect the waters in and surrounding the fishpond areas from eutrophication
(N/A) 48 as of 2009
EIRR (N/A)
Project Description
The project will complement the fisheries projects of the DA-BFAR Region III and the F.I.S.H. program of the
provinces of Pampanga and Bulacan. The program will include assessment and carrying capacity studies, R&D,
advocacy, legislative support, capability building and information management program, which aims to:
- enhance awareness and capability to adopt cleaner aquaculture production technologies
- improve regulatory mechanisms through the issuance of supporting local ordinances pursuant to the
Fisheries Code
- develop and pilot new or emerging low water use-low water quality impact technologies and best
management practices, such as the use of “pro-biotics” for sustainable fisheries production and disease
control, including possible remediation measures for eutrophication, algal bloom and related fish kills and
disease infestation
- develop appropriate indicators and institute water and fisheries resources monitoring and evaluation
systems
Remarks
- DA-BFAR III.
ANT-9-55
Project Title Capacity Development Project to Improve Industry Adoption of Cleaner
Production Options
Objective Area Priority non-compliant SMEs in the basin, by industry type
Implementing Agency DTI/DENR/Private industries
Objectives To build capacity to adopt new and emerging cleaner production management
options and eco-efficient technologies especially among small and
medium-scale enterprises.
(N/A) 60 as of 2009
EIRR (N/A)
Project Description
Participatory assessment, opportunity matching, preparation of industry-specific Action Plans and adoption on pilot
scale of the most eco-efficient and appropriate green industry options through:
- Inventory of non-compliant industries and organization of CP team
- Evaluation of participating industries’ production and environmental management systems
- Needs assessment and priority setting (e.g., vis-à-vis process flow/input-output analysis)
- Institutional, policy, market-based financial support mechanisms
- Preparation of industry-specific Clean Production Manuals
- Training and technology transfer
- IEC and other promotional activities
Remarks
- Cleaner production technologies and management practices already abound in the basin. Examples include
waste-to-energy projects such as bio-gas digesters, “bagasse” as fuels for heating steam turbines, effluent re-use
and recycling into cooling waters, distillery effluents into liquid fertilizer, industrial waste material and
by-products as alternative fuel or alternative raw material for cement processing. The adoptability of these and
other emerging green industry opportunities to non-compliant industries in the basin, particularly SMEs, will be
explored.
- DENR-EMB III. ADB: Clean Energy Applications in Asia and the Pacific, 2006. ADB TA to the Republic of the
Philippines for the Promotion of Cleaner Production, 2002.
ANT-9-56
Project Title Construction of Sanitary Landfills and Support Facilities in Nueva Ecija and
Cluster Waste Transfer Stations in Bulacan and Pampanga
Objective Area (1) Nueva Ecija: Gen. Tinio, Palayan City, San Jose City, Munoz City, Sta.
Rosa; (2) Bulacan: Baliuag, Calumpit, Hagonoy, Mololos City; (3 Pampanga: )
Angeles City, Guagua, Mabalacat, San Fernando City
Objectives To prevent potential contamination of ground, surface and coastal waters due to
improperly disposed domestic solid wastes. The cluster transfer station is
deemed as a less costly alternative to construction of SLF in each LGU.
(N/A) 2,025 as of 2009
EIRR (N/A)
Project Description
Construction of five (5) suitably engineered Sanitary Landfills in N. Ecija and four (4) Transfer Station-cum-Materials
Recovery Facilities (MRFs) for a cluster of LGUs in Bulacan and Pampanga. The Transfer Stations will have adequate
support facilities for sorting, compaction composting, segregation of recyclables and handling of residuals prior to final
disposal. Two complete engineered facilities are now presently operating in the basin and could serve as final disposal
areas of residual wastes from the proposed Transfer Stations. One is the 100-ha Sanitary Landfill in Sitio Kalangitan,
Capas, Tarlac, which started operating in 2006. The other is the newly constructed (2009) 52-ha Bulacan Engineered
Sanitary Landfill in San Jose Del Monte City.
The proposed facilities and coverage population are as follows.

1) Construction of five (5) suitably engineered Sanitary Landfills in N. Ecija
-Provincial sanitary landfill at Gen.Tinio
-Sanitary landfill: Munoz City, San Jose City, Palayan City and St.Rosa
-MRFs etc.: 12 municipalities
-Coverage population: 485,802
2) Construction of four (4) Cluster Transfer Station-cum-Materials Recovery Facilities (MRFs) for a cluster of LGUs
in Bulacan and Pampanga
-Construction of one (1) cluster transfer stations each for: (a) Baliuag and Calumpit, (b) Hagonoy and Malolos
City, (c) Angeles City and Guagua, (d) Mabalacat and San Fernando City
-Coverage population: 2,020,740
Remarks:
- Improved and more efficient segregation, reduction, reuse and recycling at source is prerequisite for these facilities to
function and provide benefits at optimum level. Capability of LGUs to implement these at the local level needs to be
enhanced. Construction of additional satellite MRFs in the barangay and municipal levels may become necessary over
time.
- The LGUs are now assisted by the DENR-EMB in implementing their Ecological Solid Waste Management Plans in
compliance with RA 9003. At present, the LGUs are in various stages of implementing these plans but resources are
extremely inadequate to enable the complete closure of open dumps and construction of Sanitary Landfills.
- The project cost for SLF in N. Ecija is based on the Province’s MTD as of 2009. The annual O&M cost for the SLF
in N. Ecija is assumed to be 10.9% of the initial investment cost, referring to similar project, which resulted in
estimated per capita cost of 45pesos/person/year.
- The annual O&M cost for the cluster waste transfer stations and final disposal is estimated at 161pesos/person/year.
- DENR-EMB III; LGUs, 2009. JICA Master Plan on Solid Waste Management for Boracay Island and Malay
Municipality, 2008.
ANT-9-57
Annex-T 9.7.1 (1/4) Project profile for Inter-Sector for Water Resources Management Sector
Project Code IS-C-01
Project Title Establishment of Comprehensive Groundwater Monitoring in Pampanga River
Basin
Objective Area Entire Pampanga river basin
Implementing Agency NWRB / Others
Objectives Establishment of groundwater monitoring system to address sustainable water
source for municipal water supply
(N/A) 297 as of 2009
EIRR (N/A)
Project Description
- It is recommended that periodical intensive groundwater monitoring for the municipalities and cities whose
groundwater usage is at risk. There is also inferred land subsidence in the lower reach of the study area based on some
previous studies, which should be verified in detail. Considering these, the conceptual projects for Establishment of
Comprehensive Groundwater Resources Monitoring in Pampanga River Basin is proposed in the present study.
- The projects should include the following activities.
1) Establishment of monitoring wells and observation
 Proper locations and density of monitoring wells to capture the lowering of groundwater level and salt-water
intrusion in a basin scale, especially for lower reach of Pampanga river basin, should be selected.
2
 Monitoring wells for sole use should be installed (1 monitoring well/30km in average).
 Monitoring network for land subsidence in lower reach of the study area should be installed, utilizing the
installed monitoring wells.
 Database and their management system should be established.
 Water level and water quality in the monitoring wells should be periodically monitored by WDs, LGUs etc.
 The monitoring results should be stored in one database and shared by stakeholders.
2) Groundwater resource management
 Groundwater resource management by NWRB and/or river basin organization based on the periodically
monitored data, which may include the policy establishment for groundwater regulation and so on, should be
implemented.
- It is proposed that the installation of monitoring wells would be gradually expanded during 15years. The lower
Pampanga area should be firstly covered by the monitoring wells.
Remarks
- The monitoring wells would be installed in strategic location based on geology within the river basin (totally about
5,400km2 mainly in plain are), which requires about 180 monitoring wells.
- It is assumed that the cost for developing a monitoring well is 1.5 mil pesos/well, which results in 270 mil pesos for
installing the monitoring wells. It is further assumed that 10% of the cost for installation of monitoring wells is
required for establishing the data management system as well as monitoring network for land subsidence.
- The estimated initial investment cost is 297 mil. pesos.
- Annual maintenance cost for the installed monitoring wells and data management system is assumed to be 0.5% of the
initial investment cost.
- The cost for observation by observer is assumed to be 12,000pesos/well/year, which requires 2.2mil. pesos/year for
operation of the monitoring.
- The estimated annual O&M cost is 3.7 mil. pesos/year.

- Basic project components should be studied.
ANT-9-58
Project Title Project for Recovery of Reliability of Water Supply in Angat-Umiray System
Objective Area Bulacan Province and Metro Manila
Implementing Agency NWRB / NIA/ MWSS/ NPC / Bulacan Government
Objectives Recovery of reliability of water supply in Angat-Umiray system
(N/A) 7,966 as of 2009
EIRR (N/A)
Project Description
- It is evaluated that the present reliability of water supply in Angat-Umiray system is not enough for both Municipal
water supply for MWSS and irrigation water supply for AMRIS. To address this problem, the conceptual project for
Recovery of Reliability of Water Supply in Angat-Umiray System is proposed. The project would include both new
water resources development and reduction of water demand.
- The preliminary study to discuss the future direction of the project has identified the following alternatives.
Alternative-1: Upgrading AMRIS + Bayabas dam
Alternative-2: Upgrading AMRIS + Balintingon dam (2.9m3/s) + Laiban dam (0.5m3/s)
Alternative-3: Upgrading AMRIS + Laiban dam (3.1m3/s)
Alternative-4: Laiban dam (4.0m3/s) only
- The study team conditionally recommends Alternative-1, based on the overall evaluation. The technical variability of
Alterenative-1 will have to be clarified by further study and proper institutional arrangement should be considered for
implementation of this alternative.
-
Remarks

-
ANT-9-59
Project Title Enhancement of Monitoring System for Surface Water in Pampanga River Basin
Objective Area Entire Pampanga river basin
Objectives Establishment of Inter-sector surface water monitoring system to prepare for future
expected increase of conflict among water users, especially between municipal and
irrigation water users
(N/A) 10 as of 2009
EIRR (N/A)
Project Description
- The usage of surface water will increase and become more complicated, because of very complicated water movement
by abstraction for irrigation and municipal use and their return flow. To utilize the limited water resources more
efficiently and effectively, it is vital to monitor the actual condition of water movement by natural and artificial drainage
system. The conceptual project for Enhancement Monitoring System for Surface Water in Pampanga River Basin is
proposed to realize the inter-sector surface monitoring system by enhancing the existing monitoring system by each
sector and agency.
- The projects should include the following activities.
1) Establishment of monitoring networks
 Proper and important monitoring locations for capturing the actual movement of surface water in the basin
should be selected. The monitoring points may include the existing hydrometric stations, large storage dams
and major intakes.
 At the selected monitoring stations, the strengthening of monitoring method such as automatic observation and
transfer of data should be introduced.
 Database and their management system should be established.
 Monitoring results should be stored in one database and shared by stakeholders.
2) Surface water resource management by NWRB and/or river basin organization based on the monitored data should
be conducted. The monitored data may be utilized for controlling water use permit. The accumulated
monitoring data will benefit significantly for the preparation of the next river basin management planning so as to
grade-up the spiral of IWRM process.
- Recommended measures
 Establishing main database and data transfer system: 1
 Establishing local database and data transfer system for storage dams: 2
 Establishing local database and data transfer system for dam-intake: 6
 Installation of automatic gauge(water level and rainfall), cable facilities for discharge measurement and
establishing data transfer system at HMS: 1
 Establishing data transfer system with PAGASA flood warning system (optional): 1
 Software and system development: 1
- It is proposed that the project be implemented firstly in Umiray-Angat system as a pilot project. Then, the remaining
area in Pampanga river basin should be covered by the project after getting the lesson and learned from the pilot project.
Remarks
- Unit cost for installation of automatic gauge station and cable facilities for discharge measurement with data transfer
facilities = 5.0mil.pesos/st.
- Unit cost for installation of local database and data transfer facilities = 0.25mil.pesos/st.
- Unit cost for installation of main database and data transfer facilities = 0.50mil.pesos/st.
- The cost for software and system development is assumed to be 25% of the installation cost for the facilities.
- The estimated initial investment cost is 10mil. pesos.
- Annual maintenance cost for the installed facilities is assumed to be 0.5% of the initial investment cost.
- Unit cost for data transfer = 0.075mil.pesos/st./year
- Unit cost for observer for HMS = 0.012mil.pesos/st./year
- Unit cost for operator for data input and transfer = 0.12mil.pesos/st./year
- Unit cost for discharge measurement = 0.05mil.pesos/st./year
- The estimated annual O&M cost is 2.0mil. pesos/year.

-
ANT-9-60
Project Title Capacity Development of NWRB and Relevant Agencies on Water Allocation and
Distribution
Objective Area Angat-Umiray system (1st phase)
Entire Pampanga river basin or Nation-wide (2nd phase)
Objectives Capacity development for water allocation and distribution to prepare for future
expected increase of conflict among water users, especially between municipal and
irrigation water users
(N/A) 300 as of 2009
EIRR (N/A)
Project Description
- To recover the inadequate reliability of water supply in Angat-Umiray system, it is indispensible to improve water
allocation including refinement of water use permit. The capacity development of NWRB and Relevant Agencies on
Water Allocation and Distribution is proposed as one of conceptual projects, in order to improve the water governance
by NWRB.
- The operation of hydropower plant should be well balanced for other functions of the storage dam such as flood control,
water use for irrigation and municipal water supply. The proper regulation of operation of hydropower plant is also
one of the topics to be dealt with in the project.
- The project is also to prepare for the expected increase of conflict among water users in the entire Pampanga river basin
and even in the entire country in long-term on the basis of the experience in Angat-Umiray system.
- The expected outputs of the project are as follows.
1) Improvement of water permitting system, especially for irrigation water use, in Angat-Umiray system,
2) Enhanced Capacity of NWRB and relevant agencies on operation of water allocation and its monitoring in
Angat-Umiray system,
3) Identification of critical area for water conflict in the nationwide considering possible future climate change,
4) Preparation of framework for application of the refined methodology for water allocation and water permitting
system to the identified critical areas, and
5) Recommendation on improvement of institution and legislation, through the activities on the project.
Remarks
- Two phases are considered for implementation for total 5years. In the 1st phase, Angat-Umiray system will be mainly
dealt with as a pilot area. Based on the experience in 1st Phase IInd phase will be implemented for the entire Pampanga
river basin or nation-wide activity.
- For the project cost, input on technical assistance by foreign expert team (60 mil.pesos/year) for 5years is considered.

