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Python Dictionary

The document explains how to create and manipulate Python dictionaries, which are collections of key-value pairs. It covers dictionary creation, accessing values, using methods like get(), pop(), update(), and the importance of unique keys. Additionally, it discusses how to retrieve keys, values, and items from a dictionary, as well as the mutability of dictionaries.

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chaudharisarvesh9
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Python Dictionary

The document explains how to create and manipulate Python dictionaries, which are collections of key-value pairs. It covers dictionary creation, accessing values, using methods like get(), pop(), update(), and the importance of unique keys. Additionally, it discusses how to retrieve keys, values, and items from a dictionary, as well as the mutability of dictionaries.

Uploaded by

chaudharisarvesh9
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 13

RY

N A
O N
T H O
Y TI
P IC
D
CREATE A DICTIONARY
Python dictionary is a collection of items, similar to lists and tuples.
However, unlike lists and tuples, each item in a dictionary is a key-
value pair (consisting of a key and a value).
We create a dictionary by placing key: value pairs inside curly
brackets {}, separated by commas. For example,
# creating a dictionary
country_capitals = {
"Germany": "Berlin",
"Canada": "Ottawa",
"England": "London"
}
# printing the dictionary
print(country_capitals)
Output
{'Germany': 'Berlin', 'Canada': 'Ottawa', 'England': 'London'}
Notes:
Dictionary keys must be immutable, such as tuples, strings, integers, etc.
We cannot use mutable (changeable) objects such as lists as keys.
We can also create a dictionary using a Python built-in function dict().
Using the dict() method to make a dictionary:
thisdict = dict(name = "John", age = 36, country = "Norway")
print(thisdict)
We can access the value of a dictionary item by placing the key inside
square brackets.
country_capitals = {
"Germany": "Berlin",
"Canada": "Ottawa",
"England": "London"
}

# access the value of keys5


print(country_capitals["Germany"]) # Output: Berlin
print(country_capitals["England"]) # Output: London
Python Dictionary get()
scores = {
'Physics': 67,
'Maths': 87,
'History': 75
}

result = scores.get('Physics')

print(result) # 67
get() method returns:
the value for the specified key if key is in the dictionary.
None if the key is not found and value is not specified.
value if the key is not found and value is specified.
How does get() work for dictionaries?
person = {'name': 'Phill', 'age': 22}
print('Name: ', person.get('name'))

print('Age: ', person.get('age'))

# value is not provided


print('Salary: ', person.get('salary'))

# value is provided
print('Salary: ', person.get('salary', 0.0))
Output
Name: Phill
Age: 22
Salary: None
Salary: 0.0
The keys of a dictionary must be unique. If there
are duplicate keys, the later value of the key
overwrites the previous value.
hogwarts_houses = {
"Harry Potter": "Gryffindor",
"Hermione Granger": "Gryffindor",
"Ron Weasley": "Gryffindor",
# duplicate key with a different house
"Harry Potter": "Slytherin"
}
print(hogwarts_houses)
Output
{'Harry Potter': 'Slytherin', 'Hermione Granger': 'Gryffindor', 'Ron Weasley':
'Gryffindor'}
Here, the key Harry Potter is first assigned to Gryffindor. However, there is a
second entry where Harry Potter is assigned to Slytherin.
As duplicate keys are not allowed in a dictionary, the last
entry Slytherin overwrites the previous value Gryffindor.
We can add an item to a dictionary by assigning a value to a new key.
country_capitals = {
"Germany": "Berlin",
"Canada": "Ottawa",
}
# add an item with "Italy" as key and "Rome" as its value
country_capitals["Italy"] = "Rome"
print(country_capitals)

We can use the del statement to remove an element from a dictionary.


country_capitals = {
"Germany": "Berlin",
"Canada": "Ottawa",
}
# delete item having "Germany" key
del country_capitals["Germany"]
print(country_capitals)
The pop() method removes and returns an element from a
dictionary having the given key.
# create a dictionary
marks = { 'Physics': 67, 'Chemistry': 72, 'Math': 89 }
element = marks.pop('Chemistry')
print('Popped Marks:', element)
# Output: Popped Marks: 72

If we need to remove all items from a dictionary at once, we can use


the clear() method.
country_capitals = {
"Germany": "Berlin",
"Canada": "Ottawa",
}
# clear the dictionary
country_capitals.clear()
print(country_capitals)
Python dictionaries are mutable (changeable). We can change the value of
a dictionary element by referring to its key. For example,
country_capitals = {
"Germany": "Berlin",
"Italy": "Naples",
"England": "London"
}

# change the value of "Italy" key to "Rome"


country_capitals["Italy"] = "Rome"

print(country_capitals)
Output
{'Germany': 'Berlin', 'Italy': 'Rome', 'England': 'London'}
The update() method updates the dictionary with the
elements from another dictionary object or from an iterable
of key/value pairs.
marks = {'Physics':67, 'Maths':87}
internal_marks = {'Practical':48}
marks.update(internal_marks)
print(marks)
# Output: {'Physics': 67, 'Maths': 87, 'Practical': 48}

d = {1: "one", 2: "three"}


d1 = {2: "two"}
# updates the value of key 2
d.update(d1)
print(d)
Output
{1: 'one', 2: 'two'}

Note: The update() method adds element(s) to the dictionary if the key is not
in the dictionary. If the key is in the dictionary, it updates the key with the
new value.
update() When Tuple is Passed
dictionary = {'x': 2}
dictionary.update([('y', 3), ('z', 0)])
print(dictionary)
Output
{'x': 2, 'y': 3, 'z': 0}
Here, we have passed a list of tuples [('y', 3), ('z', 0)] to
the update() function. In this case, the first element of tuple is used as the
key and the second element is used as the value.

We can find the length of a dictionary by using the len() function.


country_capitals = {"England": "London", "Italy": "Rome"}
# get dictionary's length
print(len(country_capitals)) # Output: 2
numbers = {10: "ten", 20: "twenty", 30: "thirty"}
# get dictionary's length
print(len(numbers)) # Output: 3
A dictionary is an ordered collection of items (starting from Python
3.7), therefore it maintains the order of its items.
country_capitals = {
"United States": "Washington D.C.",
"Italy": "Rome"
}
# print dictionary keys one by one
for country in country_capitals:
print(country)
# print dictionary values one by one
for country in country_capitals:
capital = country_capitals[country]
print(capital)
Output
United States
Italy
Washington
D.C. Rome
The keys() method extracts the keys of the dictionary and returns the list of
keys as a view object.
numbers = {1: 'one', 2: 'two', 3: 'three'}
# extracts the keys of the dictionary
dictionaryKeys = numbers.keys()
print(dictionaryKeys)
# Output: dict_keys([1, 2, 3])
The values() method returns a view object that displays a list of all the
values in the dictionary.
marks = {'Physics':67, 'Maths':87}
print(marks.values())
# Output: dict_values([67, 87])
The items() method returns a view object that displays a list of dictionary's
(key, value) tuple pairs.
marks = {'Physics':67, 'Maths':87}
print(marks.items())
# Output: dict_items([('Physics', 67), ('Maths', 87)])

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