Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
SlideShare a Scribd company logo

vijayanaghamanikingdom6th-221212084050-0f153247 (1).pdf

•
•

The document provides information about the Vijayanagara Empire and Bahmani Kingdom in India. It discusses the founding and expansion of the Vijayanagara Empire by Harihara and Bukka in the 14th century. It then focuses on notable later kings like Devaraya II and Krishnadevaraya who further strengthened the empire. It also describes the Bahmani Kingdom established around the same time as Vijayanagara and their frequent conflicts. Key rulers like Firuz Shah and prime minister Mahamud Gavan who developed the arts and sciences in the Bahmani capital are also highlighted.

1 of 51
Download to read offline
B.J.P.S Samiti’s M.V.HERWADKAR ENGLISH MEDIUM HIGH SCHOOL Program: Semester: Course: NAME OF THE COURSE 1 Vijayanagara Empire and Bahamani Kingdom By : Varada Phadke
VIJAYANAGARA EMPIRE M.V.HERWADKAR ENGLISH MEDIUM SCHOOL 2
Look at the map of the Vijayanagara empire. It is really vast, isn’t it? It was one of the greatest empires of that time in the world. M.V.HERWADKAR ENGLISH MEDIUM SCHOOL 3
As a result of the military campaigns of the Sultans of Delhi many prosperous kingdoms of south India declined. The religious, economic and social lives of the people were thrown into utter confusion. At this crucial juncture, the Vijayanagara empire was established, and it took upon itself the task of protecting and nourishing the Hindu Dharma and culture. It ruled for about three centuries and upheld the principle of Sarva-dharma-samabhava. Hampi, in Ballari district, was its capital. M.V.HERWADKAR ENGLISH MEDIUM SCHOOL 4
Harihara and Bukka Harihara and Bukka, the sons of Sangama, founded the empire on the southern bank of the river Tungabhadra. Harihara and Bukka were the first two kings of Vijayanagara. Harihara started building the new capital in Hampi. During the reign of Harihara, the Bahmani kingdom was established. Since then, there were frequent wars between the Vijayanagara kings and the Bahmani sultans. M.V.HERWADKAR ENGLISH MEDIUM SCHOOL 5
Devaraya II (Proudhadevaraya) The reign of Proudhadevaraya, the well-known king of the Sangama dynasty, is a very significant period. The fame of the empire spread everywhere. Internal peace and prosperity prevailed. Trade and commerce flourished. Proudhadevaraya suppressed the revolts of the leaders of the border areas. He fought against the sultans and expanded his kingdom. He recruited Muslims to his cavalry. The Persian ambassador, Abdul Razak, has recorded thus: "There is no king like Devaraya in the whole of India". Further he stated that the king's army had lakhs of soldiers. M.V.HERWADKAR ENGLISH MEDIUM SCHOOL 6
Krishnadevaraya M.V.HERWADKAR ENGLISH MEDIUM SCHOOL 7
Krishnadevaraya, a ruler of the Bronze sculpture of Krishnadevaraya with his wives Tuluva dynasty, was a noble emperor and a valiant soldier. During his reign, the boundaries of the empire extended upto the river Krishna in the north and the sea coasts in the east, west and south. M.V.HERWADKAR ENGLISH MEDIUM SCHOOL 8
Achievements Krishnadevaraya was a capable administrator. He spent a quarter of the revenue of the empire on charity and social welfare. Agriculture and commerce prospered in his time. Commodities were inexpensive. M.V.HERWADKAR ENGLISH MEDIUM SCHOOL 9
Krishnadevaraya was a scholar well- versed in both Sanskrit and Telugu. He composed Amukta Malyada in Telugu and Jambavati Kalyana in Sanskrit. His title was Kannada-rajya-ramaramana. M.V.HERWADKAR ENGLISH MEDIUM SCHOOL 10