-
ANT-9-61
Annex-T 11.1.1 (1/2) Grouping of Projects (Group-A Projects)
Initial Investment
Project Project O&M cost
Sector Serial No. Implementing Agency Cost
Group
Code Name of Project (Million Pesos) (Mil.Pesos/year)
1 AI-G-03 Repair, Rehabilitation of Existing Groundwater Irrigation Systems, Establishment of Groundwater Pump Project (REGIP) NIA 398 None
2 AI-G-04 Balikatan Sagip Patubig Program (BSPP) NIA 46 None
3 AI-G-05 Repair, Rehabilitation, Restoration & Preventive Maintenance of Existing National & Communal Irrigation Facilities NIA 1,579 None
4 AI-G-06 Restoration/Rehabilitation of Existing NIA Assisted Irrigation System (RRE-NIAIS) NIA 8,767 None
Agriculture/ 5 AI-G-08 Rehabilitation of Small Water Impounding Projects / Diversion Dams DA-BSWM 128 None
A Irrigation and 6 AI-G-09 Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program, Irrigation Component NIA 1,020 None
Fishery 7 AF-G-01 Aquaculture Fisheries Development Programs DA-BFAR
8 AF-G-02 Comprehensive Regulatory Services DA-BFAR
450 None
9 AF-G-03 Support Projects and Activities DA-BFAR
10 AF-G-04 Fisheries Resources Management for Improved and Sustainable Harvest DA-BFAR
Sub-total 12,388 0.0
11 MW-G-01 Angat Water Utilization and Aquaduct Improvement Project (AWUAIP) Phase 2 MWSS 4,568 * 30.5
12 MW-P-01 Rehabilitation of Umiray-Macua Facilities MWSS 454 2.3
13 MW-P-02 Sumag River Diversion Project MWSS 540 2.7
14 MW-P-03 Bulacan Treated Bulk Water Supply Project MWSS/LGU 11,935 119.3
15 MW-P-04 Metro Clark Bulk Surface Water Project CDC 3,527 35.3
16 MW-C-01 Additional Level 3,2, 1 Facilities towards 2025 in Bulacan LWUA/WDs/LGUs /Private WSPs 3,839 324.2
17 MW-C-02 Additional Level 3,2, 1 Facilities towards 2025 in Pampanga LWUA/WDs/LGUs /Private WSPs 4,914 416.6
Municipal Water
18 MW-C-03 Additional Level 3,2, 1 Facilities towards 2025 in Nueva Ecija LWUA/WDs/LGUs /Private WSPs 2,903 249.3
A Supply, Sanitation
and Sewerage 19 MW-C-04 Additional Level 3,2, 1 Facilities towards 2025 in Tarlac LWUA/WDs/LGUs /Private WSPs 559 46.2
20 MW-C-05 Extended Bulacan Bulk Water Supply Project LGU 16,754 167.7
ANT-11-1
21 MW-C-06 Pampanga Bulk Water Supply Project LGU 5,732 57.4

22 MS-C-01 Additional Sanitary Facilities towards 2025 in Bulacan LGUs 3,676 18.4
23 MS-C-02 Additional Sanitary Facilities towards 2025 in Pampanga LGUs 4,725 23.6
24 MS-C-03 Additional Sanitary Facilities towards 2025 in Nueva Ecija LGUs 3,477 17.4
25 MS-C-04 Additional Sanitary Facilities towards 2025 in Tarlac LGUs 968 4.8
Sub-total 68,571 1,515.6
26 FL-G-03 Maintenance and Rehabilitation Works for River Dike and Slope DPWH 679 None
Management of
27 FL-C-03 Maintenance, Rehabilitation and Improvement for Drainage and Flood Control Facilities under Jurisdiction of LGUs LGUs 3,000 None
A Flood and Sediment
Disasters 28 FL-C-04 Integration of Salient Points of IWRM for Pampanga River Basin into School Curricula DE-Region III 8 None
Sub-total 3,687 0.0
29 WS-G-01 Forest Protection and Law Enforcement Program (FPLEP) DENR/PENRO/CENRO 39 None
30 WS-G-02 Community-based Forest Management Program DENR/RCBFMO 71 None
31 WS-G-04 Coastal Resource Management Program (CRMP) DENR/PAWCZMS 37 None
32 WS-G-05 Protected Area Community-based Resource Management Program (CBFM-PACBRMA) DENR/PAWCZMS 13 None
Watershed 33 WS-G-06 Private Forest Plantation Development Program (PFPDP) DENR-FRDD 93 None
A
Management 34 WS-G-07 NIA-UPRIIS’ Watershed Management Program NIA-UPRIIS 180 None
35 WS-G-08 NPC's Watershed Management Program NPC 107 None
36 WS-G-09 Integrated Social Forestry (ISF) Projects LGUs/DENR/RCBFMO 51 None
37 WS-G-10 Private-sector Watershed Management Initiatives Private Firm/NGOs 32 None
Sub-total 623 0.0
38 WQ-G-01 Ecological Solid Waste Management Program (ESWMP) DENR-EMB III 192 None
39 WQ-G-02 Industrial Pollution Control Program (IPCP) DENR-EMB III 153 None
Water-related
40 WQ-G-03 Sagip-Ilog Project DENR-EMB/LGUs/Pvt. Sector 11 None
A Environment
41 WQ-P-01 Clean Development Mechanism Private Industries 1,036 63.0
Management
42 WQ-C-04 Construction of Sanitary Landfills and Support Facilities in Nueva Ecija and Cluster Waste Transfer Stations in Bulacan and Pampanga LGUs 2,025 349.0
Sub-total 3,417 412.0
43 IS-C-02 Project for Recovery of Reliability of Water Supply in Angat-Umiray System NWRB/NIA/MWSS/NPC/LGU 7,966 39.8
A Others
Sub-total 7,966 39.8
Total for Group A Projects 96,652 1,967.4
Note: *: The project cost is not total cost, but only for 2011-2025.
Annex-T 11.1.1 (2/2) Grouping of Projects (Group-B Projects)
Initial Investment
Project Project O&M cost
Sector Serial No. Implementing Agency Cost
Group
Code Name of Project (M illion Pesos) (M il.Pesos/year)
1 AI-G-01 Balog-Balog M ultipurpose Project Phase 1 NIA 236 * 11.8
2 AI-G-02 Along-along Creek Irrigation Project (UPRIIS Div3) NIA 25 * 1.3
3 AI-G-07 Participatory Irrigation Development Project, APL1-Infrastructure Development NIA 41 * 0.3
4 AI-G-10 Upper Tabuating SRIP NIA 76 * 1.3
5 AI-P-01 Balintingon Reservoir M ultipurpose Project (BRM P) NIA/G. Trino 13,591 68.0
6 AI-P-02 Balog-Balog M ultipurpose Project Phase 2 NIA 16,095 80.5
7 AI-P-03 Sector Loan on Rehabilitation of Irrigation Facilities NIA 222 1.1
8 AI-P-04 Casecnan M ulti-purpose Irrigation & Power Project Irrigation Component Phase 2 NIA 7,000 35.0
9 AI-P-05 Procurement of Pumps, Drilling Rigs & Related Equipment NIA 206 1.0
Agriculture/ Irrigation
B 10 AI-P-06 Irrigation Water Resources Augmentation Pump Establishment Project NIA 130 0.7
and Fishery
11 AI-P-07 Appropriate Irrigation Technologies for Enhanced Agricultural Production NIA 654 3.3
12 AI-P-08 Central Luzon Groundwater Irrigation Systems Reactivation Project NIA 1,429 7.1
13 AI-P-09 Gumain Reservoir Project NIA 13,729 68.6
14 AI-P-10 Rehabilitation of AM RIS NIA 983 4.9
15 AI-P-11 Construction of Priority Small Scale Irrigation Systems/Small Water Impounding Projects, Small Diversion Dam Projects DA Region III/LGUs 169 0.8
16 AI-C-01 New Construction of Small Scale Irrigation Project under BSWM BSWM /LGUs 514 2.6
17 AI-C-02 Introduction of Water Saving Irrigation Technology NIA 150 None
18 AI-C-03 Improvement of M onitoring System and Capacity Development for Proper Water M anagement in NISs and CISs NIA 150 7.5
Sub-total 55,400 295.8
19 M P-G-01 Cabanatuan Sewerage System LGU 189 1.9
M unicipal Water
20 M P-G-02 Expansion of Clark Sewerage System Clark Water 456 4.6
B Supply, Sanitation
ANT-11-2
21 M P-C-01 Septage Treatment and Disposal Facility M CWM C/LGUs/WDs/Private 510 355.0
and Sewerage
Sub-total 1,155 361.5
22 FL-G-01 Pinatubo Hazard Urgent Project (PHUM P) Phase III Part I DPWH 470 * 23.5
23 FL-G-02 Pinatubo Hazard Urgent Project (PHUM P) Phase III Part II DPWH 5* 0.3
24 FL-G-04 Flood Forecasting and Warning System Capacity Building Project upon Dam Release in the Philippines PAGASA 300 None
M anagement of Flood
25 FL-P-01 Flood Control M easures in M t. Pinatubo Devastated Area- Focus on Pasac Delta DPWH 4,320 21.6
B and Sediment
26 FL-P-02 Bacolor Comprehensive Rehabilitation M aster Plan LGU 1,500 7.5
Disasters
27 FL-C-01 Flood M itigation for Pampanga Delta DPWH 5,468 27.3
28 FL-C-02 Community Based Flood Early Warning System for Provinces of Pampanga, Tarlac and N. Ecija LGUs 8 0.4
Sub-total 12,071 80.6
29 WS-G-03 Integrated Agro-Forestry Development Program (CBFM -CARP) DENR/RCBFM O/DAR 31 None
30 WS-G-11 Forestlands M anagement Project (FM P) DENR-FASPO 996 None
31 WS-G-12 Pampanga River Basin Rehabilitation Project (PRBRP) DENR-FRCD 12 * None
Watershed 32 WS-C-01 Upland Development Program DA/DENR/LGUs 980 None
B
M anagement 33 WS-C-02 Protected Area M anagement Program (PAM P) DENR/PAWCZM S 404 None
34 WS-C-03 Urban Greening Program DENR/LGUs/Pvt. Sector 264 None
35 WS-C-04 Community-based Eco-tourism Program DOT/DENR/LGUs 264 None
Sub-total 2,951 0.0
36 WQ-C-01 Capacity Development to Upgrade WQ M onitoring and Data M anagement Program DENR-EM B 140 None
Water-related
37 WQ-C-02 Capacity Development to Improve Water Quality and Aquaculture Fisheries M anagement DA-BFAR 48 None
B Environment
38 WQ-C-03 Capacity Development Project to Improve Industry Adoption of Cleaner Production Options DTI/DENR/Private Industries 60 None
M anagement
Sub-total 248 0.0
39 IS-C-01 Establishment of Comprehensive Groundwater M onitoring in Pampanga River Basin NWRB/Others 297 3.7
40 IS-C-03 Enhancement of M onitoring System for Surface Water in Pampanga River Basin NWRB/Others 10 2.0
B Others
41 IS-C-04 Capacity Development of NWRB and Relevant Agencies on Water Allocation and Distribution NWRB/Others 300 None
Sub-total 607 5.7
Total for Group B Projects 72,432 743.5
Grand Total 169,084 2,710.9

Note: *: The project cost is not total cost, but only for 2011-2025.
Annex-T 11.2.1 (1/3) Principal Objectives and Contents of Major Discussions in TWG Meetings,
Stakeholder Meeting and Joint SC and TWG Meeting in September and October 2010
TWG Meeting on Sep. 29, 2010

Objectives:
1. To discuss the proposed prioritization order of the projects and development scenario for IWRM of Pampanga River
Basin
2. To discuss the proposed IWRM institutional setup.
3. To discuss the interim results of preliminary Initial Environmental Evaluation (IEE) done for the projects
Contents of Major Discussions:
1. The TWG members shall have another meeting for their own validation on the prioritization of the different projects
that were identified.
The TWG Workshop for the validation of the prioritization of project components of the IWRM Plan is scheduled on
October 7, 2010 at Sulo Hotel from 9 – 4 pm.
2. The monitoring of water quality and the watershed environment shall not be integrated into one TWG in the
organizational structure of the RBC since water quality is with EMB and there is a possibility for either of the sectors to
be neglected.
The proposal of the Study Team was a separate TWG for each. However, it was decided to integrate them under one
TWG through FDG since the two sectors are coordinated and both are under the organization of DENR.
3. The Study Team proposed that DILG shall head the TWG for water supply, sanitation and sewerage in the proposed
organization setup of RBC. However, the TWG shall be headed by the LWUA or water districts (WDs) while the
sanitation and sewerage to be under the DENR-EMB.
The original idea of the Study Team was for the DOH to chair the TWG for monitoring sanitation and sewerage, while
it was modified to DILG in accordance with suggestion by FDG.
TWG Meeting on Oct. 07, 2010
Objectives:
1. To validate and/or improve the evaluation criteria for prioritization of projects as components of the IWRM Plan; and
2. To validate and/or improve the results of prioritization of projects made by the Study Team through Delphi technique
Improvement of Results of Project Evaluations and Prioritization of Projects:

