Unit 8 - Spain in the 19th Century
•
1 like•1,236 views
The document provides an overview of Spain in the 19th century, covering its political periods, independence movements in Latin America, civil wars like the Carlist Wars, and economic and social changes. Key events included the restoration of the liberal 1812 constitution during the Liberal Triennium, the Ominous Decade returning to conservative rule, and the reign of Isabella II which faced several uprisings and her eventual overthrow in 1868. Galicia experienced limited reforms, emigration, and the growth of Galician nationalism. The document also describes the career of painter Francisco Goya, from his early tapestry work to his later, darker paintings reflecting the turmoil in Spain.
Report
Share
Unit 8 - Spain in the 19th Century
- 1. Unit 8 Spain in the nineteenth century Social Studies – ESO-4
- 2. 2 Spain in the 19th century • Introduction • Periods • Liberal Triennium (1820-1823) • The Ominous decade (1823-1833) • The Carlist war and the Regencies (1833-1843) • Moderado rule (1844-1854) • Bienio Progresista (1854-1856) • La Gloriosa (1868-1873) • The First Spanish Replublic ( 1873-1874) • The Restoration (1874-1931) • Opposition to the system • Galicia in the 19th century • Economy and society • Goya
- 3. 3 Spain in the 19th century • Introduction • Ferdinand VII • He didn't accept the Constitution of 1812 • Agreements with nobility, church and cregy • Back to pre-Napoleonic absolutism • He was backed by the Spanish empire in the New World: • 1816-17 – independence of Argentina & Chile • 1819 – indepencence of Colombia • 1821 – independence of Venezuela
- 4. 4 Spain in the 19th century • Liberal triennium (1820-1823) • Coup d'étal by Rafael del Riego (to restore Constitution of 1812) • Agreement with the King and Progresita government: • 52 provinces • Anticlerical policies • Industrialization → problems with guilds • Progresistas = afrancesados • 100,000 sons of Saint-Louis • Mexico and Peru became independent
- 5. 5 Spain in the 19th century • The Ominous Decade (1823-1833) • Back to conservative values • Execution of del Riego • Attempt to improve finances after war • His succession had to be solved: • Married 4 times → 4 daughters / no sons • His brother Charles would succeed him • 1830 – Pragmatic Sanction – women → queens → Isabella • Ferdinand VII died – Isabella was 3 → her mother Maria Christina became regent
- 6. 6 Spain in the 19th century • Carlist war and Regencies (1833-1843) • Maria Christina of Bourbon Two sicilies – regent • Alliance with Progresista faction • Charles wanted the crown • He was backed by the Basque Country, Aragon and Catalonia – control of the north • Espartero – defeated Carlists • Maria Christina accepted a new Constitution (1837), desamortización & freedom of the press • Espartero was regent for 2 years
- 7. 7 Spain in the 19th century • Moderado rule (1844-1854) • Cortes didn't want another regent – Isabella II (13) became queen • Guardia Civil was established • Main features: • New Constitution (1845) • Successful campaigns in Africa • Desamortización continued • Second Carlist War (1846-1849)
- 8. 8 Spain in the 19th century • Bienio Progresista (1854-1856) • 1854 Rebellion against the state (O'Donnell) • Espartero was appointed president • Unión Liberal → new policy: • Industry, infrastructure, public works, social improvements • Madoz's desamortización • Liberals and moderates alternated governments • 1866 Isabella's monarchy was in danger – scandalous private life • La Gloriosa revolution ended her reign
- 9. 9 Spain in the 19th century • La Gloriosa (1868-1873) • Cortes looked for a new king • New Constitution (1869) • Serrano was regent • Italian Amadeo I of Savoy was chosen (1870) • No experience • After 3 years – battle between Carlists and republicans
- 10. 10 Spain in the 19th century • The First Spanish Republic (1873-1874) • Revolts everywhere – 4 presidents – 3rd Carlist war • The Restoration (1874-1931) • In 1970 Isabella II abdicated – Son Alfonso XII → king • Cánovas and Sagasta alternated control • New Constitution (1876) • Corrupt election system (caciques – pucherazo) • Unstability after Cánovas' death • The Philippines and Cuba independent (1898) • Reduced African colonies • 1898 crisis (Generation of 98) • Opposition (anarchists, socialists, nationalist parties)
- 11. 11 Spain in the 19th century • Galicia in the 19th century • In 1808 Xunta Suprema do Reino was established • Confrontation between Carlists, clergy and nobles against liberals • Limited economic reform • New provincial division • From 7 to 4 provinces
- 12. 12 Spain in the 19th century • Economy and society in Galicia • Clergy – lost provileges • Farmers – small properties and common lands • Local nobility – lived on rents • Caciquismo • Bourgeoisie – traders in cities and villages • Massive emigration to America • Galeguismo • Rexurdimento
- 13. 13 Spain in the 19th century • Goya - 1 • Francisco José de Goya y Lucientes (1746-1828) • Goya studied in Zaragoza,Madrid and Rome • He worked for the Royal Tapestry Factory (42 designs in Royal Palaces)
- 14. 14 Spain in the 19th century • Goya - 2 • Tapestry – happy scenes with bright colours • Chamber painter for the Royal Family • Portraits for the nobility (The Nude and The Clothed Maja)
- 15. 15 Spain in the 19th century • Goya - 3 • 1790 he was ill (sight and hearing) • His paintings became sad and dark • Caprichos (1799) → criticism of society • Unhappy about the French invasion (1808)
- 16. 16 Spain in the 19th century • Goya - 4 • Defeat of the French → problems with Ferdinand VII • Quinta del Sordo → unusual paintings on canvas and walls (Black Paintings) • 1810 – The Disasters of War • Goya moved to France