Ramaraya The Vijayanagara empire, which ruled gloriously for a long time, lost its power after the death of Krishnadevaraya. But the empire recovered its glory under Ramaraya, a mighty general and an able administrator. M.V.HERWADKAR ENGLISH MEDIUM SCHOOL 11
Battle of Rakkasa-Tangadi Causes Over a period of time, the Bahmani kingdom became weak and split into five kingdoms. The sultans of these kingdoms sought Ramaraya’s intervention in their in - fighting. Ramaraya took advantage of the disunity among the sultans, and extended the borders of his empire upto the north of the river Krishna. M.V.HERWADKAR ENGLISH MEDIUM SCHOOL 12
This provoked the sultans to engage in battle with him. Moreover, the sultans were envious of the prosperity of Vijayanagara. The sultans, who had till then engaged in- fighting, forgot their political differences and united. They declared war on Vijayanagara. The resultant war is called the Battle of Rakkasa-Tangadi. It was the most destructive battle in the history of south India. The battle field was between the villages of Rakkasagi and Tangadagi on the banks of river Krishna M.V.HERWADKAR ENGLISH MEDIUM SCHOOL 13
Consequences Many important political changes took place in south India after the decline of the Vijayanagara empire. The northern areas of the empire became a part of Bijapur and Golkonda kingdoms. In Karnataka, the Chieftains in Keladi, Mysore and Chitradurga became independent. M.V.HERWADKAR ENGLISH MEDIUM SCHOOL 14
The glory of the capital city as seen by the foreign travellers Many foreign travellers who visited the capital city Hampi have been enchanted by its magnificence and economic prosperity, and have praised it heartily. M.V.HERWADKAR ENGLISH MEDIUM SCHOOL 15
• The Portuguese traveller, Domingo Paes, has this to write about the capital: “There cannot be another city like this on earth which has such an abundance of all kinds of commodities.” He has recorded that varieties of pearls, diamonds, rubies, emeralds, sapphires and expensive cloth used to be easily available there. M.V.HERWADKAR ENGLISH MEDIUM SCHOOL 16
• The Persian (Iran) ambassador, Abdul Razak, who had visited the capital, was full of praise for the noble nature of Devaraya. About Vijayanagara, he exclaimed: “The eyes have not seen nor the ears heard about another glorious city like Vijayanagara!” M.V.HERWADKAR ENGLISH MEDIUM SCHOOL 17
Society, Economy and Culture Society In the Grama Sabha, representation was given to members of all castes. In towns, the Muslim organization called Hanjaman existed. Its representatives were given a high place in the city assembly. M.V.HERWADKAR ENGLISH MEDIUM SCHOOL 18
Economy Agriculture was the main occupation of the people. Vijayanagara was a centre for international trade. Merchants from various parts of the world used to come there. Foreign travellers have described that pearls and diamonds used to be sold in heaps in shop. Goods used to be exported and imported from many harbours along the east and west coasts of the empire. M.V.HERWADKAR ENGLISH MEDIUM SCHOOL 19
Religion All religions received charities from the empire. The rulers had granted freedom to the people to practise their religion without any hindrance, mosques were built for the Muslims who were also recruited into the army in Vijayanagara. The Vijayanagara emperors had flourishing trade relations with the Portuguese. They encouraged Christianity too. M.V.HERWADKAR ENGLISH MEDIUM SCHOOL 20
Literature Sanskrit, Kannada and Telugu literature flourished during the Vijayanagara period. The great Kannada poets, Kumaravyasa, Chamarasa and Ratnakara Varni, were of this period. The Vijayanagara period was a Golden Era of Telugu literature. M.V.HERWADKAR ENGLISH MEDIUM SCHOOL 21