1. The results of project evaluations and prioritization of projects made by the Study Team were revised by 13 TWG
Members who represent from NIA, NPC, BSWM, PHILVOLCS, DENR-RBCO, DPWH-FCSEC, PAGASA,
DILG-Region III, Tarlac Province, Bulacan Province, NEDA-Region III, MWSS, DENR-PAWB and NWRB.
1. The cost of P75M for the project “FL-C-02: Community Based Flood Early Warning System for Provinces of
Pampanga, Tarlac and N.E” is deemed to be too costly in comparison with the cost of the similar project completed in
Bulacan. Moreover, the Project shall be implemented earlier than its target implementation in 2016 proposed by the
Study Team.
2. The benefits by the above Project could be gained for a longer period of time if it can be implemented earlier.
Moreover, it is recommended to give the project more functionality by not limiting its use to flood alone but to utilize
the data that can be monitored for research development, infrastructure, etc.
3. It was informed that the Provincial Disaster Coordinating Council (PDCC) of Nueva Ecija is now considering the
proposal for the community-based flood early warning system which will be discussed with the Governor.
4. After the discussion, the participants replicated the evaluation done by Mr. Otogawa by project sets. Using the
Scoring Matrix, the participants revised the scores of the projects for each set, as they see fit. Revised scores were
placed in the blank above the scoring made by Mr. Otogawa. The new scores were incorporated and the total scores
were collated by the encoders for each project set. The scores for Project Sets 1, 2 and 3 were collated and integrated
by the Chief Encoder using geometric mean to arrive at the final scores.
ANT-11-3
Stakeholder Meeting on Oct. 13, 2010
Objectives:
1. To present the methodologies for the formulation of the development scenarios, implementation program and
investment program of the water-related projects proposed as components of the IWRM Plan for Pampanga River Basin
by the JICA Study Team;
2. To discuss the approach and framework for the proposed institutional set-up plan for IWRM for Pampanga River Basin;
3. To present the web-page developed for the Pampanga River Basin Study; and
4. To review and validate the development scenarios, implementation program and investment program targeted for the
short-term, mid-term and long-term.
1. The Study Team shall come up with a review of the Medium Term Development Plan (MTDP) of each province
within the river basin. The particular consideration shall be given to the following three projects: (1) Cabo Holistic
Development Project; (2) Tabuating River Irrigation System and (3) Sierra Madre Watershed Development Program.
* The Study Team made an attempt to review the MTDP, but it was virtually difficult to take overview of the
MTDPs for the whole provinces in the study area. Due to the difficulty, the whole of the MTDP was not
incorporated and it was reflected only in the “FL-C-03: the Maintenance, Rehabilitation and Improvement for
Drainage and Flood Control Facilities under Jurisdiction of LGUs”. It is further noted that of the above three
projects to be given the particular consideration, the “Tabuating River Irrigation System “has been included as a
part of the proposed IWRM Plan (refer to AI-G-10: Upper Tabuating SRIP”), but other two projects were not
incorporated due to the invalid old information on them.
2. In accordance with comments given in the meeting, the following revisions were made for the Project of “MW-P-04:
Metro Clark Bulk Water Supply Project”.
 The name of Project was renamed from “Development of Water Supply System for Clark Special Economic Zone
(2020∼2025)
 The project implementation period is revised from 2020-2025 to 2011-2025.
 The objective area is expanded from the Clark New Frontier Area to the whole Metro Clark, which covers a part
of Tarlac and Pampanga Province.
 The classification of the Project is revised from the Group-B Project to Group-A Project.
3. In accordance with the comments given in the meeting, the target completion year of the Project of “MP-C-01:
Construction/ Provision of Septage Treatment and Disposal Facilities” was revised from 2020 to 2025.
4. In accordance with the comments, the development scenario on “Level 3 Water Supply System” was modified to the
development scenario on “Level 3, 2,1 Water Supply System”.
5. In accordance with the comments in the meeting, the following two projects were added as the components of the
IWRM Plan for Pampanga River Basin.
 FL-C-03 Maintenance, Rehabilitation and Improvement for Drainage and Flood Control Facilities under
Jurisdiction of LGUs
 FL-C-04 Integration of Salient Points of IWRM for Pampanga River Basin into School Curricula
6. In accordance with the comments in the meeting, the following two projects were transferred from Group-B to
Group-A:
 WQ-P-01: Clean Development Mechanism Projects
 WQ-C-04: Construction of Sanitary Landfills and Support facilities in Nueva Ecija and Cluster Water Transfer
Stations in Bulacan
ANT-11-4
Joint SC and TWG Meeting on
Objectives:
1. To present the revised prioritization order of the projects and development scenarios as well as the revised institutional
setup plan for IWRM of the Pampanga River Basin.
.
1. There shall be a footnote that states that the proposed grouping of the projects into Group A & B is not fixed but the
projects can be transferred from one grouping to the other depending on the future situation and necessity for the project
2. The Chairperson for the TWG on Water Supply, Sanitation and Sewerage in the organization setup for RBC should be
DILG and DOH instead of DILG and LWUA.
3. E.O. to be drafted should include a provision that will direct National Government Agencies to initially allocate
contributions to the operation of the RBC from their respective offices and eventual allocation of specific funds from
the national government for its operation.
4. The long-term option of legislative action to institutionalize creation of RBOs/RBCs in the country should be included.
5. Issues/conflicts on arbitration and monitoring of water rights shall be resolved first at the RBC level and only
unresolved issues shall be elevated to NWRB. In this regard, the arbitration shall be subject to the guidelines or
agreement that will be developed between RBC and NWRB.
ANT-11-5
Annex-T 11.2.2 (1/2) Development Scenarios and Relevant Projects (Group-A)
Term of Project Implementing Cost (million pesos)
Implementation Code Name of Project Agency Short-term M id-term Long-term Total
(1) Rehabilitation of Existing Irrigation Facilities Repair, Rehabilitation of Existing Groundwater Irrigation Systems,
AI-G-03 NIA 216 91 91 398
Establishment of Groundwater Pump Project (REGIP)
The agricultural productivities shall be improved through rehabilitation of the existing irrigation facilities.
AI-G-04 Balikatan Sagip Patubig Program (BSPP) NIA 46 0 0 46
Repair, Rehabilitation, Restoration & Preventive M aintenance of

AI-G-05 NIA 1,027 276 276 1,579
Whole Terms Existing National & Communal Irrigation Facilities
Restoration/Rehabilitation of Existing NIA Assisted Irrigation
AI-G-06 NIA 3,437 2,665 2,665 8,767
System (RRE-NIAIS)
Rehabilitation of Small Water Impounding Projects / Diversion
Agriculture/Irrigation AI-G-08 DA-BSWM 43 43 43 128
Dams
and Fisheries
AI-G-09 Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program, Irrigation Component NIA 340 340 340 1,020
(2) S ustainable Fishery Production AF-G-01 Aquaculture Fisheries Development Programs DA-BFAR
The fishery productivities shall be sustained through the on-going regular projects. AF-G-02 Comprehensive Regulatory Services DA-BFAR
Whole Terms 150 150 150 450
AF-G-03 Support Projects and Activities DA-BFAR
Fisheries Resources M anagement for Improved and Sustainable
AF-G-04 DA-BFAR
Harvest
Total 5,259 3,565 3,565 12,388
(1) S hort-term Development of Bulk Water S upply S ystem for Bulacan Province
M W-P-03 Bulacan Treated Bulk Water Supply Project M WSS/LGU 11,935 0 0 11,935
M WSS shall provide the bulk municipal water supply system to Bulacan Province in order to retrieve the deterioration
of the groundwater currently used as the source for municipal water use in the Province by 2015. The water supply Short-term
system shall have the supply capacity of 2.7m3/s, which could cover the municipal water demand of about one million.
ANT-11-6
(2) S trengthening of Water S upply Capacity of Angat Umiray S ystem Angat Water Utilization and Aquaduct Improvement Project
M W-G-01 M WSS 4,568 0 0 4,568
(AWUAIP) Phase 2
(a) The more sustainable water supply by Angat-Umiray system shall be enhanced through implementaion of M W-
M W-P-01 Rehabilitation of Umiray-M acua Facilities M WSS 454 0 0 454
G-01, M W-P-01 and M W-P-02 by 2015 so as to mitigate the chronic shortage for the municipal water use in Short-term and
M etro M anila and the irrigation water use in AM RIS. M id-term
M W-P-02 Sumag River Diversion Project M WSS 540 0 0 540
(b) The reliability of water supply in Angat Umiray System shall be fully recovred through implementaion of IS-C- Project for Recovery of Reliability of Water Supply in Angat- NWRB/NIA/
IS-C-02 100 7,866 0 7,966
02 by 2020. Umiray System M WSS/NPC/LGU
(3) Expansion of Level 3, 2, 1 Municipal S upply S ystem LWUA/WDs/LGUs/
M W-C-01 Additional Level 3,2, 1 Facilities towards 2025 in Bulacan 1,404 1,200 1,235 3,839
Private WSPs
(a) The coverage of Level 3, 2, 1 water supply system with safe drinking water supply shall reach 100% by 2025. LWUA/WDs/LGUs/
M W-C-02 Additional Level 3,2, 1 Facilities towards 2025 in Pampanga 1,714 1,588 1,612 4,914
Private WSPs
(b) The coverage ratios of the Level 3 Water Supply System in the urban area shall increase 1% per annum by 2015, LWUA/WDs/LGUs/
M W-C-03 Additional Level 3,2, 1 Facilities towards 2025 in Nueva Ecija 973 957 973 2,903
and their average ratio shall reach 80% by 2025. At the same time, the lowest coverage ratio in the urban area Private WSPs
Whole Terms
shall not be below 46.5% in 2025. LWUA/WDs/LGUs/
M unicipal Water M W-C-04 Additional Level 3,2, 1 Facilities towards 2025 in Tarlac 221 169 169 559
Private WSPs
Supply, Sanitation and
(c) The present average coverage ratio of Level 3 Water Supply System in the rural area shall be maintained until
Sewerage
2025, notwithstanding the future increment of population. The target coverage ratio to be maintained is 18% in
average for the whole study area.
(4) Construction/Provision of S anitary Toilet M S-C-01 Additional Sanitary Facilities towards 2025 in Bulacan LGUs 1,774 948 954 3,676
The rate of construction/provision of the sanitary toilets in all municipalities and cities shall increase at the rate of 10%
M S-C-02 Additional Sanitary Facilities towards 2025 in Pampanga LGUs 1,969 1,356 1,400 4,725
per annum by 2015, and the whole households in the study area shall be provided with the sanitary toilet by 2025. Whole Terms
M S-C-03 Additional Sanitary Facilities towards 2025 in Nueva Ecija LGUs 1,394 1,037 1,046 3,477
M S-C-04 Additional Sanitary Facilities towards 2025 in Tarlac LGUs 370 294 304 968
(5) Development of Bulk Water S upply S ystem for Metro Clark
M W-P-04 M etro Clark Bulk Surface Water Project CDC 1,176 1,176 1,175 3,527
Whole Terms
The bulk water supply system (supply capacity of 0.8m3/s) shall be gradually expanded to the entire M etro Clark by
2025.
(6) Long-term Development of Bulk Water S upply S ystem for Bulacan and Pampanga Province
M W-C-05 Extended Bulacan Bulk Water Supply Project LGU 0 0 16,754 16,754
The bulk water supply system with the supply capacity of additional 3.8m3/s for Bulacan and 1.3m3/s for Pampanga Long-term M W-C-06 Pampanga Bulk Water Supply Project LGU 0 0 5,732 5,732
Province shall be developed by 2025 in order to serve the incremental provincial population and cope with deterioration
of the groundwater quality.
Total 28,592 16,591 31,354 76,537

Annex-T 11.2.2 (2/2) Development Scenarios and Relevant Projects (Group-A)
Term of Project Implementing Cost (million pesos)
Implementation Code Name of Project Agency Short-term Mid-term Long-term Total
(1) Sustainment of Regular Program for Maintenance and Rehabilitation of River Dike and Slope Maintenance and Rehabilitation Works for River Dike and
FL-G-03 DPWH 226 226 227 679
Slope
Until 2025, the following regular program for maintenance and rehabilitation of the deteriorated river dike
Whole Terms
and slope of Pampanga, Angat and Pasac river systems of 54km in length, which are under jurisdiction of
DPWH, shall be sustained to maintain the original river flow capacities and morphology
(2) Sustainment of Regular Program for Maintenance and Rehabilitation of Drainage and Flood Control Maintenance, Rehabilitation and Improvement for Drainage
Facilities for LGUs FL-C-03 LGUs 1,000 1,000 1,000 3,000
and Flood Control Facilities under Jurisdiction of LGUs
Management of Flood Until 2025, the following regular program for maintenance and rehabilitation of the drainage and flood Whole Terms
and Sediment control facilities, which are under jurisdiction of the Provincial Governments of Pampanga, Bulacan, Nueva
Disasters Ecija and Tarlac, shall be sustained to maintain the original design capacity of the facilities.
(3) Improvement of Public Awarenss on IWRM Integration of Salient Points of IWRM for Pampanga River
FL-C-04 DE-Region III 2 3 3 8
Basin into School Curricula
Toward 2025, public awarness on IWRM shall be improved thorugh the annual regular program on the salient
Whole Terms
points of IWRM into school curricula for primary and secondary school in the aspect of IWRM for Pampanga
river basin.
Total 1,228 1,229 1,230 3,687

(1) Susttainment of the On-going Regular Program for Watershed Management DENR/PENRO/CE
WS-G-01 Forest Protection and Law Enforcement Program (FPLEP) 13 13 13 39
NRO
The major on-going nine (9) regular programs for watershed management in Pampanga river basin shall be
WS-G-02 Community-based Forest Management Program DENR/RCBFMO 24 24 23 71
sustained by 2025, which could lead to the following outcomes:
WS-G-04 Coastal Resource Management Program (CRMP) DENR/PAWCZMS 12 12 13 37
ANT-11-7
(a) The 285,300has. of tenured and untenured forestlands shall be protected against illegal harvesting, Protected Area Community-based Resource Management
WS-G-05 DENR/PAWCZMS 4 4 5 13
encroachment, forest fires, illegal land use and conversion. Program (CBFM-PACBRMA)
WS-G-06 Private Forest Plantation Development Program (PFPDP) DENR-FRCD 36 29 28 93
(b) The present forest cover of 187,500has shall be expanded through timber forest establishment and agro-
WS-G-07 NIA-UPRIIS’ Watershed Management Program NIA-UPRIIS 100 40 40 180
forestry by about 10,000has. at the rate of 660has. per annum. Forest expansion will cover an additional Whole Terms
Watershed
Management 2.63% of the total classified and unclassified forestlands (377,500has.) in Pampanga river basin by WS-G-08 NPC's Watershed Management Program NPC 51 28 28 107
2025.
(c) The present agro-forestry cover shall expand by about 29,700has. at the rate of 200has. per annum as
WS-G-09 Integrated Social Forestry (ISF) Projects LGUs/DENR/RCBFMO 17 17 17 51
the basic strategy to provide additional income source to upland dwellers, particularly the indigenous
peoples. WS-G-10 Private-sector Watershed Management Initiatives Private Firm/NGOs 11 11 10 32
(d) Conservation of natural ecosystems and their critical habitats will be sustained in order to protect bio-
diversity. The area to be conserved includes: (i) natural forests within the 79,800has. of protected areas
of Mt. Arayat NP, Pantabangan-Carranglan WFR and Angat WFR, and (ii) old and re-established
mangrove forests within 77,400has. of coastal areas of Pampanga and Bulacan.
Total 268 178 177 623

(1) Dealing with Contamination of Surface, Ground and Coastal Water
WQ-G-01 Ecological Solid Waste Management Program (ESWMP) DENR-EMB III 64 64 64 192
The pollution load from various sources shall be reduced by sustaining the ongoing non-strutural measures
Whole Terms WQ-G-02 Industrial Pollution Control Program (IPCP) DENR-EMB III 51 51 51 153
under three (3) ongoing regular DENR and LGU programs that are intended to protect water quality.
DENR-EMB/
WQ-G-03 Sagip-Ilog Project 5 3 3 11
LGU/Pvt. Sector
Water-related
(2) Reduction of Risk for Contamination in Water Body
Environment WQ-P-01 Clean Development Mechanism Projects Private Industries 518 518 0 1,036
Management
By 2025, the structural measures will be implemented to reduce the risk of contamination from livestock, Construction of Sanitary Landfills and Support Facilities in
Whole Terms WQ-C-04 LGUs 675 675 675 2,025
domestic and industrial wastes. These include: (a) waste-to-energy CDM projects for livestock farms in Nueva Ecija and Cluster Waste Transfer Stations in Bulacan
Bulacan and the sanitary landfill in Tarlac and Bulacan; and (b) sanitary landfills in N. Ecija and waste
transfer stations in Pampanga and Bulacan.
Total 1,313 1,311 793 3,417
Grand Total 36,660 22,874 37,119 96,652

Annex-T 11.2.3 Implementation Schedule for Group-A Projects
Sector Code Name of Project Implementing Agency Short-term Mid-term Long-term

