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    Bezayiff

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    Rakesh Keshari
    1. The document summarizes research using the transition layer model to estimate black hole masses in GRS 1758-258 and GX339-4 based on their accretion disk properties and a search for x-ray jets in GRS 1758-258. 2. Parameters in the transition layer model need better constraining and other harmonics should be considered to improve mass estimates. 3. Analysis of GX339-4 suggests a possible neutron star mass. 4. Chandra observations found no evidence of x-ray jets in GRS 1758-258, though some systems of similar size should exhibit jets.

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    Bezayiff

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    Rakesh Keshari
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    1. The document summarizes research using the transition layer model to estimate black hole masses in GRS 1758-258 and GX339-4 based on their accretion disk properties and a search for x-ray jets in GRS 1758-258. 2. Parameters in the transition layer model need better constraining and other harmonics should be considered to improve mass estimates. 3. Analysis of GX339-4 suggests a possible neutron star mass. 4. Chandra observations found no evidence of x-ray jets in GRS 1758-258, though some systems of similar size should exhibit jets.

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    1. The document summarizes research using the transition layer model to estimate black hole masses in GRS 1758-258 and GX339-4 based on their accretion disk properties and a search for x-ray jets in GRS 1758-258. 2. Parameters in the transition layer model need better constraining and other harmonics should be considered to improve mass estimates. 3. Analysis of GX339-4 suggests a possible neutron star mass. 4. Chandra observations found no evidence of x-ray jets in GRS 1758-258, though some systems of similar size should exhibit jets.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    35 views34 pages

    Bezayiff

    Uploaded by

    Rakesh Keshari
    1. The document summarizes research using the transition layer model to estimate black hole masses in GRS 1758-258 and GX339-4 based on their accretion disk properties and a search for x-ray jets in GRS 1758-258. 2. Parameters in the transition layer model need better constraining and other harmonics should be considered to improve mass estimates. 3. Analysis of GX339-4 suggests a possible neutron star mass. 4. Chandra observations found no evidence of x-ray jets in GRS 1758-258, though some systems of similar size should exhibit jets.

    Copyright:

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    of 34

    Mass Estimate of Black Hole Candidates GRS 1758-258 and GX339-4 Based on a Transition Layer Model of the Accretion

    Disk and a Search for X-ray Jets in GRS 1758-258


    Nathan D. Bezayiff, David M. Smith University of California Santa Cruz

    Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics Seminar May 23, 2006

    GX 339-4 and GRS 1758-258 are Low Mass X-Ray Binary Systems
    I.
    II.

    Companion Star is smaller than or equal to our sun.


    Roche Lobe is the most common type of accretion.

    III. If the point where the gravitational attraction between the two stars is equal (Inner Lagrange Point) occurs near the surface of the Companion Star, matter will be stripped from the Companion Star into an Accretion Disc that forms around the Compact Object.
    IV. Matter falling into the black hole converts about half its graviational binding energy to radiation via viscosity; the other half will be released near the surface of the star.

    Companion Star Jets Compact Object

    Gravitational Attraction Between Both Stars equal

    Accretion Disc

    From http://lheawww.gsfc.nasa.gov/~still/research/corr.html

    Motivation For Development of the Transition Layer Model to Determine the Mass of Black Holes
    1. 2. In a Low-Mass X-Ray Binary System, no knowledge of any of the parameters of the companion are required. The parameters required to determine the mass of a black hole only depend on the Energy Spectrum Power Law Index and Power Density Quasi Periodic Oscillation Frequency.

    3.

    GRS 1758-258, 1E 1740.7-2942, and GX 339-4 are black holes where companion information does not exist. Hence their mass must be determined by another method.
    May help to classify objects as neutron stars or black holes easier. If saturation of the Power-Law Indices is observed, the object is a black hole. If no saturation of the Power-Law Indices are observed, the object may be a neutron star.

    4.

    Proportional Counter Array of Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer Provides Timing, Energy Spectra

    Energy range: 2 - 60 keV Energy resolution: < 18% at 6 keV Time resolution: 1 microsec Spatial resolution: collimator with 1 degree FWHM Detectors: 5 proportional counters Collecting area: 6500 square cm Layers: 1 Propane veto; 3 Xenon, each split into two; 1 Xenon veto layer

    Obtaining the PLI and QPO from a given observation for GRS 1758-25
    Normalized counts/sec/keV

    First, Get the Power Law Index


    Interstellar Absorption Power Law Component

    Residuals

    Channel Energy (keV)

    Power Density [(Rms/Mean)^2/Hz]

    Obtain the Quasi Periodic Oscillation Frequency in the Power Density Spectra

    QPO

    Frequency (Hz)

    (PLI) Power Law Index-Quasi Periodic Oscillation (QPO) curve

    Power Law Index

    Harmonic Pair?

