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  • Defining WAN Terms: Customer Premises Equipment (CPE)

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    Teshome Ng
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    The document defines several key terms related to wide area networks (WANs). It describes customer premises equipment (CPE) located on the subscriber's site and the demarcation point that separates the subscriber's CPE from the service provider's network. It then discusses the local loop that connects to the central office, which provides a connection to the provider's switching network. Different WAN connection types like leased lines, circuit switching, and packet switching are also defined. Finally, common WAN protocols such as Frame Relay, ISDN, LAPB, HDLC, PPP, DSL, MPLS, and ATM are introduced.

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    The document defines several key terms related to wide area networks (WANs). It describes customer premises equipment (CPE) located on the subscriber's site and the demarcation point that separates the subscriber's CPE from the service provider's network. It then discusses the local loop that connects to the central office, which provides a connection to the provider's switching network. Different WAN connection types like leased lines, circuit switching, and packet switching are also defined. Finally, common WAN protocols such as Frame Relay, ISDN, LAPB, HDLC, PPP, DSL, MPLS, and ATM are introduced.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    22 views10 pages

    Defining WAN Terms: Customer Premises Equipment (CPE)

    Uploaded by

    Teshome Ng
    The document defines several key terms related to wide area networks (WANs). It describes customer premises equipment (CPE) located on the subscriber's site and the demarcation point that separates the subscriber's CPE from the service provider's network. It then discusses the local loop that connects to the central office, which provides a connection to the provider's switching network. Different WAN connection types like leased lines, circuit switching, and packet switching are also defined. Finally, common WAN protocols such as Frame Relay, ISDN, LAPB, HDLC, PPP, DSL, MPLS, and ATM are introduced.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 10

    Defining WAN Terms

    Customer premises equipment (CPE) is equipment thats owned by the subscriber and located on the subscribers premises. Demarcation point The demarcation point is the precise spot where the service providers responsibility ends and the CPE begins. Local loop The local loop connects the demarc to the closest switching office, which is called a central office. Central office (CO) This point connects the customers network to the providers switching network. Good to know is that a .

    Cont
    a central office (CO) is sometimes referred to as a point of presence (POP).

    Heres a list explaining the different WAN connection types: Leased lines These are usually referred to as a
    point-to-point or dedicated connection.

    Circuit switching When you hear the term circuit


    switching, think phone call. The big advantage is cost you only pay for the time you actually use. No data can transfer before an end-to-end connection is established. Circuit switching uses dial-up modems and is used for low-bandwidth data transfers.

    Cont
    Packet switching This is a WAN switching method that allows
    you to share bandwidth with other companies to save money. Packet switching can be thought of as a network thats designed to look like a leased line yet charges you more like circuit switching. But less cost isnt always better theres definitely a downside: If you need to transfer data constantly, just forget about this option. Instead, get yourself a leased line. Next, Im going to define the most prominently known WAN protocols used today: Frame Relay, ISDN, LAPB, LAPD, HDLC, PPP, DSL, MPLS, and ATM. Frame Relay A packet-switched technology that made its debut in the early 1990s, Frame Relay is a high-performance Data Link and Physical layer specification. Its pretty much a successor to X.25, except that much of the technology in X.25 used to compensate for physical errors (noisy lines) has been eliminated.

    Cont
    ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) is a set of digital

    services that transmit voice and data over existing phone lines. LAPB Link Access Procedure, Balanced (LAPB) was created to be a connection-oriented protocol at the Data Link layer for use with X.25, but it can also be used as a simple data link transport. LAPD Link Access Procedure, D-Channel (LAPD) is used with ISDN at the Data Link layer (layer 2) as a protocol for the D (signaling) channel. HDLC High-Level Data-Link Control (HDLC) was derived from Synchronous Data Link Control (SDLC), which was created by IBM as a Data Link connection protocol. PPP Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) is a pretty famous, industrystandard protocol. Because all multiprotocol versions of HDLC are proprietary, PPP can be used to create point-to-point links between different vendors equipment.

    Cont
    DSL Digital subscriber line is a technology used by traditional telephone companies to deliver advanced services (highspeed data and sometimes video) over twisted-pair copper telephone wires. MPLS MultiProtocol Label Switching (MPLS) is a data-carrying mechanism that emulates some properties of a circuitswitched network over a packet-switched network.(READ) ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) was created for time-sensitive traffic, providing simultaneous transmission of voice, video, and data.

    Cont
    WAN protocols specified in the CCNA objectives are HDLC, PPP, and Frame Relay. HDLC is a point-to-point protocol used on leased lines. No authentication can be used with HDLC. Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) It uses Link Control Protocol (LCP) to build and maintain data-link connections. Network Control Protocol (NCP) is used to allow multiple Network layer protocols (routed protocols) to be used on a point-to-point connection. PPP Authentication Methods : CHAP,PAP

    Frame Relay
    Frame Relay is still one of the most popular WAN services deployed over the past decade. By default, Frame Relay is classified as a non-broadcast multiaccess (NBMA) network, meaning it doesnt send any broadcasts like RIP updates across the network. Committed Information Rate (CIR) The maximum bandwidth of data guaranteed to be delivered. Access rate The maximum speed at which the Frame Relay interface can transmit. Frame Relay Encapsulation Types: Cisco and IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force).

    Cont
    Virtual circuit (VC) - A logical concept that represents the
    path that frames travel between DTEs. VCs are particularly useful when you compare Frame Relay to leased physical circuits.

    Permanent virtual circuit (PVC) - A predefined VC. A PVC can


    be equated to a leased line in concept.

    Switched virtual circuit (SVC) - A VC that is set up dynamically


    when needed. An SVC can be equated to a dial connection in concept.

    Data terminal equipment (DTE) - DTEs are connected to a Frame


    Relay service from a telecommunications company. They typically reside at sites used by the company buying the Frame Relay service.

    Cont
    Data communications equipment (DCE) - Frame
    Relay switches are DCE devices. DCEs are also known as data circuitterminating equipment. DCEs are typically in the service providers network. Access link - The leased line between the DTE and DCE. Access rate (AR) - The speed at which the access link is clocked. This choice affects the connections price. Committed Information Rate (CIR) - The speed at which bits can be sent over a VC, according to the business contract between the customer and provider. Data-link connection identifier (DLCI) - A Frame Relay address used in Frame Relay headers to identify the VC. Nonbroadcast multiaccess (NBMA) - A network in which broadcasts are not supported, but more than two devices can be connected.

    Cont
    Local Management Interface (LMI) - The protocol
    used between a DCE and DTE to manage the connection. Signaling messages for SVCs, PVC status messages, and keepalives are all LMI messages. Frame Relay configuration VEDIO Lecture

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