AI-G-03 Repair, Rehabilitation of Existing Groundwater Irrigation Systems, Establishment of Groundwater Pump Project (REGIP) NIA 216 91 91
AI-G-04 Balikatan Sagip Patubig Program (BSPP) NIA 46
AI-G-05 Repair, Rehabilitation, Restoration & Preventive Maintenance of Existing National & Communal Irrigation Facilities NIA 1,027 276 276
AI-G-06 Restoration/Rehabilitation of Existing NIA Assisted Irrigation System (RRE-NIAIS) NIA 3,437 2,665 2,665
Agriculture/ AI-G-08 Rehabilitation of Small Water Impounding Projects / Diversion Dams DA-BSWM 43 43 43
Irrigation and
Fisheries AI-G-09 Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program, Irrigation Component NIA 340 340 340
AF-G-01 Aquaculture Fisheries Development Programs DA-BFAR 38 38 38
AF-G-02 Comprehensive Regulatory Services DA-BFAR 38 38 38
AF-G-03 Support Projects and Activities DA-BFAR 38 38 38
AF-G-04 Fisheries Resources Management for Improved and Sustainable Harvest DA-BFAR 38 38 38
MW-P-03 Bulacan Treated Bulk Water Supply Project MWSS/LGU 11 935
MW-G-01 Angat Water Utilization and Aquaduct Improvement Project (AWUAIP) Phase 2 MWSS 4 568
MW-P-01 Rehabilitation of Umiray-Macua Facilities MWSS 454
MW-P-02 Sumag River Diversion Project MWSS 540
IS-C-02 Project for Recovery of Reliability of Water Supply in Angat-Umiray System NWRB/NIA/MWSS/NPC/LGU 100 7,866
MW-C-01 Additional Level 3,2, 1 Facilities towards 2025 in Bulacan LWUA/WDs/LGUs/Private WSPs 1,404 1,200 1,235
ANT-11-8
MW-C-02 Additional Level 3,2, 1 Facilities towards 2025 in Pampanga LWUA/WDs/LGUs/Private WSPs 1 714 1 588 1 612
Municipal Water MW-C-03 Additional Level 3,2, 1 Facilities towards 2025 in Nueva Ecija LWUA/WDs/LGUs/Private WSPs 973 957 973
Supply, Sanitation
and Sewerage MW-C-04 Additional Level 3,2, 1 Facilities towards 2025 in Tarlac LWUA/WDs/LGUs/Private WSPs 221 169 169
MS-C-01 Additional Sanitary Facilities towards 2025 in Bulacan LGUs 1,774 948 954
MS-C-02 Additional Sanitary Facilities towards 2025 in Pampanga LGUs 1,969 1,356 1,400
MS-C-03 Additional Sanitary Facilities towards 2025 in Nueva Ecija LGUs 1,394 1,037 1,046
MS-C-04 Additional Sanitary Facilities towards 2025 in Tarlac LGUs 370 294 304
MW-P-04 Metro Clark Bulk Surface Water Project CDC 1 176 1 176 1 175
MW-C-05 Extended Bulacan Bulk Water Supply Project LGU 16 754
MW-C-06 Pampanga Bulk Water Supply Project LGU 5,732
Management of FL-G-03 Maintenance and Rehabilitation Works for River Dike and Slope DPWH 226 226 227
Flood and Sediment FL-C-03 Maintenance, Rehabilitation and Improvement for Drainage and Flood Control Facilities under Jurisdiction of LGUs LGUs 1 000 1 000 1 000
Disasters FL-C-04 Integration of Salient Points of IWRM for Pampanga River Basin into School Curricula DE-Region III 2 3 3
WS-G-01 Forest Protection and Law Enforcement Program (FPLEP) DENR/PENRO/CENRO 13 13 13
WS-G-02 Community-based Forest Management Program DENR/RCBFMO 24 24 23
WS-G-04 Coastal Resource Management Program (CRMP) DENR/PAWCZMS 12 12 13
WS-G-05 Protected Area Community-based Resource Management Program (CBFM-PACBRMA) DENR/PAWCZMS 4 4 5
Watershed
WS-G-06 Private Forest Plantation Development Program (PFPDP) DENR-FRCD 36 29 28
Management
WS-G-07 NIA-UPRIIS’ Watershed Management Program NIA-UPRIIS 100 40 40
WS-G-08 NPC's Watershed Management Program NPC 51 28 28
WS-G-09 Integrated Social Forestry (ISF) Projects LGUs/DENR/RCBFMO 17 17 17
WS-G-10 Private-sector Watershed Management Initiatives Private Firm/NGOs 11 11 10
WQ-G-01 Ecological Solid Waste Management Program (ESWMP) DENR-EMB III 64 64 64
Water-related WQ-G-02 Industrial Pollution Control Program (IPCP) DENR-EMB III 51 51 51

Environment WQ-G-03 Sagip-Ilog Project DENR-EMB/LGU/Pvt. Sector 5 3 3
Management WQ-P-01 Clean Development Mechanism Projects Private Industries 518 518
WQ-C-04 Construction of Sanitary Landfills & Support Facilities in Nueva Ecija and Cluster Waste Transfer Stations in Bulacan & Pampanga LGUs 675 675 675
Annex-T 11.2.4 Results of Evaluation (Scoring) of Group-B Projects by Study Team
Viability Enhanced Improved Decentralized Sustained Empowered
Project Grand
Sector of the Project Livelihood Quality of Life Development Ecosystem People Rank
Code Total
1 2 3 4 5 T 1 2 3 4 T 1 2 3 4 T 1 2 3 4 T 1 2 3 4 T 1 2 3 4 T
AI-P-01 3.0 3.0 2.0 2.0 1.0 11.0 3.0 3.0 2.0 3.0 11.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 2.0 5.0 2.0 3.0 2.0 2.0 9.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 4.0 2.0 2.0 3.0 2.0 9.0 49.0 15
AI-P-02 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 12.0 3.0 3.0 2.0 3.0 11.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 2.0 5.0 2.0 3.0 2.0 2.0 9.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 4.0 2.0 2.0 3.0 2.0 9.0 50.0 12
AI-P-03 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.0 14.0 2.0 3.0 2.0 3.0 10.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 4.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 4.0 10.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 4.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 8.0 50.0 12
AI-P-04 3.0 3.0 2.0 3.0 1.0 12.0 3.0 3.0 2.0 3.0 11.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 4.0 2.0 3.0 2.0 2.0 9.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 4.0 2.0 2.0 3.0 2.0 9.0 49.0 15
AI-P-05 2.0 2.0 2.0 3.0 1.0 10.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 8.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 4.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 8.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 4.0 1.0 2.0 2.0 1.0 6.0 40.0 28
AI-P-06 2.0 3.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 11.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 8.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 4.0 1.0 3.0 1.0 1.0 6.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 4.0 1.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 7.0 40.0 28
Agriculture / Irrigation AI-P-07 2.0 2.0 3.0 3.0 2.0 12.0 2.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 11.0 2.0 2.0 1.0 2.0 7.0 1.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 7.0 1.0 1.0 2.0 1.0 5.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 12.0 54.0 4
and Fishery
AI-P-08 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 10.0 2.0 3.0 2.0 3.0 10.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 4.0 1.0 3.0 1.0 2.0 7.0 1.0 1.0 2.0 1.0 5.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 8.0 44.0 24
AI-P-09 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.0 9.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 8.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 4.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 8.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 4.0 1.0 1.0 2.0 1.0 5.0 38.0 30
AI-P-10 2.0 2.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 10.0 3.0 3.0 2.0 3.0 11.0 3.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 9.0 2.0 3.0 2.0 2.0 9.0 1.0 1.0 2.0 1.0 5.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 3.0 9.0 53.0 7
AI-P-11 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 3.0 11.0 3.0 3.0 2.0 3.0 11.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 4.0 1.0 3.0 2.0 3.0 9.0 1.0 1.0 2.0 1.0 5.0 3.0 2.0 3.0 2.0 10.0 50.0 12
AI-C-01 2.0 2.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 10.0 3.0 3.0 2.0 3.0 11.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 4.0 1.0 3.0 2.0 2.0 8.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 4.0 2.0 2.0 3.0 2.0 9.0 46.0 20
AI-C-02 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 3.0 11.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 12.0 2.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 5.0 2.0 3.0 2.0 2.0 9.0 1.0 1.0 2.0 1.0 5.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 12.0 54.0 4
ANT-11-9
AI-C-03 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 10.0 2.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 11.0 1.0 2.0 2.0 1.0 6.0 1.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 7.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 8.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 12.0 54.0 4
Municipal Water MW-P-04 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.0 9.0 2.0 2.0 1.0 1.0 6.0 2.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 8.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.0 7.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 4.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 4.0 38.0 30
Sewerage MP-C-01 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.0 9.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 4.0 3.0 1.0 3.0 1.0 8.0 2.0 1.0 2.0 2.0 7.0 1.0 3.0 2.0 3.0 9.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.0 7.0 44.0 24
FL-P-01 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 12.0 2.0 3.0 2.0 2.0 9.0 1.0 1.0 3.0 3.0 8.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.0 11.0 1.0 2.0 1.0 2.0 6.0 3.0 2.0 3.0 2.0 10.0 56.0 2
Management of Flood FL-P-02 1.0 1.0 1.0 2.0 1.0 6.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 8.0 1.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 7.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.0 7.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 4.0 2.0 1.0 2.0 1.0 6.0 38.0 30
and Sediment Disasters
FL-C-01 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 10.0 2.0 3.0 3.0 2.0 10.0 1.0 2.0 2.0 3.0 8.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.0 11.0 2.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 5.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.0 11.0 55.0 3
FL-C-02 2.0 2.0 1.0 3.0 3.0 11.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 3.0 9.0 1.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 7.0 2.0 1.0 2.0 1.0 6.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 4.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.0 11.0 48.0 17
WS-C-01 2.0 2.0 2.0 3.0 3.0 12.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 8.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 3.0 6.0 1.0 2.0 2.0 3.0 8.0 1.0 3.0 3.0 2.0 9.0 3.0 2.0 3.0 2.0 10.0 53.0 7
Watershed WS-C-02 2.0 2.0 2.0 3.0 3.0 12.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 8.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 3.0 6.0 1.0 2.0 2.0 3.0 8.0 1.0 3.0 3.0 2.0 9.0 3.0 2.0 3.0 2.0 10.0 53.0 7
Management
WS-C-03 2.0 3.0 2.0 3.0 1.0 11.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 4.0 1.0 1.0 2.0 2.0 6.0 1.0 1.0 2.0 1.0 5.0 2.0 3.0 3.0 2.0 10.0 3.0 2.0 3.0 2.0 10.0 46.0 20
WS-C-04 2.0 2.0 2.0 3.0 1.0 10.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 8.0 1.0 1.0 2.0 1.0 5.0 2.0 2.0 1.0 2.0 7.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 8.0 2.0 1.0 2.0 2.0 7.0 45.0 23
WQ-P-01 2.0 2.0 2.0 3.0 3.0 12.0 1.0 3.0 1.0 1.0 6.0 1.0 1.0 2.0 1.0 5.0 2.0 1.0 2.0 1.0 6.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 2.0 8.0 2.0 2.0 3.0 3.0 10.0 47.0 19
WQ-C-01 2.0 3.0 2.0 3.0 1.0 11.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 4.0 3.0 2.0 3.0 1.0 9.0 2.0 1.0 2.0 1.0 6.0 3.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 9.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.0 7.0 46.0 20
Water-related
Environment WQ-C-02 2.0 2.0 2.0 3.0 1.0 10.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 8.0 1.0 1.0 2.0 1.0 5.0 1.0 3.0 2.0 2.0 8.0 3.0 3.0 1.0 2.0 9.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 8.0 48.0 17
Management
WQ-C-03 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 10.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 4.0 2.0 1.0 3.0 1.0 7.0 1.0 1.0 2.0 1.0 5.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 3.0 9.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 8.0 43.0 27
WQ-C-04 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.0 9.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 4.0 3.0 1.0 3.0 1.0 8.0 2.0 1.0 2.0 1.0 6.0 1.0 3.0 2.0 3.0 9.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 8.0 44.0 24
IS-C-01 2.0 3.0 2.0 3.0 2.0 12.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 4.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 1.0 10.0 1.0 2.0 2.0 1.0 6.0 3.0 3.0 1.0 2.0 9.0 3.0 3.0 2.0 2.0 10.0 51.0 10
Others IS-C-03 2.0 3.0 2.0 3.0 2.0 12.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 4.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 1.0 10.0 1.0 2.0 2.0 1.0 6.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 2.0 8.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.0 11.0 51.0 10
IS-C-04 2.0 2.0 2.0 3.0 2.0 11.0 2.0 3.0 2.0 2.0 9.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 1.0 10.0 2.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 11.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.0 7.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 12.0 60.0 1
Annex-T 11.2.5 Results of Evaluation (Scoring) of Group-B Projects by TWG Members
Viability Enhanced Improved Decentralized Sustained Empowered
Project Grand
Sector of the Project Livelihood Quality of Life Development Ecosystem People Rank
Code Total
1 2 3 4 5 T 1 2 3 4 T 1 2 3 4 T 1 2 3 4 T 1 2 3 4 T 1 2 3 4 T
AI-P-01 2.9 2.7 1.9 1.8 1.1 10.4 2.9 2.9 2.0 2.8 10.7 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.9 4.9 2.0 3.0 2.0 2.0 9.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 4.0 2.0 1.9 2.8 1.9 8.6 47.6 18
AI-P-02 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 12.0 3.0 3.0 2.0 2.8 10.8 1.0 1.0 1.0 2.0 5.0 2.0 3.0 2.0 2.0 9.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 4.0 2.0 2.0 3.0 2.0 9.0 49.8 13
AI-P-03 3.0 2.9 3.0 2.9 2.0 13.8 2.0 2.9 2.1 2.8 9.8 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 4.1 1.9 2.1 1.9 2.7 8.6 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 4.0 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 7.6 47.8 17
AI-P-04 3.0 3.0 2.0 3.0 1.1 12.1 2.9 2.9 2.0 2.8 10.7 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 4.0 2.0 3.0 2.0 2.0 9.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.0 4.1 2.0 2.0 3.0 2.0 9.0 48.8 14
AI-P-05 2.0 2.0 2.0 3.0 1.0 10.0 1.9 1.9 2.0 1.9 7.7 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 4.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 8.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 4.0 1.0 2.0 2.0 1.0 6.0 39.7 29
AI-P-06 2.0 3.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 11.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 8.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 4.0 1.0 3.0 1.0 1.0 6.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 4.0 1.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 7.0 40.0 28
Agriculture / Irrigation AI-P-07 2.0 2.0 3.0 3.0 2.0 12.0 2.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 11.0 2.0 2.0 1.0 2.0 7.0 1.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 7.0 1.0 1.0 2.0 1.0 5.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 12.0 54.0 4
and Fishery
AI-P-08 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 10.0 2.0 3.0 2.0 3.0 10.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 4.0 1.0 3.0 1.0 2.0 7.0 1.0 1.0 2.0 1.0 5.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 8.0 44.0 24
AI-P-09 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.0 9.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 8.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 4.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 8.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.0 4.1 1.0 1.0 2.0 1.0 5.0 38.1 30
AI-P-10 2.1 2.0 2.9 2.1 1.1 10.1 2.9 3.0 1.9 2.9 10.7 2.9 2.9 1.9 1.1 8.8 1.9 3.0 1.9 1.9 8.7 1.0 1.0 2.1 1.0 5.1 1.9 1.9 1.9 2.8 8.5 51.9 8
AI-P-11 2.1 2.1 1.9 2.1 2.9 11.1 3.0 3.0 2.1 3.0 11.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 4.2 1.1 3.0 2.0 2.9 8.9 1.1 1.1 2.1 1.1 5.2 2.9 2.0 3.0 2.1 9.9 50.4 12
AI-C-01 2.0 1.9 1.0 2.1 2.9 9.8 3.0 3.0 2.1 3.0 11.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 4.2 1.1 3.0 2.0 2.0 8.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 4.3 2.0 2.0 2.8 1.9 8.6 46.0 21
AI-C-02 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.0 2.8 11.0 2.7 2.8 2.8 2.8 11.1 1.8 1.0 1.0 1.0 4.8 1.8 2.7 1.8 2.0 8.3 1.0 1.0 1.8 1.0 4.8 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.7 10.7 50.7 10
ANT-11-10
AI-C-03 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 10.0 2.0 3.0 2.9 2.9 10.8 1.0 2.0 2.0 1.0 6.0 1.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 7.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 8.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 12.0 53.8 5
Municipal Water MW-P-04 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.0 8.6 1.9 2.0 1.0 1.0 5.9 2.1 2.9 1.9 1.0 7.9 2.0 2.0 2.1 1.1 7.1 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.1 4.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 4.0 37.6 32
Sewerage MP-C-01 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.9 1.0 8.9 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 4.0 2.5 1.1 2.9 1.0 7.5 1.9 1.0 1.9 2.0 6.8 1.0 2.9 1.9 2.9 8.7 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.0 7.0 42.9 27
FL-P-01 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.0 1.1 12.1 1.9 2.9 2.0 1.9 8.7 1.0 1.0 2.9 3.0 7.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.0 10.7 1.0 2.0 1.0 2.0 6.0 3.0 2.0 3.0 2.0 10.0 55.4 2
Management of Flood FL-P-02 1.0 1.0 1.0 2.0 1.1 6.1 1.9 2.0 2.0 2.0 7.9 1.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 7.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.0 7.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 4.0 2.0 1.0 2.0 1.0 6.0 38.0 31
and Sediment Disasters
FL-C-01 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 10.0 1.9 3.0 3.0 2.0 9.9 1.0 2.0 2.0 3.0 8.0 2.8 2.8 3.0 2.0 10.5 2.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 5.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.0 11.0 54.5 3
FL-C-02 2.0 2.0 1.0 3.0 3.0 11.0 1.9 2.0 2.0 3.0 8.9 1.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 7.0 2.0 1.0 2.0 1.0 6.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 4.2 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.0 11.0 48.1 15
WS-C-01 1.9 1.9 2.0 3.0 3.0 11.8 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 8.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 2.9 5.9 1.0 2.0 2.0 3.0 8.0 1.1 3.0 3.0 2.0 9.1 3.0 2.1 3.0 2.1 10.1 52.9 7
Watershed WS-C-02 2.0 2.0 2.0 3.0 3.0 12.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.9 7.9 1.1 1.1 1.0 3.0 6.2 1.0 2.0 2.0 3.0 8.0 1.1 3.0 3.0 2.0 9.1 3.0 2.0 2.9 2.0 9.9 53.1 6
Management
WS-C-03 2.0 3.0 2.0 3.0 1.0 11.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 4.0 1.0 1.0 2.0 2.0 6.0 1.0 1.0 2.0 1.0 5.0 2.0 3.0 3.0 2.0 10.0 3.0 2.0 3.0 2.0 10.0 46.0 20
WS-C-04 2.0 2.0 2.0 3.0 1.0 10.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 8.0 1.0 1.0 2.0 1.0 5.0 2.0 2.0 1.0 2.0 7.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 8.0 2.0 1.1 2.0 2.0 7.1 45.1 23
WQ-P-01 1.9 2.0 2.0 3.0 3.0 11.9 1.0 2.9 1.1 1.0 6.0 1.0 1.0 2.0 1.0 5.0 2.0 1.0 2.0 1.1 6.1 1.0 2.0 3.0 2.0 8.0 2.0 2.0 3.0 3.0 10.0 46.9 19
WQ-C-01 2.0 2.9 2.0 3.0 1.0 10.9 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 4.0 3.0 1.9 3.0 1.0 8.9 2.0 1.0 2.0 1.0 6.0 2.9 2.0 2.0 2.0 8.9 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.0 7.0 45.7 22
Water-related
Environment WQ-C-02 2.0 2.0 2.0 3.0 1.0 10.0 1.9 2.0 2.0 2.0 7.9 1.0 1.0 2.0 1.0 5.0 1.0 3.0 2.0 2.0 8.0 3.0 3.0 1.0 1.9 8.9 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 8.0 47.8 16
Management
WQ-C-03 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.0 10.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 4.0 2.0 1.0 3.0 1.0 7.0 1.0 1.0 2.0 1.0 5.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 3.0 9.0 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.0 8.1 43.1 26
WQ-C-04 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.1 1.1 9.1 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.0 4.1 2.6 1.0 3.0 1.0 7.6 2.0 1.1 2.0 1.1 6.1 1.0 2.9 2.0 3.0 8.9 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 8.0 43.8 25
IS-C-01 2.0 3.0 2.0 3.0 2.0 12.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 4.0 2.9 2.9 3.0 1.0 9.8 1.0 2.0 2.0 1.0 6.0 3.0 3.0 1.0 2.1 9.1 2.8 2.8 1.9 2.0 9.6 50.5 11
Others IS-C-03 2.0 3.0 2.0 3.0 2.0 12.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 4.0 2.9 2.9 3.0 1.1 9.9 1.0 2.0 2.0 1.0 6.0 3.0 2.1 1.0 2.0 8.1 2.9 2.9 3.0 2.0 10.8 50.8 9
IS-C-04 2.0 2.0 2.0 3.0 2.0 11.0 1.9 2.8 2.1 2.0 8.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 1.0 9.5 2.0 2.9 2.9 2.9 10.7 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.0 7.0 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.8 11.6 58.6 1
Annex-T 11.2.6 Group-B Projects to be Implemented in Short, Mid and Long Term
Initial Investment Cost Implementaion Period
Project
Priority Implementing (M illion Pesos) (years)
Score
Order Agency
Code Short-tem M id-term Long-term Total Short-tem M id-term Long-term Total
Group-A Project for M aintenance and Rehabilitation of Existing Facilities 5,485 3,791 3,792 13,067
On-going Group-B Projects 2,339 498 0 2,837
Capacity Development of NWRB and Relevant Agencies on Water