    Quasi-Periodic Oscillation (QPO) freq (Hz)

    TRANSITION LAYER MODEL (VERY BASIC)

    1. The Optical Depth () is related to the accretion rate (dM/dt) 2. The Power Law Index, G is related to the Optical Depth,. 3. The Power Law Index is related to dM/dt 4. The QPO frequency is related to the Transition Layer Outer Radius
    (33 kB)

    5. The Transition Layer is Related to dM/dt

    6. Thus, sine both G and n are both related to dM/dt, they are related to each other.

    QuasiPeriodic Oscillation Correlations of two black holes related by shift in QPO frequency, n2=(m1/m2) n1

    Best Fit Mass GRS 1758-258 2.3 .00m

    GRS 1915 + 105

    GRS 1758-258

    1. The Fit is Poor and the Curve is the Wrong Shape

    2. There are two more free parameters


    we can adjust A, d. They are found from the relation between t and the Reynolds number g, t=A gd.

    3. We Can Allow A, d, and the mass to Vary and fit them freely for the Black Hole as

    1. If we assume GRS 1758-258 and GRS1915+105 have


    the same t=A gd (A=1.0, d = 1.25) then the best fit mass is m=2.3.0m

    3. If t(g) is different for GRS 1758-258, our best fits have A=1.0, d is 0.95), and the best fit mass is m=9.3+.05-3.3m

    A, d are clearly important in the shift between QPO-PLI Correlations from one black hole to another. A, d, and the mass are not orthogonal.
    Below, curve families of A, m, d.

    Mass varies

    A varies

    varies

    A, constant

    Mass, constant

    A, mass constant

    Reduced chi square space for GX339-4 One of A,m,d is held constant at best fit parameters. ,Constant, Mass-A varied A constant, M- varied

    Mass (M)

    Mass constant, -A varied

    Mass (M )

    Transition Layer Model More Complicated for GX 339-4

    Power Law Index Quasi-Periodic Oscillation (QPO) freq (Hz)

    GX 339-4 Blue Count Rate > 500 cts/sec Red < 500 Cts/sec Blue 2002 Outburst, Red is 2004, 2003, 2005 Outburst

    Power Law Index Quasi-Periodic Oscillation (QPO) freq (Hz)

    GX 339-4 Low, Best Fit Parameters A= 0.75, Mass=2.68M, =1.6

    Power Law Index

    2.05 0.0 M

    Quasi-Periodic Oscillation (QPO) freq (Hz)

    GX 339-4 High, Best Fit Parameters A=0.65, Mass=2.35 M, =2.35

    Power Law Index

    2.66 +0.04 0.05 M

    Quasi-Periodic Oscillation (QPO) freq (Hz)

    CONCLUSIONS FOR TRANSITION LAYER MODEL 1. Certain parameters need to be better constrained in the TL model, i.e., A, d, saturation 2. Wed like to do the analysis considering the other harmonics as the fundamental frequency. 3. GRS 1758-258 appears to be the type of black hole that the transition layer model may apply to. 4. The Transition Layer Model predicts a possible neutron star mass for GX 339-4. Better fits and

    Part II: Search For X-Ray Jets in GRS 1758-258

    Motivation For X-Ray Jet Search For GRS 1758-258


    1. Persistent Radio Jets Have Been Seen in GRS 1758258. 2. A Persistent Extension Has Been Seen in Cygnus X-3. 3. Might GRS 1758-258 have X-ray jets too?
    Extension

    The Chandra HRC-I is excellent for Imaging X-Ray Sources


    1. 0.13 per pixel Resolution 2. Large uniform field of view (31 x 31 arc minutes) 3. Large uniform field of view (31 x 31 arc minutes) 4. High time resolution over the entire field of view (16 microseconds) 5. Low background (4 x 10^-6 cts/s/arcsec) High Resolution Camera HRC-I Chandra Satellite