Music The Vijayanagara emperors patronised dance, painting and music. The name Carnatic music came to be used from that time for the south Indian system of music. The Saints of the period used music to preach the path of Bhakti. This path came to be called the Dasa Pantha. Among the Dasas Purandaradasa and Kanakadasa were prominent. M.V.HERWADKAR ENGLISH MEDIUM SCHOOL 22
Sculpture During the Vijayanagara period, granite was extensively used in the construction of buildings. Tall towers (Raya-Gopuras) and beautiful marriage halls (kalyana mantapas) were built for all the existing temples in south India. Construction of hundreds of such structures provided employment to thousands of people. M.V.HERWADKAR ENGLISH MEDIUM SCHOOL 23
Hampi There are many beautiful temples in Hampi. Some of them are the Hazara Ramaswami temple, Vijaya Vittalaswami temple, Krishnaswami temple and the Achyutaraya temple. It is interesting to know that when the short pillars of Vittala temple are tapped, we can hear seven notes of music. M.V.HERWADKAR ENGLISH MEDIUM SCHOOL 24
M.V.HERWADKAR ENGLISH MEDIUM SCHOOL 25
The Vidyashankara temple of Sringeri, the Thousandpillared temple of Rameshwara and the Thousand-pillared basadi of Mudabidri (Tribhuvana Tilaka Chudamani) belong to the Vijayanagara period. M.V.HERWADKAR ENGLISH MEDIUM SCHOOL 26
Monolithic Sculture It was in this period that the style of sculpting huge monolithic idols came into practice. The monolithic idols in Hampi are – Sasivekalu Ganesha, Kadalekalu Ganesha and Lakshminarasimha. The monolithic chariot in front of Vittalaswami temple is immensely beautiful. The monolithic statues of Bahubali in Karkala and Venur are a testimony to the exquisite skill of the sculptors of this Age. M.V.HERWADKAR ENGLISH MEDIUM SCHOOL 27
M.V.HERWADKAR ENGLISH MEDIUM SCHOOL 28
M.V.HERWADKAR ENGLISH MEDIUM SCHOOL 29
M.V.HERWADKAR ENGLISH MEDIUM SCHOOL 30
The city of Bidar is a historical place situated in the northern-most part of Karnataka. It flourished as the capital of the Bahmani Sultans for about a century. Look at the magnificent fort of Bidar. M.V.HERWADKAR ENGLISH MEDIUM SCHOOL 31
Look at the map of the Bahmani kingdom. It comprised parts of modern Karnataka, Maharashtra and Andhra Pradesh. The river Krishna formed its boundary in the south. Initially Kalburgi, and later Bidar, became its capital. The Bahmani kingdom and the Vijayanagara empire were neighbours, and they often engaged in battles with each other. M.V.HERWADKAR ENGLISH MEDIUM SCHOOL 32
M.V.HERWADKAR ENGLISH MEDIUM SCHOOL 33
Firuz Shah Firuz Shah was the greatest emperor of the Bahmani Dynasty. He was just, generous and pious. Firuz Shah was a writer and a polyglot. He was an expert in geometry and religious texts. M.V.HERWADKAR ENGLISH MEDIUM SCHOOL 34
He established an astronomical observatory at Daulatabad in Maharashtra. He improved the beauty of the capital, Kalburgi, and built a new city called Ferozabad on the banks of the river Bhima. He gifted a number of villages to the sufi saint Bandenawaz who had visited him. He developed harbours. This gave impetus to foreign trade. M.V.HERWADKAR ENGLISH MEDIUM SCHOOL 35
Mahamud Gavan Mahamud Gavan was the prime minister of Mahamud III. He achieved greater fame than the Bahmani sultans. Coming from a Persian background, he served selflessly. M.V.HERWADKAR ENGLISH MEDIUM SCHOOL 36
Achievements • Being an expert in warfare, Gavan expanded the kingdom by his successful conquests. • He provided a good administration which was based on Muslim law. • He improved the tax collection and made postal system more efficient. • He fixed the land revenue, based on the fertility of the soil and irrigation facilities. M.V.HERWADKAR ENGLISH MEDIUM SCHOOL 37
