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Final Report

The document outlines the concepts of safety, system safety, and hazard analysis, emphasizing their importance in identifying and mitigating risks in complex systems. It details the types of risks in design, including program, technical, and design risks, and discusses risk management processes such as qualitative and quantitative risk analysis. Additionally, it highlights various hazard analysis tools that aid in assessing risks throughout the lifecycle of a system.

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Marvick Peter Padua
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
2 views

Final Report

The document outlines the concepts of safety, system safety, and hazard analysis, emphasizing their importance in identifying and mitigating risks in complex systems. It details the types of risks in design, including program, technical, and design risks, and discusses risk management processes such as qualitative and quantitative risk analysis. Additionally, it highlights various hazard analysis tools that aid in assessing risks throughout the lifecycle of a system.

Uploaded by

Marvick Peter Padua
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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System Safety

Hazard Analysis
OBJECTIVE:
DEFINE AND DIFFERENTIATE TERMS

Safety generally refers to the condition of being protected from potential harm, risk, or
danger. In various contexts, it encompasses physical safety, operational safety, and
psychological safety, among others.
System Safety is a more specialized concept that focuses on ensuring that complex
systems operate without causing harm to people, property, or the environment. It involves a
systematic approach to identifying hazards, assessing risks, and implementing measures to
mitigate those risks throughout the lifecycle of a system, from design to operation and
decommissioning.
Hazard Analysis is a crucial component of both safety and system safety. It
involves identifying potential hazards that could cause accidents or incidents and assessing the
risks associated with those hazards. In system safety, hazard analysis ensures that all potential
risks are identified early in the design process, allowing for proactive measures to be taken.
This helps create safer systems and ensure compliance with safety regulations and standards.

In summary, System Safety Hazard Analysis in civil engineering is crucial for identifying,
evaluating, and mitigating risks associated with infrastructure projects, ultimately ensuring
safety, regulatory compliance, and the sustainability of built environments.
Risk
Management
IN DESIGN
Risk Management
in Design
“System safety contributes to mishap prevention by
minimizing system risks due to hazards consistent with other
cost, schedule, and design requirements” [3]. System safety
requires that risk be evaluated and the level of risk accepted or
rejected. “All risk management is about decision‐making under
uncertainty. It is a process wherein the risks are identified,
ranked, assessed, documented, monitored, and mitigated”
Risk Management
Risk assessment is the quantification of possible
failures. In order to do a risk assessment, we need to know
what can go wrong in the system, how likely is the failure
to happen, and what will be the consequence of the failure
if it occurs. All engineering design begins with the
consideration of what will work and what might go wrong.
In a bit of irony, the design is only as successful if the
designer can foresee how the system might fail.

Paradigm 9: Taking No Action Is Usually Not an Acceptable Option


Types of Risk Management
1. Types of Risks in Design
a) Program Risk-
Program risk refers to the overall risk associated with a project or program,
encompassing various dimensions that can affect its success. This includes both external
and internal factors that could impact the project's timeline, budget, scope, and overall
objectives.
b) Technical Risk
Technical risk is a subset of program risk that focuses on the technical aspects of a
project, particularly relating to the feasibility, functionality, and performance of engineering
solutions. It pertains to uncertainties in the technology, materials, and processes used in a
project.
c) Design Risk
Design risk specifically addresses the risks associated with the engineering design of a
project, focusing on safety, engineering failures, and the potential failure to meet
functionality or performance criteria. This type of risk emphasizes the importance of
sound engineering principles in achieving safe and effective designs.

2. State of the Art


Concern over failures in products is a long‐standing problem. The continuing growth of
complexity in today’s systems and products heightens the concern of risk. Because of this
increasing complexity, the risks are increasing, and the risks need to be identified,
assessed, and managed in a more formal way than they have in the past.
Risk Expression and Analysis

Expression of Risk
Qualitative Risk Analysis
Quantitative Risk Analysis

Paradigm 5: If the Solution Costs Too Much Money, Develop a Cheaper Solution
WHAT Risk is an expression of the possibility/impact of a
mishap in terms of hazard severity and hazard probability. From
the beginning of the design process, the goal is to design to
eliminate hazards and minimize the risks. If an identified hazard
cannot be eliminated, the risk associated with it must be
reduced to an acceptable level.

HOW Risk is the product of consequences of a particular outcome (or


range of outcomes) and the probability of its (their) occurrence. The
most common way of quantifying risk is as the product of
consequences of a particular outcome (or range of outcomes) and
the probability of its (their) occurrence. This is expressed as

R =C x P (consequence severity x probability of


occurrence)
EXAMPLE PROBLEM

In a workplace where wet floors pose a risk of slips and falls,


the potential for severe injuries has been assessed with a consequence
score of 4 (indicating major injury), and based on historical data, the
probability of such incidents occurring is estimated at 30%, What is the
risk value?

 C = 4 (severe injury)
 P = 0.3 (30% chance)
 R =?
R =4x0.3
R = 1.2
Qualitative risk analysis is the most widely used
WHAT type of risk analysis, largely because it is quickest
and simplest to perform. This approach uses
terms such as high, medium, and low to
characterize the risk.

These levels of risk are determined by the combination


HOW of likelihood of occurrence and severity of loss in
relative terms described by words rather than
numerically. This form of risk analysis does not use
actual hard data in the risk assessment process. As a
result, is subjective and relies heavily on the analyst's
experience.
Quantitative risk analysis is used to estimate the
WHAT probability of an undesirable event happening
and to assess, in quantitative terms, the
magnitude of the consequences in order to
evaluate the risk

This approach is obviously the preferred


HOW approach, but it requires significant amounts of
data, either historical or test results, to be able
to accurately estimate the probability of
occurrence and magnitude of the losses that may
occur. This approach is complicated, time‐
consuming, and costly.
Risk Management and Assessment

Hazard Analysis Tool


Preliminary Hazard List
Preliminary Hazard Analysis
Subsystem Hazard Analysis
System Hazard Analysis (SHA)
Operating & Support Hazard Analysis (O&SHA)
Summary of Differences:
•PHL and PHA focus on the early stages, with PHL being
a rough list and PHA providing more detailed analysis.
•SSHA and SHA focus on specific subsystems and the
overall system, respectively.
•O&SHA focuses on the operational and maintenance
phases after the system has been deployed.
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