IS-C-04 NWRB/Others 300 300 Less than 5 58.6
Flood Control M easures in M t. Pinatubo Devastated Area- Focus on
FL-P-01 DPWH 4,320 4,320 Less than 5 55.4
Pasac Delta
FL-C-01 Flood M itigation for Pampanga Delta DPWH 100 5,368 5,468 5 5 10 54.5
Appropriate Irrigation Technologies for Enhanced Agricultural
AI-P-07 NIA 654 654 Less than 5 54.0
Production
Improvement of M onitoring System and Capacity Development for
AI-C-03 NIA 150 150 Less than 5 53.8
Proper Water M anagement in NISs and CISs
DENR/
WS-C-02 Protected Area M anagement Program (PAM P) 202 202 404 5 5 10 53.1
PAWCZM S
DA/DENR/
WS-C-01 Upland Development Program 490 490 980 5 5 10 52.9
LGUs
AI-P-10 Rehabilitation of AM RIS NIA 983 983 Less than 5 51.9

Enhancement of M onitoring System for Surface Water in Pampanga NWRB/
IS-C-03 10 10 Less than 5 50.8
River Basin Others
AI-C-02 Introduction of Water Saving Irrigation Technology NIA 150 150 Less than 5 50.7
Establishment of Comprehensive Groundwater M onitoring in NWRB/
IS-C-01 99 99 99 297 5 5 5 15 50.5
Pampanga River Basin Others
Construction of Priority Small Scale Irrigation Systems/Small Water DA Region III/
AI-P-11 169 169 Less than 5 50.4
Impounding Projects, Small Diversion Dam Projects LGUs
AI-P-02 Balog-Balog M ultipurpose Project Phase 2 NIA 8,942 7,153 16,095 5 4 9 49.8
Casecnan M ulti-purpose Irrigation & Power Project Irrigation
AI-P-04 NIA 5,000 2,000 7,000 5 2 7 48.8
Component Phase 2
Community Based Flood Early Warning System for Provinces of
FL-C-02 LGUs 8 8 Less than 5 48.1
Pampanga, Tarlac and N. Ecija
Capacity Development to Improve Water Quality and Aquaculture
WQ-C-02 DA-BFAR 48 48 Less than 5 47.8
Fisheries M anagement
AI-P-03 Sector Loan on Rehabilitation of Irrigation Facilities NIA 222 222 Less than 5 47.8
WS-C-03 Urban Greening Program LGUs 88 88 88 264 5 5 5 15 46.0

BSWM /
AI-C-01 New Construction of Small Scale Irrigation Project under BSWM 257 257 514 5 5 10 46.0
LGUs
Capacity Development to Upgrade WQ M onitoring and Data
WQ-C-01 DENR-EM B 140 140 Less than 5 45.7
M anagement Program
DOT/DENR/
WS-C-04 Community-based Eco-tourism Program 132 132 264 5 5 10 45.1
LGUs
NIA/
AI-P-01 Balintingon Reservoir M ultipurpose Project (BRM P) 9,708 3,883 13,591 5 2 7 44.6
G. Trino
AI-P-08 Central Luzon Groundwater Irrigation Systems Reactivation Project NIA 1,429 1,429 Less than 5 44.0
DTI/DENR/
Capacity Development Project to Improve Industry Adoption of
WQ-C-03 Private 60 60 Less than 5 43.1
Cleaner Production Options
Industries
M CWM C/
M P-C-01 Septage Treatment and Disposal Facility LGUs/WDs/ 255 255 510 5 5 10 42.9
Private
Irrigation Water Resources Augmentation Pump Establishment
AI-P-06 NIA 130 130 Less than 5 40.0
Project
AI-P-05 Procurement of Pumps, Drilling Rigs & Related Equipment NIA 206 206 Less than 5 39.7
AI-P-09 Gumain Reservoir Project NIA 1,716 12,013 13,729 1 7 8 38.1
FL-P-02 Bacolor Comprehensive Rehabilitation M aster Plan LGU 1,500 1,500 Less than 5 38.0
Total 30,287 33,582 21,630 85,499
ANT-11-11
Annex-T 11.2.7 Implementation Schedule for Group-B Projects
Sector Code Name of Project Implementing Agency Short-term Mid-term Long-term
AI-P-07 Appropriate Irrigation Technologies for Enhanced Agricultural Production NIA 654
AI-C-02 Introduction of Water Saving Irrigation Technology NIA 150
AI-C-03 Improvement of Monitoring System and Capacity Development for Proper Water Management in NISs and CISs NIA 150
AI-G-01 Balog-Balog Multipurpose Project Phase 1 NIA 236
AI-G-02 Along-along Creek Irrigation Project (UPRIIS Div3) NIA 25
AI-G-10 Upper Tabuating SRIP NIA 76
AI-G-07 Participatory Irrigation Development Project, APL1-Infrastructure Development NIA 41
AI-P-10 Rehabilitation of AMRIS NIA 983
Agriculture/Irrigati AI-P-03 Sector Loan on Rehabilitation of Irrigation Facilities NIA 222
on and Fisheries AI-P-11 Construction of Priority Small Scale Irrigation Systems/Small Water Impounding Projects, Small Diversion Dam Projects DA Region III/LGUs 169
AI-P-02 Balog-Balog Multipurpose Project Phase 2 NIA 8,942 7,153
AI-P-04 Casecnan Multi-purpose Irrigation & Power Project Irrigation Component Phase 2 NIA 5,000 2,000
AI-C-01 New Construction of Small Scale Irrigation Project under BSWM BSWM/LGUs 257 257
AI-P-08 Central Luzon Groundwater Irrigation Systems Reactivation Project NIA 1,429
AI-P-06 Irrigation Water Resources Augmentation Pump Establishment Project NIA 130
AI-P-05 Procurement of Pumps, Drilling Rigs & Related Equipment NIA 206
ANT-11-12
AI-P-01 Balintingon Reservoir Multipurpose Project (BRMP) NIA/G. Trino 9,708 3,883
AI-P-09 Gumain Reservoir Project NIA 1,716 12,013
Municipal Water MP-G-01 Cabanatuan Sewerage System LGU 189

Supply, Sanitation MP-G-02 Expansion of Clark Sewerage System Clark Water 456
and Sewerage MP-C-01 Septage Treatment and Disposal Facility LWUA/WDs/LGUs/Private WSPs 255 255
FL-G-01 Pinatubo Hazard Urgent Project (PHUMP) Phase III Part I DPWH 470
FL-G-02 Pinatubo Hazard Urgent Project (PHUMP) Phase III Part II DPWH 5
Management of FL-P-01 Flood Control Measures in Mt. Pinatubo Devastated Area- Focus on Pasac Delta DPWH 4,320
Flood and Sediment FL-C-01 Flood Mitigation for Pampanga Delta DPWH 100 5,368
Disasters FL-G-04 Flood Forecasting and Warning System Capacity Building Project upon Dam Release in the Philippines PAGASA 300
FL-C-02 Community Based Flood Early Warning System for Provinces of Pampanga, Tarlac and N. Ecija LGUs 8
FL-P-02 Bacolor Comprehensive Rehabilitation Master Plan LGU 1,500
WS-G-03 Integrated Agro-Forestry Development Program (CBFM-CARP) DENR/RCBFMO/DAR 31
WS-G-11 Forestlands Management Project (FMP) DENR-FASPO 498 498
WS-G-12 Pampanga River Basin Rehabilitation Project (PRBRP) DENR-FRCD 12
Watershed
WS-C-01 Upland Development Program (UDP) DA/DENR/LGUs 490 490
Management
WS-C-02 Protected Area Management Program (PAMP) DENR-PAWZCMS 202 202
WS-C-03 Urban Greening Program DENR/LGUs/Pvt. Sector 88 88 88
WS-C-04 Community-based Eco-tourism Program DOT/DENR/LGUs 132 132
Water-related WQ-C-01 Capacity Development to Upgrade WQ Monitoring and Data Management Program DENR-EMB 140
Environment WQ-C-02 Capacity Development to Improve Water Quality and Aquaculture Fisheries Management DA-BFAR 48
Management WQ-C-03 Capacity Development Project to Improve Industry Adoption of Cleaner Production Options DTI/DENR/Private Industries 60
IS-C-01 Establishment of Comprehensive Groundwater Monitoring in Pampanga River Basin NWRB/Others 99 99 99
Others IS-C-03 Enhancement of Monitoring System for Surface Water in Pampanga River NWRB/Others 10
IS-C-04 Capacity Development of NWRB and Relevant Agencies on Water Allocation and Distribution NWRB/Others 300
Annex-T 11.2.8 (1/3) Development Scenarios and Relevant Projects (Group-B)
Cost (Million)
Target Completion Implementing
Sector Development Scenario Project Short-term Mid-term Long-term Total
Period Agency
(2011-2015) (2016-2020) (2021-2025) (2011-2025)
(1) Improvement of Irrigation Technologies Appropriate Irrigation Technologies for Enhanced Agricultural
AI-P-07 NIA 654 654
Production
The innovative irrigation technologies shall be developed and the capacity building on
Short-term AI-C-02 Introduction of Water Saving Irrigation Technology NIA 150 150
usage of the technologies shall be made so as to increase the irrigation efficiency and
save the irrigation water by 2015. Improvement of Monitoring System and Capacity Development for
AI-C-03 NIA 150 150
Proper Water Management in NISs and CISs
(2) Short-term Development of Irrigation Systems
AI-G-01 Balog-Balog Multipurpose Project Phase 1 NIA 236 236
The agricultural productivity shall be increased through the seven (7) irrigation
AI-G-02 Along-along Creek Irrigation Project (UPRIIS Div3) NIA 25 25
development projects, which contribute to the beneficial area (newly developed) of
5,880ha, the beneficial area (rehabilitated) of 37,046 ha and beneficiaries of 56,640 farm- AI-G-10 Upper Tabuating SRIP NIA 76 76
families in total, by 2015.
Participatory Irrigation Development Project, APL1-Infrastructure
Short-term AI-G-07 NIA 41 41
Development
AI-P-10 Rehabilitation of AMRIS NIA 983 983
AI-P-03 Sector Loan on Rehabilitation of Irrigation Facilities NIA 222 222