• He abolished taxes which proved harsh. • Being a scholar himself, Mahamud Gavan established a Madrasa (college) at Bidar. It encouraged study of the Islamic faith and law. Study of astronomy, mathematics, history etc. was also carried on here. • The students were given free education and hostel facilities. There were around 3000 manuscripts in the Madrasa library. M.V.HERWADKAR ENGLISH MEDIUM SCHOOL 38
Society The administration was carried on according to the Islamic law. The Sultan was the head of administration and the chief justice. He was also the chief of the army and religious head. He was regarded as the representative of God on earth. M.V.HERWADKAR ENGLISH MEDIUM SCHOOL 39
Cultural contributions of the Bahmanis Literature The Bahmani Sultans patronized scholars from foreign countries. As a result, Arabic and Persian literature flourished. Bandenawaz, a famous Sufi Saint and writer, belonged to this period. The language used by foreign scholars came to be known as Dakhani. Later, this language led to the development of Urdu. M.V.HERWADKAR ENGLISH MEDIUM SCHOOL 40
Architecture Bahmani history is noted for its architectural contribution. Their buildings in Kalaburagi, Bidar and other places combined both Hindu and Muslim styles. This style has become famous as Dakhani style. Their first structure was the Jami Masjid of Kalaburagi. M.V.HERWADKAR ENGLISH MEDIUM SCHOOL 41
M.V.HERWADKAR ENGLISH MEDIUM SCHOOL 42
The Solahkhamb mosque and the beautiful palaces in the fort of Bidar are famous. These buildings are decorated with delicate wooden carvings. The twelve tombs in Ashtur near Bidar are very impressive. The most important structure of the Bahmani period is the madrasa built by Gavan. M.V.HERWADKAR ENGLISH MEDIUM SCHOOL 43
THE ADIL SHAHIS OF VIJAYAPURA Among the Shahis, the Adil Shahi of Vijayapura is prominent. The Adil Shahis ruled in Karnataka for about two centuries. M.V.HERWADKAR ENGLISH MEDIUM SCHOOL 44
Ibrahim II Ibrahim II was an eminent ruler of Vijayapura. The kingdom not only expanded during his time, but it also prospered immensely. Trade and commerce flourished. Being a tolerant ruler, Ibrahim extended his patronage to many Hindu scholars, poets and musicians. He got the Datta temple in his fort renovated and made arrangements for regular worship there. M.V.HERWADKAR ENGLISH MEDIUM SCHOOL 45
M.V.HERWADKAR ENGLISH MEDIUM SCHOOL 46
Ibrahim’s successor Mahamud got the splendid structure of Gol Gumbaz constructed at Vijayapura. Asar Mahal is another structure built by him. M.V.HERWADKAR ENGLISH MEDIUM SCHOOL 47
Architecture The Adil Shahi structures occupy an important place in the architectural history of Karnataka. They are of three kinds: palaces, mosques, forts and tombs. • The Vijayapura fort is a massive structure with 96 bastions (towers) and six main entrances. Among the palaces, Gaganmahal is magnificent. There are rooms with colourful paintings in Asar Mahal. • The Juma Masjid in Vijayapura is attractive. M.V.HERWADKAR ENGLISH MEDIUM SCHOOL 48
Mohamud wanted to build a structure bigger than the Roza and so he constructed Gol Gumbaz around a tomb. At the centre of the structure is a huge dome. Inside the dome is the ‘whispering gallery’. Modern architects have been astonished at the ability of the dome to repeat the ‘whispers’. The Gol Gumbaz is the fourth largest structure in the world and the largest in India. It is one of the architectural wonders of the world. M.V.HERWADKAR ENGLISH MEDIUM SCHOOL 49
