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Module 4 - Threads in Java

The document provides an overview of threads in Java, explaining their definition, advantages, and disadvantages, as well as methods for creating them. It details the use of the Thread class and Runnable interface, along with examples of thread creation and management. Additionally, it covers thread states, scheduling, and controlling threads with various methods.

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lawalabdulhameed2020
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0 views

Module 4 - Threads in Java

The document provides an overview of threads in Java, explaining their definition, advantages, and disadvantages, as well as methods for creating them. It details the use of the Thread class and Runnable interface, along with examples of thread creation and management. Additionally, it covers thread states, scheduling, and controlling threads with various methods.

Uploaded by

lawalabdulhameed2020
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Threads in Java

CS 515 – Advance Programming


What is a Thread?
• Individual and separate unit of execution
that is part of a process
– multiple threads can work together to
accomplish a common goal
• Video Game example
– one thread for graphics
– one thread for user interaction
– one thread for networking
What is a Thread?
Video Game
Process

video networking
interaction
Advantages
• easier to program
– 1 thread per task
• can provide better performance
– thread only runs when needed
– no polling to decide what to do
• multiple threads can share resources
• utilize multiple processors if available
Disadvantage
• multiple threads can lead to deadlock
– much more on this later
• overhead of switching between threads
Creating Threads (method 1)
• extending the Thread class
– must implement the run() method
– thread ends when run() method finishes
– call .start() to get the thread ready to run
Creating Threads Example 1
class Output extends Thread {
private String toSay;
public Output(String st) {
toSay = st;
}
public void run() {
try {
for(;;) {
System.out.println(toSay);
sleep(1000);
}
} catch(InterruptedException e) {
System.out.println(e);
}
}
}
Example 1 (continued)
class Program {
public static void main(String [] args) {
Output thr1 = new Output(“Hello”);
Output thr2 = new Output(“There”);
thr1.start();
thr2.start();
}
}

• main thread is just another thread (happens to start first)


• main thread can end before the others do
• any thread can spawn more threads
Creating Threads (method 2)
• implementing Runnable interface
– virtually identical to extending Thread class
– must still define the run()method
– setting up the threads is slightly different
Creating Threads Example 2
class Output implements Runnable {
private String toSay;
public Output(String st) {
toSay = st;
}
public void run() {
try {
for(;;) {
System.out.println(toSay);
Thread.sleep(1000);
}
} catch(InterruptedException e) {
System.out.println(e);
}
}
}
Example 2 (continued)
class Program {
public static void main(String [] args) {
Output out1 = new Output(“Hello”);
Output out2 = new Output(“There”);
Thread thr1 = new Thread(out1);
Thread thr2 = new Thread(out2);
thr1.start();
thr2.start();
}
}

• main is a bit more complex


• everything else identical for the most part
Advantage of Using Runnable
• remember - can only extend one class
• implementing runnable allows class to
extend something else
Controlling Java Threads
• _.start(): begins a thread running
• wait() and notify(): for synchronization
– more on this later
• _.stop(): kills a specific thread (deprecated)
• _.suspend() and resume(): deprecated
• _.join(): wait for specific thread to finish
• _.setPriority(): 0 to 10 (MIN_PRIORITY to
MAX_PRIORITY); 5 is default (NORM_PRIORITY)
Java Thread Scheduling
• highest priority thread runs
– if more than one, arbitrary
• yield(): current thread gives up processor so
another of equal priority can run
– if none of equal priority, it runs again
• sleep(msec): stop executing for set time
– lower priority thread can run
States of Java Threads
• 4 separate states
– new: just created but not started
– runnable: created, started, and able to run
– blocked: created and started but unable to run
because it is waiting for some event to occur
– dead: thread has finished or been stopped
States of Java Threads

stop(),
start() end of run method
runnable

new dead
wait(), notify(),
I/O request, I/O completion,
suspend() resume()
blocked
Java Thread Example 1
class Job implements Runnable {
private static Thread [] jobs = new Thread[4];
private int threadID;
public Job(int ID) {
threadID = ID;
}
public void run() { do something }
public static void main(String [] args) {
for(int i=0; i<jobs.length; i++) {
jobs[i] = new Thread(new Job(i));
jobs[i].start();
}
try {
for(int i=0; i<jobs.length; i++) {
jobs[i].join();
}
} catch(InterruptedException e) { System.out.println(e); }
}
}
Java Thread Example 2
class Schedule implements Runnable {
private static Thread [] jobs = new Thread[4];
private int threadID;
public Schedule(int ID) {
threadID = ID;
}
public void run() { do something }
public static void main(String [] args) {
int nextThread = 0;
setPriority(Thread.MAX_PRIORITY);
for(int i=0; i<jobs.length; i++) {
jobs[i] = new Thread(new Job(i));
jobs[i].setPriority(Thread.MIN_PRIORITY);
jobs[i].start();
}
try {
for(;;) {
jobs[nextThread].setPriority(Thread.NORM_PRIORITY);
Thread.sleep(1000);
jobs[nextThread].setPriority(Thread.MIN_PRIORITY);
nextThread = (nextThread + 1) % jobs.length;
}
} catch(InterruptedException e) { System.out.println(e); }
}
}

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