Construction of Priority Small Scale Irrigation Systems/Small Water DA Region III/
AI-P-11 169 169
Impounding Projects, Small Diversion Dam Projects LGUs
Agriculture/Irrigation (3) Mid-term Development of Irrigation Systems
AI-P-02 Balog-Balog Multipurpose Project Phase 2 NIA 8,942 7,153 16,095
and Fisheries
The agricultural projects shall be increased through the six (6) irrigation development Casecnan Multi-purpose Irrigation & Power Project Irrigation
AI-P-04 NIA 5,000 2,000 7,000
projects, which contribute to the beneficial area (newly developed) of 58,443 ha, the Component Phase 2
ANT-11-13
beneficial area (rehabilitated) of 50,904 ha and the beneficiaries of 101,893 farm-families AI-C-01 New Construction of Small Scale Irrigation Project under BSWM BSWM/LGUs 257 257 514
in total by 2020. Short-term/Mid-term
AI-P-08 Central Luzon Groundwater Irrigation Systems Reactivation Project NIA 1,429 1,429
Irrigation Water Resources Augmentation Pump Establishment
AI-P-06 NIA 130 130
Project
AI-P-05 Procurement of Pumps, Drilling Rigs & Related Equipment NIA 206 206
(4) Long-term Development of Irrigation Systems
AI-P-01 Balintingon Reservoir Multipurpose Project (BRMP) NIA/G. Trino 9,708 3,883 13,591
The agricultural projects shall be increased through the two (2) irrigation development
AI-P-09 Gumain Reservoir Project NIA 1,716 12,013 13,729
projects, which contribute to the beneficial area (newly developed) of 31,100 ha and the
Mid-term/Long-term
beneficiaries of 9,152 farm-families in total by 2025.
Total 16,905 22,599 15,896 55,400

(1) Development of Sewerage Systems
MP-G-01 Cabanatuan Sewerage System LGU 189 189
The on-going development for the sewerage systems for Cabanatuan City in Nueva Ecija
Short-term MP-G-02 Expansion of Clark Sewerage System Clark Water 456 456
and Clark City in Tarlac shall be completed by 2015. Upon completion of the projects,
about 12 % of the population in Cabanatuan City and 100% in Clark would be served by
the public sewerage system.
(2) Construction/Provision of Septage Treatment and Disposal Facilities LWUA/WDs/LGUs
Municipal Water MP-C-01 Septage Treatment and Disposal Facility 255 255 510
/Private WSPs
Supply, Sanitation
The services of the septage treatment and disposal facilities shall be provided to about
and Sewerage
80% of the urban area in the following ten cities/municipalities by 2025: (1) Angeles, (2)
Mid-term/Long-term
San Fernado, (3) Guagua and (4) Mabalacat, (5) Baliuag, (6) Calumpit, (7) Hagonoy and
(8) Malolos, (9) Cabanatuan and (10) Tarlac.
Total 645 255 255 1,155

Cost (Million)
Period Agency
(2011-2015) (2016-2020) (2021-2025) (2011-2025)
(1) Flood Mitigation for Pasac River Basin (Eastern Pinatubo Area)
FL-G-01 Pinatubo Hazard Urgent Project (PHUMP) Phase III Part I DPWH 470 470
All on-going, proposed and conceptual flood mitigation projects for Pasac river basin
FL-G-02 Pinatubo Hazard Urgent Project (PHUMP) Phase III Part II DPWH 5 5
shall be completed by 2015. Upon completion of the projects, the chronic flood damage Short-term
in the area of about 57,300 ha would be mitigated, and about 309,000 people would be Flood Control Measures in Mt. Pinatubo Devastated Area- Focus on
FL-P-01 DPWH 4,320 4,320
benefitted. Pasac Delta
(2) Flood Mitigation for Pampanga Delta

FL-C-01 Flood Mitigation for Pampanga Delta DPWH 100 5,368 5,468
shall be completed by 2020.

The flood mitigation plan for Pampanga Delta Short-term and Mid-
Upon completion of the projects, the chronic flood damage in term
Pampanga Delta of about 32,400 ha would be mitigated, and about
175 000 people would be benefitted
(3) Capacity Building on the Appropriate Dam Reservoir Operation against Flood Flood Forecasting and Warning System Capacity Building Project
FL-G-04 PAGASA 300 300
Management of Flood upon Dam Release in the Philippines
and Sediment The capacity building on the appropriate reservoir operation against flood for
Short-term
Disasters Pantabangan Dam and Angat Dam shall be made through the technical cooperation by
JICA by 2015.
(4) Establishment of Community-based Flood Forecasting and Warning System for Community Based Flood Early Warning System for Provinces of
FL-C-02 LGUs 8 8
Provinces of Pampanga, Tarlac and Nueva Ecija Pampanga, Tarlac and N. Ecija
Succeeding to Bulacan Province, Pampanga, Tarlac and Nueva Ecija shall be provided
Short-term
with the community-based flood forecasting and waning system by 2015.
ANT-11-14
(5) Flood Mitigation for Bacolor Municipality

FL-P-02 Bacolor Comprehensive Rehabilitation Master Plan LGU 1,500 1,500
The current potential flood damage in Bacolor Municipality shall be reduced through
Long-term
river channel improvement of Gugu River, drainage improvement by 2025.
Total 5,203 5,368 1,500 12,071

(1) Strengthening of the On-going Reforestation Efforts DENR/
WS-G-03 Integrated Agro-Forestry Development Program (CBFM-CARP) 31 31
RCBFMO/DAR
The seven (7) special projects shall be implemented in order to strengthen the on-going
reforestation efforts. The target outcomes by the special projects are as below: WS-G-11 Forestlands Management Project (FMP) DENR-FASPO 498 498 996
(a) The forest cover shall expand by 39,900has. at the rate of 2,660has./yr by 2025
WS-G-12 Pampanga River Basin Rehabilitation Project (PRBRP) DENR-FRCD 12 12
through implementation of WS-G-03, WS-G-11, WS-G-12, WS-C-01, WS-C-02
and WS-C-04. DA/DENR/
WS-C-01 Upland Development Program (UDP) 490 490 980
LGUs
(b) Agro-forestry cover shall expand by 21,500has. at the rate of 1,430has./yr through
WS-C-02 Protected Area Management Program (PAMP) DENR-PAWZCMS 202 202 404
implementation of WS-G-11, WS-G-12 and WS-C-01. The expansion of agro-
forestry could enhance access to the livelihood and economic opportunities for DENR/LGUs/
upland occupants, particularly the indigenous communities. WS-C-03 Urban Greening Program 88 88 88 264
Pvt. Sector
(c) The degraded and severely eroded uplands/untenured watersheds of 10,500has. in Whole Period
Watershed WS-C-04 Community-based Eco-tourism Program DOT/DENR/LGUs 132 132 264
Management particular shall be restored through implementation of WS-C-01.
(d) Urban greening (WS-C-03) shall cover 7,300has. of open spaces and 222 linear
km of roads and riverbanks.
(e) The objective forest protection area of 56,100has. under WS-C-02 shall be
officially included into the NIPAS areas and provided with the formal management
in order to conserve the biodiversity in critical habitats and natural ecosystems.
(f) The facilities and services for eco-tourism to the natural integrated protected areas
and/or the critical habitats in the study area shall be improved through WS-C-04 so
as to increase the income levels for the communities and to enhance the present
natural conditions of the important habitats and ecosystems in these areas.
Total 1,453 1,410 88 2,951

Cost (Million)
Period Agency
(2011-2015) (2016-2020) (2021-2025) (2011-2025)
(1) Improvement of Monitoring and Processing System for the Water Quality Data Capacity Development to Upgrade WQ Monitoring and Data
WQ-C-01 DENR-EMB 140 140
Management Program
DENR shall improve the monitoring and processing system for the water quality data
taking the following measures: (a) Rationalize water quality monitoring and pollution
Short-term
regulatory compliance, (b) Compile inventory of pollution sources, (c) Upgrade
management capability of DENR Staffs and other stakeholders and (d) Upgrade the data
Water-related management system
Environment
(2) Capacity Development to Reduce Pollution Load Capacity Development to Improve Water Quality and Aquaculture
Management WQ-C-02 DA-BFAR 48 48
Fisheries Management
The capability of fishpond operators and non-compliant industries will be improved over Capacity Development Project to Improve Industry Adoption of DTI/DENR/
Short-term and Mid-term WQ-C-03 60 60
the mid-term towards adopting cleaner production options in order to reduce their Cleaner Production Options Private Industries
impacts on water quality.
Total 188 60 0 248

(1) Enhancement of Monitoring of Groundwater and Surface Water Establishment of Comprehensive Groundwater Monitoring in
IS-C-01 NWRB/Others 99 99 99 297
The monitoring of the groundwater and surface water shall be enhanced in order to Enhancement of Monitoring System for Surface Water in Pampanga
Whole Terms IS-C-03 NWRB/Others 10 10
apprehend the actual status of the water resources in Pampanga river basin River
(2) Capacity Development on Water Allocation and Distribution Capacity Development of NWRB and Relevant Agencies on Water
Others IS-C-04 NWRB/Others 300 300
ANT-11-15
The appropriate methodologies on the water allocation and distribution for municipal
Short-term
water use, irrigation, hydropower generation and other various water uses shall be
introduced to NWRB and other relevant agencies
Total 409 99 99 607
Grand Total 24,803 29,791 17,838 72,432

Annex-T 12.4.1 Institutional Structure of Watershed and Forest Management
National Agencies Office of the President DPWH DA DE
DENR PAMB
NCIP NDCC PMO-MFC FCSEC BSWM NIA NPC
FMB, FMS RBCO PAWD
PENRO/CENRO PASU
Local Government LGUs, WDs
Type of Service Municipality Province City RBO
WATERSHED MANAGEMENT 
 Watershed Project Rationalize
 Protection of Soil and Water 
 Control of Illegal Logging,
Kaingin Farming, Unsustainable
Practices
 Flood Control National M/P    Planning
 Protection of Project Area  
FOREST MANAGEMENT (CBFM)  Rationalize
 Social Forestry  
ANT-12-1
 Community-based Forestry  
Project
 Integrated Social Forestry   
Program
 Community Forestry  
 Forest Fire Protection  
 Conservation of Mangrove   / 
PROTECTED AREA 
MANAGEMENT
 Management of Conservation 
Areas
TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE DENR-FMS
 Policies, Plans, Programs
 Forest Protection and
Maintenance
 Community Involvement
Notes:  Main national agency;  Regulatory function;  responsible organization

Annex-T 13.3.1 (1/7) Outlines of Proposed and Conceptual Projects and Programs of IWRM Plan
Groups Possible Documents
Proposed/Conceptual
Sector Outline/Scope of the Program/Project under Required For
Program/Project
PEISS ECC/CNC Application
1. Agriculture/ AI-P-01: Balintingon Reservoir Major activities are the construction of the facilities:
Irrigation and Multipurpose Project (BRMP) ・ Rock-fill center-core dam (H=140m) and its appurtenant structures with an aim to have the
Fisheries reservoir with 572 MCM storage capacity.
・ Open-type powerhouse equipped with 2 Francis type turbines with the capacity of 15 MW Group I EIS
・ Diversion weir (L=140m)
・ Irrigation facilities: main canal (L=109km), laterals(L=168km) and sub-laterals, main and
supplementary farm ditches, drainage channels (L=210km), and access roads
AI-P-02: Balog-Balog Multipurpose Major activities are construction of the facilities:
Project Phase 2 ・ High earth and rock fill dam (H=113.5m) with the storage capacity of 625 MCM (effective storage:
525 MCM)
・ Hydropower plant with the capacity of 43.5MW
・ 150 to 200 deep production wells to develop ground water for supplementation of the irrigation Group I EIS
water supply
・ Fishery component consisting of the construction and production of tilapia species in fixed
ANT-13-1
floating cages of at least 150 ha within the Balog-Balog reservoir area. Estimated fishery production
per cage is 6,300 kg/year*cage.
AI-P-03: Sector Loan on Major activity is rehabilitation of diversion works, canal system, drainage system, road, and O&M
Group V App. for APS
Rehabilitation of Irrigation Facilities facilities.
AI-P-04: Casecnan Multi-purpose Major activities are:
Power & Irrigation Project Irrigation ・ New construction of extension of Super Diversion Canal, construction of lateral, and sub-lateral
Component Phase 2 canals, drainage canals and related structures Group II/III EIS/App. for APS
・ Rehabilitation/Improvement of UPRIS, such as rehabilitation of PENRIS main and lateral canals,
and related structures
AI-P-05: Procurement of Pumps, Major activity is procurement of the following materials:
Drilling Rigs & Related Equipment ・ 1,000 units of centrifugal pumps
Group V App. for APS
・ 1 units of trailer mounted rotary/percussion type drilling rings
・ 2 units of resistively machines & electric logger
AI-P-06: Irrigation Water Resources Major activities are:
Augmentation Pump Establishment ・ Procurement of 1,330 units of pumps including diesel engines
- -
Project ・ Installation of 301 units of shallow tube wells
・ Installation of 1,029 units of surface water pump irrigation to cover the entire target area
AI-P-07: Appropriate Irrigation Major activity is installation of the irrigation system with drip sprinkler and flood irrigation operated
Technologies for Enhanced by the solar power - -
Agricultural Production