M.V.HERWADKAR ENGLISH MEDIUM SCHOOL 50 Establishment of the Vijayanagara Empire 1336 Period of rule of the empire 1336-1646 Krishnadevaraya’s reign 1509–1529 The Battle of Rakkasa-Tangadi 23 January, 1565 The Bahmani kingdom 1347–1489 Construction of the Bidar madrasa 1461 The period of reign of the Adil Shahis 1489–1686 Construction of Ibrahim Roza 1626 Construction of Gol Gumbaz around 1650 Chronology
M.V.HERWADKAR ENGLISH MEDIUM SCHOOL 51

More Related Content

vijayanaghamanikingdom6th-221212084050-0f153247 (1).pdf

  • 1. B.J.P.S Samiti’s M.V.HERWADKAR ENGLISH MEDIUM HIGH SCHOOL Program: Semester: Course: NAME OF THE COURSE 1 Vijayanagara Empire and Bahamani Kingdom By : Varada Phadke
  • 3. Look at the map of the Vijayanagara empire. It is really vast, isn’t it? It was one of the greatest empires of that time in the world. M.V.HERWADKAR ENGLISH MEDIUM SCHOOL 3
  • 4. As a result of the military campaigns of the Sultans of Delhi many prosperous kingdoms of south India declined. The religious, economic and social lives of the people were thrown into utter confusion. At this crucial juncture, the Vijayanagara empire was established, and it took upon itself the task of protecting and nourishing the Hindu Dharma and culture. It ruled for about three centuries and upheld the principle of Sarva-dharma-samabhava. Hampi, in Ballari district, was its capital. M.V.HERWADKAR ENGLISH MEDIUM SCHOOL 4
  • 5. Harihara and Bukka Harihara and Bukka, the sons of Sangama, founded the empire on the southern bank of the river Tungabhadra. Harihara and Bukka were the first two kings of Vijayanagara. Harihara started building the new capital in Hampi. During the reign of Harihara, the Bahmani kingdom was established. Since then, there were frequent wars between the Vijayanagara kings and the Bahmani sultans. M.V.HERWADKAR ENGLISH MEDIUM SCHOOL 5
  • 6. Devaraya II (Proudhadevaraya) The reign of Proudhadevaraya, the well-known king of the Sangama dynasty, is a very significant period. The fame of the empire spread everywhere. Internal peace and prosperity prevailed. Trade and commerce flourished. Proudhadevaraya suppressed the revolts of the leaders of the border areas. He fought against the sultans and expanded his kingdom. He recruited Muslims to his cavalry. The Persian ambassador, Abdul Razak, has recorded thus: "There is no king like Devaraya in the whole of India". Further he stated that the king's army had lakhs of soldiers. M.V.HERWADKAR ENGLISH MEDIUM SCHOOL 6
  • 8. Krishnadevaraya, a ruler of the Bronze sculpture of Krishnadevaraya with his wives Tuluva dynasty, was a noble emperor and a valiant soldier. During his reign, the boundaries of the empire extended upto the river Krishna in the north and the sea coasts in the east, west and south. M.V.HERWADKAR ENGLISH MEDIUM SCHOOL 8
  • 9. Achievements Krishnadevaraya was a capable administrator. He spent a quarter of the revenue of the empire on charity and social welfare. Agriculture and commerce prospered in his time. Commodities were inexpensive. M.V.HERWADKAR ENGLISH MEDIUM SCHOOL 9
  • 10. Krishnadevaraya was a scholar well- versed in both Sanskrit and Telugu. He composed Amukta Malyada in Telugu and Jambavati Kalyana in Sanskrit. His title was Kannada-rajya-ramaramana. M.V.HERWADKAR ENGLISH MEDIUM SCHOOL 10
  • 11. Ramaraya The Vijayanagara empire, which ruled gloriously for a long time, lost its power after the death of Krishnadevaraya. But the empire recovered its glory under Ramaraya, a mighty general and an able administrator. M.V.HERWADKAR ENGLISH MEDIUM SCHOOL 11