    Raw Data From HRC-I


    GRS 1758-258 Observation 2718

    Each Pixel is 0.13

    Slice Angle (Degrees) Heindl Astrophys J. 578,2 L125

    Point Spread Function Sigma

    Fit Gaussians to Slices, Look For Unusual Standard Deviations

    Gaussian Fits of Slices Through Center Yield No X-Ray Jets


    1E 1740.7-2942

    GRS 1758-258

    Cygnus X-3

    AR Lacertae

    Radio Jets Have Been Seen in GRS 1758-258. Thus, We Looked For X-Ray Jets in Radio Centers

    No Jets Found In Regions Corresponding To, or Perpendicular To Radio Jets


    South Lobe Signal/Noise Ratio Counts/Area 0.72 North Lobe 1.47

    1.07

    1..34 9. 6e-3 %

    % of GRS 1758 7.66e-3 % Core Brightness Needed for 3-Sigma Detection Counts/Area % of GRS 1758 Core Brightness 1.18 8.45e-3 %

    1..39 9. 9e-3 %

    Finally, We Took Azimuthal Slices Around GRS 1758-258

    We Found An Extension . . .

    Signal/Noise

    Counts in Counts/Area 12.2 arcsec^2 region

    136 Degrees
    316 Degrees

    4.07
    2.90

    200
    177 126

    16.4
    14.5 10.3

    Avg Background ----

    But It Is A Detector Artifact


    Merged Data; Roll Angle=270 Merged Data; Roll Angle=90

    1.The spacecraft orientation is 90 or 270 degrees. If the extension was real, it should be present no matter how I orient the Satellite. 2. Upon rotating the satellite, the extension rotates also, so the extension must be part of the satellite. 3. From the Chandra Handbook, a ghost artifact, a secondary image, appears on one side of every source, due to the Saturation of the High Gain Amplifiers. The brightness of the ghost image is reported to be 0.1% of the source. 4. The fake jet is about 0.01% of the brightness of the center of the source.

    5. Thus we conclude the extension is an artifact of the satellite.

    Expected Signals if GRS 1758-258 Was Similar to Other Black Holes


    What Would The Size of the Jet Be?
    J GRS _ Expected J BH ( RGRS / RBH )( DBH / DGRS )

    What Would The Flux of the Jet Be?


    FGRS FBH ( FGRS _ PS / FBH _ PS )
    BH= Black Hole GRS is being compared to, PS=Point Source or Central Compact Region, R=Radius, D=Distance to compact object, J=size of Jet in Arcsecs, F=Flux of Jet in ergs/sec/cm^2

    Black Holes Most Similar to GRS 1758-258


    XTE J1550-564 H1743-322

    Cygnus X-3

    M87

    GRS 1758-258

    width

    height

    comments

    H1743-322 1.88 X 1.88 ejected Cygnus X-3 5.88 X 2.35 persistent/ continuous XTE J1550-564 5.1 X 2.55 ejected M87 (with BH mass scaled) 1.48E-4 X 1.4E-5 persistent/ continuous M87 (without BH mass scake) 44,470 X 4,447 persistent/ Persistent=appeared in all observations, continuous=connected to central source, ejected=separated continuous from central source GRS_jet_flux ergs/sec/cm^2 1.32e-14 3.27e-12 5.21e-13 6e-8 WebPimms cts/sec 9.55e-5 0.023 3.76e-3 452.7 cts/ arcsec^2 1.55 95.8 139.5 1.6e16 Could we detect this? No Yes Yes Yes

    X-Ray Jet Flux H1743-322 Cygnus X-3 XTE J1550-564 M87 Radio Jet Flux

    H1743-322 Cygnus X-3 XTE J1550-564 M87 (no radio data)

    ~e-17 2.46e-12 1.73e-13

    7.23e-8 0.018 1.23e-3

    1.0e-3 75.18 45..92

    No Yes Yes

    Conclusions For X-Ray Jet Search of GRS 1758258 1. No Jets Were Found With Chandra Observations. 2. If GRS 1758-258 Was Similar to Black Holes M87, Cygnus X-3, or XTE J1550-564, We Should Have Seen X-Ray Jets Based on Rough Estimates. If GRS 1758-258 is More Similar to H1743-322, We Would Not Have Seen X-Ray Jets. 3. The Extension We Found Was a Property of the Chandra HRC-I Detector.

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