Proposed/Conceptual
Program/Project
1. Agriculture/ AI-P-08: Central Luzon Groundwater Major activities are:
Irrigation and Irrigation Systems Reactivation ・ Construction of 100 deep well pump systems covering 5,000 ha
- -
Fisheries Project ・ Provision of rural water supply in the selected barrangays
・ Procurement of equipment
AI-P-09: Gumain Reservoir Project Major activity is construction of 108m high, zoned embankment dam to store irrigation water which
covers 11,000 ha of paddy field and 5,200 ha of sugarcane plantation and to increase the water Group I EIS
supply in 7,900 ha of Porac-Gumain & Caulaman RIS.
AI-P-10: Rehabilitation of AMRIS Major activity is rehabilitation of Bustos, Lower & Upper Maasim Dam. - -
AI-P-11: Construction of Priority Major activities are:
Small Scale Irrigation Systems/Small ・ Construction of SWIP and SDD in the above-mentioned provinces IEE checklist/
Group II/III
Water Impounding Projects (SWIP), ・ Rehabilitation of SDD and SWIP in Nueva Ecija App. for APS
Small Diversion Dam Projects (SDD)
AI-C-01: New Construction of Small Major activity is construction of small scale irrigation systems which are not covered by on-going
ANT-13-2
Scale Irrigation Project under BSWM and planned projects under BSWM such as:
・ Diversion Dam (18 nos in 959 ha) IEE checklist/
Group II/III
・ Small Water Impounding Projects (24 nos in 1,635 ha) App. for APS
・ Small Farm Reservoir (4 nos in 112 ha)
・ Shallow Tube Well (STW) and others
AI-C-02: Introduction of Water Major activities are:
Saving Irrigation Technology ・ Trial and research on water saving irrigation technology
・ Operation of demonstration farms on water saving irrigation technology
・ Training to trainers and technical campaign to Irrigator’s Associations - -
・ Monitoring with close coordination among related agencies, such as DA, NIA, PhilRice, IRRI,
and JICA technical cooperation project, etc.
・ Capacity development of IAs
AI-C-03: Improvement of Major activities are:
Monitoring System and Capacity ・ Installation of additional discharge measurement device
Development for Proper Water ・ Improvement of discharge monitoring system
- -
Management in NISs and CISs ・ Review of calibration of conversion tables
・ Establishment of communication system
・ Capacity development
Proposed/Conceptual
Program/Project
2. Municipal Water MW-P-01: Rehabilitation of Umiray- Major activities is permanent rehabilitation works which includes:
Supply, Sanitation Macua Facilities ･ Complete restoration of the access road to tunnel outlet
and Sewerage ･ Construction of permanent RCDG bridge for tunnel outlet
･ Widening of ox-bow channel at the tunnel outlet
･ Intake structures such as various mechanical gates; trash rack, waterway protection works,
- -
retaining wall, ogee dam, etc.
･ Rehabilitation of mini-hydro plant
･ Construction of log arresters
･ Installation of power/communication cables inside the tunnel
･ Village/Housing relocation
MW-P-02: Sumag River Diversion Major activity is construction works such as:
Project ･ Intake facilities Group II/III IEE/App. for APS
･ Connection canal to the tunnel
MW-P-03: Bulacan Treated Bulk Major activity is construction works such as: water supply facilities, including a raw aqueduct, a
ANT-13-3
Water Supply Project treatment plant, reservoirs, pumping station and primary lines which cover 10 municipalities of - -
Bulacan.
MW-P-04: Metro Clark Bulk Surface Major activity is installation of the water system with possible construction of storage dams at EIS (Possible amendment
Group I
Water Project some of the potential sites such as Marimula, Sacobia and Bangut. for existing ECC)
MW-C-01: Additional Level 3,2,1 Major activities are:
facilities towards 2025 in Bulacan ・ Development of water supply systems:
MW-C-02: Additional Level 3,2,1 1) Installation of new water system
facilities towards 2025 in Pampanga 2) Expansion and rehabilitation of the existing water system
Group II/III IEE/App. for APS
MW-C-03: Additional Level 3,2,1 ・ Soft components:
facilities towards 2025 in Nueva Ecija 1) Utilization of high technology equipment in development of water system
MW-C-04: Additional Level 3,2,1 2) Immediate water repairs
facilities towards 2025 in Tarlac 3) Provision of water meters
MW-C-05: Extended Bulacan Bulk There are four (4) options proposed:
Water Supply Project ・ Bayabas Storage Dam
・ Balintingon Storage Dam (same as AI-P-01)
・ Upgrading and improvement of irrigation facilities and water management of AMRIS, consisting Group I EIS
of installation of the water pipes/aqueducts
・ Excess water for MWSS from the dams such as Ipo dam which can be constructed outside the
Pampanga river basin
Proposed/Conceptual
Program/Project
2. Municipal Water MW-C-06: Pampanga Bulk Water There are three (3) options proposed:
Supply, Sanitation Supply Project ・ Residual groundwater at surrounding cities/municipalities
Group I EIS
and Sewerage ・ Pampanga river at Cong Dadong dam
・ Gumain storage dam, same as AI-P-09
MS-C-01: Additional sanitary Major activities are:
facilities towards 2025 in Bulacan ・ Installation of conventional toilets and ecosan toilets
MS-C-02: Additional sanitary ・ Capacity development of the implementing agencies for social preparation for users
facilities towards 2025 in Pampanga
- -
MS-C-03: Additional sanitary
facilities towards 2025 in Nueva Ecija
MS-C-04: Additional sanitary
facilities towards 2025 in Tarlac
MP-C-01: Septage Treatment and Major activity is purchase of trucks for transportation of septage to the septage treatment and
- -
Disposal Facility disposal facilities, such as the existing sanitary landfill in Kalangitan, Capas, Tarlac.
ANT-13-4
3. Management of FL-P-01: Flood Control Measures in Major activities are:

Flood and Sediment Mt. Pinatubo Devastated Area- ・ Widening of the existing “pilot third river channel” (22.6 km in length from the confluence with
The type of the document
Disasters Focus on Pasac Delta Abacan river/San Fernando river) from the existing bottom width of 30 to 60 m
for ECC shall require
・ Excavation of the Pasac river as an eastern alignment of the pilot third river channel Group II/III
further discussion with
・ Local drainage improvement connecting the San Fernando river to the Third river and the
EMB
excavation of San Fernando river (total length:29.6m)
・ Key road raising to ensure that the transportation routes can be maintained during floods
FL-P-02: Bacolor Comprehensive Major activities are:
Rehabilitation Master Plan ・ Construction of Gugu ring dike (7.8 km in length)
・ Completion of the unfinished portion of Gugu Dike (1.0 km in length) The type of the document
・ Channel excavation of Gugu creek and other various creeks (20 km in length) for ECC shall require
Group II/III
・ Slope protection of various creeks in Bacolor municipality (11.0 km in length) further discussion with
・ Construction of new drainage canals (47.5 km in length) EMB
・ Installation of floodwater pumps in the southern part of Bacolor (2 units)
・ Construction of diversion channel for Pasig-Potrero river
FL-C-01: Flood Mitigation for The options proposed are:
Pampanga Delta ・ Construction of riverbank and channel dredgeing/excavation at the downstream of Pampanga
Group I EIS
river
・ Development of the flood retarding basin through construction of the dike
Proposed/Conceptual
Program/Project
3. Management of FL-C-02: Community Based Flood Major activities are:
Flood and Sediment Early Warning System for Provinces ・ Establishment of the simple monitoring and communication system managed by the community
Disasters of Pampanga, Tarlac and N. Ecija for flood warning
・ Capacity building for the municipal and barangay personnel for operation, maintenance and - -
management of the flood warning system
・ Information, Education and Communication (IEC) for the residents on the eligible flood
evacuation routes/evacuation centers
FL-C-03: Maintenance, Rehabilitation Major activity is implementation of the maintenance, rehabilitation and improvement works for
and Improvement for Drainage and drainage and flood control facilities.
- -
Flood Control Facilities under
Jurisdiction of LGUs
FL-C-04: Integration of Salient Major activity is awareness raising activities targeting the students.
Points of IWRM for Pampanga River - -
Basin into School Curricula
ANT-13-5
4. Watershed WS-C-01: Upland Development Possible component of the project is capacity development of upland farmers through the trainings,
- -
Management Program such as FFS with provision of the necessary equipments.
WS-C-02: Protected Area Major activities are:
Management Program ・ Characterization of watershed (basic resource inventory, assessment and mapping, and socio-
economy survey)
・ Designation and ground delineation of the management zones
・ Organization of PAMBs and establishment of IPAF
・ Formulation of Protected Area Management Plans and harmonization with ancestral domain
plans, forest land use plans and comprehensive landuse plans to address conflicting land use
issues
- -
・ Setting up of the mechanism to streamline compliance with FPIC requirements in ancestral domain
areas
・ Initial implementation of priority action plans:
- Community-based reforestation through assisted natural regeneration in 5,615 ha of degraded
forests
- Biodiversity and wildlife conservation
- Alternative livelihood for forest occupants
- IEC campaigns
WS-C-03: Urban Greening Program Major activities are:
・ Community/volunteers organization - -
・ Planting of timber and non-timber species

Proposed/Conceptual
Program/Project
4. Watershed WS-C-04: Eco-tourism Program Major activities are:
Management ・ Capacity development of the communities on guiding tours and relevant business management - -
・ Installation/renovation of the relevant facilities
5. Water-related WQ-P-01: Clean Development Major activities are:
Environment Mechanism ・ Installation of facilities for wastewater and waste collection Group II/III IEE/App. for APS
Management ・ Installation of treatment facilities to capture and convert methane gas, and to produce electricity
WQ-C-01: Capacity Development to Major activities are:
Upgrade Water Quality monitoring ・ Revision and rationalization of the existing monitoring system of water quality/effluent
and Data Management Program ・ Preparation of inventory and identification of the pollution sources
・ Capacity development of the staffs on laboratory management with the provision of appropriate
facilities and equipments - -
・ Capacity development of WQMA governing board, private industries and other stakeholders
・ Strength the regulatory and coordination mechanism among the DENR-EMB, the LGUs and
relevant agencies
ANT-13-6
・ IEC
WQ-C-02: Capacity Development to Major activities are:
Improve Water Quality and ・ Assessment of carrying capacity studies
- -
Aquaculture Fisheries Management ・ Capacity building of relevant agencies
・ Setup the information management systems
WQ-C-03: Capacity Development Major activities are:
Project to Improve Industry ・ Organization of the counterpart team
Adoption of Cleaner Production ・ Preparation of inventory of non-compliant industries
Options ・ Evaluation of production and environmental management system of the participating industries
・ Needs assessment and priority setting - -
・ Setting up of institutional, policy, market-based financial support mechanisms
・ Preparation of the industry-specific clean production manuals
・ Trainings
・ IEC
Proposed/Conceptual
Program/Project
5. Water-related WQ-C-04: Construction of Sanitary Major activities are:
Environment Landfills and Support Facilities in ・ Construction of 5 sanitary landfills in Nueva Ecija, with the capacity for the 485,802 populations:
Management Nueva Ecija and Cluster Waste 1) Provincial sanitary landfill at Gen.Tino
Transfer Stations in Bulacan and 2) Sanitary landfills at Munoz City, San Jose City, Palayan City and St. Rosa
IEE-checklist/
Pampanga 3) Materials Recovery Facilities : 12 municipalities Group II/III
App. for APS
・ Construction of 4 cluster transfer station-cum-materials recovery facilities for a cluter of LGUs in
Bulacan and Pampanga, with the capacity for 2,020, 740 populations
1) Construction of 1 cluster transfer station each for a) Baliuag and Calumpit, b) Hagonoy and
Malolos City, c) Angeles City and Guagua, d) Mabalacat and San Fernando City
6. Inter-sector for IS-C-01: Establishment of Major activities are:
Water Resources Comprehensive Groundwater ・ Installation of monitoring wells
Management Monitoring in Pampanga River Basin ・ Setting up of the monitoring network with the database management system - -
・ Capacity development of NWRB in ground water resource monitoring, which may include policy
setting up for the groundwater regulation.
ANT-13-7
IS-C-02: Project for Recovery of There are four (4) options proposed which could be combined depending on the results of the
Reliability of Water Supply in Angat- following studies :
Umiray System ・ Bayabas Storage Dam
・ Balintingon Storage Dam (same as AI-P-01)
Group I EIS
・ Upgrading and improvement of irrigation facilities and water management of AMRIS, consisting
of installation of the water pipes/aqueducts
・ Excess water for MWSS from the dams such as Ipo dam which can be constructed outside the
Pampanga river basin
IS-C-03: Enhancement of Monitoring Major activities are:
System for Surface Water in ・ Establishment of monitoring networks with proper database management
- -
Pampanga River Basin ・ Capacity development of NWRB/RBO in monitoring of surface water to obtain the necessary data
for control of water permits
IS-C-04: Capacity Development of Major activities are:
NWRB and Relevant Agencies on ・ Capacity development of NWRB and relevant agencies on 1) improvement of water permit
Water Allocation and Distribution system, especially irrigation water use in Angat-Umiray system, and 2) operation of water allocation - -
and its monitoring in Angat-Umiray system
・ Identification of potential/existing critical area for water
Annex-T 13.3.2 (1/4) Summary of Environmental Scoping for Projects and Programs of IWRM Plan
Sector Agriculture/Irrigation and Fishery
Project Code*/ Impact Items AI-P-01 AI-P-02 AI-P-03 AI-P-04 AI-P-05 AI-P-06 AI-P-07 AI-P-08 AI-P-09 AI-P-10 AI-P-11 AI-C-01 AI-C-02 AI-C-03
1 Involuntary resettlement A- A- C- C- - - - - C- C- C- C- - -
2 Local Economy such as Employment & Livelihood, etc. B+/C- B+/C- B+ B+ B+ B+ B+ B+ B+/C- B+ B+ B+ B+ C+
3 Land use & Utilization of Local Resources B+/C- B+/C- B+ B+/ C- B+ B+ B+ B+ B+/C- C+/C- B+ B+ B+ C+
Social Environment
4 Regional severance C- C- - C- - - - - C- - C- C- - -
Existing social infrastructure & Services such as Traffic/Existing Public

5 C+/C- B+ /C- B+ C- - - C+ - B+ B+ - - B+ -
Facilities
6 Social vulnerable groups such as the poverty and ethnic minority C+/A- C+/A- C+/C- C+/C- C+/C- C+/C- - C+/C- C+/C- C+/C- C+/C- C+/C- - -
7 Inequality between beneficiaries and project-affected peoples B- B- - - - - - - C- C- C- C- - -
8 Cultural heritage C- C- - - - - - - C- - C- C- - -
9 Conflict of interests C- C- C- C- C- C- - C- C- C- C- C- - -
10 Water use right and common land use right B- B- C- C- C- C- - C- B- C- C- C- C+ -
11 Sanitation C- C- C- C- C- C- - C- C- C- C- C- - -
12 Disaster (natural risk) and epidemic as HIV B+ /C- B+ /C- C- C- C- C- - C- B+ /C- C- C- C- - -
13 Topography and geology B- B- - - C- C- - - B- - - - - -