  • 12. Battle of Rakkasa-Tangadi Causes Over a period of time, the Bahmani kingdom became weak and split into five kingdoms. The sultans of these kingdoms sought Ramaraya’s intervention in their in - fighting. Ramaraya took advantage of the disunity among the sultans, and extended the borders of his empire upto the north of the river Krishna. M.V.HERWADKAR ENGLISH MEDIUM SCHOOL 12
  • 13. This provoked the sultans to engage in battle with him. Moreover, the sultans were envious of the prosperity of Vijayanagara. The sultans, who had till then engaged in- fighting, forgot their political differences and united. They declared war on Vijayanagara. The resultant war is called the Battle of Rakkasa-Tangadi. It was the most destructive battle in the history of south India. The battle field was between the villages of Rakkasagi and Tangadagi on the banks of river Krishna M.V.HERWADKAR ENGLISH MEDIUM SCHOOL 13
  • 14. Consequences Many important political changes took place in south India after the decline of the Vijayanagara empire. The northern areas of the empire became a part of Bijapur and Golkonda kingdoms. In Karnataka, the Chieftains in Keladi, Mysore and Chitradurga became independent. M.V.HERWADKAR ENGLISH MEDIUM SCHOOL 14
  • 15. The glory of the capital city as seen by the foreign travellers Many foreign travellers who visited the capital city Hampi have been enchanted by its magnificence and economic prosperity, and have praised it heartily. M.V.HERWADKAR ENGLISH MEDIUM SCHOOL 15
  • 16. • The Portuguese traveller, Domingo Paes, has this to write about the capital: “There cannot be another city like this on earth which has such an abundance of all kinds of commodities.” He has recorded that varieties of pearls, diamonds, rubies, emeralds, sapphires and expensive cloth used to be easily available there. M.V.HERWADKAR ENGLISH MEDIUM SCHOOL 16
  • 17. • The Persian (Iran) ambassador, Abdul Razak, who had visited the capital, was full of praise for the noble nature of Devaraya. About Vijayanagara, he exclaimed: “The eyes have not seen nor the ears heard about another glorious city like Vijayanagara!” M.V.HERWADKAR ENGLISH MEDIUM SCHOOL 17
  • 18. Society, Economy and Culture Society In the Grama Sabha, representation was given to members of all castes. In towns, the Muslim organization called Hanjaman existed. Its representatives were given a high place in the city assembly. M.V.HERWADKAR ENGLISH MEDIUM SCHOOL 18
  • 19. Economy Agriculture was the main occupation of the people. Vijayanagara was a centre for international trade. Merchants from various parts of the world used to come there. Foreign travellers have described that pearls and diamonds used to be sold in heaps in shop. Goods used to be exported and imported from many harbours along the east and west coasts of the empire. M.V.HERWADKAR ENGLISH MEDIUM SCHOOL 19
  • 20. Religion All religions received charities from the empire. The rulers had granted freedom to the people to practise their religion without any hindrance, mosques were built for the Muslims who were also recruited into the army in Vijayanagara. The Vijayanagara emperors had flourishing trade relations with the Portuguese. They encouraged Christianity too. M.V.HERWADKAR ENGLISH MEDIUM SCHOOL 20
  • 21. Literature Sanskrit, Kannada and Telugu literature flourished during the Vijayanagara period. The great Kannada poets, Kumaravyasa, Chamarasa and Ratnakara Varni, were of this period. The Vijayanagara period was a Golden Era of Telugu literature. M.V.HERWADKAR ENGLISH MEDIUM SCHOOL 21
  • 22. Music The Vijayanagara emperors patronised dance, painting and music. The name Carnatic music came to be used from that time for the south Indian system of music. The Saints of the period used music to preach the path of Bhakti. This path came to be called the Dasa Pantha. Among the Dasas Purandaradasa and Kanakadasa were prominent. M.V.HERWADKAR ENGLISH MEDIUM SCHOOL 22
  • 23. Sculpture During the Vijayanagara period, granite was extensively used in the construction of buildings. Tall towers (Raya-Gopuras) and beautiful marriage halls (kalyana mantapas) were built for all the existing temples in south India. Construction of hundreds of such structures provided employment to thousands of people. M.V.HERWADKAR ENGLISH MEDIUM SCHOOL 23
  • 24. Hampi There are many beautiful temples in Hampi. Some of them are the Hazara Ramaswami temple, Vijaya Vittalaswami temple, Krishnaswami temple and the Achyutaraya temple. It is interesting to know that when the short pillars of Vittala temple are tapped, we can hear seven notes of music. M.V.HERWADKAR ENGLISH MEDIUM SCHOOL 24
  • 26. The Vidyashankara temple of Sringeri, the Thousandpillared temple of Rameshwara and the Thousand-pillared basadi of Mudabidri (Tribhuvana Tilaka Chudamani) belong to the Vijayanagara period. M.V.HERWADKAR ENGLISH MEDIUM SCHOOL 26
  • 27. Monolithic Sculture It was in this period that the style of sculpting huge monolithic idols came into practice. The monolithic idols in Hampi are – Sasivekalu Ganesha, Kadalekalu Ganesha and Lakshminarasimha. The monolithic chariot in front of Vittalaswami temple is immensely beautiful. The monolithic statues of Bahubali in Karkala and Venur are a testimony to the exquisite skill of the sculptors of this Age. M.V.HERWADKAR ENGLISH MEDIUM SCHOOL 27
  • 31. The city of Bidar is a historical place situated in the northern-most part of Karnataka. It flourished as the capital of the Bahmani Sultans for about a century. Look at the magnificent fort of Bidar. M.V.HERWADKAR ENGLISH MEDIUM SCHOOL 31
  • 32. Look at the map of the Bahmani kingdom. It comprised parts of modern Karnataka, Maharashtra and Andhra Pradesh. The river Krishna formed its boundary in the south. Initially Kalburgi, and later Bidar, became its capital. The Bahmani kingdom and the Vijayanagara empire were neighbours, and they often engaged in battles with each other. M.V.HERWADKAR ENGLISH MEDIUM SCHOOL 32
  • 34. Firuz Shah Firuz Shah was the greatest emperor of the Bahmani Dynasty. He was just, generous and pious. Firuz Shah was a writer and a polyglot. He was an expert in geometry and religious texts. M.V.HERWADKAR ENGLISH MEDIUM SCHOOL 34
  • 35. He established an astronomical observatory at Daulatabad in Maharashtra. He improved the beauty of the capital, Kalburgi, and built a new city called Ferozabad on the banks of the river Bhima. He gifted a number of villages to the sufi saint Bandenawaz who had visited him. He developed harbours. This gave impetus to foreign trade. M.V.HERWADKAR ENGLISH MEDIUM SCHOOL 35
  • 36. Mahamud Gavan Mahamud Gavan was the prime minister of Mahamud III. He achieved greater fame than the Bahmani sultans. Coming from a Persian background, he served selflessly. M.V.HERWADKAR ENGLISH MEDIUM SCHOOL 36
  • 37. Achievements • Being an expert in warfare, Gavan expanded the kingdom by his successful conquests. • He provided a good administration which was based on Muslim law. • He improved the tax collection and made postal system more efficient. • He fixed the land revenue, based on the fertility of the soil and irrigation facilities. M.V.HERWADKAR ENGLISH MEDIUM SCHOOL 37
  • 38. • He abolished taxes which proved harsh. • Being a scholar himself, Mahamud Gavan established a Madrasa (college) at Bidar. It encouraged study of the Islamic faith and law. Study of astronomy, mathematics, history etc. was also carried on here. • The students were given free education and hostel facilities. There were around 3000 manuscripts in the Madrasa library. M.V.HERWADKAR ENGLISH MEDIUM SCHOOL 38