ANT-13-8
14 Soil erosion C- C- - C- - - - - C- C- C- C- - -
Natural Environment
15 Ground water C+/C- C+/C- - - C- C- - C- C+/C- C- C+/C- C+/C- - -
16 Flow regime of lake and river B- B- C- B- C- C- - - B- C- C- C- - -
17 National Park or equivalent area in terms of its ecological importance C- B- C- C- - C- C- C- C- C- C- C- - -
18 Coastal and sea area C- C- C- C- C- C- - C- - C- C- C- - -
19 Flora and fauna B- B- C- C- C- - - C- B- C- C- C- - -
20 Climate - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
21 Landscape B- B- - - - - - - B- - C- C- - -
22 Global warming - - - - - - C+ - - - - - - -
23 Air pollution C- C- C- C- C- C- - C- C- C- C- C- - -
24 Water pollution B- B- C+/C- C+/C- C+/C- C+/C- C+/C- C+/C- B- C+/C- C+/C- C+/C- - -
25 Soil pollution C- C- C+/C- C+/C- C+/C- C+/C- C+/C- C+/C- C- - C+/C- C+/C- - -
Pollution
26 Waste B- B- C- C- C- C- - C- B- C- C- C- - -
27 Noise and vibration B- B- C- C- - - - - C- C- C- C- - -
28 Ground subsidence - - - - C- C- - C- - - C- C- - -
29 Offensive odor C- C- C- C- C- C- - C- C- C- C- C- - -
30 Bottom sediment B- B- - - - - - - B- - C- C- - -
31 Accident C- C- C- C- C- C- - C- C- C- C- C- - -
Note:Evaluation categories are as follows;

A+/-: Significant positive/negative impact is expected.
B+/-: Some positive/negative impact is expected to some extent.
C+/-: Positive/negative impact is unknown in the scoping stage (Further study was required.).
-: No negative impact is expected. Therefore, the item under this category is not subject to the EIA/IEE
* The project codes correspond to the project titles as shown in Annex-T 13.3.1.
Sector Municipal Water Supply, Sanitation and Sewerage
MW-C - 05 MW-C – 06

Project Code*/ Impact Items MW-P- 01 MW-P- 02 MW-P- 03 MW-P- 04 MW-C - 01 MW-C - 02 MW-C - 03 MW-C - 04
Opt.1 Opt.2 Opt.3 Opt.4 Opt.1 Opt.2 Opt.3
1 Involuntary resettlement C- C- C- C- C- C- C- C- C- A- C- A- C- C- C-
2 Local Economy such as Employment & Livelihood, etc. C+ C+ C+ C+ C+ C+ C+ C+ B+/C- B+/C- B+ B+/C- B+ C+/C- B+/C-
3 Land use & Utilization of Local Resources B+ B+ B+ B+ C+ C+ C+ C+ C+/C- B+/C- B+ C+/C- B+ B+ B+/C-
Social Environment
4 Regional severance - - - - C- C- C- C- B+/C- C- - B+/C- C- C- C-

5 B+ - - - - - - - C- B+/C- B+ B+/C- - - B+
Facilities
6 Social vulnerable groups such as the poverty and ethnic minority C- C- C- C- C- C- C- C- C+/C- C+/A- C+/C- C+/A- C+/C- C+/C- C+/C-
7 Inequality between beneficiaries and project-affected peoples C- C- C- C- C- C- C- C- C- B- - B- C- - C-
8 Cultural heritage - - - C- C- C- C- C- C- C- - C- C- C- C-
9 Conflict of interests - - C- C- C- C- C- C- C- C- C- C- B- C- C-
10 Water use right and common land use right - C- C- B- C- C- C- C- B- B- C- C- C- C- B-
11 Sanitation - C+ B+ C- C+ C+ C+ C+ C- C- C- C- C- C+/C- C-
B+
12 Disaster (natural risk) and epidemic as HIV - C+ B+
C-
C- C- C- C- C- B+ /C- C- C- C- C- B+ /C-
13 Topography and geology - - - B- - - - - B- B- - B- - - B-

ANT-13-9
14 Soil erosion C- C- C- C- C- C- C- C- C- C- - C- C- - C-

Natural Environment
15 Ground water - - - C+/C- - - - - C+/C- C+/C- - C+/C- C+/C- C- C+/C-
16 Flow regime of lake and river B- B- C- B- C- C- C- C- B- B- C- B- C- B- B-
17 National Park or equivalent area in terms of its ecological importance C- C- C- C- C- C- C- C- C- C- - - C- C- C-
18 Coastal and sea area - - - - C+/C- C+/C- C+/C- C+/C- - C- C- - - C- -
19 Flora and fauna C- C- C- C- C- C- C- C- B- B- C- B- C- - B-
20 Climate - - - - - - - - - - - - - C- -
21 Landscape C- C- C- B- C- C- C- C- B- B- - B- C- - B-
22 Global warming - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
23 Air pollution - - - C- - - - - C- C- C- C- C- C- C-
24 Water pollution C+/C- C+/C- B+/C- B- C+/C- C+/C- C+/C- C+/C- B- B- C+/C- B- C+/C- - B-
25 Soil pollution - - - C- - - - - C- C- C+/C- C- C+/C- - C-

Pollution
26 Waste - - - B- - - - - B- B- C- B- C- - B-
27 Noise and vibration C- C- C- C- C- C- C- C- C- B- C- B- C- B+ C-
28 Ground subsidence - C+ B+ - B+ B+ B+ B+ - - - - C- - -
29 Offensive odor - - - C- - - - - C- C- C- C- C- - C-
30 Bottom sediment - - C- B- C- C- C- C- B- B- - B- C- C- B-
31 Accident C- C- C- C- C- C- C- C- C- C- C- C- C- C- C-

Sector Municipal Water Supply, Sanitation and Sewerage Flood and Sediment Disaster Management Watershed Management
FL-C- 01
Project Code*/ Impact Items MS-C- 01 MS-C- 02 MS-C- 03 MS-C- 04 MP-C- 01 FL-P- 01 FL-P- 02 FL-C- 02 FL-C- 03 FL-C- 04 WS-C - 01 WS-C - 02 WS-C - 03 WS-C - 04
Opt.1 Opt.2
1 Involuntary resettlement - - - - - C- C- A- - - - - - - - -
2 Local Economy such as Employment & Livelihood, etc. C+ C+ C+ C+ C+ B+ B+ B+ B+ - B+ - C+ B+ C+ C+
3 Land use & Utilization of Local Resources - - - - - B+ B+ B+ A- - - - C+ C+ C+ C+

Social Environment
4 Regional severance - - - - - C- - C- C- - C+/C- - - - - -

5 - - - - C+ B+ - - B- - B+ - - - - C+
Facilities
6 Social vulnerable groups such as the poverty and ethnic minority - - - - - C- C- C- C- C+ C+ - C+ C+ C+ C+
7 Inequality between beneficiaries and project-affected peoples - - - - - C- C- B- C- - C+/C- - C- C- - C-
8 Cultural heritage C- C- C- C- - - - - - - C- - - - C- -
9 Conflict of interests - - - - - - - C- B- - C- - C- C- C- C-
10 Water use right and common land use right - - - - - - - - - - C- C+ C- C- C- C-
11 Sanitation B+ B+ B+ B+ B+ - - - - - - - - - - -
12 Disaster (natural risk) and epidemic as HIV C+ C+ C+ C+ B+ B+ B+ B+ B+/B- B+ C+ - - - - -
13 Topography and geology - - - - - C- C- C- C- - - - - - - -
14 Soil erosion - - - - - C- C- C- C+/C- - C+ - C+ C+ C+ C+

Natural Environment
ANT-13-10
15 Ground water C+/C- C+/C- C+/C- C+/C- - C- C- C- C- - - - - - - -
16 Flow regime of lake and river - - - - - C- C- C+/C- B- - C- - - - - -
17 National Park or equivalent area in terms of its ecological importance C+/C- C+/C- C+/C- C+/C- C+ C+/C- C+/C- C- B- - C+/C- C+ C+ B+ C+ B+
18 Coastal and sea area C+/C- C+/C- C+/C- C+/C- - C- C- C- C- - - C+ - - - -
19 Flora and fauna C+/C- C+/C- C+/C- C+/C- - C+/C- C+/C- - B- - C+/C- C+ B+ B+ B+ B+
20 Climate - - - - - - - C- - - - - - - - -
21 Landscape - - - - - C- C- C- C- - - - C+ C+ C+ C+
22 Global warming - - - - - - - C- C- - - C+ C+ C+ C+ C+
23 Air pollution - - - - - - - C- C- - - C+ - - - -
24 Water pollution C+/C- C+/C- C+/C- C+/C- C+ C- C- B- B- - C- C+ - - - -
25 Soil pollution C+/C- C+/C- C+/C- C+/C- C+ C- C- C- - - C- C+ - - - -

Pollution
26 Waste C+/C- C+/C- C+/C- C+/C- C+- C- C- B- C- - C- C+ - - - -
27 Noise and vibration - - - - - C- C- B- C- - C- - - - - -
28 Ground subsidence - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - -
29 Offensive odor C+/C- C+/C- C+/C- C+/C- - - - - - - C- - - - - -
30 Bottom sediment - - - - - C- C- C- - - - - - - - -
31 Accident C- C- C- C- - C- C- C- C- - C- - - - - -

Sector Water-related Environment Management Inter-sector for Water Resources Management
IS-C- 02
Project Code*/ Impact Items WQ-P-01 WQ-C-01 WQ-C-02 WQ-C-03 WQ-C-04 IS-C- 01 IS-C- 03 IS-C- 04
Opt.1 Opt.2 Opt.3 Opt.4
1 Involuntary resettlement - - - - C- - C- A- C- A- - -
2 Local Economy such as Employment & Livelihood, etc. C+ - C+ - C+ C+ B+/C- B+/C- B+ B+/C- C+ C+
3 Land use & Utilization of Local Resources C+ C+ C+ C+ C+ C+ C+/C- B+/C- B+ C+/C- C+ C+

Social Environment
4 Regional severance - - - - - - B+/C- C- - B+/C- - -

5 - - - - - - C- B+/C- B+ B+/C- - -
Facilities
6 Social vulnerable groups such as the poverty and ethnic minority - - - - - - C+/C- C+/A- C+/C- C+/A- - -
7 Inequality between beneficiaries and project-affected peoples - - - - - - C- B- - B- - -
8 Cultural heritage - - - - C- - C- C- - C- - -
9 Conflict of interests - - - - C- - C- C- C- C- - B+
10 Water use right and common land use right - - - - C- - B- B- C- C- - -
11 Sanitation C+ - - - B+ - C- C- C- C- - -
12 Disaster (natural risk) and epidemic as HIV - - - - - - C- B+ /C- C- C- - -
13 Topography and geology - - - - C- - B- B- - B- - -

ANT-13-11
14 Soil erosion - - - - C- - C- C- - C- - -

Natural Environment
15 Ground water - - - - C+ B+ C+/C- C+/C- - C+/C- C+ C+
16 Flow regime of lake and river - - - - - - B- B- C- B- - -
17 National Park or equivalent area in terms of its ecological importance C+ C+ C+ C+ C+ - C- C- - - - -
18 Coastal and sea area - C+ C+ C+ C+ - - C- C- - - -
19 Flora and fauna C+ C+- C+- C+- C+- - B- B- C- B- - -
20 Climate - - - - - - - - - - - -
21 Landscape - - - - - - B- B- - B- - -
22 Global warming C+ - - C+ - - - - - - - -
23 Air pollution C+ - - C+ C+ - C- C- C- C- - -
24 Water pollution B+ B+ B+ C+ C+ C+ B- B- C+/C- B- B+ C+
25 Soil pollution B+ C+ C+ C+ C+ - C- C- C+/C- C- - -

Pollution
26 Waste B+ - - C+ B+ - B- B- C- B- - -
27 Noise and vibration - - - - C- - C- B- C- B- - -
28 Ground subsidence - - - - - - - - - - - C+
C+/ C+/
29 Offensive odor C-
- - C+
C-
- C- C- C- C- - -
30 Bottom sediment - - - - - - B- B- - B- - -
31 Accident C- - - - C- - C- C- C- C- - -


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NATIONAL WATER RESOURCES BOARD

THE REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES

JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY

CTI ENGINEERING INTERNATIONAL CO., LTD.

Exchange Rate used in the Report is:

Table of Contents .................................................................................................................................... i

List of Tables in Report ........................................................................................................................ iv

List of Annex Tables ............................................................................................................................vii

List of Figures in Report ...................................................................................................................... ix

List of Annex Figures ........................................................................................................................... ix

List of Appendix ................................................................................................................................... xi

Abbreviations and Acronyms .............................................................................................................xii

Measurement Units ......................................................................................................................... xviii

Chapter 1. Introduction .............................................................................................................. 1-1

1.1 Objectives of the Study.......................................................................................... 1-1

Chapter 2. Present Natural Conditions of the Study Area ...................................................... 2-1

2.1 Topographic Conditions ........................................................................................ 2-1

3.1 Demographic Characteristics ................................................................................. 3-1

Chapter 4. Present Practices for Water-Related Development and Conservation in the

4.1 Water Resource Development Facilities ................................................................ 4-1

Chapter 5. Present Institutional-Setup for IWRM .................................................................. 5-1

5.1 Present Legal Framework ...................................................................................... 5-1

6.1 General .................................................................................................................. 6-1

Chapter 7. Guideline for Formulation of IWRM Plan ............................................................ 7-1

7.1 General .................................................................................................................. 7-1

7.13 Schedule for Planning Procedures ....................................................................... 7-11

Chapter 8. Setting of Planning Framework .............................................................................. 8-1

8.1 Target Year ............................................................................................................. 8-1

9.1 General .................................................................................................................. 9-1

9.7 Inter-Sector Projects for Water Resources Development, Allocation and

10.1 General ................................................................................................................ 10-1

Chapter 11. Formulation of Project Implementation Schedule, Project Investment Plan

11.1 Grouping of the Projects ...................................................................................... 11-1

12.1 Study Framework ................................................................................................ 12-1

13.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................... 13-1

Chapter 14. Conclusions and Recommendations ..................................................................... 14-1

14.1 Principal Water-related Problems in Pampanga River Basin............................... 14-1

List of Tables in Report

List of Annex Tables

List of Figures in Report

Figure 1.3.1 Study Schedule ..................................................................................................... 1-2

List of Annex Figures

Appendix 1 Minutes of Meeting on Implementation Arrangement on March 14, 2008

Appendix 2 Implementation Arrangement on March 24, 2008

Appendix 3 Minutes of 1st Steering Committee Meeting on the Inception Report on

A&D : Alienable & Dispensable

Table 1.2.1 Extent of Study Area and Number of Cities/Municipalities Overlapped

Steering Committee Meeting ● ● ● ● ● ●

Technical Working Group Meeting ● ● ● ●●● ● ● ● ●

Figure 1.3.1 Study Schedule

1.4 Justification of the Project Proposed in the Study

1.6 Steering Committee

Table 2.1.2 Slope Classification in the Study Area

400 HMS 343

400 HMS 334

Figure 2.4.1 Long-term Trend of Annual Average Discharge at

Source: JICA Study Team

2.4.4 Variation of Monthly River Discharge Volume

Figure 2.4.3 Variation of Monthly Discharge of Pampanga River

Table 2.7.3 Classification of Applicable Water Usages of Principal Rivers in