  • 39. Society The administration was carried on according to the Islamic law. The Sultan was the head of administration and the chief justice. He was also the chief of the army and religious head. He was regarded as the representative of God on earth. M.V.HERWADKAR ENGLISH MEDIUM SCHOOL 39
  • 40. Cultural contributions of the Bahmanis Literature The Bahmani Sultans patronized scholars from foreign countries. As a result, Arabic and Persian literature flourished. Bandenawaz, a famous Sufi Saint and writer, belonged to this period. The language used by foreign scholars came to be known as Dakhani. Later, this language led to the development of Urdu. M.V.HERWADKAR ENGLISH MEDIUM SCHOOL 40
  • 41. Architecture Bahmani history is noted for its architectural contribution. Their buildings in Kalaburagi, Bidar and other places combined both Hindu and Muslim styles. This style has become famous as Dakhani style. Their first structure was the Jami Masjid of Kalaburagi. M.V.HERWADKAR ENGLISH MEDIUM SCHOOL 41
  • 43. The Solahkhamb mosque and the beautiful palaces in the fort of Bidar are famous. These buildings are decorated with delicate wooden carvings. The twelve tombs in Ashtur near Bidar are very impressive. The most important structure of the Bahmani period is the madrasa built by Gavan. M.V.HERWADKAR ENGLISH MEDIUM SCHOOL 43
  • 44. THE ADIL SHAHIS OF VIJAYAPURA Among the Shahis, the Adil Shahi of Vijayapura is prominent. The Adil Shahis ruled in Karnataka for about two centuries. M.V.HERWADKAR ENGLISH MEDIUM SCHOOL 44
  • 45. Ibrahim II Ibrahim II was an eminent ruler of Vijayapura. The kingdom not only expanded during his time, but it also prospered immensely. Trade and commerce flourished. Being a tolerant ruler, Ibrahim extended his patronage to many Hindu scholars, poets and musicians. He got the Datta temple in his fort renovated and made arrangements for regular worship there. M.V.HERWADKAR ENGLISH MEDIUM SCHOOL 45
  • 47. Ibrahim’s successor Mahamud got the splendid structure of Gol Gumbaz constructed at Vijayapura. Asar Mahal is another structure built by him. M.V.HERWADKAR ENGLISH MEDIUM SCHOOL 47
  • 48. Architecture The Adil Shahi structures occupy an important place in the architectural history of Karnataka. They are of three kinds: palaces, mosques, forts and tombs. • The Vijayapura fort is a massive structure with 96 bastions (towers) and six main entrances. Among the palaces, Gaganmahal is magnificent. There are rooms with colourful paintings in Asar Mahal. • The Juma Masjid in Vijayapura is attractive. M.V.HERWADKAR ENGLISH MEDIUM SCHOOL 48
  • 49. Mohamud wanted to build a structure bigger than the Roza and so he constructed Gol Gumbaz around a tomb. At the centre of the structure is a huge dome. Inside the dome is the ‘whispering gallery’. Modern architects have been astonished at the ability of the dome to repeat the ‘whispers’. The Gol Gumbaz is the fourth largest structure in the world and the largest in India. It is one of the architectural wonders of the world. M.V.HERWADKAR ENGLISH MEDIUM SCHOOL 49
  • 50. M.V.HERWADKAR ENGLISH MEDIUM SCHOOL 50 Establishment of the Vijayanagara Empire 1336 Period of rule of the empire 1336-1646 Krishnadevaraya’s reign 1509–1529 The Battle of Rakkasa-Tangadi 23 January, 1565 The Bahmani kingdom 1347–1489 Construction of the Bidar madrasa 1461 The period of reign of the Adil Shahis 1489–1686 Construction of Ibrahim Roza 1626 Construction of Gol Gumbaz around 1650 Chronology